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/ 


JOURNAL  KEPT  IN  CANADA 

AND 

UPON  BURGOYNE'S  CAMPAIGN 

IM    1776  AND    1777, BY 

LIEUr.  JAMES    \1.   HADDEN,  Roy.  Art. 

Alio 

Orders  kept  by  him  and  issued  by  Sir  Guy  Carlhton,  Lieut 

General  John  Burgoyne  and  Major  General 

William  Phillips,  in  1776,  1777  and  1778. 

WITH  AN  explanatory  CHAPTER  AND  NOTES  BY 

HORATIO    ROGERS, 

Bre^c,  Brigadier  General  U.  S   V.,  and  formerly  ColoLl  Second  Rhode  bland 

Injantry  ;  Member  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  and 

Author  of  Private  Librariet  of  Providence. 


ALBANY,  N,  Y, 
JOEL  MUNSELL'S  SONS,  82  STATE  ST. 


M.  DCCC.  LXXXIV. 


/     t  H^ 


TO 


milliam  JL.  S)tone, 

tAe  enthusiastic  Burgoyne-studenty 

but  for  whose  unfailing  interest  and  urgent 

zeal  this  volume  would  probably  never 

have  been  published,  the  work,  now 

completed,  and  in  print,  is  afFec- 

tionately  dedicated  by  his 

old    College    friend, 

the  Editor. 


I 


CONTENTS. 


Preface,  -     -     - 
Calendar  for  1776, 


Pagb. 

ix 

XV 


ERRATA. 

Page. 

lii.  For  John  W.tson  Powell,  read  Henry  W.Uon  Powell. 

367.  For  3d  Earl  of  Chesterfield,  read  4th  Earl  of  Che«terfie;d. 

468.  For  , ,  3th.  or  Royal  Highland  Volunteers,  read  1 ,  3th,  or  Royal  Highlanders. 


J 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Preface,  ------....  |- 

Calendar  for  1776,    ----__  jjy 

Calendar  for  1777,        ------  xvi 

Authorities, ^y- 

An  Explanatory  Chapter,  by  the  Editor,  xxxv 

Hadden's  Journal,    -----..  j 

Hadden's  Orderly  Books,     -     .     -     .  ,5- 

Appendix, ^^^ 

I"^e^- 563 


^ggjjgJSSrWBWffliB^WiirT^fff^^^wwrj)  •,,^^,^w:^--.^v<-.»nni,  I  -wEBin  uiiti.i^mmiiimmmf!mmmmmm0mmmSSIi 


MAPS,  ETC.,  IN  FAC-SIMILE. 


»•• 


On,  or  to  face 
First  page  of  Hadden's  Journal,     -     -     -     Title 

Sketch  of  the  action  on  Lake  Champlain,  1 1 

Oct.,  1776,      --------  23 

Lake  Champlain  about  Crown  Point,          -  33 

British  Gun  Boat,    -------  jj6 

Ticonderoga  and  its  vicinity,       -     -     -     -  83 

Country  between  Lake  Champlain  and  Still- 
water, including  Lake  George,     -     -     -  90 
Burgoyne's    Order    of     March,    Sept.      17, 

^777^ 152 

Burgoyne's     Order   of     March,    Sept.    19, 

^777*        164 

Burgoyne's  Order  of  Battle  Sept.  1 9,  i  jjy.  1 64 


PREFACE. 


«  •  ■  ■  I 


A  knowledge  of  the  British,  no  less  than  of 
the  American   participants   in    Burgoyne's  cam- 
paign, being  necessary  to  the  proper  understand- 
ing of  that  great  event,  has  led  me  to  investigate 
the  personnel  oi  Burgoyne's  army,  and  to  annotate 
the  text  far  more  fully  than  had,  at  first,  been  in- 
tended.     No   reference    in   the  notes  has   been 
made  to  characters  like  Stark,  Schuyler,  Heath, 
Warner,  Morgan,  Lord  Stirling,  etc.,  as  they  arc 
presumed  to  be  familiar  to  the  American  reader ; 
and    though     Dr.    O'Callaghan,    in    Burgoyne's 
Orderly  Book,  has  sketched,  with  more  or   less 
fullness,  some  of  the  British  officers  annotated  in 
the  following  pages,  yet,  in  nearly,  if  not  quite, 
every  instance,  some  facts  have   been   added   to 
those  the  Doctor  has  given  ;  hence,  for  complete- 
ness, notes  on  such  personages  have  not  been  ex- 
cluded from  this  volume.     So  little  is  known  of 
Burgoyne's  Canadian  and  Provincial  officers,  and 
especially  of  the  leader  of  Burgoyne's  Indians, 
that  no  pains  have  been  spared  to  glean  all  possi- 
ble information   in  regard  to  them.     Notwith- 


X  Preface, 

standing  much  has  been  written  relating  to 
Burgoyne,  yet  no  biographer  has  been  sufficiently 
precise  to  give  the  exact  date  of  his  birth,  or  to 
inform  us  of  the  facts  on  which  rests  the  scandal 
in  regard  to  his  parentage,  so  that  the  reader  can 
judge  for  himself  of  the  merits  of  the  case. 
The  looseness  which  has  characterized  other 
portions  of  the  various  memoirs  of  this  offi- 
cer's life  and  character,  accounts  for  so  full  a 
sketch  of  Burgoyne  in  the  notes.  As  various 
writers  have  confused  bearers  of  the  same  name 
with  some  of  Burgoyne's  officers,  brief  sketches 
of  a  number  of  such  contemporaries  have  been 
given,  in  order  to  aid,  as  far  as  may  be,  in  ob- 
viating such  confusion  hereafter. 

Though  writing  of  Englishmen,  and  others, 
engaged  in  a  cause  in  which  my  proclivities  are 
all  against  them,  as  my  grandfather  and  one  of 
his  brothers  were  officers  in  the  Rhode  Island 
Line,  and  another  brother  was  a  brigade  chaplain 
in  the  Pennsylvania  Line,  on  the  patriot  side 
during  the  Revolutionary  War,  yet  I  have  striven 
to  write  as  one  without  prejudice,  both  in  stating 
facts  without  coloring,  and  in  drawing  conclu- 
sions without  improper  bias. 


Preface. 


XI 


If  I  have  gone  too  much  into  artillery  details. 
It  must  be  borne  in  mir.J  that  Lieut.  Hadden  was' 
an  artillery  officer  ;  and,  it  may  be,  the  fact  that 
I  served  as  first-lieutenant,  captain,  and  major,  in 
the  Third  Rhode  Island  Heavy  Artillery  during 
the  early  years  of  our  late  civil  war,  has  whetted 
my  interest  in  such  matters  to  a  degree  not  shared 
by  the  majority  of  readers.     My  aim   has  been, 
editorially,  to   write  for  historical  students,  more 
than  for  the  general  reader ;  hence  no  dates  and 
no  precision  of  statement  of  any  fact  have  been 
omitted,  merely  to  add  to  rhetorical  effect. 

The  Orders,  contained  in  the  latter  part  of  this 
work,  reflect  much  light  upon  Burgoyne's  cam- 
paign, and,  consequently,  upon  Hadden's  Journal  ; 
since  Orders  issued  in  1776,  in  regard  to  the 
formation  and  regulations  of  the  army  in  Canada, 
applied  very  largely  to  the  troops  under  Burgoyne 
the  next  year. 

Calendars  for  the  years  1776  and  1777,  have 
been  inserted  in  the  introductory  matter,  so  that 
readers  desiring  to  refer  to  them,  may  readily  do 
so ;  the  table  of  *  Contents '  showing  exactly 
where  they  may  be  found. 

Save  in  a  very  few  cases,  I  have  made  no  refer- 
ence  in    the    notes   to   the   topography   of  the 


"^r/.:  ir  'v^.  9w>st'*«'v  ■ 


xii  Preface, 

country,  as  others  personally  familiar  with  it, 
have  fully  and  clearly  explained  it ;  far  more  so, 
than  I  could  hope  to  do. 

The  authorities  for  the  editor's  work  have  been 
intended  to  be  given  as  fully  as  possible,  as,  in 
historical  writing,  the  importance  of  furnishing 
them  is  thoroughly  realized ;  and  if,  in  any  case, 
it  shall  be  found  that  they  have  been  omitted, 
it  is  due  solely  to  oversight,  as  some  of  the 
notes  were  originally  written  without  noting  the 
authorities  at  the  time,  thus  necessitating  their 
subsequent  addition.  Where  the  authorities  for 
a  note  are  few,  or  where  they  are  so  intermingled 
that  it  would  be  well  nigh  impossible  to  refer  to 
them  accurately,  save  in  mass,  they  have  been 
inserted  at  the  end  without  special  reference  to 
them  in  the  body  of  the  note.  To  save  space  and 
expense  the  name  of  every  volume  of  authority 
referred  to,  has  been  lettered  in  the  table  of 
'Authorities,'  and  subsequent  references  are  to  the 
letters,  and  not  to  the  name  of  the  volume ;  the 
table  of  *  Authorities  '  serving  as  a  key.  As  but 
comparatively  few  readers  will  care  for  the 
authorities,  while  those  who  do,  will  care  for 
them  very  much,  and  as  the  notes  have  expanded 
far  beyond  the  bounds  originally  set  for  them. 


Preface.  xiii 

making  it  necessary  to  resort  to  some  method  to 
keep  the  volume  within  reasonable  limits,  it  is 
hoped  that  this  device  for  economizing  space 
will  cause  but  little  inconvenience. 

I  return  my  heartiest  thanks   to  Mr.  William 
L.  Stone,  of  Jersey  City,  for  his  unfailing  interest 
in   this  work,  as  well  as  for  much  valuable  aid 
and   counsel.     I    am   also   under  obligations    to 
Gen.    J.   Watts    de    Peyster,    and   Dr.    Thomas 
Addis    Emmet,    of    New   York;     Hon.    Wins- 
low  C.  Watson,  of  Port   Kent,   N.  Y. ;  Dr.    A. 
W.   Holden,  of  Glens  Falls,  N.   Y. ;  J.   M.  Le 
Moine,  Esq.,  President  of  the  Literary  and  Anti- 
quarian Society  of  Quebec  ;   Major  L.  A.  Huguet- 
Latour,  and  the  Abbe  Verreau  of  Montreal ;  and 
the  Abbe  Tanguay,  of  Ottawa,  Canada.     For  the 
use   of  valuable  manuscripts  I  am   indebted   to 
many  parties ;  and  especially  to  the  Massachu- 
setts Historical   Society,  for   the  Heath   Papers, 
and  the  Military  Papers  of  Capt.  Moses  Green- 
leaf;  to   the   New  York    Historical   Society,  for 
the  Gates  Papers ;  to  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society,  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  for  various 
Order  and  Letter  Books ;  and  to  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  for 
the  Haldimand  Papers.    In  this  latter  connection 


l»IIUaiJHll»iSJlibuyB<aiH.iWB 


PT-f.jJi'i.^tfTnt'afi'it-tf 


xiv  Preface. 

I  cannot  refrain  from  referring  to  the  unwearied 
zeal  and  unfailing  courtesy  of  Mr.  Douglas 
Brymner,  of  Ottawa,  the  Archivist  of  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada,  in  affording  me  the  fullest 
and  most  satisfactory  use  of  the  Haldimand 
Papers,  and  the  other  manuscripts  confided  to 
his  charge.  Would  that  all  public  officials  in 
custody  of  valuable  manuscripts,  might  take  a 
lesson  from  him.  To  these  and  to  various  others, 
too  numerous  to  mention,  who  have  been  of  ser- 
vice to  me  in  preparing  this  work,  I  return  my 
most  grateful  acknowledgments.  It  would, 
indeed,  be  an  omission,  not  to  specially  com- 
mend the  typographical  excellence  displayed  by 
the  Messrs.  Munsell  in  this  work; — surely, 
none  of  its  faults  can  justly  be  attributed  to 
them. 

The  limits  of  an  ordinary  preface  are  far  too 
circumscribed  to  admit  of  many  matters  it  has 
seemed  desirable  to  advert  to,  in  editing  a  work 
of  this  character  ;  hence  the  reader  is  referred  to 
An  Explanatory  Chapter,  by  the  Editor,  for  infor- 
mation, that,  but  for  the  space  it  requires,  would 
have  been  included  in  the  so-called  preface. 

H.  R. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  March  31st,  1884. 


CALENDAR    FOR 

1776. 

JANUARY. 

FEBRUARY. 

MARCH. 

S.  M.  T.  W.  T.  F.  S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.  F.S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

...    123456 
7    8    9  10  II  12  13 
14  15  16  17  18  19  20 
21  22  23  24  25  26  27 
28  29  30  31  

123 

4   5    6    7    8    910 
II  12  13  14  15  16  17 
18  19  20  21  22  23  24 
25  26  27  28  29 

I    2 

3456789 
10  II  12  13  14  15  16 
17  18  19  20  21  22  23 
24  25  26  27  28  29  30 
31 

APRIL. 

MAY. 

JUNE. 

S.  M.  T.  W.  T.  F.  S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.  F.S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

...     123456 
7    8   ^  10  II  12  13 
14  15  16  17  18  19  20 
21  2223  2425  26  27 
28  29  30 

1234 

5    6    7    8    9  10  II 
12  13  14  15  16  17  18 
19  20  21  22  23  24  25 
26  27  28  29  3031  ... 

I 

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9  10  II  12  13  14  15 

16  17  18  19  2021  22 

23  24  25  26  27  28  29 

^0    •••     *••    ■••    •••    ,,,     ,,, 

JULY. 

AUGUST. 

SEPTEMBER. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.  F.S. 

S.  M.  T.  W.  T.  F.  S. 

S.  M.  T.  W.  T.  F.  S. 

...     123456 
7    g    9  10  II  12  13 

21  22  23  24  25  26  27 
28293031  

123 

4    5    6    7    8    9  10 
II  12  13  14  15  16  17 
18  19  20  21  22  23  24 
25  26  27  28  29  30  31 

»    2    3    4    5    6    7 

8    9  10  II  12  13  14 

15  16  17  18  192021 

22  23  24  25  26  27  28 

2930 

OCTOBER. 

NOVEMBER. 

DECEMBER. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.  F.S. 

S.  M.  T.  W.  T.  F.  S. 

S.  M.  T.  W.  T.  F.  S. 

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8    9  10  II  12  13  14 

15  16  17  18  19  20  21 

22  23  24  25  26  27  28 

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13  14  15  16  17  18  19 
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I    2 

3456789 
10  II  12  13  14  15  16 
17  18  19  20  21  22  23 
24  25  26  27  28  29  30 

CALENDAR  FOR  1777. 


JANUARY. 

FEBRUARY. 

MARCH. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

1234 

5    6    7    8   9  10  II 
12  13  14  15  16  17  18 
19  20  21  22  23  2425 
26  27  28  29  3031  ... 

I 

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9  10  II  12  13  14  15 

16  17  18  19  20  2f  22 
23  2425  26  27  28  ... 

I 

2345678 

9  10  II  12  13  14  15 

16  17  18  19  20  21  22 

23  24  25  26  27  28  29 

3031 

APRIL. 

MAY. 

JUNE. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.  F  S. 

12345 

6    7    8   9  10  II  12 
13  14  15  16  17  18  19 
20  21  22  23  24  25  26 
27  28  29  30 

123 

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fi  12  13  14  15  16  17 
18  19  20  21  22  23  24 
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15  16  17  18  19  2021 

22  23  24  25  26  27  28 

29  30 

JULY. 

AUGUST. 

SEPTEMBER. 

S.  M.  T.  W.  T.  F.  S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.  F.S. 

>    2   3   4   5 

6    7    8   9  10  II  12 
13  14  15  16  17  18  19 
2021  22  2324  25  26 
2728293031 

I    2 

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17  18  19  2021  22  23 
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14  15  16  17  18  1920 
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OCTOBER. 

NOVEMBER. 

DECEMBER 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

S.  M.T.  W.T.F.S. 

3.  M.  T.  W.  T.  F.  S. 

1234 

5    6    7    8    9  ID  II 
12  13  14  15  16  17  18 
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9  10  II  12  13  14  15 

16  17  18  19  2021  22 

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7    8    9  10  II  12  13 

14  15  16  17  18  1920 

21  22  23  24  25  26  27 

28  29  3031 

j*^ 

AUTHORITIES. 

[Future  references  to  volumes  of  authority  in  this  work,  will 
for  economy  of  space  and  expense,  usually  be  to  their  letters 
and  not  to  their  names.] 

.  Vou 

A.  Allen's  Battles  of  the  British  Navy,  i 

B.  Allen,  Narrative  of  Ethan. 

C.  American  Archives,  4th  Series, 


D. 

£.  »i 

F.  u 

G.  u 
H.  »« 
I.  u 

J. 

K.  »» 


(( 

«< 

<( 

(I 

(( 

tt 

l< 

tt 

5th 

u 

(( 

(C 

(I 

{( 

I 

a 

3 

4 

5 

6 

I 

a 


3 

L'  American  Historical  Record,  t 

M.  ««  »t  J 

N.  "  *t  J 

N.N.  American  Military  Pocket  Atlas. 

O.  Anburey's  Travels  through  the  Interior  Parts 

of  America,  ist  Ed., 
*•  Idem. 

Q.  Anderson's  Scottish  Nation, 

I^'  Annual  Biography  and  Obituary,  a 

S.  •'  «» 

T.  ««  u 

U.  "  IC 


8 


14 

16 


'f''"'  Authorities. 


V. 

Annual 

w. 

t( 

X. 

<» 

Y. 

M 

2. 

«l 

A.A. 

« 

A.B. 

fC 

A.C. 

M 

A.D. 

« 

A.E. 

•C 

A.F. 

i< 

A.G. 

Badffaiiv 

Vot. 


"  1773. 
"  '787. 
"  1794. 
"    1795. 

"  »799- 
"  1801. 

"  1802. 

"  »8o4. 

"  1808. 

"  1822. 
Badeaux.    Invasion  du  Canada  par  Les  Amer- 
icams  en  ,775.  Journal  de  J.-Bte.  Badeaux. 
In    vol.   I,    Invasion  du    Canada,  par   M. 
I'Abbe  Verrcau. 

A.  H.  Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States, 

A.I.  ««  u  ♦ 

AJ.  «.  „  „  ^ 

A.K.  u  „  ^^  7 

A.L.  «  „  ^^  9 

A.M.  Beatson's    Chronological    Register    of  both 

Houses  of  the  British  Parliament. 
A-N.  Idem. 

A-O-  Idem. 

A.P.  Beatson's  Military  and  Naval  Memoirs.  f 

A.Q.  «  „  »  3 

A.R.  ««  „  -  4 

A.S.  Beatson's  Political  Index  to  the   Histories  of 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
AT.  Idem. 


2 


6 


Authorities.  xix 

Vot. 

A.U.  Beaton's  Political  Index  to  the  Histories  of 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  ^ 

A.V.  Bell's  Translation  of  Garneau's  THistoire  du 

Canada,  2 

A.W.  Berthelot.     Extraits   d'  un   Memoire    de  M. 

A.  Berthelot  sur  I'Invasion  du  Canada  en 
1775.  In  vol.  I,  Invasion  du  Canada,  par 
I'Abbe  Verreau. 

A.X.  Bibaud's  Le  Pantheon  Canadien. 

A.Y.  "         Les    Institutions   de    I'Histoire    du 

Canada,  l 

A.Z.  Boston  Evening  Post.     Oct.   17,  1778. 

B.A.  Boston  Gazette.  July  28,  1777. 

fi-fi-  "  Sept.    8,  1777. 

BC.  "  '»     29,1777- 

B.D.  ««  Oct.     6,1777. 

^•E-  "  Nov.  10,  1777. 

B.F.  Bouton's  History  of  Concord,  N.  H. 

B.G.  Brenton's  Naval  History  of  Great  Britain,  2 

B.H.  British  Army  Lists. 

B.I.  Brooks'  History  of  Mcdford,  Mass. 

B.J.  Browne's  History  of  the  Highlands  and  Clans,      4 

B.K.  Burgoyne.     Fonblanque's  Political  and  Mili- 

tary  Episodes  of. 

B.L.  Burgoyne's  Works.     2  vols. 

B.M.  "         Orderly  Book. 

B.M.M.  "         Speech  on  Vyner's  Motion. 

B.N.  "         State  of  the  Expedition. 

B.O.  "         Supplement   to  the   State   of  the 

Expedition. 


XX  Authorities, 

Vot. 
B  P.  Burk's  History  of  Virginia,  3 

B.Q.  "  «  4 

B.R.  Burke's  Peerage  and  Baronetage. 

B.S.  "       Extinct  and  Dormant  Baronetcies. 

B.T.  "       Landed  Gentry. 

B.T.T.        Burke.      Works   of  Edmund.      Rivington's 

.  Ed.  of  1852,  I 

B.U.  Campbell's  Annals  of  Tryon  County,  N.  Y. 

B.V.  «*         History  of  Virginia. 

B.W.  Canada.     Conquest  of.      By  the  Author  of 

**  Hochelaga,"  2 

B.X.  Canadian  Monthly  and  National  Review,  5 

B.Y.  Carrington's  Battles  of  the  American  Revo- 

lution. 
B.Z.  Chamber's  Biographical  Dictionary  of  Eminent , 

Scotsmen.     Ed.  of  1835,  1 

B.Z.Z.  Idem. 

C.A.  Chipman's   Memoir  of  Col.  Seth  Warner. 

C.B.  Colden  Papers.     [Publication  Fund  Series, 

N.  Y.  Hist.  Society.]  j 

C.C.  Idem. 

CD.  Collins'  Peerage.     Brydges'  Ed.,  8 

C.E.  Congress,  Journals  of.     [For  1774-5,]  i 

C.E.E.  "  "  [For  1777,] 

C.F.  «♦  "  [For  1776,] 

C.F.F.  «*  *»  [For  1781,] 

C.G.  Connecticut  Colonial  Records,  9 

C.H.  «*  " 

C.I.  "  " 

C.J.  **  Courant.     May  27,  1776. 


2 


2 


3 

2 

7 


10 
II 


Authorities,  xxi 

Vot. 

C.K.  Connecticut  Courant,  Sept.  23,  1776. 

C.L.  »*                 "           April  10,  1777. 

CM.  "           Historical  Society.    Collections  of,      1 

C.N.  Continental  Journal  for  Sept.  19,  1776. 

CO.  "                  "  May  22,  1777. 

CP.  "                  "  July  24,  1777. 

CQ.  «                  "  July  31,  ,777. 

C.Q.Q.  «                  "  Aug.     7,  1777. 

CR.  ««                "  Sept.  18,  1777. 

C.S.  «                "  Oct.     2,  1777. 

CT.  Cook.  Orderly  Book  of  Col.  Thaddeus. 
Manuscript  in  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society's  Library. 

CU.  Cornwallis'  Correspondence,                                     I 

CV.  "                 "                                         a 

CW.  «♦                  »»                                          3 

C.W.W.  Cumberland.    Memoirs  of  Richard.     Boston,  1806. 

ex.  Debrett's  Peerage. 

CY.  Dodd's  Manual  of  Dignities. 

CZ.  Duncan's  History  of  the  Royal  Artillery,               i 

D.A.  '*               "             "                          a 

D.B.  Elizabethtown  [N.  Y.]  Post  and  Gazette  for 

Dec.  4,  1879. 

D.C.  Encyclopedia  Britannica.     9th  £d.,                      a 

D.D.  European  Magazine,                                             66 

D.E.  Farmer  and  Moore's  Historical  Collections,           i 

D.F.  "            "                        " 

D.G.  Fitch's  SuTi'ey  of  Washington  County,  N.  Y. 

D.H.  Fitzmaurice's  Life  of  Lord  Shelburne. 

D.L  Fletcher.     Narrative  of  Ebenezcr. 


3 


^^^^  Authorities. 


DJ.  Foster's  Baronetage  and  Knightage. 

"        Peerage  and  Orders  of  Knighthood. 
FrankJin's  Works,  by  Sparks, 
Fraser.    Journal  of  Operations  before  Quebec 

in  1759,  by  Malcolm. 
Frothingham's  History  of  the  Siege  of  Boston 
Fullom's  Life  of  Sir  Howard  Douglas 
^•0.  Gaine's  Universal  Register  for  ,779. 


Vot. 


D.K. 

D.K.K 

^U 

D.M. 
DN. 


'  '*         "  1782. 

D.Q.  Gaspe.      Memoires  par  Philippe  de 

iJ.R.  Gates'   Papers.     Manuscript   in  New   York 

Historical  Society's  Library. 

D.S.  Gentleman's  Magazine 

D.T.  «       »,  '7 

D.U.  «i      „  ii 

D.V.  «      „  # 

D.W.  u      „  ^^ 

D.X.  cc      „  49 

D.X.X.  «      „  -   :i* 

D.Y.  u      „  5* 

D.Z.  «      „  ^^'  '•  59 

D.Z.Z.  ««      «  ^^-  '•  60 

E.A.  «      „  ^^•2-  ^2 

E.B.  ..      „  ^^'  2.  66 

E.G.  cc      „  ^t.  2.  71 

E.D.  «          „  ^^'  '^'  n 

E.E.  »t      «  Pf-  2.  75 

E.F.  u      c»  ^'-  '•  78 

E.G.  «i      «  ^^-  2-  79 

E.H.  «^      ..  ^f-  '•  80 

Pt.  2.  80 


Authorities.  xxiii 


E.  I.  Gentleman's    Magazine 

E.J.  "  " 

E.K.  "  «• 

E.L.  "  «* 

EM.  «  « 

E.N.  "  « 

E.O.  "  «• 

E.P.  ««  « 


Ct  11 

11  *1 


Vol- 

Pt. 

2. 

83 

Ft. 

I. 

84 

Pt. 

2. 

84 

Pt. 

2. 

85 

Pt. 

I. 

87 

Pt. 

2. 

87 

Pt. 

2. 

91 

Pt. 

2. 

92 

Pt. 

2. 

93 

Pt. 

2. 

95 

Pt. 

I. 

97 

Pt. 

I. 

98 

Pt. 

2. 

99 

N. 

S. 

4 

1 

tior 

>> 

E.P.P.  « 

E.Q. 

E.R. 

E.S.  ^ 

E.T.  «» 

E.U.  " 

E.V.  Georgian  Era, 

E.  W.  Gordon's  History  of  the  American  Revolution, 

London  Ed.  of  1 788, 

E.W.W.  Idem. 

E.X.  Greenleaf.     Military  Papers  of  Capt.  Moses. 

Manuscript  in  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society's  Library. 

E.  Y.  Graham's  Life  of  General  Daniel  Morgan. 

E.Z.  Hadden's  Journal  and  Orderly  Books. 

F  A.  Haldimand  Papers.      Copy  in  the  Parliament 

Library,  Ottawa,  Canada,  of  the  Manu- 
script in  the  British  Museum. 

F.B.  Idem.     Register   of   Letters   from   Sir   Guy 

Carleton  to  Various  Persons,  1 776-1 778,        i 

F.C.  "  Idem.  2 

F.D.  "  Correspondence  of  the  Ministers  with 


xxiv  Authorities, 


Vol. 


Gens.    Amherst,    Gage   and    Carleton, 
1 760-1 778. 
F.E.  Idem.     General  Orders  by  Sir  Guy  Carleton  and 

Gen.  Haldimand,  1776-1783. 
*'.F.  «  Register  of  Warrants  issued  for  the  Ex- 

traordinary Service  of  the  Army,  1778- 
1780,  , 

F.G.  "  Idem,  1 77 1- 1 782,  - 

F.H.  »*  Letters  to  the  Ministry,  1778-1781,  f 

F-I.  "  Letters    to  Gen.    Haldimand   from    the 

Boards    of    Admiralty    and    Ordnance, 
1778-1785. 
FJ-  "  Letters   from  Various  Persons  to  Gen. 

Haldimand,  . 

F.K.  "  Letters    from    Officers    commanding   at 

Niagara,  1777-1778,  , 

F.L.  "  Letters  to  Various  Persons.     1778. 

F.M.  "   Register  of  Naval  dnd  Military  Commis- 

sions, I 778-1 782. 
F.N.  Hall's  Early  History  of  Eastern  Vermont. 

F.N.N.         Haskell  and  Smith's  Gazetteer  of  the  United  States. 
F.O.  Haydn's  Book  of  Dignities. 

F.P.  Heath  Papers.     Manuscript  in  the  Massachu- 

setts Historical  Society's  Library. 
F.P.P.  Heath's  Memoirs. 

F.Q.  Henley,     Proceedings    of  a    General    Court 

Martial  upon  the  trial  of  Col.  David. 
F.R.  Henry's  Arnold's  Campaign  against  Quebec. 

F.S.  Hinman's  Part  sustained  by  Connecticut  during 

the  War  of  the  Revolution. 


Authorities, 


XXV 


F.T. 

F.U. 

F.U.U. 

F.V. 

F.W. 

F.X. 

F.Y. 

F.Z. 

G.A. 

G.B. 

G.C. 

G.D. 

G.E. 

G.F. 

G.G. 

G.H, 

G.I. 

GJ. 

G.K. 

G.L. 
G.M. 
G.N. 
G.O. 

G.P. 
G.Q. 
G.R. 


Histoire  des  Grandes  Families  Fran^aises  du 
Canada, 

Idem. 
Historical  Magazine, 


(t 

C( 

(( 
t< 
« 


(4 
C( 
ti 

(( 

cc 
<i 
c< 


id  Series. 


C( 


Historical  Record  of  the  9th  Foot.     British. 

"     20th     « 


Vol. 

I 
2 
2 

3 

4 
6 

9 
I 

5 

7 


ti 


Ci 

(( 

<c 


tt 


{( 


(( 


(C 


<( 


(( 


1( 


I( 


cc 


C( 


IC 

« 
cc 
(( 


2lst 
31st 
34th 
46th 

Holden's  History  of  Queensbury. 

Hough's  Northern  Invasion,  1780.    Bradford 

Club  Series,  No.  6. 
Howe.     Narrative  of  Lieut.  Gen.  Sir  William. 
Huntingdon's  History  of  Stamford,  Conn. 
James' Military  Dictionary.     2  vols.     Ed.  of  1810. 
JefFerson's     Memoirs,    Correspondence,    &c. 

2d  Ed.,  Boston,  1830,  Gray  &  Bowe'n,  i 

Jesse's  Memoirs  of  the  Pretenders,  | 

Johnson.     Orderly  Book  of  Sir  John. 
Jones'  History  of  New  York  during  the  Revo- 
lutionary War, 
d 


XXVI  Authorities, 

G.S.  Jones'  History  of  New  York  during  the  Revo- 

lutionary War, 
G.T.  Junius'  Letters. 

G.U,  Kane's  Artillery  List. 

G.V.  1 
G.X.  /         Lamb's  Journal  of  the  American  War. 

G.  W.  «*        Memoir  of  His  Own  Life. 

G.X.X.        Le  xVIoine.   Title  Deeds  of  J.  M.,  Manuscript 

'"  possession  of  J.  M.  Le  Moine. 
^- Y.  "  Maple  Leaves  of  J.  M.,  3d  Series. 

^•^•^-  "  "  "         New  Series, 

1873. 
G.Z  Lindsay's  Lives  of  the  Lindsays, 

H.A.  Lippincott's  Magazine, 

H.B.  List  of  Officers  serving  in  North  America 

under  Sir  Henry  Clinton  in  1779, 
H.C.  List  of  Officers  serving   in  North  America 

under  Sir  Guy  Carleton  in  1783. 
Livingston.      Orderly    Book   of  Heniy    B., 

Manuscript  in  the  American  Antiquarian 

Society's  Library. 


H.D. 


Vot. 


H.E. 

London  C 

hroni 

H.F. 

cc 

(C 

H.G. 

ct 

<c 

H.H. 

(( 

(( 

H.L 

I* 

C( 

HJ. 

t( 

« 

H.K. 

*( 

i( 

H.L. 

tt 

(t 

H.M. 

C( 

(t 

2 


4 
39 
4' 
42 
43 


45 
46 

47 


Authorities,  xxvii 

H.N.  London  Chronicle,  ,o 

H.O.  u  »    *  48 

H.P.  *c  .,  49 

H.Q.  «  „  .  50 

H.R.  «  ((  53 

H.S.  Lorimier.     Mes  Services  pendant  La  Guerre 

Americaine  de  1775.  Memoire  de  M.  de. 
In  vol.  I,  Invasion  du  Canada,  par  M.  I' 
Abbe  Verreau 
H.T.  Lossing's  Field  Book  of  the  Revolution.     2d 

Ed. 
H.T.T.        Lowell's  The   Hessians  and  the  other  Ger- 
man  Auxiliaries  of  Great  Britain   in    the 
Revolutionary  War. 
H.U.  McDonnell.     Orderly  Book  of  Capt.  ArchL 

bald of  the  ist  Batt.  of  the  Royal  Regt. 

,^  of  New  York.     Manuscript  in  possession 

of  Major  L.  A.  Huguet-Latour,  Montreal. 

H.V.  Mackintosh.     Memoirs  of  Sir  James.  , 

H.W.  Maclean.      An  Historical    and    Genealogical 

;  Account  of  The  Clan  Maclean,  from  its 

first   settlement  at  Castle    Douart,  in    the 

;  Isle  of  Mull,  to  the  present  period.     By  a 

Seneachie.     London,  1838. 
H.X.  Magazine  of  American  History, 

H.Y.  '»        u  <»  „ 

H.Z.  **        ««  u  {( 

I.A.  «        tt  ti  u 

LA. A.  Marshall.     Extracts  from  the  Diary  of  Chris- 

topher. 


I 

2 

4 
6 


xxviii  Authorities. 


Vol 

i.B.  Marshall's  Royal  Naval  Biography,  i 

I.e.  "  ««  (i  it  D»      ,     « 

I.D.  «  «  «  u  p^    ^    ^ 

I.E.  Maseres'  Additional   Papers   concerning   the 

Province  of  Quebeck. 
I.F.  Morgan's  Sketches  of  Celebrated  Canadians. 

I.G.  Munday's  Life  and    Correspondence  of  the 

late  Admiral  Rodney,  2 

I.H.  Naval  Chronicle.     [For  1810,]  23 

I.I.  New   England    Historical   and   Genealogical 

Register,  ^ 

I'J'  Idem.  I* 

^•^'  Idem.  ,^ 

'•L-  Idem.  25 

^•M.  Idem.  3, 

I.N.  New  Hampshire  Adjutant  General's  Report 

for  1866,  2 

^•^-  "  "       Historical  Society's  Collec- 

tions, m 

lO.O.  "  "      State  Papers,  g 

I.P.  New    York.     Documents    relating     to    the 

Colonial  History  of,  y 

I'R.  Idem.  g 

I'S.  Idem.  IQ 

I.T.  Osier's  Life  of  Admiral  Viscount  Exmouth. 

I.U.  O'Byrne's  Naval  Biographical  Dictionary. 

I.U.U.         Palmer's  History  of  Lake  Champlain. 
I.V.  Parliamentary  Register. 

I.W.  Pennsylvania  Gazette.    Aug.  2,  1775. 

I.X.  Play  fair's  British  Family  Antiquary,  ^^ 


Authorities.  xxix 

T  ■V  ni                                                                                                          ^^^ 

i.Y.  Playfair'g  British  Family  Antiquary,                       » 

I.Z.  ♦«                 «i                 (i                                    jl 

J.A.  Providence  Gazette.     Aug.     16,1776. 

J.B.  Quebec  Gazette.          Sept.    22,  1774. 

1^-  "         "              Oc    .3,  ,774. 

JD.  «          «                Feb.      2,  .775. 

^•^^^  Aug.    24,1775. 

J°-  "          "                 Oct.     5.  ,775. 

J-"-  "          '•                 Nov.  ,4,  ,776. 

J-I-  "           "                  May       8,  ,777. 

i-y-  '           "                    May    29,1777. 

{f-  "          "                 J""     5.1777- 

Im  "         "               J""'  ^5.  .778. 

JN-  "           "                   July      2,1778. 

J-O-  "          "                 Aug.     6,  ,778. 

If  u          "                 °«-   ^'''  ■"9- 

{f  •  "                 Nov.   25,  .784. 

J?:  "        Oct.  ,,,.786. 

J-^-  "                  June    21,1787. 

I"-  "          "                 J"'y    *6.'787. 

{•X:  "           J"'y  •7.1788. 

J.^.  Quebec.     Journal   of  the   Principal  Occur- 
rences  during    the   Siege    of ,  by   the 

American  Revolutionists.     Edited    by   W. 
T.  Shortt  of  H.  B.  M.  17th  Foot. 


K.I.  *• 

K.I.I.    V  «« 


2 

3 

4 
5 


XXX        ^  Authorities.  - 

Vbt. 
K.A.  Quebec.     Rituel  du  Diocese  de  — ,  public  par 

Pordre  de  Monseigneur  I'Eveque  de  Quebec. 
Paris,  1703.     2d  Ed. 

K.B.  Randolph's  Domestic  Life  of  Thomas  Jeffer- 

son. 

K.B.B.         Rainsford.    Journal  of  Commissary.    [N.  Y. 

Hist.  Soc'y  Pub.  Fund  Series.  Vol.  1 2.] 
K.C.  Remembrancer,  i 

K.D.  *« 

K.E.  " 

K.F.  •* 

K.G.  •« 

K.H.  "  ,  6 

II 
12 

KJ.  "  .it 

K.K. 

K.L.  Riedesel.     Letters  and  Journal  of  Madame 

Stone's  Translation. 
K.M.  Riedesel.     Memoirs,  Letters  and  Journal  of 

Gen.     Stone's  Translation.  i 

K.N.  Idem. 

K.O.  Rivington's  Royal  Gazette.     Oct.  13,  1781. 

K.P.  Royal  Kalendar  for  1787. 

K.R.  "     Military  Academy.     Records  of  the  — 

1741-1840.    Woolwich,  185 1. 
K.S.  "     Military  Chronicle, 

K.T.  Ruttenber's   Catalogue   of  Manuscripts   and 

Relics   in    Washington's    Head    Quarters, 

Newburgh. 


>4 


% 


Authorities.  xxxi 


Vol. 


K.U.  Ryerson's  Loyalists   of    America   and    their 

Times, 
K.V.  Sabine's  Loyalists  of  the  American  Revolu- 

tion, 
K.V.V.  Idem. 

K.W.  St.  Clair  Papers, 

K.X.  St.  Luc.     Journal  du    Voyage   de  M.  Saint 

Luc   de   la   Corne,   J:cr.,  dans  le  Navire 

L'Augu8te,cnl'an  1761.    2d  Ed.    Quebec, 

1863. 

K.Y.  Sanguinet.     Temoin    Oculalre  de   I'lnvasion 

du  Canada  par  Les    Bastonnois.     Journal 
de    M.— In  vol.  i,   Invasion  du   Canada, 
par  M.  I'Abbe  Verreau. 
K.Z.  Schomberg's  Naval  Chronology, 

L.A.  Schuyler.     Letter    Book    of    Gen.     Manu- 

script in  the  American  Antiquarian  Society's 
Library. 
L.B.  Simcoe's  Journal.     Ed.  of  1787. 

L.C.  Simpson's    Obituary    and    Records  for    the 

Counties  of  Lincoln,  Rutland,  and  North- 
ampton. 
L.D.  Smith's  History  of  Canada, 

L.E.  Stedman's  History  of  the  American  War,  i 

L.F.  Stark's  Memoir-and  Official  Correspondence 

of  Gen.  John  Stark. 
L.G.  Stewart's  Highlanders,  jl 

L.H.  Stone's  Life  of  Sir  William  Johnson, 

^'^'  "       Burgoyne's  Campaign  and  St.  Leger's 

Expedition. 


a 


2 


Xxxii  Authorities. 


Vol. 


L.J.  St6ne's  Life  of  Brant, 

L.K.  Stuart's  Three  Years  in  North  America, 

L.L.  "       Life  of  Jonathan  Trumbull,  Sen. 

L.M.  Swift's  History  of  Middlebury,  Vt. 

L.M.M.       Sylvester's    Saratoga    and     Kay-ad-ros-se-ra. 

An  Historical  address  delivered  at  Saratoga, 

July  4,  1876. 
L.N.  Tanguay's     Dictionnaire    Genealogique    deg 

Families  Canadiennes,  | 

^•0«  "       Manuscript    for    subsequent    vols,    of 

same,  in  the  Abbe  Tanguay's  possession, 

Ottawa,  Canada. 
L.P.  Tasse.   Les  Canadiens  de  I'Ouest,  par  Joseph,       i 

L.Q.  Trumbull's  Reminiscences  of  his  own  Times. 

L.R.  Tuttle's  History  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

L.S.  United  Service  Journal.      1830,  Part  1. 

L.T.  '«         «  4*  ,830,     »«     2. 

L.U.  *'         '*  «  ,835,     *t     ,. 

L.V.  "        «  ..  ,835,     -     3. 

L.X.  "  "  Magazine.  1865,     »*     3. 

L.Y.  «*  «•  it  ,868,     «     I. 

L.Z.  "  "  «  ,869,    "     2. 

MA.  "  ««  »«  ,876,     "     2. 

M.B.  «*  «  «.  ,878,     «     2. 

M.C.  Universal  Magazine.  London,                             45 

M.D.  "  "  « 

M.E.  "  "  a 

M.F.  «       «  «t  :^ 

M.G.  *»  ««  (t  g 


Authorities, 


XXXlll 


M.H. 
M.I. 
M.J. 
M.K. 


M.L. 

M.M. 

M.N. 

M.O. 

M.P. 

M.P.P. 

M.Q. 

M.R. 

M.S. 

M.T. 

M.U. 

M.V. 

M.W. 

M.X. 


Universal  Magazine.     London, 


ti 


<t 


« 


II 


(I 


Upham's  Memoir  of  Gen.  John  Glover.  [In 
vol.  5,  of  the  Historical  Collections  of  the 
Essex  Institute.] 

Vermont,  Records  of  the  Governor  and  Coun- 
cil of. 

Idem 
*'         Historical  Magazine, 
Verreau's  Invasion  du  Canada, 
Walpole.     Letters  of  Horace, 
Washington's  Writings,  by  Sparks, 
Watson's  History  of  Essex  County,  N.  Y. 

"         Pioneer  History  of  the  Champlain 
Valley. 

Westminster  Abbey  Registers.     Edited  by  J. 

L.  Chester. 
Wilkinson'  Memoirs  of  my  own  Times. 
Willett's  Narrative. 
Wilson's  Orderly  Book. 
Wisconsin   Historical  Society's  Collections, 
Wrottesley.  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Field 

Marshal  Sir  John  Burgoyne,  Bart.,  by  his 

«on.in-law,   Lieut.   Col.   the  Hon.  George 

Wrottesley,  Royal  Engineers. 


Vol. 
62 

63 

64 


1 

t 

I 

I 

6 
8 


AN  EXPLANATORY  CHAPTER, 

By  the  Editor. 


On  the  loth  of  August,  1875,  the  editor  pur- 
chased of  Mr.  J.  W.  Bouton,  the  well  known 
bookseller  of  New    York,   two   moroceo    book 
formed   cases,  which   had  just  been  received  by 
him  from  Mr.  Henry  Stevens,  of  London.     They 
were  nearly  eight  inches  high,  about  five  inches 
wide,  and  contained  eight  pocket  memorandum 
books   two  of  which  were  a  manuscript  journal 
kept  bv  Lieut.  James  M.  Hadden  of  the  Royal 
Artillery,    from    his    embarkation    for    Canada 
March   4,    1776,   to   the  close  of  the  battle  of 
freeman's  Farm,  Sept.  19,  1777;  Lieut.  Hadden 
having  served  under  Gen.  Carleton  in  Canada  in 
1776,  and    participated  in  Burgoyne's  campaign 
the  following  year.     The  other  six  memorandum 
books   were  filled  with   copies   of  orders  issued 
during  1776,  1777,  and   the  early  part  of  1778. 
Inside  the  cover  of  one  of  the  journal  volumes 
Mr.  Stevens  has  written  a  few  lines  of  descrip- 
tion, and,  after  noting  what  they  are,  he  goes  on 
as  follows  : —  ^ 

"I  bought  them  in  1873  of  Hall  Pringle,  Esq., 
34  Bessborough  Gardens,  Pimlico,  London,  to- 


xxxvi  Explanatory  Chapter,  , 

gether  with  6  MS.  Orderly  Books,  ^77(>-^777t 
kept  by  the  same  Capt.  Hadden.  These  8  vol- 
umes were  formerly  in  the  possession  of  Wm. 
Cobbett. 

Henry  Stevens 

4  Trafalgar  Square,  London 
Aug.  12,  1874." 

Immediately  upon  acquiring  these  volumes  the 
editor  addressed  a  note  to  Hall  Pringle  Esq.,  ask- 
ing for  any  information  he  might  be  able  to 
afford  in  regard  to  them,  or  their  former  owner- 
ship; but  the  enquiry  failed  to  elicit  a  reply. 
The  journal  contains  inherent  proof  of  its  authen- 
ticity, and  it  is  here  printed  in  full,  with  its  maps, 
just  as  it  is,  without  any  misleading,  so  called 
emendations  or  corrections,  in  order  that  the 
reader  may  have  the  full  benefit  of  his  own  con- 
clusions as  to  what  manner  of  man  Lieut.  Had- 
den was,  so  far,  at  least,  as  can  be  deduced  from 
his  work. 

The  handwriting  of  the  journal,  a  page  of 
which,  reproduced  in  fac-simile,  serves  as  the 
frontispiece  for  this  volume,  corresponds  exactly 
with  Lieut.  Hadden's  signature  to  the  Cambridge 
Parole.  All  cuts  and  maps  to  be  found  in  this 
volume,  are  fac- similes  of  the  drawings  and  maps 
contained  in  Lieut.  Hadden's  journal. 

Though  the  Orderly  Books  are  not  in  Lieut. 
Hadden's  writing,  yet  they  have  corrections  by 


Explanatory  Chapter,        xxxvii 

him,  and,  from  their  contents,  it  is  clear  that  they 
were  copied  by  an  orderly  sergeant  or  a  company 
clerk  for  the   use  of  an  artillery  officer.     They 
are  respectively  entitled  on  the  covers  :  «  Orders 
Canada,  1776,  Part  i."    Same,  '^Part  2."    ^'Or- 
ders America,    1777."      ''Extracts  from  General 
Orders  m  Canada  by  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  General 
Burgoyne  &c  in   1776   and  1777..    Also  Orders 
ajter  the  Convention  in  New  England:'     Two  are 
duplicates,  and  are  entitled  ''Extracts  from  the 
Brigade    Orders   of   Major    General    Phillips   in 
Canada  ^r,"  but  the  orders  therein  are  not  con- 
fined to   Canada,  as  some  of  them  were  issued 
upon  Burgoyne's  campaign.     All  the  orders  con- 
tained in  these  Orderly  Books  are  not  printed  in 
this  volume,  but   only  those  that  are  not  to  be 
found  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book «,  or  are  not 
to  be  found  there  entire. 

As  this  work  will  chiefly,  if  not  solely,  interest 
the  historical  student,  much  care  has  been  taken 
to  give  the  reader  detailed  information  to  enable 
him  to  judge  of  its  genuineness,  and  its  value  as  a 
contribution  to  history.  The  greater  pains  has 
been  taken  in  this  respect,  because  Burgoyne's 
Orderly  Book  purports  to  have  been  "printed  from 
the  original  manuscript  deposited  at  Washington's 

«.     Orderly  Book  of  Lieut.Gcn.  John    original  n.ann«:ript  depo«ted  at    W..I,. 

of    New    York    until     hit   surrender    at    Edited    bv    E     B     fi'f  .lu  k         Zi  A 
Saratoga.  i6th  Oct..   ,777.     Fron,    th.    SlSy.    'j.  M.^!^  Si^'""'    **-°' 


XXXV iii       Explanatory  Chapter, 

Head-Quarters,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. ;  "  *  whereas  a 
comparison  of  the  Hadden  orders  with  those 
contained  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book,  satisfied 
the  editor  of  this  volume  that  that  work  was  not 
only  not  printed  from  the  original  manuscript, 
but  was  printed  from  an  extremely  defective  copy 
of  it:  a  conclusion  strongly  confirmed  by  a 
critical  examination  of  the  so  called  "original 
manuscript "  itself  The  alleged  "  original  man- 
uscript "  has  more  or  less  words  and  phrases 
stricken  out  and  others  interlined,  just  such 
errors  as  an  inexpert  copyist  would  be  liable  to 
make,  and  presents  a  general  appearance  that  at 
once  raises  in  the  mind  a  question  of  its  genuine- 
ness ;  unless,  indeed,  Burgoyne's  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's office  was  incompetently  conducted, —  a 
presumption  entirely  without  proof,  and  which 
Major  Kingston's  experience  and  reputation 
would  seem  to  forbid.  As  the  general,  or  his 
adjutant-general  under  his  direction,  composed 
the  orders  which  were  carefully  copied  into  the 
Orderly  Book  by  a  clerk  for  preservation  and 
reference,  an  Headquarters  Orderly  Book  would 
present  a  neat  and  precise  appearance.  The 
following  extracts  from  Major  James'  Military 
Dictionary,  show  clearly  the  mode  of  proceeding 

b.     Mr.  E.  M.  Ruttenber,  in  referring  N.  Y.,   with  Historical  Sketch   prepared 

to    the    nianascript    Burgoyne    Orderly  for  the  Trustees,  under  Act  of  May  1 1, 

Book,  No.  53,  page  27,  of  hit  "  Cata-  1874,"  says: — "This    is   the    Original 

logae    ot    Manuscripts    and    Relict    in  Order  Book." 
Washington's  Head-Quarters,  Newburgh, 


Explanatory  Chapter.         xxxix 

in  issuing  orders  and  multiplying  copies  of  them 
in  the  British  army  a  hundred  years  ago      "Gen- 
eral Orders,"  he    says,  "  are    such  as  are  issued 
out  by  the  general  who  commands,  who  gives 
them   in   writing   to   the  adjutant-general,   who 
farst  sends  exact  copies  to  the  general  officers  of 
the  day,  and  distributes  them  at  his  own  quarters 
to  all  the  brigade-majors,  who  daily  go  to  head- 
quarters for  that  purpose,  where  they  write  down 
everything  that  is  dictated  to  them:  from  thence 
they  go  and   give   the   orders,  at  the  place  ap- 
pointed for  that  purpose,  to  the  different  majors 
or  adjutants   of  the  regiments   which    compose 
that  brigade,  who   first   read  them  to  their  col- 
onels   and    lieutenant-colonels,    or    majors,    and 
dien  dictate  them  to  the  Serjeants  of  companies. 
Thip  IS   more   frequently   done  by  the  scrjeant- 
major.     The  different  Serjeants  write  them  cor- 
rectly down  in    their  respective    orderly-books, 
and  bring  them  to  all  the   officers  belonging  to 
the  company.     *     *     * 

"  Orderly  non-commissioned  officers,  are  those 
who  are  orderly,  or  on  duty  for  the  week;  who, 
on  hearing  the  drum  beat  for  orders,  are  to  re' 
pair  to  the  place  appointed  to  receive  them, 
and  to  take  down  in  writing,  in  the  orderly 
book,  what  is  dictated  by  the  adjutant  or  ser- 
jeant-major;  they  are  then  immediately  to  show 
those  orders  to  the  officers  of  the  company,  and 
afterwards  warn  the  men  for  duty. 


xl  Explanatory  Chapter, 


«i 


*Orderly-^0(?/^.  Every  company  has  such  a 
book  in  which  the  Serjeants  write  down  both 
general  and  regimental  orders  for  the  specific  in- 
formation of  the  officers  and  men.  This  book 
is  provided  and  paid  for  by  the  captains  of  com- 
panies." 

Then,  too,  in  the  printed  Burgoyne*s  Orderly 
Book  are  parts  of  orders,  that  are  not  to  be 
found  in  the  "original  manuscript"  at  all,  but 
which  have  been  taken  verbatim  and  unacknowl- 
edged, from  a  work  published  in  London,  in  1780, 
entitled  "  A  Supplement  to  the  State  of  the  Ex- 
pedition from  Canada,  containing  General  Bur- 
goyne's  Orders,  respecting  the  principal  move- 
ments and  operations  of  the  army  to  the  raising 
of  the  siege  of  Ticonderoga."  For  illustration 
of  this  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  order  herein- 
after  contained,  dated  Aug.  18,  1777,  and  to  that 
dated  Oct  3,  of  the  same  year.  The  omissions, 
likewise,  in  the  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book  sup- 
plied by  the  Hadden  Orderly  Books,  do  not  speak 
well  for  an  "  original  manuscript."  In  the  reg- 
ular course  of  procedure,  as  shown  by  James, 
there  must  have  been  a  considerable  number  of 
Orderly  Books  made  by  different  officers  for  Bur- 
goyne's army,  and  the  copy  at  Washington's 
Headquarters  was,  doubtless,  one  of  them  ;  but 
the  original  manuscript,  or  original  orderly  book, 
was  the  one  kept  in  the  office  of  Burgoyne's  adju- 
tant-general,  and  we  hazard  nothing    in   saying 


i. 


Explanatory  Chapter,  xli 

that  the  manuscript  orderly  book  at  Washington's 
Headquarters  in  Newburgh,  is  not  that  original 
one.  Mr.  E.  M.  Ruttenber,  of  Newburgh,  in- 
formed the  editor  that  the  Burgoyne's  Orderly 
Book  at  Washington's  Headquarters,  formerly 
belonged  to  Gen,  James  Clinton,  who  lived  and 
died  at  Little  Britain,  about  eight  miles  from 
Newburgh,  N.  Y.  After  his  death  his  books 
and  papers  passed  to  his  son,  James  G.  Clinton, 
in  whose  hands  they  remained  until  his  death, 
when  they  were  temporarily  removed  to  the 
residence  of  a  friend.  They  subsequently  went 
to  James  Clinton  Bolton,  a  grandson  of  Gen. 
James  Clinton,  by  whom  they  were  presented, 
with  a  number  of  other  papers,  to  Washington's 
Headquarters. 

James  Murray  Hadden,  the  writer  of  the  jour- 
nal alluded  to,  was  a  son  of  Capt.  John  Hadden 
of  the  Royal  Marines.'  He  entered  the  Royal 
Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  as  a  gentleman 
cadet,  April  2,  1771,  and  was  commissioned  a 
2d  lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery 
Jan.  26,  1774,  and  assigned  to  the  Second  Bat- 
talion, then  serving  at  Gibraltar  and  Minorca.*  *' 
While  holding  this  rank  he  embarked  at  Eng- 
land, in  a  government  transport,  for  Quebec, 
March  4,  1776,  and  landed  at  his  place  of  desti- 
nation on  the  1 2th  of  July  following.  In  Oct. 
of  that  year,  he  had  command  of  a  gunboat  on 
Lake  Champlain  in  the  naval  affair  which  ended 


xlii  Explanatory  Chapter, 

in  the  destruction  of  the  greater  part  of  Gen. 
Benedict  Arnold's  flotilla.  The  next  spring  he 
participated  in  Burgoyne's  campaign.  When 
the  army  arrived  at  Ticonderoga  he  and  three 
non-commissioned  officers  and  thirty  men  were 
detached  from  Capt.  Borthwick's  company,  and 
with  this  detachment  he  served  throughout  the 
campaign  ;  the  remainder  of  the  company,  with 
Capt.  Borthwick  and  First  Lieut.  Barnes,  being 
left  at  Ticonderoga  to  do  garrison  duty.  July 
26th,  Lieut.  Hadden  with  his  detachment, 
together  with  the  rest  of  the  artillery,  and  an  in- 
fantry force  under  Lieut.-Col.  Anstruther  of 
the  62d  Foot,  were  dispatched  to  capture  Fort 
George, — a  task  easily  accomplished,  as  the 
Americans  abandoned  it  at  the  approach  of  the 
British.  July  30th,  Lieut.  Hadden,  with  his  de- 
tachment, was  ordered  to  join  Capt.  Thomas 
Jones'  company  in  the  Right  Wing  of  the  army, 
and  to  this  company  he  was  attached  during  the 
rest  of  the  campaign.  At  the  battle  of  Freeman's 
Farm,  Sept.  19th,  Lieut.  Hadden  fired  the  first 
shot  from  the  main  body  of  the  British  army; 
and,  during  the  early  part  of  that  bloody  action, 
his  detachment  served  two  guns  on  the  left  of  the 
62d  Regiment.  Of  twenty-two  artillerists  under 
him,  nineteen  were  shortly  either  killed  or 
wounded,  and  while  he  was  applying  to  Gen. 
Hamilton  for  a  supply  of  infantry  to  work  his 
guns,    his  cap  was   shot   through  at    the  front. 


A) 


Explanatory  Chapter,  xliii 

Being  referred   to    Gen.    Phillips  he  obtained  a 
reinforcement,  with  Capt.  Jones  to  aid  him  ;  but 
the  captain  soon   fell  mortally  wounded    into  his 
arms,    all    the     reinforcement   were    killed    or 
wounded,   and   the    Americans   swept    over    the 
ground   and  captured  the  guns, -Lieut.  Hadden 
narrowly  escaping  being  taken  a  prisoner.    Later 
m  the  day  the   guns    were  re-captured.*     Capt 
Jones,  and   Lieuts.    Hadden    and   Reid,   of  this 
company,   were  handsomely   mentioned  in  Gen. 
Fhillips    official  report  of  the  artillery's  share  in 
the  engagement.^     These  details    have,   for  the 
most  part,  been  gathered  from  Lieut.  Hadden's 
own  narrative. 

Though  the  reason  of  his  journal's  terminating 
with    the   account   of    the  battle    of  Freeman's 
1^ arm    is   unknown   to    us,  yet  it  is  highly  prob- 
able that  the  press  of  duties  devolving  upon  him 
by  the  death  of  his  captain,  he  being  the  ranking 
subaltern   in  the  company,  prevented  its  further 
continuance.     Lieut.    Hadden  became  a  prisoner 
at  the  surrender  at  Saratoga,  and  his  name  is  at- 
tached to  the  Cambridge  Parole      When  he  was 
exchanged  is  unknown,  except  that  it  must  have 
been  before  the  the  close  of  1781,  as  his  name  is 
tound   in  Gaines  Universal    Register  for   1782 

page   113   in  the   Brigade  of  Artillery  under  Si^ 
Henry  Clinton. 

He   became  a   ist  lieutenant  in   the   artillery 
July  7,  1779,  and  adjutant  of  the  First  Battalion 


xliv  Explanatory  Chapter, 

April    4,   1783,   his   successor   having   been    ap- 
pointed March   15,  1793-     ^^  ^^^  promoted  to 
be  a  captain-lieutenant,   March  7,  1784,  and  a 
captain  Aug.    15.    i793'»  ^^^  being  No.  i  com- 
pany, 2d  Battalion,  now  "7"  Battery,  21st  Brig- 
ade.    The  Royal   Horse    Artillery    was  formed 
in  1793,  Troops  A  and  B  having  been  ordered  in 
January  of  that  year,  and  Troops  C   and  D  in 
the  following  November,  and  Capt.  Hadden  was 
appointed  to  Troop  D.*     As  the  Horse  Artillery 
was   officered  with  great  care,  the  selection    of 
Capt.  Hadden  for  the  command  of  a  troop  in  it, 
speaks  well  for  his  merit.     He  was    also  during 
the    year    1793,    according    to     the    Gtntleman's 
Magazine\  selected  by  the  Duke  of  Richmond, 
then  Master-General  of  the  Ordnance,  as  his  sec-  . 
retary.     He  became  a  major  in  the  army  March 
I,  1794*,  and  about  this  time,  or  a  little  later,  he 
served  on  the  home  staff,  as  his  successor  as  brig- 
ade major-general  to  the  forces  in  the  Southern 
District,    under    the  command  of  Sir    Charles 
Grey,    was   gazetted    Sept.    10,    1796.^     He  re- 
ceived  the    local  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in 
Portugal  only,  Nov.    30,  1796,  and  he  became  a 
lieutenant-colonel  in  the  army,  April  9,   1797. 
There  seems  to  be  some  confusion  in  regard  to 
the  record  of  his  appointments  about  this  time. 
The  last  two  dates   are  from  the    Army    Lists, 
which    are,  of  course,    the    highest    authority. 
Kane,  in    his  Artillery    List,  states.—"  He  was 


Explanatory  Chapter.  xlv 

brevetted  Lieut-Colonel  9  Apr.  1797,  out  of  the 
regular  course  of  succession,  as  Deputy  Quarter 
Master  General  to  the  Forces  ;"  and  the  London 
Gazette,  under  date  of  Sept.  5,  1797,  gives  the 
promotion  of  ''  Major  James  Hadden,  of  the 
royal  artillery,  to  be  adjutant  general  to  the  army 
serving  in  Portugal,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  army,  vice  Sir  James  St.  Clair 
Erskine,  resigned."  He  was  certainly  adjutant- 
general  in  Portugal,  but  exactly  when,  or  for 
how  long,  is  not  perfectly  clear. 

His  subsequent  promotions  were  as  follows: 

major  in  the  artillery  Aug.  i,  1800  ;  lieut-colonel 
therein,   Oct.    14,    1801  ;    colonel  in   the  army 
Oct.   30,   1805;    in  the  artillery  June   i,   1806; 
and  major-general  June    4,   1811.      From  June 
16,  1801,  to  Nov.  8,  J  804,  he  served  as  secretary 
to  the  Master-General  of  the  Ordnance  ;  and  from 
July  5,  1804,  to  July  3,  18 10,  as  Surveyor-Gen- 
eral of  the  Ordnance.* '    He  died  at  Harpenden 
Oct.  28,  1 8 17.7    He  must  have  been  an  officer  of 
great  merit,  or  he  would  never  have  received  the 
several  staff  appointments  he  held,  at  a  time  too, 
when  Capt.  Duncan  tells  us,  "  it  was  too  often 
made  a  great  favor  on  the  part  of  the  Master- 
General  to  allow  officers"  (of  the  Royal  Artillery) 
"  to  be  so  employed."     When  he  was  appointed 
Surveyor-GeneraloftheOrdnance— the  third  offi- 
cer in  rank  in   that  important  department — he 


xlvi  Explanatory  Chapter, 

was   only  a   licut.-colonel,    and  he  succeeded  a 
lieut.-general. 

Though  sketches  of  those  referred  to  in  the 
Journal  and  Orders,  will  be  given  in  foot  notes, 
or  the  appendix,  yet  a  brief  comprehensive  view  of 
the  personnel  of  Burgoyne's  officers,  indicating 
the  character  and  composition  of  his  army,  may 
not  be  without  interest.  When  it  is  considered 
that,  even  at  the  outset,  Burgoyne's  whole  force, 
including  the  sick,  did  not  exceed  8,000  men, 
only  about  half  of  whom  were  British  regulars, 
it  must  be  admitted  that  rarely  has  so  brilliant  an 
array  of  British  officers  been  marshalled  under 
one  commander,  as  that  which  followed  Burgoyne 
across  Champlain,  on  his  memorable  expedition 
of  1777.  Among  them  were  several  English 
and  Scotch  lords  ^,  four  members  of  the  House 
of  Commons  f',  and    upwards   of  thirty,  not  in- 

c.     Thete  were : —  ».  Alexander    Lindtay,    Earl   of  Bal- 

I.  Charles  Stanhope.   Vwcount  Peter-  carres,    a    Scotch     peer,     who    WitS     the 

(ham,  who  was  a  captain  in  the   a9th  major  of  the  5  3d  Foot. 
Foot.    He  was  only  a  titular  Viscount,  as  3.  James  Sandilands,  Lord  Torpichen, 

his  father  was  still  living.     Earls    eldest  a    Scotch    Baron,    who   was    a    second 

ions  bear  a  viKounty   by   courtesy,   and,  lieutenant   in    the    aist    Foot,   or  Royal 

like    the    eldest   sons    of    Dukes    and  North  Britisli  Fuzileers. 
Marquises,    take   one,   or    other,    of  the         4.   Francis     Napier,    Lord    Napier,    a 

various    secondary     titles     which     their  Scotch   Baron,   who  was  a  lieutenant  in 

Others  enjoy;  and,    in   general,  assume  the    3iBt     Foot."     [»C.     Y.     ao»-ao6. 

that   which   is    next    in    degree   to    the  >A.  S  :  B.  H.] 
highest,  except  in  cases   where  the  first 

and  second,  though  of  different  degrees         d.     These  were : — 
in  the  peerage,  are  identical  in   name.'  ist,  Lieut.-Gen.  John  Burgoyne,  M.P. 

Thus    Charles     Stanhope's    father   was  for  Preston,  in  Lancaster. 
Earl  of  Harrington,  Viscount  Petersham,         ad.  Maj.-Gen.  William  Phillips,  M.P. 

and    Baron    Harrington ;   and    Charles,  for  Boroughbridge,  in  York, 
therefore,  took  by  courtesy,  the  title  of         3d.  M'ajor  John    Dyke  Acland,   M.P. 

Viscount  Petcnham.  for  Callington,  in  Cornwall. 


u 


Explanatory  Chapter,  xlvii 

eluding  the  Germans,  who  subsequently  became 
general  officers.^ 


4th.  Captain,  the  Viscount  Peteriham, 
MP.    for    Westminitter,  in    Middleiex. 

Ai  none  of  the  Scotch  Lords  with 
Burgoyne  were  representative  peers,  in 
1777,  they  then,  of  course,  had  no  seats 
in  the  House  of  Lords.  Wilicinson 
is  mistaken,  in  his  Memoirs,  when,  in 
spealcing  of  Sii  Francis  Carr  Gierke,  he 
says,  "  Sir  Francis  *  *  was,  I  think, 
a  member  of  Parliament."  Sir  Francis 
never  had  a  seat  in  Parliament,  though 
there  was  a  Sir  Phillip  Jennings  Gierke 
in  the  House  ofConmons  in  1777,  as 
well  as  prior  and  subsequent  thereto. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  William  Gordon  in  the 
second  volume  of  his  History  of  the 
American  War,  page  578,  says, — 
*'  Among  the  prisoners  taken  were  six 
members  of  Parliament."  As  Gordon's 
History  was  published  in  1788,  many 
writers  have  since  followed  his  state- 
ment. Gordon,  however,  it  is  believed, 
is  in  error,  as  there  is  a  contemporaneous 
paper,  to  be  found  in  the  New 
Hampshire  State    Papers,   vol.    8,   page 


708,  entitled,  "  Account  of  the  British 
army  under  the  command  of  Oen'l 
Burgoin,  who  was  entirely  defeated  by 
our  brave  Americans,"  which  is  supposed 
to  have  been  forwarded  or  presented  by 
Col.  Langdon  to  the  New  Hampshire 
authorities,  the  very  first  item  of  which 
is  as  follows,  vis  :  — **  General  Burgoyne 
and  staff,  among  which  were  four 
members  of  Parliament." 

The  editor  of  this  work,  after  a 
diligent  search  of  various  authorities,  is 
unable  to  find  more  than  the  four 
M.P  's  enumerated  at  the  beginning  of 
this  note;  though  a  number  of  Bur- 
goyne's  ofiicen  were  subsequently  mem- 
bers.  In  1777  there  were  several 
members,  other  than  those  above  men- 
tioned, bearing  the  names  of  some  of 
Burgoyne's  officers,  but  they  were,  never- 
theless, not  those  olficen,  if  the  notes  to 
Beatson's  Chronological  Register  arc 
reliable  authority,  as  they  are  believed  to 
be.      [A.  N.  59,  60,   132,  150,  jio.j 


(.  The  following  list  of  officers  on  Burgoyne's  campaign,  who  became  general 
officers  in  the  British  army,  gives  the  rank  they  held  at  the  beginning  of  that  cam- 
paign, and  the  date  of  their  promotion  as  general  officen  in  the  highest  grade  they 
attained.  The  regimental  figures  in  all  cases  refer  to  regiments  of  foot,  unleaa 
otherwise  stated. 

Oenirals. 

Henry  Watson  Powell,  Lt.-Col.  53d,  and  Brig.-Oeneral,  Jan.  i,  1801. 

JIames  Hamilton,  Lt.-Gol.  list,  and  Brig.-General,  April  29,  180a. 

Earl  of  Balcarres,  Major  53d,  .         Sept.  25,  1803. 

Earl  of  Harrington 

[Lord  Petersham],Capt.  29th,  and  A.  D.  C,  Sept.  25,  1803. 

William  ShirreflT,  Capt.  47th,  Sept.  25,  1803. 

Gordon  Forbes,  Major  9th,  Jan.  i,  1812. 

Paulus  iCmilius  Irving,Major  47th,  Jan.  i,  1812. 

Ellis  Walker,  Capt.  Royal  Artillery,  Jan.  i,  1812. 

William  Maxwell,  Capt.  20th,  an.  i,  1812. 

James  Henry  Craig,       Capt.  47th,  an.  i,  1812. 

Alexander  Campbell,     Capt.  62d,  Jan.  1,  181 2. 
\    John  Money,                 Capt.  9th,  and  Dep.  QV  Muter  General,      June  4,  18 14. 


xlviii  Explanatory  Chapter. 

Burgoyne  himself  was  a  polished  gentleman  of 
good  family.  He  was  connected  with  the  aris- 
tocracy, having  married  a  daughter  of  the 
eleventh  Earl  of  Derby.  He  was  an  ambitious 
writer,  and  a  popular  dramatist.  He  was  an 
effective  speaker,  and  had  taken  an  active  part  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  of  which  he  was  then  a 
member.  He  was,  withal,  a  gallant  cavalry 
commander  that  had  seen  service,  and,  by  a  bold 
and  successful    dash  in   Portugal,  had  won  much 


John  A.  Harris,  Capt.  34th, 

Richard  Rich  Wilford,  Lieut.  2d,  and  A.  D.  C, 
Capt.  3i8t,  and  A.  D.  C, 
Capt.-Lieut.  Royal  Artillery, 
Lieut,  Royal  Engineers, 
Ensign  Z4th, 


Charles  Green, 
Thomas  Blomeiield, 
William  Twiss, 
Quia  John  Freeman, 


June  4,  1 8 14. 
June  4,  1 8 14. 
Aug.  12,  1819. 
Jan.  19,  1821. 
May  17,  1825. 
July  22,  1830. 


LlEOTBNANT    GeNERALS. 


Col.  1 6th  Dragoons,  Maj.  Gen.  in  the  army 

and  Lieut.-Gen.  in  America,  Aug.  29,  1777. 

Capt.  47th,  Sept.  25,  1863. 

Capt   Roys!  Artillery,  Jan.  i,  1805. 

Lieut.  62d,  June  4,  1813. 

Ensign  47th,  June  4,  18 14. 

Lieut.  20th,  Aug.  12,  18 19. 

Lieut.  24th,  Aug.  12,  1 8 19. 

2d  Lieut.  Royal  Artillery,  Aug.  12,  18 19. 

2d  Lieut.  Royal  Artillery,  July  19,  1821. 

Major  Generals. 
William  Phillips,  Major  Royal  Artillery,  Colonel  in  the  army. 


John  Burgoyne, 

Richard  England, 
William  Borthwick, 
Gonville  Bromhead, 
William  Buchanan, 
Daniel  O'Meara, 
William  Doyle, 
Edward  Howarth, 
Samuel  Rimington, 


Mackay  Hugh  Baillie, 
John  Barnes, 
John  Keymis, 
James  M.  Hadden, 
Robert  Kingston, 


and  Maj.  Gen.  in  America, 
Lieut.  20th, 

1st  Lieut.  Royal  Artillery, 
Lieut.  9th, 

2d  Lieut.  Royal  Artillery, 
Capt.   of  Invalids,  Maj.    in   the  army,  and 

Dep.  Adj.  Gen., 


Aug.  29,  1779. 
Jan  I,  1798- 
Oct,  25,  1809. 
June  4,  1811. 
June  4,  181 1. 

June  4,  1 8 14. 


It  ii,  by  no  means.  Improbable  that  some  of  Burgoyne's  officers  who  attained  the 
rank  of  major-general,  or  higher,  have  been  omitted  in  the  preceding  lists.  [B.  Ht 
A.  T.  118  etfott:    F.  O.] 


Explanatory  Chapter,  xlix 

prestige.  Such  a  leader  naturally  attracted  a 
brilliant  staff.  His  adjutant-general  was  after- 
wards a  major-general  ;  and  his  quarter-master 
general,  Capt.  John  Money,  and  one  of  his  aids, 
Lieut.  Richard  Rich  Wilford/,  subsequently  be- 
came generals  in  the  army,  the  latter  likewise 
becoming  an  aid-de-camp  to  the  king.  His  sec- 
retary, Capt.  Sir  Francis  Carr  Gierke,  was  a 
baronet  who  was  esteemed  one  of  the  most 
promising  young  officers  in  the  service,  and  who 
proved  his  heroism  with  his  life,  which  he  lost 
at  the  battle  of  Bemus'  Heights.  His  super- 
numerary aid-de-camp,  Capt.  Charles  Stan- 
hope, Viscount  Petersham,  afterwards  the  third 
Earl  of  Harrington,  had,  in  his  veins,  "  noble 
blood  enough  to  have  inoculated  half  the  king- 

/.   Richard  Rich  Wilford    entered  the  of  Light  Dragoons;   and    April   2,  1794, 

British  army  Oct.  4,  1770,  as  an  ensign  he  exchanged    into  the    3d,  or    Prince  of 

in  the   2d,  or   Queen's   Royal   Regiment  Wales'    Regiment  of   Dragoon    Guards, 

of  Foot,    which  was   then    stationed    at  He   became  a   colonel  in  the   army,  and 

Gibraltar;  and   he    was   promoted   to   a  aid-decamp  to  the  king,  Feb.  26,  1795 ; 

lieutenancy    Dec.    16,    1771.       He    ac-  and  a  brigadier  in  the  West  Indies  only, 

companied  Burgoyne,  as  an  aid  de-camp,  on  the    3d  of  the   following   September, 

to   America,  in    1775,    '77^  *"■!    '777»  He    was    commissioned    colonel    of  the 

returning  with  him  to   England,  ths  first  York  Hussars,  a  newly    raised    regiment 

twoyears,  to  spend  the  winter.   He  served  oi  light  dragoons,  July  i,  1796,  and  he 

throughout  Burgoyne's  camp.iign  ;  shared  became    a   major-general   Jan.    J,    1798. 

in  his  surrender;  and  signed    the   Cam-  His  regiment  was  reduced  in  1802,  when 

bridge     parole.      He  was    advanced  to  a  he  went  upon  half-pay,  but  returned    to 

captaincy    in    the    2d   Foot    March    26,  active  service  again  April  2,  1804,  as  the 

1778  ;  exchanged  into  the  9th  Dragoons  colonel  of  the   25th   (Light)    Dragoons. 

Aug.  20,    1782;  and    became    major   of  He    became    a    licut.  general    Jan.     i, 

the  3d  Horse,  or  Carabineers,  in  Ireland,  1805  ;  the  colonel  of  the  7th  (or  Princess   - 

May    6,    1783;  which    latter    regiment  Royal's)  Regiment  of    Dragoon  Guards^ 

subsequently   became  the    6th    Dragoon  Nov.  20,  1813  ;  ageneral  June  4, 1814; 

Guards.     Oct.    31,    1789,  he    was    pro-  and    he  died    in    Dec,    1822.      [B.  H  : 

moted  to  the  lieutenant-colonelcy  of  the  A.  T.  155  :  C.  V.  367.] 
8th,  or  the  King's  Royal  Irish  Regiment 

% 


1  Explanatory  Chapter. 

dom."  He  was  a  kinsman  of  the  celebrated 
Philip  Dormer  Stanhope,  fourth  Earl  of  Chester- 
field. Both  his  father  and  his  grandfather  had 
been  generals  in  the  army.  His  grandfather, 
the  first  Earl  of  Harrington,  had  likewise  been 
Lord  President  of  the  Council,  Secretary  of  State 
twice.  Viceroy  of  Ireland,  and  had  filled  several 
important  diplomatic  positions.  Through  his 
mother,  who  was  the  eldest  daughter  of  the 
second  Duke  of  Grafton,  he  was  directly  de- 
scended from  royalty,  as  his  great  grandfather, 
the  first  Duke  of  Grafton,  was  an  illegitimate 
son  of  Charles  H,  by  the  Duchess  of  Cleveland. 
Though  his  lineage  doubtless  gained  him  many 
honors,  he  seems  to  have  deserved  them,  and  he 
became  a  general  in  the  army,  and  the  colonel  of 
the  First  Regiment  of  Life  Guards,  besides 
holding  with  credit,  many  distinguished  civil 
and    military  positions. 

Burgoyne's  second  in  command.  Major  Gen- 
eral William  Phillips,  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  was 
likewise  at  this  time  a  member  of  Parliament. 
As  a  soldier  he  had  had  much  experience  and 
had  won  high  distinction  in  Germany.  He  ren- 
dered conspicuous  service  at  the  famous  battle  of 
Minden,  in  1759,  where  he  commanded  the 
British  artillery.  At  VVarberg,  the  next  year,  he 
astounded  every  one  by  bringing  up  the  artillery 
on  a  gallop  at  a  critical  moment,  which  then 
seemed, — so  unwieldy  was  the  movement  of  ar- 


Explanatory  Chapter.  li 

tillery  in  the  field  during  the  Seven  Years  War, — 
ahout  as  remarkable  as  transporting  artillery  in 
balloons  would  now  appear.  Gen.  Phillips'  staflF 
was  little  less  distinguished  than  that  of  his  chief. 
His  aid-de-camp,  Capt.  Charles  Green'' '°,  and 
his  chief  engineer,  Lieut.  William  Twiss,  both 
became  generals,  the  former  likewise  winning  a 
baronetcy  by  his  meritorious  services.  His 
major  of  brigade,  Capt.  Thomas  Blomefield  of 
the  Royal  Artillery,  afterwards  became  a  lieut.- 
general  in  the  army,  and,  in  1807,  commanded 
the  artillery  at  the  siege  and  capture  ot  Copen- 
hagen, for  which  he  was  thanked  by  both  Houses 
of  Parliament,  and  created  a  baronet. 

Burgoyne's  Brigadiers  were  tried  and  ex- 
perienced soldiers.  Simon  Fraser,  the  lieut.- 
colonel  of  the  24th  Foot,  who  commanded  the 
Advance,  or  Light,  Brigade,  was  an  object  of  ad- 
miration to  Burgoyne's  whole  army.  At  the 
battle  of  Bemus'  Heights,  on  the  7th  of  October, 
so  conspicuously  efficient  was  he  in  inspiriting 
the  British  troops,  that  the  Americans  deemed  his 
death  necessary  for  victory,  and  he  soon  fell  mor- 
tally wounded,  the  victim  of  one  of  Morgan's 
sharpshooters.  Burgoyne  said  of  the  deceased 
general  — "  As  a  soldier  I  avow  a  pride  in  having 
possessed  Brigadier  Fraser's  esteem.  *  *  * 
Devoted  to  glory  and  prodigal  of  life,  earnest  for 
the  general  success  of  the  campaign,  and  par- 
ticularly anxious  for  every  plan  adopted   by  the 


Hi  Explanatory  Chapter. 

man  he  loved,  he  grudged  a  danger  or  care  in 
other  hands  than  his  own."  James  Hamihon, 
the  lieut.-coloncl  of  the  2ist,  or  Royal  North 
British  Fuzileers,  who  commanded  the  First 
Brigade,  and  John  Watson  Powell,  the  lieut.- 
colonel  of  the  53d,  who  commanded  the  Second 
Brigade,  had  both  been  soldiers  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  and  both  afterwards  became  gen- 
erals in  the  army.  As  the  latter  was  posted  at 
Ticonderoga  at  the  time  of  Burgoyne's  surrender, 
he  escaped  the  fate  of  his  chief. 

The  Earl  of  Balcarres,  who  commanded  the 
light  infantry  companies  in  Eraser's  Brigade,  suc- 
ceeded to  the  command  of  that  brigade,  and  also 
to  the  dead  Eraser's  regimental  rank.  He  like- 
wise became  a  distinguished  soldier,  attained  the 
rank  of  general  in  the  army,  and  for  thirty  vears 
had  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Lords  as  one  of  the 
representative  peers  of  Scotland. 

Major  John  Dyke  Acland,  a  member  of  Par- 
liament, who  commanded  the  grenadiers  in  the 
Light  Brigade,  was  the  eldest  son  of  a  baronet 
who  traced  his  lineage  back,  it  is  said,  to  the 
middle  of  the  twelfth  century.  His  wife,  the 
third  daughter  of  the  first  Earl  of  Ilchester,  and 
one  of  the  most  romantic  figures  in  our  Revolu- 
tionary struggle,  accompanied  him  on  his  cam- 
paign. The  grenadiers  were  well  commanded 
for   desperate  fighting,  and   their  valor   is   illus- 


Explanatory  Chapter.  liii 

trated  by  a  sentence  from  Wilkinson,  who  was 
an  eye  witness,  and  who,  in  writing  of  the  battle 
of  Bemus'  Heights,  says — *'  In  the  square  space 
of  twelve  or  fifteen  yards  lay  eighteen  grenadiers 
in  the  agonies  of  death,  and  three  officers  propped 
up  against  stumps  of  trees,  two  of  them  mortally  . 
wounded,  bleeding,  and  almost  speechless."  One 
of  these  officers  was  Major  Acland,  who  was 
twice  wounded  on  Burgoyne's  campaign,  and 
who,  on  being  paroled  the  following  winter, 
returned  to  England,  with  a  shattered  constitution, 
to  linger  for  a  few  months,  for  he  died  before 
the  close  of  1778,  and  thus  prematurely  closed 
what,  had  life  been  prolonged,  could  hardly  have 
failed  to  have  been  a  brilliant  career..^ 

g.   The   family  of  Acland    is  of  great  where  Sir  Guy    Carleton,  on   the    6th  of 

antiquity.     Major    John    Dyke    Acland  June,    appointed    him  to   command   the 

was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Acland,  grenadiers.*       He    served    that    year    in 

Bart.,  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth, only  daughter  Canada,    and    participated  in  Burgoyne's 

and    heir    of  Thomas    Dyke,    Esq.,   of  campaign    the    following    year.       Com- 

Tetton,  in  Somersetshire.'     He  was  born  maiiding   the  grenadiers  he   was  ever  in 

February    21,    1747,=*    and    entered    the  the  advance,    and  was    wounded    at  the 

British   army   as    an  ensign    in  the    33d  battle  of  Hubbardton,   having  been  shot 

Foot,  March  23,    1774.     He    purchased  in  the  thighs ;    and,    again,  at    Bemus' 

speedy  promotion,   for,  being   allowed  to  Heights,  where  he  was    shot  through  the 

jump  the  grade  of  lieutenant,  he  was  ad-  thick  part  of  both  legs,  and  taken  pris- 

vanced  to  a  captaincy  in  the  33d,  March  oner.*-  7 

^S^i*  I77S»  *"^  '°  '***  m.ijoiity  of  the  Lady  Harriet  Acland,  who  was  born 
aoth  Foot,  on  the  i6th  of  the  following  January  3d,  1750,  accompanied  her 
December.3  In  1771,  he  married  husband  to  America ;  and  many  interest- 
Christian  Harriet  Caroline  Fox  Strang-  ing  detdils  about  the  major  and  his  wife 
ways,  third  daughter  of  the  first  Earl  of  are  to  be  found  in  the  State  of  the  Ex- 
Ilchesterj  the  Earl,  whose  family  surname  pedition,  Wilkinson's  .Memoirs,  Lamb's 
was  Fox,  having,  in  pursuance  of  a  deed  journal  of  the  American  War,  Mrs. 
of  settlement  on  his  marriage  with  the  General  Riedesel's  Journal  and  Letters, 
heiress  of  the  Strangways,  assumed  their  and  in  two  very  entertaining  articles  en- 
name  and  arms.'  titled    respectively,    "  Lady    and     Major 

Major  .Acland    accompanied   his  regi-  Acland,"  in  the    Magazine  of  American 

ment  to  Canada  in    the  spring  of   1776,  History  for  January,   1880,  and    "  Lady 


liv 


Explanatory  Chapter. 


Capt.  Alexander  Fraser,  a  nephew  of  Brigadier 
General  Fraser,  commanded  the  British  sharp- 
shooters, which  Burgoyne  denominates  "  the 
select  light  corps  of  the  army,  composed  of 
chosen  men  from  all  the  regiments,  and  com- 
manded by  Captain  Fraser,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished officers  in  his  line  of  service  that  ever 
I  met  with." 


Harriet  Acland,"  in  Upf'tncotd  Mag- 
atint  for  Oct.,  1879,  ^'^^  from  the  pen 
of  Mr.  William  L.  Stone.  Lady  Harriet 
bad  a  brother,  the  Hon.  Stephen  Digby 
Strangways,  who  wai  a  captain  in  the 
Xfth,  and  was  wounded  October  7,  1777, 
in  the  (ame  action  in  which  her  husband 
was  wounded.^ 

Geo.  Gates  thus  wrote  to  Gen.  Put- 
nam, at  appears  by  a  draft  of  a  letter 
found  among  the  Gates  Papers: — 

'•  Albany,  Z3d  Decern;  1777. 
*'  Dear  Sir  :  I  have  Granted  a  pass 
to  Major  Ackland,  and  His  Lady  The 
Honourable  Lady  Harriet  Ackland,  with 
their  servants  to  go  into  New  York, 
convinced  it  will  be  for  the  Interest  of 
the  United  Sutes  that  they  should  be 
permitted  to  go  there  in  their  way  to 
England,  with  all  convenient  Expedition. 
The  Major,  who  in  the  strictest  sense  of 
that  Character,  is  a  Man  of  Honour,  has 
promised  me  to  use  his  utmost  endeavours 
to  procure  the  Enlargement  of  Col. 
Ethan  Allen,  in  return  for  the  Indul- 
fcence  I  now  grant  Him,  and  his  Family. 
The  particular  situation  of  the  Honour- 
able Lady  Ackland,  makes  the  Major 
the  more  desirous  of  immediately  geting 
into  New  York  as  soon  as  possible. 
That  Favour  to  Her  Ladyship  at  this 
Critical  Juncture  will  the  mere  enhance 
the  Obligation,  and  be  the  strangest  in- 
ducement to  The  Major  to  exert  all  hit 
Idtered  to  procure  the  release   of  Col. 


Allen  and  his  restoration  to  his  afflicted 
Family.  I  beg  you  will  not  sufier  the 
Major  to  be  delayed  as  I  shall  directly 
upon  my  Arrival  at  Yorktown,  transmit 
you  their  Approbation  of  His  being  al- 
lowed to  pass  thither. 

"  I  am  Sir,  Sec, 

"  H.  G." 

The  major,  on  being  released,  at  once 
procieded  to  New  York  with  bis  wife, 
where  a  son  was  born  early  the  next 
years,  and  whence  they  returned  to  Eng- 
land. Major  Acland  represented  Cal- 
lington,  County  of  Cornwall,  in  Parlia- 
ment, at  the  time  of  his  death,  having 
been  elected  to  the  14th  Parliament, 
which  commenced  its  first  session  Nov. 
29th,  1774'°  J  and  his  parliamentary 
speeches  '  in  1775,  show  that  he  held 
pronounced  tory  views  in  regard  to  the 
American  war.  He  died  at  Pixton,  in 
Somersetshire,  Nov.  22d,  1778."  So 
many  contradictory  statements  have  been 
made  in  regard  to  hit  death,  that  a  con- 
temporaneous account,  taken  trom  the 
London  Chronicle  of  Dec.  5-8,  1778, 
and  seeming  to  bear  the  impress  of  au- 
thenticity, is  here  inserted  in  Aill.  and  it 
as  follows  :  — 

"  Saturday  last,  the  29th  ult.,  were 
interred  in  the  family  vault  at  Broadclift 
in  Devon,  amidst  the  tears  of  a  grateful 
country,  the  beloved  and  respected  remaint 
of  John  Dyke  Acland,  Esq.,  colonel  of 
the  first  regiment  of  Devonihire  militia 


Explanatory  Chapter. 


Iv 


Capt.  James  Henry  Craig,  of  the  47th,  one  of 
the  officers  entrusted  with  making  arrangements 
for  the  surrender  at  Saratoga,  who  was  wounded 
both  at  Bunker  Hill,  and  at  Hubbardton,  after- 
wards became  a  lieut.-general  in  the  army,  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  Governor 
General  of  Canada,  and  received  the  order  of  the 
Bath." 


and  Major  of  the  20th  regiment  of  foot. 
Such  untrue  accounts  have  been  circu- 
lated of  an  affiir  that  happened  with  a 
Mr.  Lloyd  previous  to  Col.  Ackland's 
last  fatal  illness,  that  it  becomes  nec- 
essary to  assure  the  Pu!)lic  the  dispute 
did  not  originate  from  a  private  quarrel 
or  misunderstanding.  Mr.  Lloyd  was 
not  of  Col.  Ackland's  acquaintance,  and 
absolute  necessity  could  only  reconcile 
such  a  measure  to  the  Colonel's  excellent 
understanding.  ,  Mr.  Lloyd  called  on 
him,  as  Colonel  of  the  ist  regiment  of 
Devonshire  militia,  to  answer  for  the 
corps  declining  his  company  at  the  public 
mess  before,  as  well  as  after,  the  Colonel's 
return  from  America,  which  he  consid- 
ered as  the  occasion  of  the  universal 
neglect  he  experienced.  In  consequence 
of  a  demand  so  extraordinary,  the  Colonel 
received  the  fire  of  a  pistol  from  Mr. 
Lloyd,  and  snapped  both  his  pistols  in 
return.  A  friend  of  Mr.  Lloyd's  then 
interposed,  and  Mr.  Lloyd  acknowledging 
he  had  no  personal  cause  of  complaint, 
and  was  sorry  for  what  had  happened, 
the  affair  thus  ended.  Col.  Ackland  re- 
turned home  by  the  usual  time  of  break- 
fast, and  was  amusing  himself  in 
directing  some  improvements  about  his 
place,  to  all  appearance  as  well  as  for 
tome  days  before,  when  he  was  seized 
to  suddenly,  that,  though  standing  be- 
tween his  particular  friends,  they  could 
not  prevent  his  receiving  injury  from  a 
fall.     After  this  seizure  there   remained 


little  hope,  though  he  continued  till 
the  fourth  day.  The  exertions  of  hit 
active  mind  and  the  severity  of  two 
American  campaigns  had  entirely  ex- 
hausted a  good  constitution,  and  hit 
fannily,  country,  and  fiends,  are  left  to 
lament  a  loss  that  must  forever  be  de- 
plored." 

Major  Acland  left  two  children,  named 
respectively,  John,  and  Elizabeth  Kitty, 
John  succeeded  his  grandfather  as  eighth 
baronet,  in  1785,  but  dying  the  same  year 
without  issue,  the  baronetcy  and  a  portion 
of  the  estates  reverted  to  his  uncle 
Thomas,  whose  grandson  is  the  present, 
or  eleventh  baronet.  The  daughter, 
Elizabeth  Kitty,  received  a  portion  of  the 
family  estates  at  her  brother's  death  j  and 
on  the  26th  of  April,  1796,  she  married 
Henry  George,  second  Earl  of  Carnar- 
von. She  died  the  5th  of  March,  1831, 
leaving  two  sons  and  three  daughters ; 
and  one  of  her  grandsons  is  the  fourth  or 
present  earl.' 

Lady  Harriet  Acland  died  July  11, 
18 1 5,  after  thirty-seven  years  of  widow- 
hood, for  she  never  married  again. 
Wilkinson,  in  his  Memoirs, vol.  I,  p.  377, 
and  Fonblanque,  in  his  biography  of 
Burgoyne,  page  302,  state  that  Lady 
Harriet  married  Chaplain  Brudenel,  who 
accompanied  her  on  her  night  adventure 
to  join  her  wounded  husband  after  the 
battle  of  Bemus'  Heights  ;  and  the  for- 
mer also  says  that  she  became  insane 
after  Major    Adand's  death.     Mr.   W. 


Ivi 


Explanatory  Chapter, 


The  British  artillery  with  Burgoyne  was  com- 
manded by  Major  Griffith  Williams,  who  attained 
the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  Royal  Regt.  of  Ar- 
tillery, and  who  commanded  the  artillery  at 
Gibraltar  during  the  latter  part  of  its  great  siege. 
Of  some  twenty-two  officers  of  the  Royal  Ar- 
tillery with  Burgoyne,  six  became  general  officers. 
One  of  them,  afterwards  Sir  Edward  Howarth, 
commanded  the  artillery  at  the  battles  of  Tala- 
vera,  Busaco,  and  Fuentes  d'Onor,  on  the  Penin- 
sula under  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  for  which 
he  was  rewarded  with  a  medal  with  two  clasps, 
and  made  a  Knight  Commander  of  the  Bath. 

The  Germans  with  Burgoyne  under  the  veteran 
Riedesel,  had  many  experienced  officers,  like  Gall, 
and  Specht,  and  Baum,  and  Breymann.  Rather 
than  surrender,  Baum  fought  infantry  with  the 
sabres  of  his  dismounted  dragoons  at  Bennington, 


L.  Stone,  however,  has  effectually  ex- 
ploded both  these  fictions,  in  the  arti- 
cles already  alluded  to.  Gen,  Gates, 
in  writing  to  his  wife,  said  of  Lady 
Harriet — "  She  is  the  most  amiable,  de- 
licate piece  of  quality  you  ever  beheld  "  j  " 
and  a  writer  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
says, —  "  the  person  of  her  Ladyship  was 
highly  polished  and  delicate,  and  her 
manners  elegantly  feminine. "'3 

Major  Acland  was,  undoubtedly,  one 
of  the  bravest  of  the  many  distinguished 
ofEcers  that  accompanied  Burgoyne  j  and 
the  fact  that  he  was  twice  wounded  in  a 
tingle  campaign,  shows  the  imminence  of 
his  danger.  Gen.  Gates  spoke  of  him,  as 
"  ■  learned  sensible  man  though  a  con- 


founded Tory.'"  The  Baroness  Riede- 
sel's  '*  reflection  upon  his  intemperate 
habits,  must,  probably,  be  taken  with  con- 
siderable allowance;  for,  otherwise,  he 
could  not  have  won,  and,  certainly,  could 
not  have  retained  the  favor  and  position  he 
seems  to  have  achieved.  His  gallantry 
with  his  ancient  lineage  and  powerful 
connections,  would  doubtless  have  rapidly 
pushed  him  onward  and  upward,  had  hii 
life  been  longer  spared.  ['B.  R.  *D, 
S.  I02.  3B.  H.  4F.  E.  8.  50.  332. 
6B.  N.  127.  7M.  T.  269.  "C.  X: 
G.  V.  176.  9H.  I.  294.  «oA.  N.  59, 
60.  "D.  V.  551.  "F.  W.  9.  '3E. 
L.    186.     MK.  L.  120.] 


Explanatory  Chapter,  Ivii 

till  mortally  wounded.^  Breymann  redeemed  his 
reputation,  sullied  by  his  failure  to  relieve  Baum, 
by  the  valor  with  which  he  defended  his  redoubt 
at  Bemus*  Heights,  and  which  was  only  cap- 
tured after  his  fall,  by  the  fiery  Arnold,  who  was 
wounded  in  the  assault. 

Though  the  Provincials  and  Canadians  with 
Burgoyne,  like  the  volunteers  in  our  late  civil 
war,  receive  but  slender  praise  from  the  regulars, 
yet  there  were  some  able  officers  among  them, 
like  the  brothers  Jessup,  Lieut.-Colonel  John 
Peters,  and  Capt.  Justin  Sherwood.  The  latter 
was  a  man  of  culture  and  commanded  a  company 
in  Peters'  Corps ;  and,  in  the  words  of  Burgoyne, 
"  was  forward  in  every  service  of  danger  to  the 
end  of  the  campaign."  Subsequently  he  was  one 
of  the  instrumentalities  Gen.  Haldimand,  the 
British  Governor  of  Canada,  used  in  his  attempt 
to  seduce  Ethan  Allen  and  many  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  Hampshire  Grants  from  their  allegi- 
ance to  the  American  cause. 

"  The  Canadians,"  Burgoyne  tells  us,  "  were 
officered  by  gentlemen  of  great  condition  in 
their  country."     M.  de  Lanaudiere,  a  Canadian 

h.     Riedesel,  in  writing  of  Baum  and  this  way  he  endeavoured  to  cut  his  way 

the  regiment  of  dragoons  at  the  battle  of  through  the  third  time ;"  and  Max  Von 

Bennington,  says^-"  Twice    he   cut  his  Eelking  adds,  "  but  bravery  was  now  in 

way  through  the  enemy.     None  of  the  vain,    and    tlie     heroic    leader,    himself 

dragoons  having  another  shot,  he  ordered  severely  wounded,  was  forced  to  surrender 

them  to  sling  their  guns  over  their  with  his  dragoons."  [K.  M.  131,  151.] 
shoulders  and   draw   their   swords.      In 


Iviii  Explanatory  Chapter, 

officer,  had  been  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  atd-de-camp 
a  year  and  a  half  before.  He  had  accompanied 
Sir  Guy  on  his  night  escape  from  Montreal  to 
Quebec,  who  had  thus  avoided  capture  by 
Montgomery, — an  escape  that  doubtless  prevented 
the  Americans  from  effecting  the  conquest  of 
Canada. 

Burgoyne's  Indians,  from  whom  so  much  was 
anticipated  and  so  little  realized,  were  under  La 
Come  St.  Luc,  in  Burgoyne's  words,  "  a  Canadian 
gentleman  of  honour  and  parts,  and  one  of  the 
best  partizans  the  French  had  last  war."  He 
had  been  present  at  Baron  Dieskau's  defeat  in 
1755  ;  and  in  the  French  expedition  against 
Fort  William  Henry,  in  1757,  ^^  ^*^  command 
of  the  Indians  of  the  Left  Column,  and  had 
witnessed  the  massacre  of  the  garrison,  after  its 
surrender.  He  was  with  Montcalm  on  the 
Plains  of  Abraham  when  defeated  by  Wolfe  ; 
and,  for  years  under  the  French  regime,  he  had 
been  Superintendent  of  the  Indians  in  Canada. 
The  second  in  command  of  Burgoyne's  Indians 
was  Charles  de  Langlade,  a  Canadian  officer  who 
had  projected  and  achieved  the  defeat  of  Gen. 
Braddock  with  some  of  the  very  nations  that 
served  under  Burgoyne.* 

f.     LetCMnatUtmi  detOuestfpar  Joteph  Mrs.  Sarah    Fairchild    Dean,   it    to    be 

Tatii,  vol.   I,  p.  73  [2  volf.  Montrea),  found    in    vol.    tii   of   the    Witcontin 

1878],  (onuins   a  memoir   of  Charles  Historical  Society's  Collections,  at   page 

de  Langlade,  a  translation  of  which,  by  1x3. 


Explanatory  Chapter.  lix 

The  strength  of  Burgoyne's  army  when  it 
crossed  Champlain,  as  authenticated  by  its  adiu- 
tant-general,  was  as  follows  :  '» 

total  Rank  and  File  \st  of  July,  1777. 

[Sick  included.]  .  ' 

British 

542 
528 

528 

524 
537 
541 


9th 

regiment 

20th 

<t 

2lSt 

i< 

24th 

« 

47th 

« 

SZ^ 

(( 

62d 

« 

Grenadiers  and   light   infantry   compani 
from  29th,  31st  and  34th  regiments 


329 


Left  in  Canada  out  of  the  above  ^^Jx 

British  Total  3.724 
Germans,  ist  July                          ,7,- 
Leftin  Canada    ^                          ^^2? 

For  the  campaign,  Germans  ^  0,5 

Regular  troops,  total  ^ 


he  Explanatory  Chapter, 

Garrison  left  out  of  the  above  at 

Ticonderoga. 
British  rank  ^nd  file  462 

German  rank  and  file  448  910 


To  force  a  passage  to  Albany  5  830 

ist  July,  British  artillery  '       257 

German  artillery  100 

Bat  men,  servants,  &c  in  the  above. 

Recruits  under  Lieut.  Nutt  154 

Canadians  148 

Indians  never  more  than  500 

Before  Septemb.  fell  off  to  90 

Provincials  at  most  682 

I  St  October,  no  more  than  456 

In    September    the  additional    companies 
joined  near  Fort  Miller,  in  all  300 

The  British  troops  with  Burguyne,  therefore, 
consisted  of  seven  regimental  organizations,  the 
light  companies  of  three  others,  and  a  detach- 
ment of  154  recruits  under  Lieut.  Nutt  of  the 
33d.  The  British  artillery,  though  only  equal 
to  about  two  and  a  half  companies,  comprised 
enlisted  men  from  both  the  Royal,  and  the 
Irish  Artillery,  but  all  the  officers' belonged  to 
the  former.  The  artillery  officers  were  largely 
in  excess  of  the  complement  of  enlisted  men 
with  them,  so  that  Lieut.  Nutt*s  whole  detach- 


Explanatory  Chapter,  Ixi 

ment  was  detailed  to  serve  as  artillerists.  Not- 
withstanding Burgoyne  had  seven  regimental 
organizations,  it  is  doubtful  if  he  had  a  single 
whole  regiment,  as  fifty  men  from  each  of  six  of 
his  regiments  were  ordered  to  remain  in  Canada 
for  its  defence,  and  as  the  adjutant-general's 
report  shows  that  the  number  actually  left 
behind,  was  343,  it  is  probable  that  a  detachment 
was  likewise  left  from  the  24th,  although  Lord 
Germaine's  order  in  regard  to  leaving  detach- 
ments in  Canada,  did  not  apply  to  the  24th. 
With  the  present  ideas  of  military  organization, 
it  seems  a  little  difficult  to  understand  why  the 
battalion  companies,  or  as  many  as  were  re- 
quired, of  a  single  regiment,  were  not  taken  for 
this  purpose,  instead  of  a  detachment  being 
broken  off  from  tiach  regimental  organization. 
The  same  fragmentary,  or  disintegrating  process 
was  also  followed  with  regard  to  the  Germans, 
for  the  same  purpose.  / 

The  regiments  themselves,  however,  were   of 
the  highest  character.     The  organization  of  most 

J.     Maj.  Gen.  Riedetfl  gives  ut  a  clue  the  different  regiments  composed  of  those 

to  the  reason  of  detachments  drawn  from  recruits  and  invalids  that  are  too  young 

each  regiment   being   used    for   garrison  or   feeble    to  stand  the  hardships   of  a 

duty.    The  Regiment  of  Prince  Frederick  campaign."'      It    is    possible   that    this 

was  reputed  to  be    the   best  of  all  the  reason  had  its  weight  at  the  beginning  of 

German  regiments,  and    Gen.    Riedesel  the  next  campaign,     it  speaks  poorly  for 

wrote  to  Gen.  Carleton  from  La  Prairie,  the  health  and  morale  of  the  Germans, 

under   date  of  September  31,   1776,  as  and  as  tne  young,  sick  and  feeble  were 

follows  : — "  I  wish  your  excellency  would  not  alone  detached,  but  a  given  number 

kindly  allow  Prince  Frederick's  regiment  firom  each  regiment,  the  general's  sugges- 

to  rejoin  the  army.      Its  place  in   the  tion  could  have  been  but  a  portion  of  the 

garrison    at    Quebec   could    be    quickly  reason  for  detaching  from  each  organisa- 

replaced   by  drawing   detachments   from  tion.     ['K..  M.  6z.] 


Ixii  Explanatory  Chapter, 

of  them  reached  back  to  the  beginning  of  the 
century,  and  three  of  them  extended  into  a  prior 
one ;  while  the  two  youngest  of  all  were  more  than 
twenty  years  old.  The  records  of  some  of  these 
regiments  were  full  of  glory;  so  that  traditional 
association  united  with  military  discipline  to 
elevate  the  morale  of  their  members  and  to  incite 
them  to  enthusiastic  emulation.  The  record  of 
Burgoyne's  oldest  regiment,  the  2ist,  or  Royal 
North  British  Fuzileers,  will  serve  as  an  illustra- 
tion.* It  was  raised  in  Scotland,  in  1 678,  during 
the  reign  of  Charles  II,  and  was  first  called  into 
action,  the  following  year,  at  Bothwell  Bridge. 
In  1685,  it  assisted  in  defeating  the  Duke  of 
Monmouth's  army  in  Devonshire,  when  that 
nobleman  attempted  to  usurp  the  British  throne. 

k.  Numerical  titles  of  British  regi-  was  substantially  increased  in  1740  ;  but 
ments  were  not  generally  used  until  the  in  1748-49  all  junior  to  the  present  49tb, 
reign  of  King  George  II.'  The  numer-  were  reduced.  In  1755  another  large 
ical  designation  of  a  British  regiment  addition  to  the  army  was  made,  both  by 
does  not,  in  all  cases,  indicate  its  com-  forming  new  regiments,  and  by  joining 
parative  age,  though  it  does  so  in  regard  additional  battalions  to  the  old  organiza- 
to  the  first  six  regiments  of  foot.  The  tioni.  In  1758  the  new  battalions  were 
numerical  designations  of  regiments  were  detached  from  the  old,  and  were  re- 
first  determined  by  a  board  of  officers  numbered  as  separate  regiments,  and  the 
auembled  by  order  of  King  William  III,  other  recently  formed  regiments  were 
in  1694.  This  board  further  recom-  then  likewise  renumbered;  but  at  the 
mended  that  all  regiments,  raised  in  peace  of  1763,  a  reduction  took  place  as 
future,  should  take  rank  from  the  date  far  as  the  70th.  During  our  Revolu- 
upon  which  they  were  placed  on  the  tionary  War  and  the  war  between  Great 
English  establishment.  This  recommen-  Britain,  France  and  Spain,  growing  out  of 
dation  was  confirmed  in  1713-15,  1751,  our  struggle,  the  British  army  was  again 
and  1768.  The  regiments  raised  pre-  largely  increased.  At  the  peace  of  1783 
Ttous  to  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  were  it  was  proposed  to  reduce  the  number  of 
thus  numbered  from  i  to  27.  Those  Line  Regiments  to  64,  but  the  reduction 
raised  during  Queen  Anne's  reign  were  was  not  carried  beyond  the  present  73d.* 
numbered  from  18,  upwards.  All  junior  [<G.  E.  p.  7.  •B.  H  :  L.  X.  X38, 
to  the  present  39th,  were  reduced  in  ti  pott.'\ 
1712-13.      The   number   of  regimenti 


'  Explanatory  Chapter,  Ixiii 

It  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Killikranky,  in  1 689  ; 
and  the  next  year  it  embarked  for  Flanders  and 
had  a  share  in  many  memorable  victories  where 
King  William  commanded  in  person.  At  the 
conclusion  of  the  treaty  of  Ryswick,  in  1697,  it 
returned  to  Great  Britain;  but,  in  1702,  it  again 
embarked  for  the  continent,  where,  under  the 
great  Duke  of  Marlborough,  it  shared  in  most  of 
the  actions  of  the  war,  particularly  at  Blenheim, 
in  1 704,  where  its  colonel  was  killed ;  at  Ramillies, 
in  1706;  at  Oudenarde,  in  1708;  and  at  Mal- 
plaquet,  in  1709,  where  it  again  lost  its  colonel. 
After  the  peace  of  Utrecht  it  returned  to  Scotland 
and  participated  in  the  battle  of  SherifFmuir, 
which  put  an  end  to  the  rebellion  of  171 5.  For 
several  years  it  remained  in  Scotland,  and  for  a 
brief  period  in  England  ;  but  it  again  embarked 
for  Flanders  in  1741.  It  was  in  the  front  line 
at  Dettingen,  in  1743,  and  it  was  at  Fontenoy,  in 
174  J,  where  it  suffered  so  severely  that  it  brought 
but  two  officers  off  the  field.  The  regiment  be- 
ing much  depleted,  was  sent  first  to  Bruges,  and 
then  to  Ostend,  at  which  latter  place  it  was  cap- 
tured by  the  French.  Its  next  service  was  to 
aid  in  quelling  the  rebellion  of  1745,  at  the  battle 
of .  Culloden.  In  1746  it  embarked  once  more 
for  Flanders,  and  it  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Val,  in  1746,  and  in  that  of  Lafeldt,  in  1747. 
The  peace  of  Aix  la  Chapelle  brought  it  back  to 
Great  Britain,  but,  in  1749,  it  went  to  Gibraltar, 


Ixiv  Explanatory  Chapter, 

where  it  spent  upwards  of  eight  years.  In  1761 
it  participated  in  the  capture  of  Belleisle,  on  the 
coast  of  France,  and  then  proceeded  to  the 
Mobile,  remaining  in  America  till  1772.  Early 
in  the  spring  of  1776  it  again  started  for  Amer- 
ica, with  the  troops  intended  to  relieve  Gen. 
Carleton  at  Quebec.  It  assisted  in  driving  the 
Americans  from  Canada,  and,  in  1777,  shared  the 
fortunes  of  Burgoyne.  This  concluded  its  service 
during  the  American  Revolution,  as  it  was  not 
exchanged  till  1781.  Its  subsequent  services 
concern  us  but  little.  Though  inscribing  upon 
the  regim.ental  flag  the  names  of  victories  in 
which  a  regiment  has  shared,  is  of  comparatively 
recent  date,  yet  the  colors  of  the  21st  now  bear 
upon  them,  the  Thistle,  with  the  Circle  of  St. 
Andrew,  and  the  legend  "  Nemo  me  impune  laces- 
sit^'  together  with  the  King's  Cypher  and 
Crown,  and  the  names — *'  Bladensburg,"  **  Al- 
ma," "Inkerman,"  **  Sevastopol."" 

Many  of  the  other  regiments  had  rendered 
services  little  less  brilliant.  The  20th  had 
opened  its  career  at  the  battle  of  the  Boyne,  and 
had  been  at  Fontenoy,  and  Culloden,  and  upon 
the  expeditions  against  St.  Maloes,  and  Rochfort. 
In  1758  it  went  to  Germany  and  served  through 
the  Seven  Years  War.  During  that  memorable 
period  it  was  at  Minden,  Warberg,  Campen,  and 
the  surprise  of  Zierenberg.     At   Minden  alone 


Explanatory  Chapter, 


Ixv 


its  casualties  comprised  17  officers  and  304  en- 
listed men.  This  corps  owed  not  a  little  to  Maj.- 
Gen.  Wolfe,  who,  as  captain,  major  and  lieuten- 
ant-colonel, did  much  to  make  it  a  model 
regiment,  and  who  was  appointed  colonel  of  the 
2d  Battalion  in  1758,  which  was  then  renum- 
bered as  the  67th.'* 

The  records  of  the  other  British  regiments 
with  Burgoyne,  were  likewise  conspicuous  for 
gallantry.  ^      All  these  regiments,  with  the   ex- 


/.  Though  no  extended  record  oi 
Burgoyne's  regiments  can  be  given,  for 
lack  of  space,  yet  a  few  words  in  regard 
to  each,  may  nut  be  without  interest. 

The  9th  Foot  was  raised  June  12, 
1685.  It  now  bears  on  its  colors  the 
figure  of  Biitannia,  with  the  words 
"  Roleia  "  "  Vimiera  "  "  Corunna  " 
"  Busaco  "  "  Salamtnca  "  "  Victoria  " 
"St.  Sebastian"  ••  Nive  "  '{Peninsula" 
"Cabool  1842"  "  Moodkee  "  "  Feroz- 
eshah  "  "  Sobraon"  and  "Sevastopol."'* 

The  20th    Foot    was    raised  Nov.  20, 

1688,  shortly  after  the  landing  of  King 
Willijm  at  Torbay.  Its  colors  are  now 
inscribed  with  "Minden"  "  Egmont- 
opZec  "  "  Egypt  "  [with  the  Sphynx] 
"  Maida  "  "  Vimiera  "  "  Corunna  " 
"  Vittoria  "  '«  Pyrenees  "  "  Orthes  " 
"  Toulouse  "  "  Peninsula  "  "  Alma  " 
"  Inkerman  "  "  Sevastopol  "  "  Luck- 
now."  «  3 

The  24th  Foot  was   raised  March  18, 

1689,  and  its  colors  now  bear  the  words 
"  Egypt  "  [with  the  Sphynx]  "  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  "  "  Talavera  "  "  Fuente* 
d'Onor  "  "  Salamanca  "  "  Vittoria  ' 
"  Pyrenees  "  "  Nivelle  "  "  Orthei  " 
"  Peninsula  "  "  Punjaub  "  "  Chillian- 
wallah  "  and  "  Goojerat,"' 

The  29th  Foot  was  organized  Feb- 
ruary   12,  1702.'     It    was  in    Boston  at 

i 


the  time  of  the  "  Boston  Mastacre,"  in 
1770,  in  which  it  was  discreditably  con- 
spicuous.* Its  colors  now  have  inscribed 
upon  ihem  "  Roleia  "  "  Vimiera  "  «  Tal- 
avera  "  *"  Albuhera  "  "  Peninsula  " 
"Ferozeshah"  "Sobraon"  "Chillian. 
wallah  "  and  "  Goojerat."* 

The  31st  Foot  was  embodied  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1702.  This  regiment,  with  its 
women  and  children,  was  on  the  ill- 
&ted  "  Kent,"  East  Indiaman,  at  the 
time  of  its  famous  double  disaster  by  wreck 
and  by  fire,  in  1825,  when  its  officers,  by 
their  heroic  conduct,  gained  more  credit 
than  they  could  have  done  in  many  bat- 
tles. It  now  bears  on  its  colors  the 
words  "  Talavera  "  "  Albuhrra  "  "  Vit- 
toria "  "  Pyrenees  "  •*  Nivelle  "  "  Nive  " 
"  Orthes  "  ••  Peninsula"  "  Cabool  1842  " 
"  Moodkee  "  "  Ferozeshah  "  "  Aliwal  " 
'•Sobraon"  "Sevastopol"  and  "  Taku 
Forts."'-5 

The  33d  Foot,  likewise,  dates  from 
February  12,  1 702.  It  served  actively 
and  sutFered  severly  in  our  Revolutionary 
War.  Among  the  battles  in  which  it 
participated  in  that  struggle,  were  Long 
Island,  Brandywine,  Germantown,  Cam- 
den, and  Guildtbrd  Court  House ;  and 
it  was  finally  captured  under  Cornwallis, 
at  Vorktown,  in  1781.  The  Duke  of 
Wellington  saw  much  service  in  this  reg. 


Ixvi  Explanatory  Chapter, 

ception  of  the  47th,  embarked  at  Great  Britain 
for  Quebec,  in  the  spring  of  1776.  The  29th 
was  the  first  to  sail.  It  embarked  at  Chatham 
in  February,  the  grenadiers  on  board  the  Isis, 
man  of  war  of  50  guns,  and  the  remainder  of  the 
companies  on  the  Surprise  and  Triton  frigates, 
the  Marten,  sloop  of  war,  and  two  large  navy 
transports  named  the  Lord  Howe,  and  Bute; 
which  fleet,  with  the  victuallers  British  Queen, 
Agnes,  and  Beaver,  sailed  for  Quebec  from  Ports- 
mouth, March  7th,  and  Portland,  March  nth, 
though  it  did  not  finally  get-  clear  of  the 
British   coast   till  several  days  later.     The    Isis, 


iment,  became  its  colonel,  and  gave  it  his 
name.'-'  Its  colors  bear  the  Duke's 
crest  and  motto,  and  the  following 
names  of  battles  :  "  Seringapatim  " 
"  Waterloo  "  ••  Alma  "  "  Inkernian  " 
"Sevastopol  "  and  •'  Abyssinia." 

The  34th  Foot  was  another  of  the 
numerous  regiments  organized  February 
iz,  1702.  Its  flag  bears  a  laurel  wreath, 
and  the  words  "  Albuhera  "  "  Arroyo  dos 
Moiinos  "  "  Vittoria  "  "  Pyrenees  " 
"  NiveUe  "  "  Nive  "  "  Orthes  "  "  Pen- 
insula" "Sevastopol"  and  "Lucknow."'-' 

The  47th  Foot  was  raised  January  15, 
1741,  ^nd  was  originally  numbered  as 
the  58th,  but  was  renumbered  in  1758. 
In  the  rebellion  of  1745  it  was  at  Edin- 
burgh, and  the  bulk  of  it  was  captured  by 
the  Pretender's  army.  It  took  part  in 
the  expedition  against  Louisbourg,  and 
was  with  Wolfe  on  the  Heights  of  Abra- 
ham. Col.  Barre,  the  adjutant-gen- 
eral of  Wolfe's  army,  in  a  speech  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  Oct.  16,  1775, 
speaks  of  it  as  "  the  very  corps  that  broke 
the  whole  French  column  and  threw 
them  into  such  disorder  at  the  siege  of 
Qoebeck.***     In  colors  are  inKribed  with 


'« Tarife  "  "  Vittoria  "  "  St.  Sebastian  " 
"  Peninsula  "  "  Ava  "  "  Alma  "  "  Inker- 
man  "  and  "  Sevastopol."'* 

The  53d  Foot  dates  from  December 
21,  1755,  when  it  was  designated  as  the 
55th,  its  present  number  having  been  as- 
signed it  in  1758.  Its  colors  bear  the 
words"  Nieuport "  "Tournay"  "St. 
Lucia  "  "  Talavera  "  "  Salamanca  " 
"  Vittoria  "  "  Pyrenees  "  "  Nivelle  " 
"Toulouse"  ••  Peninsula"  "Aliwal" 
'•Sobraon  "  "  Punjaub  "  "  Goojerat  " 
and  "  Lucknow."  The  53d  did  not 
leave  Canada,  to  return  home,  until 
July  31st,  1789,  after  -"»rc  than  thirteen 
years  continuous  ser<.  .  .  North  Amer- 
ica '•» 

The  62d  Foot  was  raised  as  the  Second 
Battalion  of  the  4th,  or  King's  Own,  in 
I75S>  ^^^  W3B  detached  from  it  and 
numbered  as  a  distinct  regiment  April 
21,  1758.  Its  colors  are  inscribed  with 
(c  Nive  "  "  Peninsula  "  "  Ferozeshah  " 
"Sobraon"  and  "Sevastopol."'  ['B. 
H,  »G.  C.  3G.  D.  *A.  I.  334-340. 
5G.  F.  «L.  Z,  494«r/oj/.  »G.  G.  »L. 
Y.  ao-26:  D.  T.  170,  384  tt  pottf 
499 !     H.  40.     »G.  I  :  J.  W.] 


Explanatory  Chapter,  Ixvii 

Surprise,  and  Marten,  arrived  at  Quebec,  May  6th, 
and  the  Triton  with  the  transports  and  victuallers. 
May  loth.'*  The  21st  Foot  embarked  on  board 
six  transports  at  Plymouth,  March  31st,  prepara- 
tory to  joining  the  German  troops  when  they 
should  pass  by  The  first  division  of  Bruns- 
wickers  under  Gen.  Riedesel  embarked  at 
Staade,  on  the  Elbe,  March  13th — i8th,  and 
sailed  the  iQth  for  England,  arriving  at  Spithead 
on  the  28th,  but  the  Hanau  regiment  did  not 
arrive  till  the  31st.  The  fleet  sailed  from  Ply- 
mouth, according  to  Lord  George  Germaine, 
April  7th,  but  according  to  Gen.  Riedesel,  two 
or  three  days  earlier,  and  consisted  of  thirty-six 
vessels.  The  frigate  Juno,  Capt.  Dalrymple, 
took  the  lead  and  formed  the  advance  ;  then 
came  sixteen  ships  having  the  Brunswickers  on 
board  ;  four  with  the  Hanau  regiment ;  six  with 
four  companies  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  with  their 
train  on  two  transports;  and  six  with  the  21st 
Regiment.  The  Blonde,  of  36  guns,  com- 
manded by  Capt.  Pownell,  and  having  Gen. 
Burgoyne,  Gen.  Phillips  and  other  officers 
aboard,  brought  up  the  rear.  The  date  of  the 
fleet's  arrival  at  Quebec  was  June  ist.  The  9th, 
20th,  24th,  31st,  H^^»  53d  ^"cl  62d  regiments, 
under  Lieut.-Col.  Eraser  of  the  24th,  completed 
their  embarkation  at  Cork  on  April  5th,  sailed 
on  the  8th,  and  arrived  at  Quebec,  May  29th. '^ 
The    transports    with    the    second    division     of 


Ixviii         Explanatory  Chapter, 

Brunswick  troops  and  the  Hanau  artillery,  under 
convoy  of  his  Majesty's  ships  Amazon  and  Gar- 
land, sailed  from  St.  Helen's  June  26th.  The 
vessels  became  separated,  and  the  Hanau  ariil- 
lery  reached  Quebec  July  29th ;  but  it  was  Sept. 
17th,  before  the  Brunswickers  arrived.'^ 

The  47th  regiment  embarked  for  America  in 
1773.  At  the  opening  of  the  Revolutionary 
War  it  was  stationed  at  Boston,  and  it  partici- 
pated in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  its  light 
companies  in  the  battle  of  Lexington.  Upon 
the  evacuation  of  Boston  in  March.  1776, 
it  accompanied  Sir  William  Howe's  troops 
to  Halifax,  whence  it  was  dispatched  on  the 
20th  of  the  next  month,  in  three  transports 
under  convoy  of  the  Niger  frigate,  to  aid  its 
colonel.  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  at  Quebec,  where  it 
arrived  May  8th. '"  As  this  regiment  was  de- 
tached from  his  army  by  Sir  William  Howe 
without  orders  from  the  War  Office,  he  was 
ordered  on  the  nth  of  June,  1776,  to  have  it 
returned  to  him,  but  not  without  commendation 
for  his  zeal  for  the  service  in  forwarding  it  to 
Carleton's  assistance.  Ten  days  later,  however, 
that  order  was  countermanded,  and  Carleton  was 
directed  to  retain  it ;  the  Waldeck  regiment, 
which  had  originally  been  intended  for  Canada, 
being  sent  to  Howe  instead.'' 

The  33d  regiment,  of  which  Lord  Cornwallis 
was   colonel,  was   intended   to    have  been  ulti- 


\* 


Explanatory  Chapter.  Ixix 

mately  sent  to  Canada,  as  Lord  George  Ger- 
maine  wrote  to  Gen.  Carleton  under  date  of 
Feb.  17,  1776,  as  follows  : — "  That  embarcation 
will  consist  of  six  Regiments  from  Ireland,  and 
two  from  Great  Britain,  together  with  four 
companies  of  Artillery,  and  a  large  battering 
train  ;  the  whole  to  be  under  the  command  of 
Major  General  Burgoyne,  who,  together  with 
Major  General  Lord  Cornwallis,  is  appointed  by 
the  King  to  serve  under  you  on  the  side  of 
Canada  ;  but  it  will  possibly  be  sometime  before 
you  can  have  the  assistance  of  Lord  Cornwallis, 
as  he  is  at  present  appointed  to  serve  under 
Major  General  Clinton,  upon  an  expedition  to 
the  southward,  but  he  will  proceed  to  Quebeck 
with  his  regiment  as  soon  as  that  service  is 
over.""  The  33d,  with  several  other  regiments, 
embarked  on  transports  at  Cork,  Dec.  29th — 
Jan.  I  St,  1775-6,  expecting  to  proceed  at  once 
to  America  in  Sir  Peter  Parker's  expedition 
against  Charleston,  S.  C.  Owing  to  protracted 
delays,  however,  the  fleet  did  not  leave  Cork  till 
Feb.  loth,  and  it  was  May  3d  before  it  arrived 
off  Cape  Fear.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Sir 
Peter  Parker's  attack  on  Fort  Moultrie,  in  Char- 
leston harbor,  was  repulsed ;  and  after  a  few 
weeks,  the  expedition  was  abandoned,  the  fleet 
sailing  for  New  York."  The  intention  of  send- 
ing Cornwallis  and  his  regiment  to  Canada  was 
given   up,   and  it  is  presumed  that  the   recruits 


Ixx  Explanatory  Chapter, 

under  Lieut.  Nutt,  for  the  33d,  were  sent  to 
Quebec  before  the  design  of  ultimately  sending 
that  regiment  there,  had  been  abandoned;  but 
the  time  of  sailing  or  arrival  of  Lieut.  Nutt's 
detachment  has  not  been  ascertained.  These 
recruits,  according  to  Hadden,  were  detailed  for 
service  in  the  Artillery. 

The  strength  of  each  infantry  company  was 
between  fifty  and  sixty  enlisted  men;  and  ten 
companies  constituted  a  regiment.  The  right 
flank  company  was  composed  of  grenadiers,  and 
the  left  flank  company  of  light  infantry.  The 
remaining  eight  companies  composed  the  bat- 
talion proper,  and  were  called  battalion  com- 
panies." But  though  this  was  the  ordinary 
peace  establishment,  yet,  early  in  1776,  an  order 
was  issued  from  the  War  Office  that  the 
marching  regiments  for  the  American  ser- 
vice were  to  consist  of  twelve  companies  of  three 
sergeants,  three  corporals,  two  drummers,  and 
fifty-six  effective  rank  and  file  each,  besides  com- 
missioned officers.*'  Sergeant  Lamb  of  the  9th, 
and  afterwards  of  the  23d  Foot,  says  that  two 
companies  of  each  battalion  were  to  remain  in 
Great  Britain  for  the  purpose  of  recruiting.*^  In 
Burgoyne's  adjutant  general's  report,  it  is  stated 
that  "  in  Sept.  the  additional  companies  joined 
near  Fort  Miller,  in  all  300."*^  This  must  mean 
one  company  per   regiment,  which  would  make 


Explanatory  Chapter,  Ixxi 

about  the  number,  for  there  were  six  regimental 
organizations  with  Burgoyne  in  Sept.,  1777,  one 
having  been  left  at  Ticonderoga  as  a  garrison  ; 
and  we  have  somewhere  seen  it  stated  that  one 
company  per  regiment  remained  permanently  in 
Great  Britain  on  recruiting  service.  Indeed,  an 
item  from  London,  dated  Feb.  3,  in  the  issue  of 
the  Continental  journal  for  May  22,  1777,  s^X^* 
"  An  additional  company  to  every  regiment  in 
Canada  is  ordered  to  be  ready  for  embarkation." 
The  Remembrancer  under  date  of  March  19,  1776, 
[Vol.  2,  p.  366]  says : — "  The  officers  who  are 
ordered  for  America  are  to  wear  the  same  uni- 
form and  their  hair  is  to  be  dressed  in  like  manner 
as  the  men,  so  that  they  may  not  be  distinguished 
from  them  by  the  riflemen,  who  aim  particularly 
at  the  officers." 

The  light  infantry  were  active,  strong  men, 
selected  from  the  battalion  companies,  and  from 
thf;  most  promising  recruits  that  were  occasion- 
ally enlisted.  They  were  the  skirmishers  of  the 
regiment,  and  acted,  so  to  speak,  as  the  eyes  of 
an  army.  When  serving  with  the  regiment  the 
light  infantry  company  was  posted  on  the  left 
flank.  The  grenadiers  were  clothed  differently 
from  the  rest  of  the  battalion,  by  wearing  a  high 
cap  fronted  with  a  plate  of  brass,  on  which  the 
king's  arms  were  generally  represented,  and  by 
having  a   piece  of  fringed  or  tufted  cloth   upon 


Ixxii  Explanatory  Chapter, 


their  shoulders,  called  a  wing.*^  They  were 
always  the  tallest  and  stoutest  men  in  the  regi- 
ment, and,  being  on  the  right  flank,  were  usually 
the  first  in  all  attacks."  When  a  number  of  regi- 
ments were  serving  together,  the  flank  companies 
were  usually  detached  and  formed  into  a  light 
brigade,  these  companies  being  then  numbered 
entirely  irrespective  of  their  original  regimental 
connection.  Eraser's  Light  Brigade,  in  Bur- 
goyne's  army,  consisted  of  ten  grenadier  com- 
panies and  ten  light  infantry  companies,  together 
with  the  24th  Regiment ;  and,  being  picked 
troops,  of  course  led  the  advance. 


m.  Though  the  uniform  of  the  British 
regiments  of  foot  was  red,  yet  each  or- 
ganization had  trimmingi  peculiar  to 
itself.  At  one  time  the  popular  des- 
ignations of  regiments  were  derived  from 
this  peculiarity  ;  and,  to  this  day,  the  3d 
Foot  is  called  "  The  Buffs,"  because  of 
the  color  of  its  trimmings  and  accoutre- 
ments two  centuries  ago.  At  the  time 
of  Burgoyne'i  campaign  the  uniforms  of 
the  regiments  taking  part  in  it,  were  aa 
follows,  viz  — 

9tb  Foot.  Red  faced  with  yellow, 
white  lace,  with  two  black  stripes. 

20th  Foot.  Red  faced  with  pale  yel- 
low, white  lace,  with  a  red  and  black 
stripe. 

2 1  St  Foot.  Red  faced  with  blue, 
white  lace,  with  a  blue  stripe.  Fusileer 
regiments  wore  tall  caps  unlike  those  of 
other  regiments  of  the  line,  and  which 
Were  not  ({uite  as  tall  as  grenadier  caps. 

24th  Foot.  Red  lined  with  white, 
faced  with  willow  green,  white  lace,  one 
red  and  one  green  stripe. 

29th  Foot.  Red  faced  with  yellow, 
white  lace,  with    two   blue  and  one  yel- 


low stripe. 

3 1  St  Foot.  Red  faced  with  bufF, 
white  lace,  blue  and  yellow  worm,  and 
small  red  stripes. 

33d  Foot.  Red  faced  with  red.  lined 
with  white,  white  lace,  a  red  stripe  in 
the  middle. 

34th  Foot.  Red  faced  with  bright 
yellow,  white  lace,  a  blue  and  yellow 
worm,  and  red  stripes, 

47th  Foot.  Red  faced  with  white, 
white  lace,  one  red  two  black  stripes. 

53d  Foot.  Red  faced  with  red,  white 
lace,  one  red  stripe,  white  lining. 

6zd  Foot.  Red  faced  with  yellowish 
buff,  white  lace,  one  blue  and  one  straw- 
colored  stripe. 

The  uniform  of  the  Royal  Artillery 
consisted  of  blue  coats  with  scarlet  trim- 
mings ;  white  waistcoats  and  breeches ; 
white  stockings;  black  spatter  dashes  or 
gaiters;  white  accoutrements;  cocked 
hat  with  a  gold  band,  button  and  loop 
for  the  officers.  The  men's  hair  was 
clubbed :  the  officers  wore  theirs  in  a 
queue  well  powdeied.  [B.  H  :  G.  N  : 
G.  U:  C.  Z:  D.  A.] 


Explanatory  Chapter,         Ixxiii 

Each  regiment  had  a  colonel,  a  lieut.-coloncl, 
and  a  major ;  but  the  colonelcy  was  practically  a 
sinecure,  as  the  colonel  was  usually  an  old  general 
officer,  who  rarely,  or  never,  served  with  his  corps. 
The  direct  command  of  the  regiment,  therefore, 
devolved  upon  the  lieut.-colonel,  and  as  the  brig- 
adier-generals were  taken  from  the  lieut.-colonels, 
some  of  the  regiments  would  be  led  by  majors, 
as  was  the  case  on  Burgoyne's  expedition.  Each 
of  the  three  field  officers  was  supposed  to  com- 
mand a  company,  so  that  a  regiment  often  com- 
panies would  have  but  seven  captains ;  but  as  the 
colonel  rarely  or  never  served  with  the  regiment, 
there  was  an  officer  styled  a  captain-lieutenant, 
who  commanded  the  colonel's  company.*  Prior 
to  1772,  this  was  a  distinctive  grade  between 
lieutenant,  and  captain,  but  in  that  year  an  order 
was  issued  giving  a  captain-lieutenant  the  rank 
of  captain,  though  the  **  Capt. -Lieut,  and  Cap- 
tain," as  he  was  afterwards  designated  in  the 
Army  Lists,  was  always  the  junior  captain.'*  The 
subalterns  of  a  British  infantry  company  were 
usually  a  lieutenant,  and  an  ensign.  Fuziieer 
corps,  grenadiers,  and  light  infantry,  had  second 
lieutenants,  and  no  ensigns;  hence  the  companies 

a.  fVar  Office^  May   26,  1772.  Captain-Lieutenants  shall  take  the  said 

The     King     has     been     pleased     to  rank    from    this    day ;    and    all    future 

direct  that,  for  the  future,  the   Captain-  Captain-Lieutenants    from    the   date    of 

Lieutenants  of  the  Cavalry  and  Marching  their  respective  commissions. 

Regiments  shall   have  rank,  as  well  in  Barkinoton. 

the   army   as    in    their    respective   regi-  [M.  D.  3 32.] 

ments,    as   Captains  j    that    the    present 


•Ixxiv  Explanatory  Chapter, 

of  the  2 1  St  Foot,  or  Royal  North  British  Fuzi- 
leers,  with  Burgoyne,  had  second  lieutenants,  and 
no  ensigns. 

An  important  part  of  Burgoyne's  army  was  the 
artillery  Indeed,  Burgoyne  was  attacked  by  his 
enemies  at  home  for  having  with  him  a  dispro- 
portionate train  of  artillery.  Of  the  Royal  Regi- 
ment of  Artillery  with  Burgoyne,  there  were  live 
captains,  the  senior  of  whom,  Griffith  Williams, 
held  the  army  rank  of  major.  Gen.  Phillips,  a 
major  in  the  Royal  Artillery,  is  not  included  in 
this  number  as  he  was  serving  as  a  major  general. 
There  were  also  three  captain-lieutenants,  two 
1st  lieutenants,  and  twelve  2d  lieutenants,  though 
one  of  the  latter  was  killed  at  Skenesborough  in 
July,  1777,  soon  after  the  British  occupation  of 
Ticondcroga.  Capt.  Jones  was  killed  at  Free- 
man's Farm,  Sept.  19th,  and  Captain-Lieut. 
Blomefield  and  2d  Lieuts.  Smith  and  Howarth 
were  wounded  at  Bemus'  Heights,  Oct  7,  1777.** 
Capt.  Borthwick  and  First  Lieut  Barnes,  with  a 
part  of  one  company,  remained  at  Ticonderoga 
and  did  not  further  participate  in  the  campaign.*^ 
Burgoyne's  adjutant-general  states  that  there 
were  257  of  the  British  artillery  on  the  expedi- 
tion.** Seventy  of  the  enlisted  artilleiists  belonged 
to  the  Irish  Artillery,  which,  in  1801,  was  in- 
corporated into  the  Royal  Artillery,  as  the  7th 
Battalion.**  The  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery 
originated   in  17 16,  and  then  consisted  of  two 


Explanatory  Chapter,  Ixxv 


companies.  In  1872  it  had  expanded  to  twenty- 
nine  brigades,  containing  over  two  hundred  bat- 
teries, and  34,943  officers  and  men.*'  There  has 
been  no  battle  of  importance  in  the  last  one 
hundred  and  sixty  years,  in  which  the  British 
arms  have  participated,  where  the  Royal  Artillery 
has  not  been  represented.  At  the  time  of  Bur- 
goyne's  campaign  this  corps  consisted  of  four 
marching  battalions  of  eight  companies  each ; 
and  it  likewise  had  eight  invalid  companies.  An 
artillery  company  comprised  a  captain,  a  captain- 
lieutenant,  a  first-lieutenant,  three  second-lieu- 
tenants, and  one  hundred  enlisted  men.^  June 
22d,  1772,  it  was  ordered  by  Royal  Warrant  that 
captain-lieutenants  in  the  artillery,  and  engineers, 
should  rank  as  captains  in  the  army.  Those  who 
were  then  serving,  were  to  have  their  commis- 
sions as  captain  dated  May  26th,  1772;  and  those 
who  might  be  subsequently  commissioned,  from 
the  date  of  their  appointment.  The  title  of 
captain-lieutenant  was  abolished  in  1804,  and 
that  of  second  captain  substituted.  Prior  to 
1 77 1  there  was  a  grade  of  commissioned  officer 
in  the  artillery,  below  that  of  second  lieutenant, 
called  Heutenant-fire-worker,  but  it  was  abolished 
in  that  year.     Those  intended  for  engineer,  or 


0.  In  addition  to  the  one  hundred 
enlisted  men  mentioned  in  the  text,  all 
of  which  were  eft'ectives,  so  called,  there 
were  three  non-eftectives  allowed  to  each 
company.  These  latter  were  fictitious 
names  borne  on  the  company  rolls  for 


the  sake  of  drawing  pay  for  three  more 
men  than  were  actually  members  of  the 
company.  Two  of  these  non-effectives 
were  allowed  the  captains,  and  one  for 
the  non-effective  or  company  fund. 
[G.  U.  8s.] 


Ixxvi  Explanatory  Chapter, 

artillery  officers,  were  sent,  when  mere  lads,  to 
the  Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  the 
Headquarters  of  the  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery, 
and  entered  as  gentleman  cadets  Those  ranking 
highest  in  attainments  during  their  cadet  course, 
entered  the  Royal  Engineers,  the  others  the 
Royal  Artillery.  Though  the  Master- General 
and  the  Lieutenant-General  of  the  Ordnance  were, 
ex  officio^  the  two  highest  in  command  of  the 
sister  corps  of  Engineers  and  Artillery,  yet  each 
artillery  battalion  had  a  colonel  commandant,  a 
lieut.-colonel,  and  a  majc.~;  but  these  officers  in- 
terest us  little  in  arriving  at  an  understanding  of 
the  organization  of  Burgoyne's  force.'" 

But  two  officers  of  the  Royal  Engineers  ac- 
companied Burgoyne,  both  of  whom  were  sub- 
engineers  and  lieutenants.  The  senior  of  these 
was  William  Twiss,  who  served  throughout  the 
campaign ;  the  other  was  Andrew  Durnford, 
who  was  with  Baum  at  Bennington,  where  he 
was  taken  prisoner,  when  his  service  with  Bur- 
goyne terminated. 

Some  naval  officers,  likewise,  accompanied 
Burgoyne,  and  rendered  good  service,  not  only 
in  navigating  the  batteaux,  but  also  in  engineer- 
ing matters.  We  find  Capt.  Schank  of  the  navy, 
afterwards  an  Admiral  of  the  Blue,  constructing 
a  pontoon  bridge  across  the  Hudson  as  late  as 
Sept.  2ist  and  22d ;"  and  young  Edward  Pellew, 


Explanatory  Chapter.        ...xvii 

afterwards  Lord  Exmouth,  an  Admiral  of  the 
White,  and  Vice-Admiral  of  England,  then  a 
midshipman  only  twenty  years  of  age,  who  had 
distinguished  himself  on  the  Carleton  at  the 
Battle  of  Valcour,  for  which  he  had  received  a 
letter  of  thanks  from  the  first  Lord  of  the  Ad- 
miralty, commanded  a  detachment  of  sailors  on 
Burgoyne's  expedition  and  rendered  gallant 
service  in  retaking  a  provision  vessel  that  had 
been  captured  by  the  Americans,  for  which  Bur- 
goynesent  him  a  letter  of  commendation.  After 
the  surrender,  Mr.  Pellew,  after  having  shared  in 
the  attentions  and  hospitality  of  Gen.  Gates,  was 
sent  to  England  by  Gen.  Burgoyne  with  des- 
patches, a  distinction  to  which  his  services  in  the 
campaign  were  considered  to  have  entitled  him. 
He  sailed  from  Quebec  early  in  November,  1777, 
and  arrived  in  England  about  the  middle  of  the 
next  month.'* 

It  is  not  easy  to  determine  the  strength  of  the 
German  regiments  with  Burgoyne,  as  Major 
Kingston  has  given  us  only  the  gross  number, 
and  not  the  detailed  figures  of  each  organization. 
All  the  troops  furnished  Great  Britain,  in  1776, 
by  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  and  the  Hereditary 
Prince  of  Hesse  Cassel,  Reigning  Count  of 
Hanau,  were  sent  to  Canada.  The  treaty  with 
the  Duke  of  Brunswick  embraced  a  corps  of 
Infantry  of  3964  men,  and  a  corps  of  unhorsed 
** Light   Cavalry"   of   336    men,   which   bodies 


>^^r 


Ixxviii        Explanatory  Chapter, 

were  organized  into  five  regiments  and  two  bat- 
talions ;  while  the  Hanau  treaty  included  a  regi- 
ment of  infantry  of  660  men,  and  a  company  of 
artillery  of  1 28  men,  with  six  field  pieces."  This 
would  make  5088  German  troops  sent  to  Canada 
in  1776,  but  Major  Kingston  accounts  for  but 
3827  of  them,  and  it  would  seem  the  discrepancy 
was  too  great  to  be  accounted  for  by  a  year's 
service,  notwithstanding  the  unaccustomed  rigor 
of  a  Canadian  winter.  The  German  troops  with 
Burgoyne,  therefore,  consisted  of  an  artillery 
company,  a  dragoon  regiment,  and  seven  in- 
fantry regiments  or  battalions.  The  following 
facts  relating  to  the  composition  of  the  Bruns- 
wick regiments  have  been  largely  deduced  from 
the  number  of  officers  attached  to  those  regiments 
in  the  lists  to  be  found  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly 
Book,  and  in  vol.  2  of  Riedesel's  Memoirs, 
Letters  and  Journals.  Riedesel's  Dragoons — so 
called  from  their  colonel's  name  —  were  not 
mounted  ;  and  as  they  were  armed  with  carbines 
and  heavy  sabres  and  equipments,  they  could  only 
act  as  the  heaviest  kind  of  dismounted  cavalry. 
Lieut. -Col.  Baum  commanded  this  regiment, 
which  was  divided  into  four  troops,  each  of 
which  was  officered  by  a  captain,  a  lieutenant 
and  a  cornet.  Lieut.-Col.  Breymann's  Grena- 
diers were  divided  into  four  companies,  each  of 
which  had  a  captain,  and  three  lieutenants. 
Each  of  the  other   five   regiments  consisted   of 


Explanatory  Chapter,  Ixxix 

five  companies/'  each  officered  by  a  captain,  two 
lieutenants,   and   an  ensign.      Earner's  Battalion 
was  composed  of  chasseurs,  or  light  infantry,  save 
one  company,  which  consisted  of  jagers,  or  rifle- 
men.    The  mode  of  detaching  from  each    regi- 
ment a  given  number  of  men  with  proper  officers 
to   remain   in  Canada,  as   before   referred  to,  of 
course  interfered  somewhat  with   the  establish- 
ment   as  just   given.      The    Left,    or     German 
Wing    of   Burgoyne's    army,   under    Maj.    Gen. 
Riedesel,  was  brigaded   exactly  like   the   Right, 
or    British    Wing    under    Maj.    Gen.    Phillips; 
Lieut. -Col.    Breymann  commanded  the  German 
Advance,  or  Light  Brigade,  and  Specht,  and  Gall, 
respectively,  the  P'irst  and  Second  Brigades.     The 
dragoons   were   not    brigaded,    but  served    as  a 
headquarter    guard."      The    Hesse    Hanau    Ar- 
tillery Company  was  under   Capt.    Pausch.       It 
suflfered  terribly  at  Bennington,  where  it  lost  two 
of  its  guns.     Lieut.  Hadden  refers  so  fully  to  the 
organization  of  the   regulars,  both  British   and 
German,  that  it  is  unnecessary  to  further  advert 
to  it  here. 

Of  irregular  troops  there  were  two  provincial 
battalions  commanded,  respectively,  by  Lieut.- 
Colonel  John  Peters,  of  the  Hampshire  Grants, 
and  Lieut.-Colonel  Ebenezer  Jessup,of  New  York. 
The  number  of  companies  in  each  battalion  is 
unknown,  but  they  were  not  sufficient  to  con- 
stitute a  regiment;  and  Peters*  Corps  was  sent  on 


Ixxx  Explanatory  Chapter, 

the  expedition  to  Bennington  in  the  hope  of 
swelling  its  ranks  by  the  accession  of  recruits  in 
that  neighborhood.  There  were  also  two  Cana- 
dian companies,  commanded,  respectively,  by 
Capt.  Boucherville,  and  Capt.  Monin  ;  and  Capt. 
Samuel  McKay,  a  half  pay  officer  of  the  6oth, 
or  Royal  American  Regiment,  acted  as  major. 
Capt  Eraser's  marksmen,  or  rangers,  and  the 
Indians  already  mentioned,  made  up  Burgoyne's 
force." 

Rarely  had  a  braver  or  better  officered  little 
army  been  sent  to  its  destruction  than  this  of 
Burgoyne  ;  and  yet  it  would  seem  that  there  was 
something  radically  wrong,  both  in  its  leader, 
and  in  its  composition.  Lieut.-Gen.  Burgoyne, 
notwithstanding  his  brilliant  dash  in  Portugal 
with  a  handful  of  cavalry,  was  not  the  man  to 
surmount  unexpected  difficulties,  and  wring 
success  out  of  adverse  circumstances.  His  pur- 
suit of  the  Americans,  after  their  evacuation  of 
Ticonderoga,  was  rapid  and  brilliant,  it  is  true, 
but  his  stay  at  Skenesborough,  and  his  determina- 
tion to  sacrifice  real  to  seeming  progress  by 
hewing  a  way  through  the  woods  to  Fort  Edward, 
instead  of  returning  by  water  to  Ticonderoga, 
and  then  crossing  Lake  George,  was  feeble  in- 
deed, his  only  excuse  being  the  alleged  fear  that 
anything  that  lookfd  like  retracing  his  steps 
would  serve  to  inspirit  the  defeated  Americans ; 
whereas  the  course  he  pursued  gave  his  enemies 


Explanatory  Chapter.  Ixxxi 

much  more  time  to  recover  their  spirits  and 
assemble  troops  to  oppose  him,  than  the  other 
would  have  done.  Then  too,  when  celerity  of 
action  was  called  for  to  strike  the  enemy  advan- 
tageously, as  well  as  to  husband  his  provisions, 
which  were  brought  from  Canada  when  trans- 
portation was  scarce,  he  permitted  his  army  to 
be  encumbered  with  unnecessary  camp  followers. 
Among  them  were  a  number  of  women,  and 
some  children ;  for  it  is  notorious  that  the 
Baroness  Riedesel  and  her  young  family  and 
maids.  Lady  Harriet  Acland  and  her  maid,  Mrs. 
Harnage,  Mrs.  Reynal,  and  other  officers'  and 
soldiers'  wives  accompanied  Biirgoyne.'^  The 
London  Chronicle  for  Dec.  20-27,  1777,  says — 
"  There  were  many  women  and  children  in  Gen. 
Burgoyne's  camp  when  he  surrendered,  all  of 
whom  were  ordered  to  be  provided  for  by  Gen. 
Gates  ;  the  women  at  a  whole  ration,  the  children 
at  an-half."  A  "  Return  of  the  British  Troops 
who  draw  Provisions,  Prospect  Hill  22  Nov., 
1777,"  found  among  the  Heath  Papers,  gives 
215  women  ;  while  a  Provision  Return  of  the 
German  troops,  about  the  same  time,  gives  82 
women ;  making  297  women,  besides  officers' 
wives,  and  servants,  with  Burgoyne  at  Cambridge, 
a  month  after  his  surrender. 

Gen.  Phillips'  order  of  Aug.  19,  1777,  to  be 
found /»5J"/,  page  314,  in  regard  to  Gen.  Burgoyne's 
k 


Ixxxii        Explanatory  Chapter, 

baggage,  has  a  very  unpromising  look  for  the 
lieut. -general's  self  denial ;  and  it  is  known  that 
he  loved  good  eating  and  drinking,  and  was  sen- 
sual and  self  indulgent.  After  the  disastrous 
affair  of  Oct.  7th,  Burgoyne  seemed  smitten  with 
fatal  indecision.  Instead  of  actively  retreating  as 
he  might  then  have  done,  he  did  little  more  than 
talk  about  it ;  at  one  time  tardily  ordering  a  re- 
treat, then  inexplicably  deferring  it,  meanwhile, 
if  Madame  Riedesel  can  be  believed,  toying  with 
his  mistress — courting  Venus  instead  of  Mars.'' 

This  not  doing  the  right  thing  at  the  right 
time  appears  to  have  been  Burgoyne's  cardinal 
defect  in  his  American  campaign  ;  and  it  seems 
to  have  grown  upon  him.  Illustrations  of  this 
are  numerous.  He  did  not  hurry  his  advance 
through  to  Albany  when  his  capture  of  Ticon- 
deroga  and  his  brushing  the  Americans  from 
before  him  at  Hubbardton,  Fort  Ann,  Fort 
George  and  Skenesborough,  had  so  demoralized 
them  as  to  enable  him  to  accomplish  well  nigh 
whatever  he  should  dare  to  attempt.  He  did 
not  dispatch  light,  quick  moving  troops  on  the 
Bennington  raid,  where  mobility  was  all  import- 
ant ;  but  sent  cumbrous  dismounted  German  dra- 
goons ;  and  when  the  Americans,  inspirited  by 
St.  Leger's  repulse  and  the  victory  at  Bennington, 
had  been  allowed  time  to  recover  from  their 
July  panic  occasioned  by  the  reverses  of  that 
month,  and  to  concentrate  a  heavy  force  on  Bur- 


Explanatory  Chapter,       Ixxxiii 

goyne's  front,  the  latter  proposed  to  advance. 
What  he  had  failed  to  do  with  a  stricken  foe 
before  him,  he  now  attempted  to  do  when  con- 
fronted by  a  victorious  army,  and  when  the 
golden  opportunity  had  vanished.  He  had  lost  the 
prestige  of  uninterrupted  success ;  he  had  lost 
many  men  on  the  campaign  ;  the  Indians  had 
deserted  him  ;  and  Howe  had  unaccountably  left 
him  to  his  fate ;  still  he  proposed  to  advance ; 
and  his  only  reason,  as  afterwards  given,  was  that 
he  felt  bound  by  orders  that  he  considered  im- 
perative. If  he  could  tarry  so  long  on  the  road, 
on  the  score  of  obstacles  to  be  overcome,  it  is  a 
little  difficult  to  understand  why  even  his  con- 
struction of  orders  would  not  have  warranted  a 
further  delay,  if  necessary,  to  successfully  accom- 
plish his  purpose.  His  delay  in  July  cost  him  all 
chance  of  success  :  his  advance  in  September  was 
fatal  to  his  army.  What  his  adversary.  Gates, 
thought  of  this  movement,  is  clearly  indicated  in 
a  letter  he  addressed  "  To  the  Honorable  the 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  at  Bennington  to 
be  forwarded  to  the  Committees  to  the  East- 
ward thereof,"  which  reads  as  follows — 

"Camp  on  Bemus'  Heights,  Sept.  17,  1777. 

I  have  rec'd  certain  intelligence  that  Gen'l 
Burgoyne  has  caused  Skenesborough,  Fort  Ann, 
Fort  George,  Fort  Edward,  and  the  post  he 
lately  occupied  to  the  southward  of  Lake  George 


Ixxxiv        Explanatory  Chapter. 

and  Skenesboiough,  to  be  evacuated,  and  the 
Artillery  stores  and  provisions  to  be  brought  to 
his  army  now  at  Van  Veder's  Mills,  seven  miles 
north  of  this  camp,  except  some  heavy  cannon 
which  are  carried  to  the  five  mile  island  in  Lake 
George.  From  this  it  is  evident  the  Gen'l  de- 
signs to  risque  all  upon  one  rash  stroke,  it  is 
therefore  the  indispensable  duty  of  all  concerned 
to  exert  themselves  in  reinforcing  this  Army 
without  one  moment's  delay.  The  militia  from 
every  part  should  be  ordered  here  with  all 
possible  expedition. 

I  am  S*r  your 

Most  obedient  h'ble  ser't 
Horatio  Gates."  '^ 

On  the  4th  of  October  Gates  wrote  still  more 
significantly  of  the  character  of  Burgoyne,  in  a 
letter  of  that  date  to  Gen.  Clinton — **  Perhaps 
his  despair,"  said  Gates  ,  "  may  dictate  to  him 
to  risque  all  upon  one  throw ;  he  is  an  old 
gamester,  and  in  his  time  has  seen  all  chances. 
I  will  endeavour  to  be  ready  to  prevent  his  good 
fortune,  and,  if  possible,  secure  my  own."" 

It  would  seem  from  the  testimony  given  in 
^he  State  of  the  Expedition^  that  Burgoyne  was 
popular  with  many,  if  not  most  of  his  officers, 
and  yet  the  evidence,  taken  together,  is  far  from 
conclusive  on  that  point.  Gen.  Glover,  whose 
brigade  guarded   Gen.    Burgoyne's  troops   from 


Explanatory  Chapter,         Ixxxv 

Saratoga  to  Cambridge,  wrote  to  Gen.  Gates 
from  Marblehead,  Dec.  21st,  1777,  as  follows: — 
"  Many  of  Gen.  Burgoyne's  officers  are  very 
bitter  against  him — have  been  heard  to  say 
*  Damn  him,  he  could  call  a  Council  at  Saratoga, 
if  he  had  call'd  one  at  Fort  Edward  they  should 
not  have  been  made  Prisoners,  but  they  would 
do  his  business  for  him  when  they  got  home."" 

Another  unfortunate  element  in  Burgoyne's 
army  was  its  mixed  character  That  the  Ger- 
mans were  jealous  of  the  British,  is  indubitably 
indicated  in  the  Memoir,  Journal  and  Letters  of 
Major  General  Riedesel.  On  the  other  hand, 
there  is  little  less  doubt  that  the  British  enter- 
tained a  poor  opinion  of,  if  indeed  they  did  not 
despise  the  Germans.  Burgoyne  greatly  under- 
rated the  intelligence  of  his  provincial  officers, 
and  they  on  their  part,  were  justly  annoyed  at 
having  their  commissions  withheld  from  them. 
Being  required  by  the  government  to  employ 
Indians,  Burgoyne  speedily  disgusted  them  and 
their  leaders  ;  and  though  this  was  to  the  credit 
of  his  humanity,  yet,  in  a  military  view,  it  lost 
him  a  part  of  his  force,  already  too  small.  The 
organization  of  his  troops,  also,  lacked  cohesion, 
for  there  were  too  many  petty  bodies,  too  many 
small  battalions  and  unregimented  companies. 

Whatever  may  have    been  Burgoyne's   errors 
and   shortcomings,     however,    the    government 


Ixxxvi        Explanatory  Chapter, 

itself  was  the  real  cause  of  the  failure  of  the 
expedition,  as  it  promised  Burgoyne  co-operation 
from  New  York,  which  he  absolutely  required 
and  demanded,  and  then  it  neglected  to  give  Sir 
William  Howe  peremptory  orders  to  do,  what  it 
is  unaccountable  that  any  officer,  calling  himself 
a  general,  should  not  have  done,  even  in  the 
absence  of  orders.  Had  as  able  a  commander 
as  Sir  Guy  Carleton  been  in  the  place  of  either 
Burgoyne  or  Sir  William  Howe,  it  is  not  im- 
probable that  the  campaign  of  1777  would  have 
had  an  entirely  different  termination. 

A  few  words  in  regard  to  British  army  rank 
may  assist  some  readers  in  understanding  allu- 
sions in  the  orders  and  notes.  The  volunteers 
alluded  to  in  the  following  pages,  were  young 
gentlemen  joining  a  regiment  going  upon  ser- 
vice, and  doing  duty  with  that  corps  until  they 
could  get  commissions.  In  the  Austrian,  Prus- 
sian and  Russian  service  such  a  volunteer  would 
be  termed  a  cadet."  There  were  several  kinds 
of  rank  in  the  British  army.  Regimental  rank 
was,  of  course,  an  officer's  rank  in  his  regiment. 
Army  rank,  as  it  is  denominated  in  the  Army 
Lists,  was  usually  brevet  rank,  and  was  conferred, 
in  the  vast  majority  of  cases,  after  a  given  num- 
ber of  years  service  in  a  subordinate  grade, 
though  it  was  sometimes  conferred  lor  special 
merit.  If  an  officer,  however,  who  had  served 
in  one  regiment,  was  transferred   to  another  for 


"Explanatory  Chapter,      Ixxxvii 

any  reason,  he  would  take  his  regimental  rank 
from  the  date  of  hie  commission  in  the  regiment 
to  which  he  had  been  transferred,  but  his  army 
rank  in  that  grade  would  date  from  his  earliest 
promotion  to  it  in  any  regiment.  After  having 
been  borne  a  certain  number  of  years  on  the 
active  list  as  a  captain,  an  officer  was  promoted 
to  the  army,  or  brevet  rank  of  major,  and  so  on 
in  each  successive  grade  up  to  the  rank  of  gene- 
ral ;  but  a  majority  was  usually,  but  not  always, 
the  lowest  brevet.;"  As  a  colonel  was  the  high- 
est regimental  grade,  of  course,  all  above  that 
was  only  army  rank.'"  The  grade  of  brigadier- 
general  was  formerlv  a  distinctive  one  in  the 
army,  but  it  was  abolished  as  such,  about  the 
year  1748  ;  after  which  time  it  was  only  con- 
ferred temporarily,  and  (Ordinarily  upon  regimen- 
tal lieutenant-colonels.*"  It  was  usually  con- 
ferred for  a  war,  or  for  as  long  as  the  bearer 
should  serve  in  practically  the  same  field  of  ope- 
rations ;  as,  for  example,  during  the  American 
War,  as  the  British  termed  our  Revolutionary 
struggle.  Burgoyne's  brigadiers,  however,  were 
confined  to  much    more    narrow  limits,  as   indi- 

p.     Although    brevet   rank  is  usually  "  JVar  Office,  jfulf   i,  1783. 
stated  as   having  been  conferied  only  on  "  John    Wemyss,  l.Ue  Colonel  of  the 
officers  of  the  rank  of  captain,  or  above,  Sutherland  regiment    of  fencibles.    Cap- 
yet  the  following  promotions  copied  from  tain  in  the  army  by  brevet" 
the  London    Gazette,  plainly   show    that  "  ff^ar  Office,  December  f^,  1783. 
the  lower  grades  were  also  brcvetted.  "  To    be    Captain     in    the     army    by 
"  /far  Office,  November  28,  1780.  brevet,    Lieut.  John  Thomas  Layard,  of 

"  George  William  Ricketts,  Ensign  in  the    54th  regiment."*      [»H.    N.    513. 

the  Army  by  Brevet."*  »H.  R.    10,  577.] 


Ixxxviii      Explanatory  Chapter, 

cated  by  the  following  letter  from  Lord  George 
Germaine  to  Gen.  Carleton. 

"  Whitehall,  August  22,  1776. 

"Sir:  I  had  the  honour  to  lay  before  the 
King  your  letter  of  the  22d  of  June,  wherein 
you  acquaint  me  that  you  had  formed  the  Army 
into  four  Brigades,  and  given  the  command  of 
them  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  Nesbitt  of  the 
Forty-Seventh  Regiment,  Lieutenant -Colonel 
Frazer  of  the  24th  Regiment,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Powel  of  the  Fifty-Third,  and  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Gordon  of  the  Twenty-Ninth  ;  and 
his  Majesty  was  pleased  to  observe  thereupon, 
that  these  officers  might  continue  to  act  as 
Brigadiers  until  part  of  your  Army  should  be 
ordered  to  join  the  troops  under  the  command 
of  General  Howe,  and  that  then  their  rank  of 
Brigadiers  must  cease,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
impropriety  of  their  having  higher  rank  and  pay 
than  several  of  the  Lieutenant  Colonels  who  arc 
their  seniors  in  that  Army. 

"  You  will  here  permit  me  to  inform  you 
that  the  King,  upon  reading  that  part  of  your 
letter  of  the  20th  June,  where  you  take  notice 
of  the  troops  under  the  command  of  Major- 
General  Phillips,  was  pleased  to  observe,  that 
although  officers  of  Artillery,  when  ordered  on 
duty,  certainly  command  according  to  their  rank 
and  the  dates  of  their  commissions,  yet  that  it  has 


Explanatory  Chapter.        Ixxxix 

never  been  the  custom  of  the  British  service, 
nor,  as  it  is  apprehended,  of  any  other  in  Europe, 
that  either  General  officers  or  others  of  Artillery, 
should  roll  in  duty  with  the  officers  of  the  line ; 
and  that  Major-General  Phillips  having  acted 
under  you  in  that  predicament,  must  not  in 
future  be  considered  as  a  precedent. 

"  I  am  &c  &c  George  Germaine"*' 

This  arrangement  caused  Burgoyne  and  his 
brigadiers,  much  chagrin,  and  Burgoyne  in  a 
letter  to  Adjutant-General  Harvey,  dated  from 
the  Camp  on  the  River  Bouquet,  near  Lake 
Champlain,  June  22,  1777,  states  the  case  as 
follows : — "  I  have  been  exceedingly  distressed 
in  regard  to  the  brigadiers  of  this  army.  Sir 
Guy  Carleton,  the  day  I  took  leave  of  him,  put 
into  my  hands  an  extract  of  a  letter  from  the 
Secretary  of  War,  approving  the  appointment  of 
those  gentlemen,  but  observing,  that  when- 
ever any  of  them  should  lead  their  brigades  out  of 
the  province  of  Canada  ^  in  order  to  join  the  troops 
under  General  I iowey  there  would  be  a  necessity 
for    their    command    ceasing    as  brigadiers,  &c. 

"Were  this  to  be  put  in  execution,  according  to 
the  letter  of  the  order,  and  the  geographical 
limits  of  Canada,  and  supposing  Major  General 
Phillips  at  the  same  time  to  be  employed  solely 
in  the  artillery,  I  should  find  myself  at  the  head 
of  an  army  to  undertake  a  siege,  and  afterwards 
1 


xc  Explanatory  Chapter. 

pursue  objects  of  importance,  and  possibly  of 
time,  without  a  single  intermediate  British  offi- 
cer between  the  Lieutenant  General,  command- 
ing pro  tempore  in  chief,  and  a  Lieutenant 
Colonel.  It  would  be  preposterous  and  imper- 
tinent in  me  to  say  one  word  more  to  you  as  an 
officer,  upon  the  impossibility  of  methodizing  or 
conducting  such  an  army  with  such  a  total  defi- 
ciency of  staff  Had  Lord  Barrington  conde- 
scended to  have  communicated  his  intentions  to 
me  in  London,  I  think  I  could  have  convinced  him 
of  the  impropriety.  As  it  is,  I  must  conclude 
that  the  spirit  of  the  order  goes  only  to  prevent 
those  gentlemen  bearing  a  higher  rank  and  pay 
than  senior  lieutenant  colonels  serving  in  the 
same  army  ;  and  that  therefore  there  can  be  no 
fault  in  keeping  it  dormant  till  the  junction 
takes  place.  In  other  words,  I  look  upon  mine 
to  be  the  Canada  army  till  such  time  as  I  am  in 
communication  with  General  Howe,  so  as  to 
make  part  of  his  force,  and  consequently  with- 
out measuring  degrees  north  and  south,  that  the 
arrangements  made  in  Canada,  and  approved  by 
the  King,  remain  in  force  till  that  time. 

**  I  am  persuaded,  my  dear  General,  you  will 
support  me  in  this  liberty,  if  such  it  is  to  be 
called,  not  only  as  the  absolute  order  and 
method  of  the  service  depends  upon  it,  but  also 
to  avoid  to  these  gentlemen,  who  have  really 
great  merit,  the  vexation   and   the  ridicule   of 


Explanatory  Chapter,  xci 

being  deprived  of  their  rank  and  pay  in  the  hour 
of  that  very  service,  with  a  view  to  which  their 
appointment  was  originally  made.  I  think  I 
can  answer,  that  the  junction  made,  and  the 
reasons  for  reverting  to  their  former  ranks,  be- 
come obvious,  they  will  submit  to  his  Majesty's 
pleasure  without  a  murmur."** 

In  a  subsequent  letter  to  the  same  correspond- 
ent, written  at  Skenesborough,  July  iith,  Bur- 
goyne  again  adverts  to  the  matter  in  this  wise: — 
"  After  what  I  have  publicly  mentioned  of 
Fraser  I  am  sure  I  need  not  press  you  in  his 
favour.  I  cannot  but  feel  confident  in  the  hope 
that  his  Majesty's  grace  will  find  its  way  through 
all  obstacles  to  prevent  so  discouraging  a  circum- 
stance as  the  return  of  this  gallant  officer  to  the 
mere  dutv  of  lieutenant  colonel,  at  the  head  of 
one  battalion,  after  having  given  ascendancy  to 
the  King's  troops,  and  done  honour  to  hie  pro- 
fession, by  the  most  spirited  actions  in  critical 
periods  of  two  successive  campaigns."*' 

Local  rank  was  confined  to  certain  territorial 
limits,  and  was  held  by  an  officer  until  he  ob- 
tained the  same  army  rank,  when,  of  course, 
the  local  merged  in  the  broader  army  rank, 
which  latter  applied  to  the  officer  in  all  parts  of 
the  world.  Some  of  the  officers  referred  to  in 
this  volume,  will  serve  as  illustrations  of  the  ex- 
planations   attempted.     For     instance,    in    the 


xcii  Explanatory  Chapter, 

spring  of  1777,  Sir  Guy  Carleton  had  the  regi- 
mental rank  of  colonel  of  the  47th  Foot,  the 
army  rank  of  major-general,  and  the  local  rank 
of  "  general  in  America."  Major-General 
Phillips  was  a  major  in  the  Royal  Regiment  of 
Artillery,  a  -"Monel  in  the  army,  and  a  "major- 
general  in  America."  The  final  illustration 
shall  be  Capt.  Thomas  Aubrey  of  the  47th  Foot. 
At  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1814,  he  was  a  half- 
pay  captain  in  the  73d  Foot,  a  major  in  the 
army,  and  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Bucks 
County  Militia.* 

• 

The  officers  of  the  Guards  had  a  double  rank 
which  was  conferred  on  the  following  occasions. 
The  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  army  was 
granted  by  James  II,  in  1688,  to  the  captains; 
that  of  captain  by  William  III,  in  1691,  to  the 
lieutenants ;  and  that  of  lieutenant  to  the  en- 
signs, after  the  battle  of  Waterloo.^  As  officers, 
when  serving  in  their  regiments,  serve  in  their 
regimental  rank,  but  when  serving  on  detach- 
ment or  with  other  regiments,  have  the  benefit 
of  their  army  rank,  much  difficulty  ensued 
from  this  double  rank  of  the  Guards,  and  not 
a  little  embarrassment  was  caused  by  it  in  the 
detachment  of  Guards  serving  in  America  under 
Sir  William  Howe.**  This  extra  rank  will  not 
be  enjoyed  by  those  who  obtained  their  com- 
missions since  the  abolition  of  the  purchase 
system,  July  20th,    1871.**     There  were  various 


Explanatory  Chapter ^  xciii 

other  intricacies  of  rank  in  the  British  service  a 
century  ago,  some  of  which  still  exist ;  but  an 
explanation  of  them  is  not  necessary  for  a  proper 
understanding  of  either  the  text  or  the  notes. 

As  but  two  journals  by  British  participants  in 
Burgoyne's  campaign,  other  than  Hadden's,  have 
found  their  way  into  print,  a  i^vf  words  in  re- 
gard to  their  writers,  may  not  be  amiss.  Roger 
Lamb — the  author  of  An  Original  and  Authentic 
"Journal  of  Occurrences  during  the  late  American 
War^  from  its  commencement  to  thi  year  1783, 
published  in  Dublin  in  1809,  and  of  a  Memoir  of 
///jOi£'«Z///t',publishedat  Dublin  in  181 1, — anon- 
commissioned  officer  in  the  9th  Foot,was  born  in 
Dublin,  Jan  17,  1756,  and  was  the  youngest  of 
eleven  childen  "  of  humble,  industrious  and 
virtuous  parents,"  to  adopt  his  own  words. 
When  but  seventeen  years  of  age  he  enlisted  in 
the  9th  Foot,  then  stationed  at  Waterford,  in 
Ireland,  which  he  joined  Aug.  24,  1773.  He 
was  promoted  to  be  corporal  in  1775,  and 
being  too  weak,  from  sickness,  to  march  with 
his  regiment  when  it  left  Dublin  to  embark  for 
America,  he  followed  on  as  soon  as  he  was  able, 
and  reached  Cork  before  its  departure.  His  zeal 
secured  his  promotion  to  Serjeant,  and  he  em- 
barked, as  he  tells  us,  April  3,  1776,  on  the 
transport  Friendship,  at  the  cove  of  Cork  ;  sailed 
with  the  rest  of  the  fleet  on  the  8th  ;  and  ar- 
rived   at    Quebec,    May    26th.     He   served    in 


xciv  Explanatory  Chapter, 

Canada  in  1776,  and  on  Burgoyne's  campaign 
in  1777,  taking  part  in  the  battles  of  Hubbard- 
ton,  Freeman's  Farm,  and  Bemus*  Heights,  and 
being  included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention.  He 
escaped  from  the  Americans,  arrived  in  New 
York  Nov.  25,  1778,  and  immediately  joined  the 
23d  Foot,  or  Royal  Welch  Fuzileers,  in  which 
he  was  at  once  appointed  a  Serjeant.  He  served 
with  this  regiment  at  the  south,  and  again  be- 
came a  prisoner  upon  Cornwallis'  surrender. 
After  one  unsuccessful  attempt,  he  finally  made 
good  his  escape  from  the  Americans,  and  again 
reached  New  York,  as  an  escaped  prisoner, 
March  23,  1782.  At  the  British  evacuation  of 
New  York,  in  November,  1783,  he  returned  to 
England,  and  received  his  discharge,  after  twelve 
years  service.  After  the  war  he  became  a 
schoolmaster,  and  it  is  easy  to  see  that  his  educa- 
tion was  far  superior  to  the  great  majority  of  his 
rank  at  that  time  in  the  British  army  ;  indeed,  he 
says  in  his  Journal,  [p.  388.]  — "  After  the 
army  under  Lord  Cornwallis  became  prisoners,  I 
was  attached  to  the  general  hospital.  I  had 
frequenily  officiated  as  an  assistant  surgeon,  both 
in  the  9th  and  23d  regiments ;  and  sometimes, 
when  we  h  ad  not  a  professional  surgeon,  I  had 
endeavoured  to  do  that  duty,  to  the  best  of  my 
knowledge."  His  petition  for  a  pension,  25 
years  after  his  discharge,  gives  his  own  summary 
of  his  military  career. 


Explanatory  Chapter,  xcv 

"  Dublin,  January  7,  1809. 
"To  His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  York, 
Commander  in  Chief  of  His  Majesty's  Forces ; 
the  Memorial  of  R.  Lamb,  late   Serjeant  in  the 
Royal  Welch  Fuzileers, 

"  Humbly  shewcth, 

"  That  Memorialist  served  in  the  Army 
twelve  years,  in  the  9th  and  23d  Regiments  of 
Foot,  eight  years  of  which  was  in  America, 
under  the  command  of  Generals  Burgoyne  and 
Cornwallis;  during  which  time  he  was  in  Six 
pitched  Battles,  Four  Sieges,  several  important 
Expeditions,  was  twice  taken  prisoner,  and  as 
often  made  his  escape  to  the  British  Army  :  viz. 
First,  in  1778,  when  prisoner  with  General  Bur- 
goyne's  Army,  he  escaped,  with  two  men,  whom 
he  brought  with  him  to  General  Sir  "Henry 
Clinton,  at  New  York;  Secondly,  in  1782, 
when  taken  with  Lord  Cornwallis's  Army,  he 
eluded  the  vigilance  of  the  American  guards, 
and  conducted  under  his  command,  seven  men 
to  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  the  then  Commander  in 
Chief  in  said  City,  to  both  of  whom  he  gave 
most  important  Intelligence  respecting  the 
enemy's  Army,  for  which  service  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  General  Birch,  then  commandant  of 
the  City,  his  first  Clerk,  and  Adjutant  to  the 
Merchants*  Corps  of  Volunteers  there. 

"That  in  the  battle  of  Camden,  in  South 
Carolina,  he  had  the  honour  of  carrying  the  Regi- 


xcvi  Explanatory  Chapter, 

mental  Colours,  and  immediately  after  was  ap- 
pointed temporary  Surgeon  to  the  Regiment, 
having  had  some  little  knowledge  of  physic,  and 
received  the  approbation  of  all  his  Officers  for 
his  care  of  the  sick  and  wounded. 

"That  at  the  battle  of  Guilford  Court- House, 
in  North  Carolina,  he  had  the  heartfelt  pleasure 
of  saving  Lord  Cornwallis  from  being  taken 
prisoner,  and  begs  leave  with  profound  deference 
to  state,  that  he  was  always  chosen  one  of  the 
first  Serjeants  to  execute  any  enterprise  that  re- 
quired intrepidity,  decision,  and  judgment  for  its 
accomplishment. 

"  That  Memorialist  being  now  far  advanced 
in  life,  humbly  solicits  your  Royal  Highness  to 
recommend  him  for  a  military  pension,  which 
would  smooth  his  declining  years,  and  be  most 
gratefully  received  as  a  remuneration  for  the 
many  times  he  has  risked  his  life  and  limbs  in 
his  Majesty's  service. 

"  That  for  the  truth  of  these  facts,  he  most 
humbly  refers  to  General  H.  Calvert  and 
Colonel  Makenzie." 

"  To  which  Memorial  the  following  Answer 
was  received  : 


Adjutant  General's  Office. 

The     Adjutant-General     informs     Serjeant 
Roger    Lamb,    that   the   usual    Authority    has 


« 


Explanatory  Cfiapter,  xcvii 

been  given  by  the  Secretary  at  War,  for  placing 
him  upon  the  Out  Pension  of  Chelsea  Hospital, 
dispensing  with  his  personal  appearance  before 
the  Board. 

"  Horse- Guards,  25th  Jan.,  1809." 

Thomas  Anburey  was  the  author  of  Travels 
through  the  Interior  Parts  of  America.  In  a  Series 
of  Letters.  By  an  officer — published  in  London  in 
1789,  a  new  edition  of  which  appeared  in  1791. 
Two  French  translations  of  this  work  were 
issued  at  Paris,  one  in  1790,  and  the  other  in 
1793;  and  a  German  translation,  published 
at  Berlin,  appeared  in  ^792.  Anburey  em- 
barked at  Cork  for  Quebec,  as  a  volunteer,  with 
the  care  of  some  recruits  for  the  47th  Foot,  on 
board  the  transport  Howe,  about  the  middle  of 
August,  1776;  and,  after  a  fatiguing  passage  of 
eleven  weeks,  attended  with  no  little  danger, 
safely  arrived  at  his  destination.  He  spent  the 
winter  at  Montreal,  and  in  1777  ^^^^  P*''^  *" 
Burgoyne's  campaign,  being  attached,  as  a 
volunteer,  to  the  grenadier  company  of  the  29th 
Foot,  then  commanded  by  Lord  Petersham. 
He  was  at  the  battle  of  Hubbardton  ;  and 
August  10,  i777f  he  received  a  commission  as 
ensign  in  the  24th  Foot.*  He  was  at  Freeman's 
Farm  and  Bemus'  Heights,  was  included  in  the 
Saratoga  Convention,  and  remained  in  captivity 
till  Sept.,  1 78 1,  the  last  of  which  month  he  em- 
m 


xcviii  Explanatory  Chapter, 

barked  at  New  York,  on  the  packet  Swallow, 
for  England,  arriving  at  Falmouth  on  the  1 5th 
of  the  following  December.**  His  name  appears 
in  the  British  Army  Lists  for  the  last  time  in 
1782;  and  he  must  have  left  the  army  late  in 
1782,  or  early  in  17S3,  as  John  Britland  Hol- 
lings  was  gazetted  Feb.  19,  1783,  as  an  ensign 
in  the  24th  Foot,  vice  Anburey.  No  trace  of 
this  officer's  subsequent  jareer  has  been  found. 
The  United  Service  Journal  for  Dec,  1840, 
part  3,  p.  517,  contains  a  sketch  of  Sir  Thomas 
Anburey,  K.  C.  B.,  of  the  Bengal  Engineers, 
who  was  commissioned  as  ensign  of  engineers 
by  the  Court  of  Directors,  July  9,  1783  ;  and 
who  died  March  31,  1840,  aged  80  ;  ^j  years 
of  his  life  having  been  spent  in  the  East  India 
Company's  service.  Sir  Thomas  might  well 
enough  have  been  the  ensign  of  that  name  on 
Burgoyne's  campaign,  for  when  he  entered  the 
East  India  service  he  must  have  been  23  ;  and, 
had  he  entered  the  British  army  in  1776,  he 
would  then  have  been  16,  which  was  not  too 
young  for  him  to  have  joined  the  service,  as 
Lamb,  in  his  Memoir,  in  speaking  of  the  battle 
of  Hubbardton,  says — "Three  subalterns  of  the 
20th  regiment  on  this  occasion,  the  oldest  of 
whom  did  not  exceed  the  age  of  seventeen  years, 
were  buried  together."  The  sketch  of  Sir 
Thomas,  above  alluded  to,  makes  no  mention  of 
his  having  served  in  the  British  army,  nor  to  his 


Explanatory  Chapter,  xcix 

having  written  a  book  of  travels  in  America, 
which  militates  against  the  probability  of  his 
being  the  same  person  as  the  ensign  in  the  24th 
Foot,  of  the  same  name. 

Before  concluding,  some  mention  of  two  of 
the  authorities,  frequently  referred  to  in  this 
volume,  should,  likewise,  be  made.  The  Haldi- 
mand  Papers  used  by  the  editor,  is  the  copy  in 
the  Archives  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada  at 
Ottawa,  made  from  the  original  in  the  British 
Museum,  and  which  have  never  been  printed. 
When  the  editor  was  in  Ottawa,  in  1881,  but 
about  one  hundred  of  the  two  hundred  and 
thirty  odd  volumes  composing  the  set,  had  been 
copied,  and  hence  that  is  all  to  which  he  has 
had  access. 

The  British  Army  Lists,  which  have  fur- 
nished a  vast  fund  of  information  for  the  bio- 
graphical sketches  of  officers  mentioned  in  this 
volume,  date,  by  authority ^  from  1741  ;  but  the 
set  in  the  Astor  Library — the  one  used  by  the 
editor — only  extends  back  to  1754.  The  early 
volumes  do  not  contain  the  regiments  on  the 
Irish  Establishment,  and  the  first  twenty-four 
volumes  have  no  indexes.  Indeed  the  Army 
List  of  1765  is  the  first  to  contain  an  index  of 
officers  of  cavalry  and  infantry  regiments  on 
active  service;  and  that  of  1789,  an  index  of 
half-pay  officers.  The  List  of  1785  is  the  first 
to  include  in  its  index,  the  officers  of  the  Royal 


c  Explanatory  Chapter, 

Artillery  and  Royal  Engineers  on  active  service; 
and  it  was  not  until  i  803  that  the  indexes  were 
sufficiently  perfected  to  include  officers  on  full, 
and  half-pay,  all  together.  The  indexes  for 
years  were  wretched  affairs,  and  the  Lists  them- 
selves are  full  of  errors  and  omissions  ;  so  that  it 
becomes  a  writer,  that  delves  in  them  for  infor- 
mation, and  relies  on  them  for  facts,  to  have  the 
distinct  understanding  with  his  reauers,  that  his 
statements  are,  in  accountants'  parlance,  made 
"  with  errors  and  omissions  excepted."  [*B.  T. 
under  Bremer  of  the  Priory.  *B.  H.  'G.  .U 
*E.  Z,  ^H.  I.  'C.  Z.  179,399.  ^E.  N.  475. 
'E.  A.  1118.  'U.  439,  '°B.  S.  '4C.  S.  400. 
"B.  N.  96,  app.  27.  "B.  H  :  K.  S.  133  :  G.  E. 
•*L.  T.  852  :  G.  D.  '^G.  939-941  :  H.  456-458: 
K.  D.  346,  370.  '^G.  1186:  H.  F.  198,  305, 
342,  368,  387  :  K.  M.  32,  33,  38,  39,  42:  G. 
V.  71.  '^K.  E.  147:  K.  L.  61,  66.  '*G.  1081  : 
H.  458.  "G.  940  :  H.  803,  1005.  "'G.  940  :  F. 
903.  "H.  F,  90:  C.  U.  21,  23.  "G.  N.  ^'E.  6. 
•^G.  V.  65.  ^'B.  N.  app.  28.  ^'G.  V.  ^^E.  Z. 
^Q.  Z.  164,  316,  417.  ^^C.  Z.  281  :  D.  C.  i-]-]. 
»°C.Z.  "K.  M.  154.  '*I.  T.  12,  15,  25,  28,  29. 
"H.  271,  276,  358.  '*K.  M:  K.  N:  .BM. 
155-164:  H.  273-276.  "B.N.  app.  34:  K.  M  : 
K.  N:  B.  M:  E.  Z.  '"K.  L.  112-115,  129,  131: 
B.  N  87.  "K.  L.  125.  '*M.  L.  170.  "D.  R. 
*"A.  T.  118,  150.  *'I.  1104.  '♦^B.  N,  app.  32. 
«B.  N.  app.  33.  ^M.  B.  455-457.  '^^H.  J.  123. 
**0.  P.     ^'H.  T.  T.  296.J 


LIEUT.  HADDEN'S  JOURNAL. 


ARCH  4th  1776,  I  embarked  on 
board  an  Ordnance  Transport,  des- 
tined for  iluebec,  and  lost  sight  of 
England  May  2nd,  1776. 

After  a  pleasant  passage  1  arrived  on  the  Coast 
of  America  and  discover'd  Land  the  21st  June, 
and  on  the  1 2th  July  landed  at  Quebec. 

The  T3th  July  I  disembarked  the  Light  Ar- 
tillery &c.,  and  putting  them  on  board  Batteaux's, 
with  the  Detachment  proceeded  up  the  St.  Law- 
rence. In  Lake  St.  Piere,  we  met  with  such 
violent  weather  as  to  oblige  us  to  run  the  Bat- 
teaux's  on  the  Lee  Shore,  where  we  landed  the 
Stores,  as  many  of  the  Batteaux's  filled  with 
water ;  the  day  tbllowing  being  more  moderate  we 
proceeded  on  our  route.  Arriving  at  the  conflux 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Sorei  Rivers  we  proceeded 
up  the  latter  ;  there  being  a  very  strong  current, 
the  Canadian  Boat-men  landed  and  drew  us  up 
with  Cords. 


2 


Lieut,  HaddetCs  JournaL 


July  23d,  I  arrived  at  Chamblee  Fortj  errected 
at  the  lower  part  of  the  Rapids  which  break  off 
the  water  communication  to  St.  Johns,  a  distance 
of  15  miles. 

The  Fort  at  Chamblee  or  rather  the  Shell  of  a 
large  square  House  loop  holed,  is  an  ancient 
structure  raised  about  50  Feet,  totaly  of  Masonry 
and  intended  as  a  defence  against  the  sudden 
attack  of  the  Savages.  It  was  surrender'd  by 
Major  StopfordQ  (last  year)  to  the  Rebels  (who 
brought  I  Gun  &  a  Horse  load  of  powder 
against  it,)  after  firing  a  few  Shot :  and  he  neg- 


q.  The  Honorable  Joseph  Stop- 
ford  was  the  fourth  ton  of  Jame*  Stop- 
ford,  first  Viscount  Stopford  and  Earl  of 
Courtown,  in  the  Irish  Peerage,  by  his 
wife,  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  Doct. 
Edward  Smyth,  Lord  Bishop  of  Down 
and  Connor,  and  was  baptized  Nov.  ii, 
1 74 1.'  He  probably  entered  the  mili- 
tary service  Nov.  6,  17S9»  **  *  cornet. 
in  the  i8th  Light  Dragoons;  but  this 
cannot  be  affirmed  positively,  as  no  Chris- 
tian   name  of  the Stopford  in  the 

1 8th  Dragoons  is  given  in  the  Army 
Lists.  Be  that  as  it  may,  however,  he 
was  commissioned  as  captain  in  the  107th 
Foot,  or  Queen's  Own  Royal  Regiment 
of  British  Volunteers,  Oct  12,  1761,  a 
new  regiment  just  raised,  and  which  was 
reduced  at  the  peace  of  1763,  the  officers 
going  upon  half  pay.  He  soon  returned 
to  service  again  as  he  was  commissioned 
as  captain  in  the  7th  Foot,  or  Royal 
Fuzileers,  March  10,  1764,  and  major, 
Oct.  27,  177a,  accompanying  his  regi- 
ment to  America  in  1774.'  As  stated  in 
the  text,  he  was  captured  at  Chambly, 
but  he  seems  not  to  have  been  over 
mindful  of  the  obligations  of  his  parole 


while  a  prisoner,  as  we  find  in  the  doings 
of  Congress  for  Dec.  4,  1775,  the  fol- 
lowing entry  j  —  "  Information  being 
given  to  Congress  that  Major  Stopford, 
notwithstanding  his  parole,  is  endeavour- 
ing to  debauch  the  minds  of  the  people, 
Resoi-ved,  That  the  Delegates  of  New 
Jersey  be  directed  to  write  to  the  Com- 
mittee of  Trenton,  and  desire  them  to 
inquire  into  the  conduct  and  behaviour  of 
Major  Stopford  and  the  officers  there, 
and  report  to  Congress. "3  He  became 
a  lieut.-col.  in  the  army,  Aug.  29, 
1777,  and  lieut.-col.  of  t.he  15th  Foot 
Jan.  31,  1778,  which  regiment  was  then 
in  America.  His  last  commission  was  ai 
colonel  in  the  army,  and  was  dated  Nov. 
20,  1782.'  He  died  unmarried  at  Wex- 
ford, in  Ireland,  June  29,  1786.  Hit 
eldest  brother,  James,  was  the  second  Earl 
of  Courtown,  in  the  Irish  Peerage,  and 
first  Lord  Saltersford,  in  the  British  Peer- 
age. His  second  brother,  Edward,  be- 
came a  major-general ;  and  his  third 
brother,  Thomas,  became  Lord  Bishop  of 
Cork  and  Ross,  the  family  consisting  of 
six  sons  and  six  daughters.'  ['  C.  D.  449. 
•B.  H.     3E.  1941.] 


Lieut,  Hodden's  JournaL  3 

lecting  to  destroy  a  large  quantity  of  powder 
then  in  the  Forty  they  were  enabled  to  return 
and  attack  Fort  St.  John.  The  powder  might 
have  been  thrown  into  the  Rapids  as  the  Fort  is 
immediately  above  them.  There  was  also  a  fVell 
in  the  Fort.  Timidity  and  Folly  in  this  instance 
seems  to  have  been  the  cause  of  all  the  succeed- 
ing misfortunes  in  Canada.  I  did  not  learn  that 
any  Men  were  Killed  or  wounded  in  the  Fort, 
and  it  certainly  might  have  held  out  long  enough 
for  the  Enemy  to  have  expended  all  thetr  ammu- 
nition, in  which  case  they  must  have  abandoned 
their  enterprise.  On  the  contrary  with  the  above 
supplies  they  besieged  and  took  St.  Johns  in 
about  Six  weeks. 

July  24th  I  waited  on  M.  Gen'l  Phillips'*  & 
made  my  report,  and  on  the  25th  he  was 
pleased  to  give  out  the  following  order. 

Brigade  Orders.     Chamblee 
Camp  25th  July  1776. 

"Lieut.  Hadden  having  joined  the  Detachment 
and  made  his  report  to  Major  Gen'l  Phillips,  the 
Major  Gen'l  in  justice  to  him  declares  himself 
perfectly  satisfied  with  every  step  he  has  taken  in 
which  he  has  conducted  himself  in  all  respects 
like  a  good  Officer" 
(Signed)  T.  Blomfield.«  Maj*r  of  Brig.  &c. 

r.     Sec  Appendix  I.  i.     See  Appendix  i. 


4.  Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL 

About  the  2nd  of  August,  Brigadier  Gen'l  Gor- 
don '   was  wounded  and  died.  Lord  Petersham  «* 


t.  Pitrick  Gordon  wai  commisiioaed 
capt. -lieutenant  of  the  Royals,  or  ist 
Foot,  Jan.  12,1755.  He  was  promoted 
to  be  captain  in  the  ad  Battalion  of  that 
regiment,  Feb.  16,  1756,  and  major  of 
the  108th  Foot,  Oct.  17,  1761.  At 
the  peace  of  1763  the  io8th  was  dis- 
banded, and  he  went  upon  half  pay. 
He  became  a  lieut.-colonel  in  the  army 
May  25,  1772;  and  on  the  7th  of 
Feb.,  1777,  he  returned  to  active  ser- 
vice as  lieut.-colonel  of  the  29th  Foot, 
which  was  then  under  orders  for  Can- 
ada. He  crossed  the  Atlantic  with  his 
corps  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  and  soon 
after  his  arrival  in  Canada  was  appointed 
a  brigadier  general,  his  brigade  consist- 
ing of  the  2ist,  62dand  29th  regiments. 
He  was  posted  at  Montreal  until  June 
1 8th,  1776,  when  he  was  ordered  to  La 
Prairie,  at  which  post  he  commanded 
when  he  died. 

The  British  version  of  Gordon's  death 
as  given  by  Anburey  in  the  first  volume 
of  his  Travels,  p.  256,  is  as  follows: 
^'In  my  last  I  mentioned  to  you  the 
name  of  one,  Whitcomb,  a  native  of 
■Connecticut,  and  a  great  partizan  of  the 
Americans,  who,  after  the  defeat  upon 
the  Lakes,  offered  his  service  to  venture 
through  the  woods,  and  bring  in  prisoner 
an  English  ufiicer,  for  which  purpose  he 
^stationed  himself  among  the  thickest 
copses  that  are  between  La  Pratri  and  St 
John's.  The  first  officer  who  happened 
to  pass  him  was  Brigadier  General 
Gordon ;  he  was  mounted  on  a  spirited 
horse,  and  Whitcomb  thinking  there 
was  little  probabllty  of  seizing  him,  fired 
at  and  wounded  him  in  the  shoulder. 
The  General  immediately  rode  as  fast  as 
he  could  to  the  camp  at  St  John's,  which 
he  had  but  just  reached,  when  with  loss  of 


blood  and  fatiane,  be  fiell  from  hU  hone; 
some  soldiers  took  him  op  and  carried 
him  to  the  hospital,  where,  after  hii 
wound  was  dressed,  and  be  wa*  a  little 
at  ease,  he  related  tbe  circumatance, 
which  being  immediately  made  known 
to  General  Carleton,  a  party  of  Indians 
were  sent  out  to  Koor  tbe  woods,  and 
search  for  Whitcomb,  bat  in  vain,  as  he 
hastened  back  to  Ticonieroga.  General 
Carleton,  however,  imagining  be  might 
be  lurking  about  tbe  w<m>1s,  or  secreted 
in  the  house  of  some  disaflected  Can- 
adian, issued  out  a  proclamation  among 
the  inhabitants,  oflcring  a  reward  of 
fifty  guineas  to  any  one  that  would  bring 
Whitcomb,  alive  or  dead,  to  the  camp. 
A  few  days  after  tb'^s  General  Gordon 
died  of  his  wound,  in  wboae  death  we 
sincerely  lamented  tbe  la»  of  a  brave  and 
experienced  officer.  When  Whitcomb 
returned  to  Ticonderoga,  and  informed 
the  General  who  commanded  there,  that 
although  be  could  not  take  an  officer 
prisoner,  he  believed  be  bad  m  irtally 
wounded  one,  the  General  expressed  his 
disapprobation  in  the  highest  terms,  and 
was  so  much  displeased  at  the  trans- 
action, that  Whitcomb,  in  order  to  ef- 
fect a  reconciliation,  oflned  bis  service 
to  go  again,  professing  be  would  forfiut 
his  life,  if  he  did  not  return  with  a  pris- 
oner." 

The  American  account  as  given  by 
Wilkinson,  Gates's  aid,  reflects  much 
more  strongly  upon  tbe  perpetrator. 
Wilkinson  calls  bim  an  assassin,  inti- 
mates that  he  ibot  the  British  general 
in  the  hope  of  plunder,  which  is  un- 
doubtedly incorrect,  and  closes  hia  nar- 
rative of  the  affair  in  this  wise — "Thi« 
abominable  outrage  on  the  customs  of 
war  and  the  laws  of  hnminitj,  produced 


u.     See  Appendix  3. 


Lieut,  Hadde?i*s  yQurnaL 


narrowly  escaped  the  same  fate.  The  distance 
between  St.  Johns  2indi  Montreal,  passing  by  Cham- 
bleey  is  about  30  Miles :  on  this  Road  the  Army 
lay  encamped  or  Canton'd,  but  there  was  a  shorter 
route  by  La  Prairie,  and  this  tho.  unguarded,  was 
thought  secure  from  the  distance  &  panic  of 
the  Enemy,  and  Officers  constantly  trnvell'd  it 
without  escorts.  The  Rebels  having  information 
of  this  circumstance  and  wishing  for  intelligence, 
detached  one  Whitcomby  with  four  others  to  way 
lay  this  Road,  and  they  succeeded  but  too  well. 
Whitcomb  shot  Gen'l  Gordon  when  he  might  have 
taken  him  Prisoner.    The  day  following  he  seized 


a  sensation  of  strong  disgust  in  the  army, 
■nd  men  of  sensibility  and  honour  did  not 
conceal  their  abhorrence  of  its  perpe- 
trator. Yet  it  was  impossible,  in  the  tem- 
per of  the  times,  to  bring  him  to  punish- 
ment, without  disaffecting  the  fighting 
men  on  that  whole  frontier.  But  if  he 
could  not  be  punished  consistently  with 
sound  policy,  yet  his  promotion  to  a 
Biajority  the  ensuing  winter,  not  only 
sanctioned  the  murder  but  rewarded  the 
murderer." 

Whitcomb's  own  report  of  his  con- 
duct is  to  be  found  in  the  American 
Archives,  5  Series,  Vol.  I,  828,  and  is 
entitled  "A  journal  of  a  Scout  from 
Crown-Point,  to  St.  John's,  Chambly, 
ftc„,  &c.,  by  Lieutenant  Benjamin  Whit- 
comb and  four  men,  as  follows";  &c., 
&c.  It  covers  the  time  from  July 
I4tl),  the  day  of  his  setting  out,  to  Au- 
gust 6th,  the  day  of  his  return.  Th« 
journal  for  July  ajd,  a+th,  and  a5th,  is 
u  follows  :  "Twenty-third,  early  in  the 
morning,  I  returned  to  my  former  place 
of  abode,  staid  there  the  whole  day,  saw 


twenty  three  carts  laden  with  barrels 
and  tents  going  to  St  John's.  Twenty- 
fourth,  staid  at  the  same  place  till  about 
twelve  o'clock,  then  fired  on  an  officer, 
and  moved  immediately  into  Chambly 
road  ;  being  discovered,  retreated  back 
into  the  woods  and  staid  till  night; 
then  taking  the  road  and  passing  the 
guards  till  I  came  below  Chambly,  find- 
ing myself  discovered,  was  obliged  to 
conceal  myself  in  the  brush  till  dark.  The 
15th  instant,  on  which  I  made  my  es- 
cape by  the  guards,  I  saw  upwards  of 
forty  carts  preparing  to  go  to  St.  John'i, 
and  I  judge  there  were  lying  at  that  place 
and  on  the  road  about  one  full  regiment 
of  Regulars."  From  Whitcomb's  man- 
ner of  writing  it  would  seem  that  he 
was  ignorant  of  the  character  of  the 
officer  he  had  shot,  at  the  time  of  mak- 
ing the  entry  in  his  journal. 

Gen.  Gordon  died  of  his  wounds  Aug. 
1st,  and  was  buried  at  Montreal  on  thi 
3d,  with  full  military  honors.  [B.  H. 
M.  T.  6y.  H.  y.  45.  K.  M.  58. 
F.   E.  »9.     F.  B.  zo.  ] 


6  Lieut.  HadderCs  Journal, 

&  carried  off,  the  Qr.  Master  «  of  the  29th  Reg't 
and  a  Noncommissioned  Officer,  who  knew 
nothing  of  the  late  accident.  Whitcomb  returned 
by  the  edge  of  Lake  Champlain  and  got  safe  into 
Tyconderoga  with  his  Prisoners  tho.  pursued  by 
the  Savages. 

A  Flag  of  Truce  arriving  from  the  Rebels  occa- 
sioned the  following  production. 


•V.     Alexander  Saunders    became  the 
quarter-master  of  the  29th    Foot,  Sept. 
17, 1775,  and  an  eniign  Feb.  27,  1776.' 
The   American    Lieut.  Whitcomb    with 
two  men    disguised  a*   countrymen,  left 
Ticonderoga  on  a  scout  in  August,  1776, 
and  the  following  extract  from  his  jour 
nal  for  Sept.   1 3,  and  tome   subsequent 
days,  refers  to  Quarter-master  Saunders. 
"13th,  saw  seventy-two  /n^aiii,  armed, 
returning  from  St.    Ji.hnt  for  Montreal. 
Before  they  were  out  of  my  tight,  I  saw 
two  persons  coming  after  them;    when 
they  came  against  me,  I   found  them  to 
be  the  enemy ;  I  immediately  stepped  out 
and  told  them  they  were  my  prisoners, 
and  must  immediately  go  to  Ticonderoga 
and  see  General  Gates.     They  asked  me 
whether  I  was  not  a   Canadian,  at  they 
were  sure  I  was  no  soldier.     I  told  them 
soldier  or  not,  they  must  go  with  me  ; 
and  I  immediately  ordered  tbem  to  march 
out  of  the  road  ;    and  they  then  offered 
me  sums  of  money  to  let  them  go.     I 
told  them  I  would  not  for  all  the  money 
King  George  was  worth.     We  marched 
that  night  about  eight  miles.     The  14th, 
marched    about    twelve    miles;      iSth, 
came  to  the  place  where  the  vessels  lay 
when  I  left  them,  and  found  them  gone, 
which  surprised  the  prisoners  very  much, 
at  we  were  just  out  of  provitiont,  and  we 
were  greatly  afraid  of  itarving.     I  told 
them  their  fleet  had  most  certainly  taken 


ours  or  drove  them  off,  with  an  intent  to 
try  them.     They  asked   me  the  strength 
of  our  fleet ;   I  told  them  ;  they  said  it 
was  impossible  for  them  to  drive  ut,  that 
our  fleet  had  not  gone  far.      We  marched 
about  six  miles,  and  came  in  sight  of  a 
fleer,  to  a  river  which  we  could  not  pats. 
The    Indians    frequently    came  there  to 
view  our  vessels,  and  the  ground  being 
so  wet  in  other  places  we  were  obliged  to 
lie  there  that  night,  and  tent  off  a  man 
to  the     vessels,  who    arrived    next  day 
about  ten    o'clock    with  a    batteau — he 
crossed  the  river  on  a  small  raft.  i6tb, 
we  immediately  went  on   board  the  bat- 
teau, and  in  about  two  hours  got  to  the 
vessels."     On  the  2itt    they  arrived  at 
Ticonderoga.'    G«n.  Gates,  in  forwarding 
Lieut.    Whitcomb't  report    to  the  preti- 
dent  of  congress  under  date  of  Sept.  30th, 
says ;  "Your  Excellency  will  find  in  the 
packet  an  extract  of  Lieutenant  ff^bit- 
comb's  journal  of  his    last    scout  to    St 
John's.    I  have  taken  Ensign  and  Quar- 
ter-master Saunders's  parole,  and  ordered 
him  and    his  servant,    the    corporal,   to 
Lancaster  in  Pennsylvania.     I  must  now 
beg  leave  to  recommend  Lieutenant  fVbit- 
comb  as   a  very    proper  person    to    have 
the  command  of  two  independent  com- 
panies of  fifty  men  each,  to  be  recruited 
by  himself,  and  the  officers  to  be  com- 
missioned  agreeable  to  his  recommenda- 
tion.     I    never   knew   any   man   more 


Lieut.  HaddefCs  Journal » 


Orders  by  Gen'l  Carlton. 
Head  Quarters  Quebec  Augt.  4th,  1776. 

"The  commanding  Officers  of  Corps  will  take 
especial  care  that  every  one  under  their  command 
be  informed,  that  Letters,  or  messages  from  Rebels, 
Traitors  in  Arms  against  the  King,  Rioters,  dis- 
turbers of  the  public  Peace,  Plunderers,  Robbers, 
Assassins,  or  Murderers,  are  on  no  occasion  to 
be  admitted  :  That  shou'd  emmissaries  from  such 
lawless    Men    again    presume    to    approach    the 


capable  of  doing  good  service  in  the 
ranging  or  scouting  way,  than  Lieutenant 
fyhitcomb  ;  and  his  sobriety,  honour,  and 
truth,  illustrate  his  military  talents."3 

The  British  Ensign  Anburey,  in  his 
Travels,  under  date  of  June  12th,  1777, 
gives  Saunders*  version  of  his  experience 
as  follows,  the  extract  from  Anburey 
being  a  continuation  of  that  given  in 
the  sketch  of  Gen.  Gordon.  "He," 
(»,  e.  Whitcomb)  "accordingly,  with  two 
other  men,  proceeded  down  Laice  Cham- 
plain,  in  a  canoe,  to  a  small  creek,  where 
the"  secreted  it,  and  repaired  to  the 
wooa  .  to  the  same  spot  where  Whit- 
coikt'i  had  stationed  himself  before ;  the 
two  men  lay  concealed  a  little  way  in  the 
wood,  whilst  he  skulked  about  the  bor- 
ders of  it.     The  regiment  of  which  our 

firiend  S is  Quarter-master,  having 

occasion  for  some  stores  from  Montreal, 
he  was  going  from  the  camp  at  St.  John's 
to  procure  them  ;  he  was  advised  not  to 
go  this  road,  but  by  way  of  Chamblee,  on 
account  of  the  late  accident,  but  you 
know  him  to  be  a  man  of  great  bravery 
and  personal  courage,  joined  with  uncom- 
mon strength;  resolving  not  co  go  so 
many  miles  out  of  his  road  for  any  Whit- 


comb whatever,  he  jocosely  added,  that 
he  should  be  very  glad  to  meet  with  him, 
as  he  was  sure  he  should  get  the  reward ; 
in  this,  howevet,  he  was  greatly  mistaken, 
his  reward  being  no  other  than  that  of  being 
taken  prisoner  himself.  Previous  to  his 
setting  out  he  took  every  precaution,  har- 
ing  not  only  loaded  his  fusee,  but  charged 
a  brace  of  pistols ;  when  he  came  near 
to  the  woods  I  have  already  described, 
he  was  very  cautious,  but  in  an  instant, 
Whitcomb  and  the  two  men  he  had  with 
him  sprung  from  behind  a  thick  bush, 
and  seized  him  before  he  could  make  the 
least  resistance ;  they  then  took  from 
him  his  fusee  and  pistols,  tied  his  arms 
behind  him  with  ropes,  and  blind-folded 
him.  It  was  three  days  before  they 
reached  the  canoe  that  had  been  con- 
cealed, during  which  time  they  had  but 
very  scanty  fare ;  a  few  hard  biscuit! 
served  to  allay  hunger,  while  the  fruit  of 
the  woods  was  a  luxury !  When  Whit- 
comb had  marched  him  to  such  a  dis- 
tance as  he  thought  he  could  not  make 
his  escape,  were  he  at  liberty,  through 
fear  of  losing  himself,  for  the  greater  ease 
on  his  own  part,  and  to  facilitate  their 
march,  they  untied  his  hands,  and  took 


Lieut,  Hadden*s  yot^rnai. 


Army,  whether  undc  the  name  of  Flag  of  Truce 
Men  or  Ambassadors  except  when  they  come  to 
implore  the  King's  mercy,  their  persons  shall  be 
immediately  seized  and  committed  to  close  con- 
finement to  be  proceeded  against  as  the  Law  di- 
rects :  Their  Papers  &  Letters  for  whomsoever 
directed  ( even  this  Com'r  in  Chief  ^)  are  to  be 
deliver'd  to  the  Provost  Martial,  that  unread  and 
unopen'd  they  may  be  burnt  by  the  hands  of  the 
common  Hangman  ;  at  the  same  time  the  Com'r 
in  Chief  expects,  that,  neither  the  assasination  of 


the  cloth  from  his  eyes.  Only  picture  to 
yourself  what  must  have  been  his  feelings, 
at  seeing  himself  in  the  midst  of  a  thick 
wood,  surrounded  by  three  desperate  fel- 
lows, and  uncertain  as  to  their  intentions  ! 
At  night,  when  they  had  partaken  of  their 
scanty  pittance,  two  out  of  the  three  used 
to  sleep,  whilst  the  other  kept  watch. 
The  first  night  he  slept  through  fatigue; 
on  the  second,  as  you  may  naturally  sup- 
pose, from  his  great  anxiety  of  mind,  he 
could  not  close  his  eyes,  in  the  middle  of 
which  an  opportunity  occurred  whereby  he 
could  have  effected  his  escape,  for  the 
man  whose  watch  it  was,  fell  fast  asleep. 
He  has  since  told  me  how  his  mind  wa- 
vered for  a  length  of  time,  what  measures 
to  pursue ;  he  could  not  bear  the  idea  of 
putting  them  to  death,  though  justified 
by  the  rules  of  war :  if  he  escaped  from 
them,  they  might  in  all  probability  re- 
take and  ill-treat  him.  The  great  haz- 
ard of  all,  which  determined  him  to  abide 
by  his  fate,  was,  that  by  being  so  many 
miles  in  a  tract  of  wood,  where  he  could 
not  tell  what  direction  to  take  (having 
been  blind-folded  when  he  entered  it)  he 
might  possibly  wander  up  and  down  till 
he  perished  with  hunger.  In  this  restless 
state,  he  remained  till  day-break,  when 
they  returned  their  march,  and  in  the 


evening  came  to  the  creek  where  the 
canoe  was  concealed;  they  then  secured 
him  again,  put  him  in  the  canoe,  and 
proceeded  up  the  lake  to  Ticonderoga, 
where  they  arrived  early  the  next  morn- 
ing. When  they  landed  him  he  was 
again  blind-folded,  that  he  might  not  see 
their  works,  and  thus  conducted  to  the 
General,  whose  only  motive  for  endeav- 
ouring to  get  an  ofHcer  was,  either  by 
threats  or  intreaties,  to  gain  information 
relative  to  our  army.  In  this,  however, 
he  was  greatly  disappointed,  and  as  he 
could  not  obtain  the  least  intelligence 
from  our  friend,  he  ordered  him  at 
prisoner  of  war  upon  his  parole,  to  some 
of  the  interior  towns,  from  which  place, 
as  I  informed  you  in  my  last,  he  is  just 
returned,  as  hearty  and  well  as  ever."^ 

Ensign  Saunders  was  promoted  to  be 
lieutenant,  May  lo,  1781,  and  captain, 
Aug.  25,  1790.  He  appears  as  quarter- 
master for  the  last  time  in  the  Army  List 
of  1 792,  and  his  name  appears  in  the 
Army  Lists  for  the  last  time  in  1794.' 
['B.  H.  »J.  482.  3  J.  615.  ♦O. 
258-263.] 

tv.  Sir  Wm.  Howe  was  Com'r  in 
Chief  to  the  Southward  of  Canada. 
[Haddtn't  JVoM.] 


Lieut.  HadderCs  ^JourtiaL  9 

Brig'r  Gen'l  Gordon,  nor  the  late  notorious 
breach  of  Faith  in  resolving  not  to  return  the 
Troops  &  Canadians  taken  at  St  John's  in  ex- 
change for  Rebels  who  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Savages  at  the  Cedres  and  ^inchen^  purchased 
from  them  at  a  great  price  and  returned  on  the 
express  conditions,  be  imputed  to  the  Provinces 
at  large  but  to  a  few  wretched  and  designing  Men 
who  first  deceived,  then  led  the  credulous  Multi- 
tude to  the  brink  of  Ruin  ;  afterwards  usurp'd 
authority  over  them  &  established  a  despotic 
Tyranny  by  the  general  destruction  of  their 
Country.  Let  their  crimes  pursue  these  faith- 
less bloody  minded,  who  assert  that  black  is  ivhite^ 
and  white  black ;  it  belongs  to  Britons  to  distin- 
guish themselves  not  less  by  their  humanity  than 
their  Valour.  It  belongs  to  the  Kings  Troops  to 
save  the  blood  of  his  deluded  subjects  whose 
greatest  fault  perhaps  is  having  been  deceived  by 
such  Men,  to  their  own  destruction  :  It  belongs 
to  the  Crown,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  all  faithful 
Servants  of  the  Crown  to  rescue  from  oppression 
and  restore  to  liberty  the  once  happy.  Free  and 
Loyal  People  of  this  Continent, 

All  Prisoners  from  the  Rebellious  Provinces  who 
chuse  to  return  home  are  to  hold  themselves  in 

X,    The  reader  ii  referred  to  the  sketch  some  of  the  prisoners  taken  at  the  Cedars 

of  Major  Forster,  to  be  found  later  on,  were  butchered  by  the  savage  allies  of  the 

for  some  description  of  the  affair  at  the  British.      The  reference  in   the  text  is. 

Cedars.     Quinchen,  a   corruption  of  the  practically,  to  but  one  affiur,  and  that  i» 

French  Sluinsu  Chitni,  was  a  place  where  to  the  Ceidars. 


JO  Lieut.  HadderCs  Journal, 

readiness  to  be  embarked  at  a  short  notice ;  Mr 
Commissary  Murrayy  shall  visit  the  Transports 
destined  for  them  and  see  that  wholesome  Provis- 
ions, necessary  Cloathing  with  all  possible  conve- 
niences for  their  passage  be  prepared  for  those  un- 
fortunate Men;  they  are  to  look  on  their  respective 
provinces  as  their  Prison,  and  there  remain  'till 
further  enlarged  or  summon'd  to  appear  before  the 
Commander  in  Chief  of  this  Province  or  any  other 
Com'r  in  Chief  for  the  time  being,  which  sum- 
mons *hey  shall  obey;  Gen'l  Howe^  will  regulate 
their  place  of  landing.  These  Orders  to  be  read 
by  a  Non  commissioned  Officer  to  every  Com- 
pany three  different  days, 

(Signed)  Edw'd  Foy  «« 

Dep'y  Adj.  General. 

^ebec  is  the  capital  of  Canada  a  very  strong 
tho.  miserable  looking  place  when  in  it.  Sailing 
towards  it,  it  has  a  very  beautiful  appearance.  It 
is  divided  into  an  upper  &  lower  Town,  the  pas- 

y.     Commiisary    Murray,   it    it     pre-  in  the  Saratoga  Convention,  his  name  ap> 

sumed,  was  Lieut.    J^mes   Murray,  who  pearingon  the  Cambridge  parole.     He  wa< 

was  quarter-mancr  of  the  9th  Foot.      He  promoted  to  be  a  captain  March  31,1787, 

became  quarter  master  of  the  9th,  Jan.  and  he  appears  on  active  service  for  the 

18,  1770,  and  so  continued  till  1783,  or  last  time  in  the  LUt  of  1789,  when   he 

early  in  1784.      He  became  an  ensign  in  exchanged  into  the   94th   Foot   on  half 

that  regiment  Sept.  26,  •77»,  and  a  lieu-  pay.     He  never  re-entered  active  service, 

tenant  March  z,  1776.     He  accompanied  and  he  appears   on    the    Army  Lists   for 

his  regiment  to   Canada  in   the  spring  of  the  last  time   in   1819.      [  B.  H.      6. 

1776,  where  he  served  the  remainder  of  V.  175.] 
that  year;  and   he  participated   in  Bnr- 

|oyne's  campaign  the  next  year.    He  was         z.  See  Appendix  4 
wounded  in   Lieut.  CoL  HilFs  attack  on 
Fort  Ann,  July  9,  1777,  and  was  included  aa.  See  Appendix  5. 


Lieut,  HadderCi  Journal,  1 1 

sage  from  one  to  the  other  is  very  steep,  and  be- 
ing unpaved  is  dirty  in  wet  weather  and  slippery 
in  Frosty :  at  the  time  I  saw  it  many  of  the 
Houses  in  the  lower  Town  (which  lays  at  the 
waters  edge)  were  burnt.  In  the  upper  Town, 
there  is  a  Bishop's  Palace,  House  for  the  Governor, 
Barracks  for  Regiments,  and  some  Convents  of 
Nuns  &  Friars.  The  defences  of  the  upper 
Town  are  seperated  from  those  of  the  lower. 
Like  most  other  American  Town's,  this  is  situate 
on  a  point  of  Land  between  the  St  Lawrence  and 
Charles  Rivers.  these  secure  its  Flanks  and 
make  an  attack  only  possible  towards  the  Country, 
on  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  a  little  above  which 
Gen'l  Wolfe  'anded  last  War,  and  the  French 
chose  rather  to  risque  a  Battle  than  quietly  give 
him  possession  of  those  heights,  he  was  killed 
but  the  Army  proved  victorious,  and  the  Gar- 
rison surrendered  soon  after.  Batteries  may  be 
erected  on  Point  Levi  the  opposite  head  land, 
the  St  Lawrence  being  here  about  looo  yds. 
wide,  and  the  two  banks  are  nearly  of  a  height, 
a  numerous  Garrison  wou*d  probably  occupy  both 
places,  as  otherwise  they  cou'd  not  effectualy 
secure  the  Shipping. 

The  Falls  of  Montmorency  are  within  a  few 
Miles  of  Quebec  &  seen  from  it.  Trois  Rivieres 
so  called  from  three  Rivers  meeting  at  that  place, 
is  but  a  Village  containing  about  lOO  Houses  & 
a  place  of  no  Trade.     As  Quebec  receives  and  for- 


12  Lieut,  Hodden's  Journal, 

wards  up  the  Country  all  European  produce,  so, 
Montreal,  the  second  Town  in  the  Province,  and 
1 80  Miles  above  ^ebec^  receives  all  the  Furs  &c. 
coming  from  the  Indian  Country  thro,  the  upper 
Lakes,  from  whence  it  is  sent  to  Quebec  or  for- 
warded to  the  European  Markets,  most  of  the 
Indian  Traders  reside  here,  and  the  Congress's  of 
Savages  are  usually  held  in  this  Place. 

The  Town  of  Montreal  i«  built  on  an  Island  of 
that  name  15  Miles  long  &  about  9  Broad,  very 
fertile  and  more  highly  cultivated  than  any  other 
part  of  Canada  :  The  Town  contains  several 
Convents  and  about  700  Houses,  including  the 
three  suburbs,  it  is  secured  on  one  side  by  the 
River  St  Lawrence,  and  all  around  the  Town  is  a 
Ditch  defended  by  a  Wall  which  can  only  repel 
a  sudden  attack  being  commanded  in  many  places 
and  every  where  liable  to  enfilade.  There  is  a 
Citadel  of  more  moddern  work,  and  in  the  Town, 
near  to  it  Barracks  for  about  1000  Men.  The 
Situation  is  pleasant  and  healthy.  The  Water  is 
uncommonly  deep  near  the  Town,  and  the  Navi- 
gation only  interrupted  by  a  strong  current,  how- 
ever. Vessels  of  300  Ton  come  up  and  with  a 
good  Wind  make  way  against  the  current. 

As  a  proof  of  the  Fertility  of  the  Soil,  the 
People  throw  all  their  dung  on  the  Ice  in  order 
that  it  may  float  away  when  the  Winter  breaks  up. 

I  was  present  at  a  Congress  of  Savages  held 
here.     The  Men    are  in    general  tall,  active  & 


Lieut,  Maddens  Journal »  13 

well  made,  qualifactions  absolutely  necessary  for 
a  Race  of  Hunters  :  a  small  Tuft  of  Hair  is  left 
on  the  back  part  of  their  Heads,  To  which  they 
fasten  &  wear  a  feather  for  every  Scalp  taken  in 
War,  the  rest  being  pluckt  out  as  soon  as  they 
arc  of  an  Age  to  go  to  War,  during  this  operation 
the  young  Hero  sings  a  War  Song :  Their  Ears 
are  slit  and  they  wear  a  number  of  small  Rings 
round  their  seperated  Gristle,  they  also  wear  mock 
jewels  &c.  by  way  of  Ear  Rings,  and  the  Gristle 
of  the  Nose  being  bored  serves  to  support  a  small 
kind  of  Silver  Bob  &  Ring.  When  prepared  for 
War  they  paint  themselves  with  Vermilion  & 
other  colours.  Their  dress  is  a  Blanket  and  Arse 
Clout,  or  covering  for  the  Privities ;  at  great 
War  Dances  they  are  sometimes  totaly  Naked, 
at  the  end  of  the  Penis  the  head  &  Neck  of  some 
handsome  bird  is  fasten'd,  the  Nation  of  Fox  In- 
dians  were  thus  equiped  on  the  present  occasion, 
and  some  others  had  their  Bodies  painted  in 
Stripes  of  different  coulours.  The  Women  wear 
no  ornaments  except  to  their  Blankets,  Leggings 

or  Maugisons,  all  their  Hair  except  on  the 

is  suffered  to  grow  unmolested  and  tied  in  a  kind 
of  long  Club,  with  pieces  of  Red  or  Blue  Cloth  : 
The  sprouts  on  a  certain  part  are  carefully  pulled 
out  with  what  is  called  an  Indian  Razor.  This 
resembles  a  cork  Screw  except  in  having  many 
more  turns  ;  and  being  made  of  wire  when  com- 
pressed together  lays  hold  of  the  devoted  Hairs, 


14  Lieut,  Hadden's  JournaL 

and  being  suddenly  pulled  off  from  the  part  car- 
ries them  with  it.  The  Men  get  rid  of  their 
Beards  &  all  other  superfluous  Hair  in  this  way. 
It  is  to  be  remarked  that  the  natural  inhabitants 
of  the  Southern  parts  of  America  and  indeed 
all  over  it  have  few  hairs  except  those  on  the 
Head.  Their  complexions  are  swarthy,  and  their 
Hair  very  coarse  &  black.  They  (particularly  the 
Women)  cover  themselves  with  greese  as  a  de- 
fence against  ye  Mousqueeto's  &  other  Flies,  this 
makes  them  far  from  tempting  and  we  are  there- 
fore not  surprised  to  see  their  Women  employed 
in  all  Laborious  occupations  (even  carrying  their 
Provisions)  except  Hunting.  The  Barter  with 
them  is  Blankets  Cloth,  Rum  and  Trinkets,  these 
go  up  in  Canoes  which  return  loaded  with  Furs 
of  various  kinds.  The  Savages  are  immoderately 
fond  of  SpirritSy  of  this  the  Traders  make  their 
advantage,  tho'  sometimes  in  a  state  of  intoxica- 
tion the  whole  is  seized  and  the  unhappy  Traders 
scalped.  If  the  Indians  have  any  Religion  'tis 
Roman  Catholic  and  in  many  Towns  a  Priest  of 
that  persuasion  lives  with  them.  All  the  Inter- 
preters are  of  that  Religion  ;  This  might  prove 
bad  policy  in  case  of  a  French  attack. 

The  Indians  are  cunning  and  Treacherous, 
more  remarkable  for  rapid  marches  and  sudden 
attacks  than  Courage.     I  heard  Gen'l  Burgoyne  '^'^ 

ab.  See  Appendix  6. 


Lieut,  Hadden's  yournal.  15 

declare  that  a  Thousand  Savages  brought  into 
the  Field  cost  more  than  20.000  Men.  The 
Presents  to  them  are  usualy  Silver  Bracelets,  Gold 
laced  Hats,  &  Coats,  Feathers,  Paints,  Arms  of 
various  sorts  &c,  in  all  of  which  both  Govern- 
ment and  the  Indians  are  much  cheated  by  the 
Traders  who  on  these  occasions  are  Interpreters. 
The  Time  of  amusing  them  with  Tinsel  &  such 
Baubles  is  over  they  want  useful  or  valuable 
Trinkets,  and  will  always  point  to  the  Broach  in 
their  Shirt  (a  present  some  of  the  Nations  occa- 
sionally use)  that  being  Silver  &  of  intrinsic  value. 

Their  Arms  are  a  Wooden  Ball  fixed  to  a 
handle,  a  Tommy  hawk  or  hand  hatchet,  and  a 
Scalping  Knife.  Those  employed  in  our  Service 
had  a  kind  of  light  Musquet  which  they  use 
very  skilfully. 

I  shall  conclude  remarking  that  the  most  mis- 
chievous and  treacherous  Nations  are  those  who 
are  nearest  &  mix  most  with  the  Europeans ;  they 
acquire  only  our  Vices  &  retain  their  ferocity. 

The  Navy  were  employed  in  attempts  to  carry 
Flat-bottom'd  Vessels  from  Chambke  to  St  Johns, 
there  to  be  launched  for  the  expedition  across 
Lake  Champlain.  They  did  not  however  succeed, 
and  therefore  Transported  the  Vessels  in  Pieces, 
&  Batteaux's  only  were  sent  on  Carriages. 

During  this  time  the  Rebels  with  a  Brigg  they 
had  taken  from  St.  Johns,  and  Five  other  Vessels 


1 6  Lieut,  Had  den's  Journal, 

advanced  to  Point  Au  Per,  in  Lake  Champlain 
but  returned  without  attempting  anything. 

About  the  5th  of  October  everything  being 
ready,  a  Fleet  consisting  of  One  Ship,  Two 
Schooners,  One  Radeau  oo.  One  Gondolas,  and  22 
Gun  Boats,  proceeded  from  St.  Johns,  up  the  Sorel 
Rivery  to  the  entrance  of  Lake  Champlain,  at  the 
Isle  Aux  Noix  1 5  Miles  from  St.  Johns.  They  took 
in  their  Guns  there  being  in  many  parts  only  8  or 
9  Feet  water  between  those  places.  Is/e  Aux 
Noix  is  about  a  Mile  in  Length  and  5  hundred 
Yds  wide,  very  defensible,  rising  in  the  middle 
and  being  marshy  near  the  water  on  both  sides 
&  ends  ;  indeed  on  the  Sorel  side  the  opposite 
shore  (about  600  yds)  Batteries  might  be  errected 
and  of  course  greatly  facilitate  the  reduction  of 
the  Island,  which  is  the  Frontier  of  Canada  on 
that  side,  and  prevents  the  passage  of  Shipping 
&c.  to  attack  St.  Johns  the  Frontier  on  the  Con- 
tinent. Works  were  thrown  up  here,  a  Depot 
of  Provisions  made  &  a  Garrison  left  to  secure  it. 
The  Fleet  proceeded  to  Point  Au  Per  18  Miles, 
leaving  the  Army  encamped  at  River  La  Cole  9 
Miles  short  of  it  on  the  Eastern  "<^  shore  of  the 

ac.     "The  Thunderer  (a  radeau),  of  it  was  a  powerful  and  effective  craft." 

14  heavy  guns The   Radeau  was  [N.  440.] 

an  unique  structure  which  is  often  men- 
tioned in  the  naval  annals  of  the  northern  ad.  The  river  la  CoUe,  or  la  Cole  as 
lakes.  It  was  scarcely  more  than  a  raft  Hadden  calls  it,  is  on  the  western  .ind 
or  floating  battery,  but  constructed  with  not  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  lake, 
great  solidity  and  strength.  It  was  pro-  Hadden  seemed  to  think  he  was  going 
tected  only  by  low  and  slight  bulwarks,  north  instead  of  south,  as  he  more  than 
but  armed  with  the   heaviest  ordnance;  once  calls  the  west  the  east  shore. 


Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL  17 


Lake.  There  was  also  a  post  taken  at  point  Au 
Fer,  a  Block  House  errected  and  four  Companies 
left  to  defend  it.  The  1  oth  Oct'r  the  Fleet  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Southern  end  of  Isle  au  Mot  on  the 
Eastern  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  which  after- 
wards widens  very  considerably,  to  about  1 2  or 
15  Miles  in  many  places.  The  iith  Oct'r  the 
Army  arrived  at  Point  Au  Fer  under  Gen'l  Bur- 
goyne,  and  early  in  the  morning  the  Fleet  pro- 
ceeded under  Gen'l  Carlton  ««  &  Captain  Prin- 
gle  f'f  of  the  Navy. 


at.  See  Appendix  7. 

of.  Thoma«  Pringle  came  from  an 
old  Scotch  family,  many  of  whose  mem- 
bers attained  high  and  honorable  posi- 
tions. He  was  a  great-grandson  of  Sir 
Robert  Pringle,  Bart.,  of  the  house  of 
Stitchel,  and  the  only  son  of  Walter 
Pringle,  an  eminent  West  India  merchant 
and  planter  in  St,  Kitt's,  who  married  a 
Miss  Liderdale.' 

Mention  of  Thomas  Pringle  in  con- 
nection with  the  British  navy  is  first 
found  as  commander  of  the  armed  ship 
Lord  Howe,  in  Sept.,  1776."  Later  in 
that  month  the  British  squadron  on  Lake 
Champlain  was  put  under  his  command, 
and  he  took  the  Maria,  of  14  guns,  as  his 
flag-ship.  He  was  ready  to  sail  about  Oct. 
1st;  and  Oct.  iith-ijth  he  signally  de- 
feated the  American  Heet  under  Benedict 
Arnold,  capturing  or  destroying  a  num- 
ber of  vessels,  and  forcing  the  remainder 
to  take  refuge  under  the  guns  of  Crown 
Point. '  Towards  the  middle  of  Novem- 
ber he  sailed  for  Europe  as  the  bearer  of 
despatches'*,  and  he  became  a  post-captain 
Nov.  25,  1776.5  In  the  following  Jan- 
uary, when  the  Ariadne,  a  new  ship  of 
10  guns,  was  put  in  commission  at  Chat- 
ham, Capt,  Pringle  was  assigned  to  com- 


mand hei',  and  the  next  month  he  tailed 
to  join  the  fleet  of  observation.^  A  little 
later  he  proceeded  with  the  conroy  for 
Portugal  and  Gibraltar^,  and  then  joined 
the  West  India  fleet.  During  this  year  the 
Ariadne  captured  two  American  armed 
vessels,  the  St.  Peter,  of  26  guns,  and  the 
Gen.  Washington,  of  18  guns.^  On  the 
9th  of  March,  1778,  Capt.  Pringle  in  the 
Ariadne,  together  with  the  Ceres,  of  18 
guns,  under  Capt.  Dacres,  engaged  and 
captured  the  American  cruiser  Alfred,  of 
20  nine-pounders,  and  108  men.  The 
Alfred's  consort,  the  Raleigh,  of  32  guns, 
abandoned  the  Alfred  without  a  shot  and 
made  good  her  escape.'"  Throughout 
this  year  the  Ariadne  was  attached  to 
Admiral  Young's,  afterwards  Rear- 
Admiral  Barrington's  fleet  at  the  Lee- 
ward Islands,  where  she  took  many 
prizes,  among  them  the  Moskets,  John 
Harris,  commander,  of  98  tons  and  74 
men,  belonging  to  Virginia;  the 
Marangoin,  John  Welsh,  command- 
er, of  70  tons  and  50  men,  like- 
wise of  Virginia ;  and  the  Johnstone, 
Charles  Strachehen  and  Thomas  Wil- 
liams, commanders,  of  60  tons  and 
30  men  —  "a  piratical  armed  vessel  ;** 
betides  driving  two  American  pnTateers 
on  shore  at  the  island  of  Guadaloupe." 


1 8  Liieut,  Haddeii":  ^Journal. 


A  large  Detachment  of  Savages  under  Major 


Capt.  Pringle's  most  important  service 
during  this  year,  however,  was  in  captur- 
ing a  French  frigate,  of  28  guns  and  248 
men,  which  he  touk  twenty-four  leagues 
to  the  north  of  Jamaica,  after  an  engage- 
ment of  an  hour  and  a  half.  The 
Frenchman  had  24  men  killed  and  47 
wounded,  her  bowsprit  carried  away  by 
the  first  broadside,  and  her  fore  and  miz- 
zen  masts  shut  away  by  the  board.  The 
Ariadne  had  8  men  killed  and  16 
wounded,  and  the  lieutenant  of  Marines 
slightly  wounded  in  the  foot."  Capt. 
Pringle  also  bore  a  part  in  the  naval  en- 
gagement of  Dec.  15,  1778,  when  Count 
D'Estaing's  French  fleet  twice  unsuc- 
cessfully attacked  Rear-Admiral  Barring- 
ton. '3  The  Mriadne  continued  to  form 
a  part  of  the  West  India  fleet  in  1779, 
then  under  the  command  of  the  Hon. 
John  Byron,  vice-admiral  of  the  Blue ; 
and  in  the  sea  fight  oflf  Grenada  with  the 
French  fleet  under  the  Count  D'Estaing 
July  6th,  Capt.  Pringle  participated,  his 
vessel  being  in  the  Center  Division.''*  In 
July,  1780,  he  was  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Daedalus,  a  new  ship  of  31 
guns,  then  fitting  for  sea  at  Liverpool. 'S 
In  this  vessel  he  sailed  fur  North  America 
and  formed  part  of  Vice-Admiral  Ar- 
buthnot's  fleet  in  1781'*,  and  of  Admiral 
Digby's  fleet  in  1782,  returning  to  Eng- 
land at  the  close  ut  that,  or  the  beginning 
of  the  following  year. 

Capt.  Pringle  was  a  member  of  the 
court-martial  to  try  the  mutineers  on 
board  the  Raisunable  at  Chatham  in  the 
sprini;  of  1783'? ;  and  then  all  trace  of 
him  is  lost  till  1790,  when  he  was  cap- 
tain of  the  Royal  George,  of  100  guns, 
then  Admiral  Barrington's  flag  ship.'^ 
April  I.  1794,  he  was  commissioned  as 
colonel  of  his  Majesty's  Marine  Forces'9; 
and  in  the  naval  operations  of  the  Chan- 
nel fleet  under  Lord  Howe,  which  culmi- 
nated on  the  1st  of  June,  1794.  in  a  bril- 
liant victory  over  the  French  fleet  under 


Admiral  Villaret  off  Uthant,  be  bore  a 
distinguished  part,  for  which  he  received 
a  medal,  being  then  in  comnund  of  the 
Valiant,  of  74  guns  ^  Jane  4tb  <A  this 
year  he  was  made  a  rear-admiral  oi  the 
Blue'',  and  June  i,  1795,  a  rearadmiral 
uf  the  Red",  ab<jut  which  time  he  bad  hit 
flag  in  the  North  Sca.*^  In  May,  1796, 
Rear-Admiral  Pringle  sailed  to  take 
command  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
and  in  October  of  the  fbUowiog  year  his 
fleet  broke  into  acts  of  mutiny  while  ly- 
ing at  anchor  in  Table  Bay.  The  trouble 
originated  on  board  the  flag-«hip  Tremen- 
dous, of  74  guns,  by  the  crew's  rising 
upon  and  cunfining  the  olficeis  and  threat- 
ening to  try  Capt.  Stephens  by  a  court- 
martial  composed  of  seamen  and  dele- 
gates, on  charges  of  cmelty  and  mJKonduct 
as  their  captain.  In  the  first  instance 
the  mutiny  was  quickly  suppressed,  and 
a  free  pardungrantcj,  but,  a  linle  later, 
upon  one  of  the  crew  of  the  Tremendous 
being  ordered  into  confinement  for  a 
month  for  drunkenness,  it  broke  out 
anew.  The  crew  showed  great  indig- 
nation at  this  sentence,  and  rase  again  in 
open  mutiny.  A  council  was  held  on 
shore,  at  which  the  governor.  Lord  M* 
Cartney,  Gen.  Dundas,  and  Admiral 
Pringle  were  present,  and  it  was  resolved 
tu  uie  force  and  the  most  deciiive  meas- 
ures to  reduce  the  mutineers  to  obedience, 
and  punish  the  ring  leaders.  All  the 
bjtteries  were  manned,  and  furnaces  were 
prepared  for  firing  hot  shot.  One  hun- 
dred pieces  of  cannon  were  pointed  at  the 
Tremendous,  and  every  thing  being  ready 
to  begin  the  attack,  a  procdamadon  was 
isiued  at  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
and  two  hours  were  allowed  to  the  crew 
to  determine  whether  thcj  would  submit. 
Ten  minutes  before  the  expiration  of 
the  time,  finding  they  had  no  alter- 
native but  to  be  sunk  or  surrender,  they 
huisted  the  s'gnal  uf  submission.  The 
delegates  were  given  up,  some  of  whom 


Lieut.  Hadden's  Journal,  19 


Carlton  ^u  also  moved  with  the  Fleet  in  their 
Canoes,  which  were  very  regularly  ranged. 
These  Canoes  are  made  of  the  Birch  Barky  and 
some  of  them  brought    1500    Miles   down  the 


were  hanged,  anj  others  flogged  through 
the  fleet,  and  perfect  good  oider  was 
tpeedilv  restored. '3 

Feb.  14,  1799,  Rear- Admiral  Pringle 
was  promoted  to  be  a  vice-admiral  of  the 
White,  and  Jan.  i,  1801,  to  be  a  vice-ad- 
miral of  the  Red.**  He  died  at  Edinburgh 
Dec.  8,  1803. »5  [>  I.  Zk  App.  191  et 
fost.  =  A.  Q.  145  :  G.  V.  no.  3  M. 
F.  270272:  K.  F.  220,  221.  ^K. 
M.  83.       5  A.   T.  47.      6H.    G.    106. 


1H.  G.  202. 

8 

H.G 

r.  406, 

,    9 

H. 

I.  186. 

"■M. 

H.  274. 

"M 

.    H.    1 

[40. 

■=H.J. 

458. 

■3H. 

K. 

286. 

'*A 

.  R 

.  I 

60.  note 

127. 

■5H 

N. 

58. 

•6  A. 

R. 

270,  note 

219. 

■7  A. 

R. 

418, 

note 

338 

. 

■8  J.    X. 

19  Y. 

68*. 

7' 

°K. 

Z.   253: 

A, 

•  357  « 

pOit. 

"Y. 

«Z. 

67.* 

'^ 

B. 

G.  4*. 

169, 

170.   =*A, 

.  A.: 

A.  B.; 

;  E. 

C. 

"93-] 

ag.  Thomas  Carleton  was  a  younger 
orother  of  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  Lord  Dor- 
chester, being  the  fourth  son  of  Christo- 
pher and  Catherine  (Ball)  Carleton,  of 
Newry,  Ireland.'  He  was  born  in  1731', 
and  like  his  elder  brothers  entered  the 
army  ;  his  first  commission,  that  of  en- 
sign in  the  20th  Foot,  bearing  date  Feb. 
12,  I7SS-  He  was  promoted  to  be  a 
lieutenant,  Dec.  27,  1755  ,  adjutant,  Feb. 
26,1756;  and  a  captain,  Aug.  7.7,  1759. 
He  became  a  major  in  the  army,  July 
23,  17723;  accompanied  his  regiment  to 
Canada  in  the  spring  of  1 776  ;  and  on  the 
8th  of  May,  in  that  year,  was  appointed 
quarter-master  general  of  the  army  in 
that  province. 4  Major  Carleton  became 
a  lieut.-t.olonel  in  the  army,  July  31, 
1776;  and  the  lieut. -colonel  of  the  29th 
Foot  on  the  2d  of  the  following  August. 3 
For  a  characteristic  anecdote  of  this 
officer  see  Anburey's  Travels  in  America, 
Vol.  I,  p.   183.     During  the  pursuit  of 


the  Americans  in  the  autumn  of  1776, 
Lieut. -Col.  Carleton  seems,  from  Hadden, 
to  have  been  in  the  advance,  and  to 
have  had  command  of  the  Indians.  He 
accompanied  Burgoyne  on  his  expedition 
in  1777,  but  returned  to  Canada  in 
August,  as  Sir  Guy  Carleton  required  the 
services  of  his  quarter-master  general  in 
making  up  his  accounts  preparatory  to 
his  being  relieved,  as  he  was  then  ex- 
pecting his  successor  at  an  early  day.S 

Campbell,  in  his  Annals  of  Tryon 
County,  says, — "  In  the  spring  of  1778 
Lafayette  was  stationed  at  Albany ;  in 
March  he  went  up  to  Johnstown,  from 
which  place  he  wrote  Col.  Gansevoort  a 
letter,  dated  March  6th,  1778.  This 
letter  was  encloscH  in  a  letter  from  Col. 
Livingston  of  the  same  date,  of  which 
the  following  is  an  extract : 

"  '  Enclosed  you  have  a  letter  from  Major 
Gen.  Marquess  De  Lafayette,  relative  to 
Col.  Carleton,  nephew  to  Gen.  Carleton, 
who  has  for  sometime  been  in  this  part 
of  the  country  as  a  spy.  The  general 
apprehends  he  has  taken  hit  route  by 
way  of  Oswego,  and  begs  you'll  send  out 
such  parties  as  you  may  judge  necessary 
for  apprehending  him.* 

"  The  following  is  the  letter  of  La- 
fayette : — 

"  '  Sir  :  As  the  taking  of  Col.  Carleton 
is  of  the  greatest  importance,  I  wish  you 
would  try  every  means  in  your  power  to 
have  him  apprehended.  I  have  desired 
Col.  Livingston,  who  knows  him,  to  let 
you  have  any  intelligence  he  can  give, 
and  join  to  them  those  I  have  got  by  a 
tury  about  the  dress  and  figure  of 
Carleton.  You  may  send  as  many 
parties  as  you  please,  and  everywhere 
you'll  think  proper,  and  do  every  con- 
venient thing    for   discovering    him.     I 


20  Lieut.  HadderCs  yournal. 

Country,  several  of  which  wou'd  contain  30 
People.  The  Savages  paddle  them  across  the 
Lakes  &  down  the  Rivers  with  great  dexterity, 
and  being  very  light  they  are  carried  across  any 


dare  say  he  knows  that  we  are  after  him, 
and  has  nothing  in  view  but  to  escape, 
which  I  beg  you  to  prevent  by  all  means. 
You  may  promise,  in  my  name,  fifty 
guineas  hard  money,  besides  all  money, 
&c.,  they  can  find  about  Carleton,  to 
any  party  of  soldiers  or  Indians  who  will 
bring  him  alive.  As  every  one  knows 
now  what  we  send  for,  there  is  no  incon- 
venience to  scatter  them  in  the  country, 
which  reward  is  promised  in  order  to 
stimulate  the  Indians. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  be.  Sir, 
"  Your  most  obedient  servant, 
"  The  MAR<yiis  D«  Lafayettk.' 

"  Col.  Carleton  was  not  apprehended." 

Col.  Livingston  was  undoubtedly  mis- 
taken in  calling  the  officer  referred  to,  a 
nephew  of  Gen.  Carleton,  as  Christopher 
Carleton,  the  General's  nephew,  was 
only  a  major  at  this  time. 

Mr.  F.  B.  Hough,  in  referring  to  the 
above  incident  in  the  Northern  Invasion 
of  October,  1780,  it  seems  to  us,  like- 
wise confuses  Thomas  Carleton  with 
Christopher  Carleton  when  he  says. — 
*'  Although  mentioned  under  a  diffovnt 
rank  we  conjecture  that  he  was  the 
same  officer  that  led  the  expedition  by 
way  of  Lake  Champlain  in  the  autumn 
of  1780."  As  Thomas  Carleton  was  a 
ieutenant-colonel  at  that  time,  and  Chris- 
topher a  major,  and  both  were  in  Canada 
and  belonged  to  the  same  regiment,  it  is 
quite  unnecessary  to  conjecture  that,  when 
Col.  Carleton  is  mentioned,  Major  Carle- 
ton is  intended. 

In  1778  Lieut.-Col.  Carleton  had  com- 
mand at  Montreal ;  and  he  continued  to 
serve  in  Canada  till  Sept.  ix,  178a.  when 
he  obtained  Sir  Frederick  Haildimand's 
permission  to  go  to  New  York,  where  Sir 


1786,  says: — 
own  attention 
a  well  chosen 
good    govera- 


Guy  Carleton  was  serving  as  commander 
in  chief  of  the  British  forces  in  America.^ 

When  the  new  province  of  New 
Brunswick  (so  called  out  of  compliment 
to  the  reigning  family  of  England)  was 
created  in  1784,  Lieut.-Col.  Carleton 
was  appointed  its  first  governor,  and  he 
arrived  at  St.  John's,  the  seat  of  his  new 
government,  on  the  21st  of  November  in 
that  year. 7 'Cul.  Thomas  Dundas,  who,  as 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners 
for  deciding  upon  the  claims  of  the 
American  Loyalists,  was  engaged  in  in- 
vestigating some  of  the  details  on  the 
spot,  in  writing  about  the  country  to  the 
Earl  Cornwallis  from  St.  John's,  N.  B. 
under  date  of  Dec.  28, 
"  Mr.  Carleton,  by  his 
and  firmness,  assisted  by 
council,  has  established 
ment."» 

On  the  2d  of  May,  1783,  Lieut.-Col. 
Carleton   married    Harriet,   daughter   of 

Van    Horn    of    New    York,    and 

widow  of  Capt.  Edward  Foy  of  the 
Royal  Artillery,  by  whom  he  had  issue 
a  son,  William,  and  two  daughters*.*"        v 

He  became  lieut.-col.  of  the  5th  Foot 
Sept.  26,  1788;  a  major  general,  Oct. 
12,  1793;  colonel  commandant  of  the 
2d  Batulion  of  the  60th,  or  Royal 
American  Regiment,  Aug.  6,  1794;  a 
lieut.-general,  Jan.  i,  1798;  and  a 
general,  Sept.  25,  1803.3  He  died  Feb. 
2,  1 8 17,  aged  85  years.9 

As  this  officer  in  often  confused  with 
his  nephew,  Christopher  Carleton,  some 
notice  of  the  latter,  in  this  connection, 
may  not  be  amiss. 

Christopher  Carleton  was  a  nephew  of 
Sir  Guy  Carleton.  being  the  son  of  Sir 
Guy's  eldest  brother,  William,  a  captaia 


Lieut,  HadderCs  journal,  21 

breaks  in  the  Water  communication ;  they  land 
every  Night  most  of  which  they  dance  and  Sing: 
In  wet  weather  they  prop  up  one  side  &  lay  un- 
der the  Canoe. 


in  the  i8th,  or  Royal  Irish  Regiment  of 
Foot,  who,  with  his  wife,  the  mother 
of  Christopher,  was  drowned  at  sea 
about  the  year  1753.'°  Christopher 
Carleton  was  born  at  Newcastle  upon 
Tyne,  in  1749,  and  entered  the  British 
army  as  an  ensign,  Dec.  12,  1761 ;  but 
the  Army  Lists  do  nor  inform  us  to 
what  regiment  he  was  attached  prior  to 
Feb.  12,  1762,  whe;i  he  was  com- 
misioned  as  an  ensign  in  the  31st  Foot. 
In  that  corps  he  was  promoted  to  be 
lieutenant,  July  29,  1763;  captain-lieu- 
tenant, Dec.  25,  1770;  captain.  May  25, 
1772;  and  major  of  the  29th  Foot,  Sept. 
13,  1777.3  He  accompanied  th«  31st 
to  America  in  the  spring  of  1776,  was 
appointed  an  aid  de  camp  on  the  staff  of 
Sir  Guy  Carleton,  May  nth  of  thit 
year^,  and  served  in  Canada  and  on  the 
northern  firontier  during  the  remainder 
of  the  Revolutionary  war.  When  the 
Bridth  invaded  the  northern  frontier  of 
New  York  in  October,  1780,  Major 
Carleton  had  command  of  the  force 
which  crossed  Champiain,  and  which 
consisted  of  about  1,000  men,  regulars, 
Loyalists  and  Indians.  He  proceeded  up 
the  lake  from  St.  John's  with  a  fleet  of 
eight  vessels  and  twenty-six  boats,  and 
having  landed  in  South  Bay,  suddenly 
appeared  before  Fort  Ann  on  the  loth 
of  October,  and  demanded  its  surrender  j 
to  which  demand  the  garrison  acceded, 
as  it  consisted  of  only  75  men,  officers 
included,  with  but  a  scanty  supply  of 
ammunition.  This  fort,  which  was  only 
a  block  house  rudely  built  of  logs  and 
enclosed  by  a  stockade  was  burned ;  and 
marauding  parties  were  sent  out,  who 
burnt  and  destroyed  portions  of  the  settle- 
ments of  Kingsbury,  Queensbury  and 
Fort  Edward.  Major  Carleton  appeared 
ibefore  Fort  George  on  the  nth,  though 


not  without  some  lots  from  the  fire  of 
the  garrison ;    but  as  this  post  was  not 
in  condition  for  vigorous  resistance,  or  a 
protracted  siege,  and  no  relief  being  in  J 
prospect,  it  speedily  surrendered." 

Gen.  Haldimand,  the  governor  general 
of  Canada,  in  writing  to  Lord  George 
Germaine  about  this  expedition,  under 
date  of  Oct.  25,  1780,  sayi : — ««  Major 
Carleton,  who  has,  as  well  as  his  detach- 
ment, shown  great  zeal  and  activity  in 
this  affair,  having  fully  answered  the 
purposes  for  which  he  is  sent,  is  returned 
to  Crown  Point,  where  he  it  to  remain 
as  long  as  the  season  will  permit  the 
vessels  to  navigate  the  lake,  in  order  to 
draw  the  attention  of  the  enemy."'' 
Major  Carleton  was  charged  with  cruelty 
on  this  expedition  by  the  American  Col. 
Oansevoort,  an  accusation  which  was 
vigorously  denied,  and  the  correspondence 
relating  thereto  can  be  found  in  Stone's 
Life  of  Brant,  Vol.   II,  p.   133  it  post. 

Major  Carleton  became  a  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  army  Feb.  19,  1783  ;  and 
he  died  at  Quebec,  Thursday  night,  June 
14,1787."  Fur  the  last  eleven  years  of 
hit  life  he  served  in  Canada  with  an 
occasional  visit  only  to  England,  and  he 
returned  to  Quebec  for  the  last  time  from 
one  of  these  visits  Oct.  18,  1786,  in  the 
ship  Carleton,  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
Lady  Anne  Carleton,  who  was  the  second 
daughter  of  the  second  Earl  of  Effingham, 
and  an  elder  sister  of  the  wife  of  Sir  Guy 
Carleton,  and  who,  after  the  death  of 
her  husband,  returned  to  England  in  the 
ship^ondon,  sailing  from  Quebec,  July 
II,  I788.'°.'4  ['B.  R.  «C.  U.  291  note. 
3B.  H.  *F.  E.  I.  5F.  B.  629,  666. 
6F.  L.  163:  F.  E.  203. 
8C.  D.  113.  »E.  M. 
112.  "G.  K.  "H.  O. 
'♦J.  S.i  J.  v.] 


'L. 

R.    329. 

187. 

•"C.  D, 

as- 

"J.    T, 

22  Lieut*  Hadden's  Journal, 

About  1 1  o'clock  this  morning  One  of  the 
Enemies  Vessels  was  discover'd,  and  immediately 
pursued  into  a  Bay  on  the  Eastern  «^  shore  of  the 
Lake,  where  the  rest  of  their  Fleet  was  found  at 
an  Anchor  in  ye  form  of  a  Crescent,  between 
Valcour  Island  and  the  Continent.  Their  Fleet 
consisted  of  3  Row  Gallies,  2  Schooners,  2  Sloops, 
and  8  Gondolas,  carrying  in  all  90  Guns.  That 
of  the  British  carried  only  87  Pieces  of  Ordnance 
including  8  Howitzers.  The  pursuit  of  this 
Vessel  was  without  order  or  regularity,  the  wind 
being  fair  to  go  down  «*  the  Lake  enabled  us  to 
overtake  the  Vessel  before  she  cou'd  (by  Tacks) 
get  in  to  the  rest  of  their  Fleet ;  but  lost  to  us 
the  opportunity  of  going  in  at  the  upper  end  of 
the  Island  and  attacking  the  whole  at  once.  The 
Vessel  which  proved  to  be  the  Royal  Savage 
taken  by  them  from  St.  John's  last  year,  carrying 
14  Guns,  was  run  on  shore  and  most  of  the  Men 
escaped  on  to  Valcour  Island,  in  effecting  which 
they  were  fired  upon  by  the  Gun  Boats,  this  firing 
at  one  object  drew  us  all  in  a  cluster  and  four  of 
the  Enemies  Vessels  getting  under  weigh  to  sup- 
port the  Royal  Savage  fired  upon  the  Boats  with 
success.     An  order  was  therefore  given  by  the 

ah.     This  clearly  is  a  clerical  error  as  Lake   Champlain,    unlike   the    Hudson 

Valcour  Bay  is  on  the  west,  and  not  on  river  which  is  so  near  it,  running  from 

the  east  shore  of  the  lake,  and  in  that  south  to  north  and   emptying  into    the 

way    Hadden,     in    his     map,    correctly  river  St.  Lawrence.      We  have    already 

delineates  it.  seen  from  his  calling  the  west  shore  the 

east,  that  he  had  confused  the  points  of 

ai.     Hadden  means  up  and  net  down  the  compass, 
the  lake,  as  the  context  clearly  shows  j 


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■a-  ^  ?  ?■;■»? 


Lieut.  HadderCs  JournaL  23 

Commanding  Officer  for  the  Boats  to  form 
across  the  Bay :  this  was  soon  effected  tho' 
under  the  Enemies  whole  fire  and  unsupported, 
all  the  King's  Vessels  having  dropped  too  far 
to  Leeward.  This  unequal  combat  was  main- 
tained for  two  Hours  without  any  aid,  when  the 
Carlton  Schooner  of  14  Guns  6  Prs  got  into  the 
Bay  and  immediately  received  the  Enemies  whole 
fire  which  was  continued  without  intermission 
for  about  an  hour,  when  the  Boats  of  the  Fleet 
towed  her  off,  and  left  the  Gun  Boats  to  maintain 
the  conflict,  this  was  done  'till  the  Boats  had  ex- 
pended their  Ammunition  when  they  were  with- 
drawn, having  j««>^  one  of  the  Enemies  Gondolas, 
(Killed  or  Wounded  Seventy  Men)  and  consider- 
ably dammaged  others.  Being  small  objects  the 
loss  in  the  Gun  Boats  was  inconsiderable,  20 
Men^  (a  German  Gun  Boat  blown  up).  Each  Gun 
Boat  carried  i  Gun  in  the  Bow  (or  Howitzer)  7 
Artillery  Men,  and  1  1  Seamen,  the  whole  under 
an  Artillery  officer.  It  was  found  that  the  Boat's 
advantage  was  not  to  come  nearer  than  about  700 
yards,  as  whenever  they  approached  nearer,  they 
were  greatly  annoyed  by  Grape  Shot,  tho'  their 
Case  could  do  little  mischief.  Each  Boat  had 
80  Rounds  of  Ammunition,  30  of  which  were 
Case  Shot,  &  cou'd  not  be  used  with  effect.  The 
Boats  were  now  form'd  between  the  Vessels  of 
the  British  Fleet,  just  without  the  Enemies  Shot; 
being  withdrawn    a    little    before  Sunset  &  the 


24  Lieut,  HaddetCs  'Journal, 

Royal  Savage  blown  up :  this  last  was  an  unnec- 
essary measure  as  she  might  at  a  more  leisure 
moment  have  been  got  off,  or  at  all  events  her 
stores  saved,  and  in  her  present  position  no  use 
cou'd  be  made  of  her  by  the  Enemy,  Night  com- 
ing on  6c  a  determination  to  make  a  general 
attack  early  next  morning.  The  Rebels  having 
no  land  Force,  the  Savage's  took  post  on  the 
Main  &  Valcour  Island,  thus  being  upon  both 
Flanks  they  were  able  to  annoy  them  in  the 
working  of  their  Guns,  this  had  the  effect  of  now 
&  then  obliging  the  Rebels  to  turn  a  Gun  that 
way,  which  danger  the  Savages  avoided  by  get- 
ting behind  trees.  The  Boats  having  received  a 
small  supply  of  Ammunition  were  unaccountably 
order'd  to  Anchor  under  cover  of  a  small  Island 
without  the  opening  of  the  Bay. 

The  Enemy  finding  their  force  diminish'd  and 
the  rest  so  severely  handled  by  little  more  than  \ 
the  British  Fleet  determin'd  to  witi^  '  aw  towards 
Crown  Point,  and  passing  thro,  our  Fleet  about  lo 
o'clock  at  Night  effected  it  undiscover'd ;  this, 
the  former  position  of  the  Gun  Boats  wou'd 
probably  have  prevented.  All  the  Enemies  Ves- 
sels used  Oars  &  on  this  occasion  they  were  muffed. 
This  retreat  did  great  honor  to  Gen' I  Arnold  «i, 

aj.     Benedict    Arnold's    career    is   to  Some  queition  has  been  raised  at  to  the 

familiar  to   American   readers  that  refer-  course  Arnold's  fleet  took  on  the  retreat 

ence  will   be  made  only  to  two  or  three  from     Valcour    Bay.       Notwithi.tanding 

points   about   which    historians    are    not  Gen.  Waterbury's  very  explicit  statemen 

agreed.  that  "we    immediately    held    council  to 


Lieut,  Haclclen*s  JournaL  25 

who  acted  as  Admiral  to  the  Rebel  Fleet  on  this 
occasion ;  The  wind  changing  prevented  the  suc- 
cess of  his  attempt  and  making  but  little  way  in 


aecure  a  retreat  through  their  fleet,  to  get 
to  Crown  Point,  which  wai  done  with  so 
much  secrecy  that  we  went  through  them 
entirely  undiscovered,"  Mr  Winslow  C. 
Watson,  in  an  article  entitled  "Naval 
Campaign  on  Lake  Cliamplain  in  1776," 
printed  in  the  Amtrican  Hhtorica!  Re- 
cord tor  November,  1874,  p.  502,  and 
again  in  an  article  entitled  "Arnold's  Re- 
treat after  the  Battle  of  Valcour,"  printed 
in  the  Magazi'ie  of  American  History, 
Vol.  VI,  p.  414.  [June,  1881,]  contends 
that  Arnold's  fleet  escsped  by  rounding 
the  northerly  end  of  Valcour  Island ; 
thus  evading  the  enemy's  fleet,  and  not 
passing  through  it  at  all. 

Palmer's  History  of  Lake  Champlain,  p. 
129,  likewise  says, — "At  seven  o'clock 
in  the  evening  Colonel  Wigglesworth  got 
the  Trumbull  under  way,  atk*  beiiing 
around  the  north  end  of  Valcour,  directed 
his  course  towards  the  upper  end  of  the 
lake,  passing  outside  of  the  British  line." 

Hadden,  in  the  text,  like  Waterbury, 
uses  the  word  through^  which  would  or- 
dinarily seem  to  be  explicit  enough  to 
avoid  misapprehension,  and  he  has  fortu- 
nately left  a  drawing  showing  the  petition 
of  the  British  (hips  and  gunboats,  and 
giving  the  course  of  the  American  fleet. 
His  drawing  and  his  explanation  of  the 
circumstances  that  made  the  escape  of 
the  Americans  through  the  British  fleet 
possible,  effectually  settle  a  mooted  point. 

Hadden's  map,  or  "  Sketch  of  the 
Action  in  Lake  Champlain  1 1  Oct., 
1776,"  is  evidently  taken  from  "A 
Survey  of  Lake  Champlain,  including 
Lake  George,  Crown  Point  and  St.  John. 
Surveyed  by  Order  of  His  Excellency 
Major  General  S'r  Jeffery  Amherst. 
Knight  of  the  most  Hon'ble  Order  of 
the  Bath,  Commander  in  Chief  of  His 
Majesty's  Forces  in-  North  America, 
^now  '  Lord     Amherst)      by     William 


Brassier,  Draughtsman.  1762."  That 
survey,  with  additions  showing  the 
naval  operations  of  the  year  1776, 
including  the  battle  of  Valcour  Bay, 
together  with  the  formation  of  the  two 
fleets,  the  line  of  the  American  retreat 
t.)  Crown  Point,  the  place  of  the  action 
on  the  13th,  the  place  where  Arnold 
ran  the  Congress  ashore,  and  the  subse- 
quent withdrawal  to  Ticonderoga,  is  to 
be  found  in  "The  American  Military 
Pocket  Atlas  ;  being  an  approved  Col. 
lection  of  Correct  Maps,  both  general  and 
particular,  of  The  British  Colonies,  Es- 
pecially those  which  now  are,  or  prob- 
ably may  be.  The  Theatre  of  War  ;  T.iken 
principally  from  the  actual  Surveys  and 
judicious  Observations  of  Engineers  De 
Brahm  and  Romans  j  Cook,  Jackson, 
and  Collet ;  Maj.  Holland,  and  other 
Officers,  employed  in  His  Majesty's  Fleets 
and  Armies.  London."  There  is  no 
date  on  the  title  page,  but,  as  the  editrr'i 
dedication  to  Gov.  Pownall  it  dated 
"Fleet  Street,  1776,"  the  Atlas  wa» 
undoubtedly  issued  in  London  in  the 
winter  of  1776-7. 

Two  things  are  plain :  one  is  that 
Hadden  had  Brassier's  Survey  of  1762 
as  the  basis  of  his  map  j  and  the  other 
is  that  the  revision  in  the  Atlas  was  either 
made  from  Hadden's  map,  or  else  both 
were  drawn  from  a  third  source,  of  which 
we  are  ignorant.  The  fact  that  Hadden's 
map  does  not  show  the  •whole  course  to 
Crown  Point  and  Ticonderoga,  possibly 
militates  against  the  Atlas's  revitioa 
having  been  taken  from  it,  though  the 
part  Hadden  does  not  give,  is  to  simple 
that  it  could  easily  enough  have  been 
traced  or  described  roughly  without  a  map 
to  go  by  to  enable  one  to  delineate  it  on 
Brassier's  Survey.  It  must  be  remembered 
that  Hadden,  having  been  at  the  Royal 
Military    Academy    at    Woolwich,    had 


26  Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL 


the  Night,  they  were  scarcely  out  of  sight  when 
their  retreat  was  discover'd  at  day  break ;  the 
British  Fleet  stood  after  them,  and  gain'd  ground 


received  the  same  education  ai  the 
membjrs  of  the  Engineer  Corps,  the  only 
difference  being  that  the  cadets  of  highest 
rank  in  their  class  entered  the  Royal 
Engineers,  while  the  rest  went  into  the 
Royal  Artillery. 

Clearly  Hadden's  map  was  not  taken 
from  the  Atlas  revision ;  for,  being  on  a 
little  more  than  four  times  the  scale  of 
the  latter,  it  gives  many  details  of  out- 
line and  position  that  does  not  give. 
Thus  Hadden  represents  the  position  of 
the  whole  fifteen  American  vessels, 
twelve  being  in  line,  two  in  rear  of  the 
line,  probably  to  look  out  more  particu- 
larly fur  the  approach  around  the  north 
end  of  Valcour  Island,  and  the  Royal 
Savage  having  been  forced  on  shore  by 
the  British  while  trying  to  join  the 
American  fleet.  Hadden,  also,  shows  a 
small  islet  just  at  the  south  point  of 
Valcour  Island  on  which  the  Roya' 
Savage  was  run  ashore  and  destroyed, 
whereas  the  Atlas,  instead  of  showing 
it,  uses  these  words  in  regard  to  Valcour 
Island — "Isle  de  Valcour  almost  one 
rock."  Hadden,  in  representing  the  line 
the  gunboats  formed  the  latter  part  oi 
Oct.  nth,  while  they  were  in  action, 
delineates,  whether  intentionally  or  not, 
twenty  boats ;  but  as  he  states  that 
twenty-two  left  St.  Johns,  and  as  one  of 
them  had  been  blown  up  in  action,  he 
leaves  one  unaccounted  for  if  his  drawing 
intended  to  portray  the  exact  number. 
Capt.  Douglas,  however,  commodore  of 
the  British  war  vessels  ii  the  St.  Law- 
rence,  reported  twenty  gunboats  and  four 
long  boats,  each  carrying  a  single  gun,  in 
the  British  fleet  on  Lake  Champlain. 
The  Atlas  does  not  attempt  to  show  the 
exact  number  of  gunboats  in  line,  but 
says,  in  the  marginal  reference,  there 
were  twenty-one. 


If  the  American  Military  Pocket 
Atlas's  revision  of  Brassier 's  Survey  was 
not  taken  from  Hadden's  map,  it  con- 
stitutes another  contemporaneous  au- 
thority against  the  view  of  Watson  and 
Palmer,  that  Arnold  rounded  the 
northerly  point  of  Valcour  Island  on  his 
escape  to  Crown  Point ;  and  as  Gen. 
Waterbury  and  the  crews  of  the  galley 
Washington  and  gondola  Jersey  were 
captured,  the  British  must  have  known 
the  exact  line  of  retreat  as  well  as 
though  they  themselves  had  been  on 
board  the  American  fleet. 

Not  only  is  the  weight  of  authority, 
but  a  nautical  reason  also,  it  seems  to  us, 
is  opposed  to  the  view  that  Arnold 
retreated  round  the  north  end  of  Valcour 
I'li/.-*  That  island,  according  to 
Haskell  and  Smith's  Gazetteer  of  the 
United  States,  is  two  and  a-half  miles 
long,  and  half  a  mile  wide,  and  the  two 
maps  we  have  of  the  action,  portray 
Arnold's  fleet  drawn  up  across  the  bay 
about  midway  of  the  island,  or  a  mile 
and  a  quarter,  at  the  least,  from  its 
northerly  end.  The  several  accounts 
of  the  battle  that  refer  to  the  wind,  Oct. 
nth,  show  that  it  was  f>'Oin  the  north- 
ward— at  all  events,  so  that  sailing 
vessels  could  not  make  progress  towards 
the  north  without  beating  or  tacking, 
Arnold,  the  American  commander, 
speaks  of  the  Royal  Savage  falling  to  the 
leev/ard  of  the  fleet  and  being  attacked. 
He  also  says  "  some  of  the  enemy's  ships 
and  all  their  gondolas  beat  and  rowed  up 
within  musket  shot  of  us."  Capt. 
Pringle,  the  British  commander,  says, 
"  the  wind  was  so  unfavourable,  that  for  a 
considerable  time  nothing  could  be 
brought  into  action  with  them  but  the 
gunboats,"  though  the  Carleton  by  much 
perseverance  at  last  got  to  their  assistance 


Lieut,  HadderCs  "Journal,  27 


considerably  'till  the  violence  of  the  wind  and  a 
great  swell  obliged  both  Fleets  to  Anchor  :  to- 
wards evening  the  weather  was  more  moderate 


but  none  of  the  rest    oi  the  Heet  could 
then  get  up.      Hadden  in  speaking  oFthe 
Royal    Savage,  says,    "  the    wind    being 
fair  to  go  down  the  Lake  enabled   us  to 
overtake    the    Vessel    before    she   cou'd 
(by   Tacks)  get    into  the    rest    of  their 
Fleet ;   but  lost   to   us  the  opportunity  of 
going  in  at  the  upper  end   of  the  hland 
and    attacking    the    whole     at     once." 
Hadden's  mistake  in  using  do'wn  for  up 
the  lake,   is    tra^soarent,   and    we    have 
already  seen  frc       .is  calling  the  western 
shore,  the  eastc.n,  that  he  had  confused 
the  points  of  the  compass.     Fortunately 
his  error  exposes  itself,  and  can   mislead 
no  one.     What  wind  there  was  evidently 
came  from  the   north,  for  Hadden,  after 
according  praise  to  Arnold  for  his  retreat, 
lays,  "  the  wind  changing  prevented  the 
success  of  the  attempt;"  and  Arnold,  in 
speaking  of  the  wind  on   the  12th,   says, 
it  was  '•  small  to  the  southward."     The 
wind  bemg  irom   the  northward  on   the 
evening  of  the  nth,  was  just  right  to  go 
up  the  lake   towards  Crown   Point,   but 
would     have     prevented    Arnold's    fleet 
from  going   north  round   Valcour  Island 
except  by  beating  or  tacking — a  slow  and 
not  very  easy  way  of  proceeding   in  the 
night,  and,  moreover,  a  longer  course  by 
several    miles.       Hadden    says    Arnold's 
fleet  .used    mufiled    oars ;     but    whether 
because  the  wind  was  so  light,  cr  because 
spreading  sail  would  cause  the  vessels  to 
be  more  easily  discovered,   he  does   not 
say.      While  oars  would  assist   materially 
in  a  calm,   or    light   favoring    wind,    or 
without  any  sail  being  set,  yet,  if  Arnold 
had  been  rounding  the  northerly  end  of 
Valcour  Island   against  the    wind,   they 
would   hardly   have   served   his    purpose, 
especially  with   his    heaviest    and    most 
dilapidated    vessels.      For   these    reasons, 
apart  from  the    maps  showing  the   exact 


course,  it  seems  to  us  that  when  Gen. 
Waterbury  said  they  went  through  the 
British  fleet,  he  meant  just  what  he  said  ; 
and  it  also  appears  to  at  a  perfectly 
natural  and  characteristic  act  for  a  bold 
man,  like  Arnold,  who  had  everything 
tu  gain  and  nothing  to  lose,  for  it  was 
his  only  chance ;  and  it  was  no  mure 
daring  or  desperate  than  many  naral  fisats 
during  our  late  civil  war,  indeed,  not  so 
much  so ;  and  its  success  prored  its 
entirs  feasibility. 

Much  discussion  has  taken  place  as  to 
whether  Arnold  was  personally  present  at 
the  battle  of  Freeman's  Farm  Sept.  19, 
1777.  Col.  (afterwards  General)  Wilkin- 
son is  authority  for  the  assertion  that 
Arnold  was  not  on  the  battle  field,  as 
under  date  of  Sept.  21st,  he  wrote  to  St. 
Clair  in  regard  to  the  afllair  of  the  19th, 
"General  Arnold  was  not  out  of  camp 
during  the  whole  action."'  It  is  to  be 
regretted  that  we  have  a  no  more  reliable 
statement  than  Wilkinson's  on  which  to 
rest  one  side  of  a  mooted  point,  as  his  as- 
sertions are  not  unfre^uently  warped  by 
prejudice  and  conceit,  and  in  some  cases 
are  utterly  unreliable.  In  writing  the 
above  he  was  addressing  an  avowed  enemy 
of  Arnold,  while  he  himself  was  strongly 
prejudiced  against  him.  Oct.  7th  Wil- 
kinson again  wrote  to  St.  Clair  and  said, 
"Generals  Gates  and  Arnold  have  difiered 
beyond  reconciliation.  As  I,  too,  hare 
a  quarrel  with  the  little  man,  I  will  not 
expose  his  conduct."'  Unfortunately  Ar- 
nold's subsequent  career  destroyed  all  re- 
spect for  him,  and  prepared  every  patriotic 
mind  to  believe  anything  to  his  discredit ; 
but  the  truth  of  history  is  not  to  be  sac- 
rificed in  order  to  cast  odium,  however 
well  merited,  upon  any  man,  and  it  is  br 
no  means  easy  for  an  American  calmly 
to  weigh   and  judicially  determine  fact. 


28  Lieut.  Hadden's  Journal, 


&  the  Fleet  proceeded,  the  Boats  using  their  Oars 
to  make  head  against  the  Wind ;  the  Rebel  Ves- 
sels gaining  little  way  when  under  Sail  from  the 


that  may  enure  to  the  credit  of  Benedict 
Arnold. 

If  it  be  true,  as  stated  by  some  writers, 
that  no  general  was  on  the  field  during 
the  action,  and  that  regiment  after  regi- 
ment was  allowed  to  engage  in  the  ab- 
sence of  a  general  officer,  it  was  a  most 
remarkable  state  of  things  and  a  striking, 
but  by  no  means  flattering,  commentary 
upon  Gen.  Gates,  as  few  commanding 
generals  would  have  been  guilty  of  allow- 
ing a  division  to  engage  in  the  absence 
of  all  general  officers  and  without  the 
troops  being  under  some  recognized  head. 
No  wonder  that  the  military  instincts  of 
Gen.  Carrington,  in  his  "  Battles  of  the 
American  Revolution,"  led  him  to  say,  p. 
342  — "To  what  extent  General  Arnold 
accompanied  the  successive  portions  of 
his  division,  which  bore  the  brunt  of  thit 
day's  fight,  is  not  clearly  or  uniformly 
defined  by  historians.  That  contempo- 
raneous history  gave  his  division  credit,  is 
nowhere  questioned  :  and  that  he  was  a 
listless  observer  or  remained  in  camp  re- 
gardless of  the  fact  that  he  was  responsible 
for  the  entire  left  wing,  which  was  then 
assailed,  is  perfectly  inconsistent  with  his 
nature  and  the  position  he  occupied." 
Gen.  Jacob  Bailey  wrote  from  ''Castle- 
town" to  the  Committee  of  Safety  of  New 
Hampshire,  Sept.  22d,  three  days  after 
the  battle,  as  follows  — "General  Arnold 
has  fought  the  right  wing  of  General 
Burgoyne,  won  three  field  pieces,  and  250 
prisoners  —  great  loss  on  both  sides.'  '  It 
is  clear,  therefore,  that  Gen.  Arnold  was 
reported  and  credited,  at  the  time,  by  the 
troops  in  the  Northern  Department,  as 
commanding  in  the  action. 

The  newspapers  of  the  day  evidently 
believed  that  Arnold  was  present,  as  the 
Boston  Gazette  in  its  issue  for  September 
19th,  1777,  in  describing    the  battle  of 


the  !9tb,  among  other  things,  (ayi, — "At 
three  o'clock  the  enemy  being  re-inforced, 
renewed  the  attack ;  our  troops  being 
at  the  same  time  supported  by  the  left 
wing  of  the  army,  consisting  of  the  whole 
of  Gen.  Arnold's  division,  received  them 
warmly ;  and  though  the  enemy  brought 
on  their  whole  force  against  not  more 
than  half  oars,  maintained  their  ground 
till  night,  when  both  parties  retired." 

The  following  order  issued  by  Arnold 
the  day  after  the  action,  fbnnd  in  a  manu- 
script Orderly  Book  kept  by  Colonel 
Thaddeos  Cook  of  Wallingford,  Conn., 
now  in  the  possession  of  the  American 
Andqaarian  Society  of  Worcester,  for  the 
use  of  which  we  are  under  obligations  to 
that  ancient  and  honorable  socTety,  and 
which  order  we  have  never  seen  in  print, 
seems  to  be  inconsistent  with  Gen.  Ar- 
nold's absence  from  the  battle  field ; 
though  the  thickness  of  the  roods'  may 
have  prevented  his  taking  ar.y  very  con- 
spicuous part.  The  oroer,  in  Col. 
Cook's  copy  of  which  there  doubtless 
were  some  clerical  errors,  reads  as  follows  : 
"Division  Orders  zoth  Septr.  A.  D.  1777. 

''  Gen'l  Arnold  retanu  his  thanks  to 
the  Officers  dcSoldie.-i  of  his  Division  for 
their  brave  spirited  conduct  yesterday  in 
withstanding  the  force  of  the  British 
army,  whose  lots  a  Deserter  from  their 
army  says  b  upwards  of  one  thousand 
men  kill'd  and  woanded  —  which  ours  is 
very  trifling,  not  one  fourth  Part  of  the 
Enemies  — a  convincing  Proof  of  the 
Mercitull  Interposition  of  Heaven  in 
Covering  our  heads  in  the  day  of  Battle 
and  loudly  calls  for  our  grateful  acknowl- 
edgements. The  Gen'l  observ'd  yester- 
day that  two  many  officers  that  Zeal  and 
Spirit  pusti'd  on  in  the  front  of  their 
Companies,  whose  busineu  it  was  to 
have  broaght  ap  those  in  the  Rear,  and 


Lieut.  HadderCs  JournaL  29 


Violence  of  a  contrary  Wind  and  thinking  we 
were  at  an  Anchor  remain'd  so  all  Night,  and 
tho.  the  British  Fleet  gained  but  little  by  a  con- 
trary conduct  that  little  enabled  them  to  overtake 
the  Enemy  next  day  when  the  wind  proved  fair, 
our  Ship  &  Schooners  being  better  Sailers  first 
came  up  with  the  Rebel  Fleet  and  retarding  their 
movements  'till  the  whole  were  in  sight.  Three 
of  the  Stern-most  Vessels  "^  struck  their  Coulours, 
in  one  of  which  was  Brig'r  Gen'l  Waterbury  ^^ 
their  second  in  Command,  Arnold  tdiW  his  own  Ves- 
sel &  5  others  on  shore  and  set  fire  to  them,  the 
three  foremost  only  escaped  to  Tyconderoga;  as 
did  Gen'l  Arnold  with  most  of  the  Crew's  of  the 
burnt  Vessels.  Next  morning  the  Rangers  & 
Indians  landed  and  took  possession  of  Crown 
Point,  evacuated  by  the  Enemy  the  preceding 
Night.     Two  or  tnree  days  afterwards  the  Army 


hopes  they  will  in  fiiture  observe  their 
proper  itationi  and  suffer  no  man  to 
Retreat  untill  an  order  is  given  by  the 
Commanding  officer  of  the  Regt's  or 
Detachments  —  those  who  are  found  to 
have  deserted  their  Posts  in  time  of 
Action  may  expect  Instant  Death. 

"The  Gen'l  makes  no  doubt  the  Troops 
will  act  with  a  spirit  and  firmness  becom- 
ing fireemen  strugling  for  their  just  Rights 
tt  Liberties  when  they  are  call'd  out 
.ain  which  they  may  expect  every  mo- 
ment and  wishes  them  to  make  every  nec- 
essary Preparation." 

If  Gen.  Arnold  was  not  present,  how 
could  he  have  noticed  that  their  zeal  and 
spirit  pushed  too  many  officers  on  in  front 
of  their  companies,  whose  business  it  was 
to  have  brought  up  those  in  the  rear  i 
[  'K.  W.  443.  444.     'C.  S  :  B.  D.] 


ak.  These  were  the  galley  Wash- 
ington, and  the  gondolas  Jersey  and 
Lee.  Sir  Guy  Carleton  reported  to 
Lord  Cermaine,  Oct.  14,  1776,  the 
capture  of  the  Washington  and  Jersey. 
Of  the  Lee  he  said — "  Run  into  a  bay, 
and  not  known  whether  destroyed." 
The  Lee  proved  to  have  been  captured, 
though  Sir  Guy  did  not  then  know  it  j 
and  in  Beatson's  Naval  and  Military 
Memoirs,  Vol.  6,  p.  65,  note  55,  we 
find  the  brig  Washington  and  sloopi 
Jersey  and  Lee  included  in  "A  List  of  his 
Majesty's  armed  Vessels,  Boats,  &c., 
which  brought  the  army  under  General 
Burgoyne,  over  Lake  Champlain,  in 
campaign  1777." 

al.  See  Appendix  8. 


30  Lieut,  Haddens  Journal* 

arrived  and  took  post  on  Crown  Pointy  and  Wind- 
mill Point  immediately  opposite  to  it  at  the  dis- 
tance of  about  1400  yards :  the  Lake  here 
narrowing  into  a  River.  Gen'l  Carhon  thank'd 
the  Officers  &c  for  their  spirrited  conduct,  and 
Gen'l  Burgoyne  gave  out  the  following  order  to 
the  Army  on  the  occasion. 

Camp  at  Sandy  Creek,  Lake 
Champlain  i6th  Oct'r  1776. 

Lieut.  Gen'l  Burgoyne  having  received  in- 
telligence of  the  late  victory  obtained  by  the 
Commander  in  Chief  in  Person,  takes  the  first 
moment  to  communicate  to  the  army,  that  of 
Sixteen  Vessels  «'"  of  which  the  Rebel  Fleet  con- 
sisted before  the  Action  Three  only  escaped,  all 
the  rest  being  taken  or  destroyed.  The  impor- 
tance of  the  conquest  is  not  greaterto  the  National 
cause  than  is  the  glory  atchieved  to  his  Majesties 
Arms,  conspicuous  by  the  general  Bravery  of  the 
Officers  &  Men. 

It  is  a  part  of  magnanimity  to  spare  publick 
demonstrations  of  triumph  upon  the  present  oc- 
casion, but  it  is  not  doubted  the  Army  will  be 
affected  with  every  sentiment  the  Brave  are 
accustomed  to  feel,  for  great  and  glorious  ex- 
amples. 

Finis. 

am.     There  wai  one  not  engaged  and  taken  with  Provisioni.      [HaJJen't  Nol*.'] 


Lieut.  Hadderi's  Journal,  3 1 


Upon  the  whole  the  British  Fleet  was  fully  a 
match  for  the  Enemy,  and  the  exertions  were 
those  of  individuals,  no  orders  being  given  to 
withdraw  the  Boats  'till  their  Ammunition  was 
expended,  and  the  impossibility  of  a  supply,  made 
a  reserve  for  a  second  Action  absolutely  necessary 
to  prevent  the  Fleet  fighting  in  detail.  The 
Enemy  not  knowing  this  circumstance  and  fort- 
unate changes  of  Wind  completed  their  Ruin. 
The  Sailors  in  the  Gun  Boats  in  general  shew'd 
a  backwardness,  and  the  gallantry  of  the  rest  was 
only  conspicuous  in  Capt'n  Dacres  ^"*  commanding 


an.  Jamet  Richard  Dacrei  wai  born  in 
February,  1 749,  and  was  the  eldest  ton  of 
Richard  Dacres,  a  native  of  Cumberland, 
England,  and  secretary  of  the  garrison 
«f  Gibraltar,  by  his  wife  Mary,  daughter 
of  William  Bateman  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's 
in  the  county  of  Suffolk.  Young  Dacres 
entered  the  British  navy  in  1761',  and 
he  was  a  lieutenant  on  the  Blonde 
frigate,  which  sailed  for  Quebec  early  in 
April,  1776,  with  Burgoyne  on  board. 
On  the  nth  of  the  following  June,  Sir 
Guy  Catleton  appointed  him  an  assistant 
quarter-master  general,  a  position  h* 
held  till  the  8th  of  the  next  September, 
when  he  assumed  command  of  the  Carle- 
ton,  armed  schooner  of  12  guns,  in  which 
he  participated  in  the  naval  encounter  of 
the  British  fleet  with  Benedict  Arnold's 
flotilla  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  bore  a 
very  active  and  honorable  part.*  Of  the 
three  commissioned  officers  on  tht  Carle- 
ton,  Mr.  Brown  lost  an  arm  early  in  the 
action,  and,  soon  after,  Lieut.  Dacres  fell 
severely  wounded  and  senseless.  He 
would  have  been  thrown  overboard  as 
dead  but  for  the  interference  of  young 
Edward  Pellew,  afterwards  Lord  Ex- 
mouth,  who  succeeded  to  the  command 


and  maintained  the  unequal  contest  till 
Capt.  Pringle,  baffled  in  all  his  efforts  to 
bring  up  the  squadron,  made  the  signal 
of  recall.  The  Carleton,  with  two  feet 
of  water  in  her  hold,  was  not  in  a  con- 
dition to  obey,  so  she  was  towed  by  thi 
artillery  boats  out  of  range  of  the  Ameri- 
can guns. 3  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  who  was 
on  board  Capt.  Fringle's  flag  ship,  in 
writing  of  the  action  of  Oct.  nth,  and 
the  chase  and  action  of  the  13th,  thus 
reports  to  Lord  George  Germaine.  ''For 
further  particulars  I  refer  your  Lordship 
to  Lieut.  Dacres,  who  will  be  the  bearer 
of  this  letter,  and  had  a  share  in  both 
actions,  particularly  the  first,  where  his 
gallant  behaviour  in  the  Carleton  schooner, 
which  he  commanded,  distinguished  him 
so  much  as  to  merit  great  commendation, 
and  I  beg  to  commend  him  to  your  Lord- 
ship's notice  and  favour.  At  the  same 
time  I  cannot  omit  taking  notice  to  your 
Lordship  of  the  good  service  done  in  the 
first  action  by  the  spirited  conduct  of  a 
number  of  otficerg  and  men  of  the  corps 
of  artillery,  who  served  the  gun  boats, 
which,  together  with  the  Carleton,  sus- 
tained for  many  hours  the  whole  fire  of 
the  enemy's  fleet,  the  rest  of  our  vessels 


32  Lieut,  Hadden's  Journal. 


the  Carlton  Schooner.  The  Com'r  in  Chief  was 
on  Board  the  Commodore,  which  prevented 
that  Vessel  attempting  to  get  into  a  partial  en- 
gagement. 


not  being  able  to  work  up  near  enough 
to  join  eftectually  in  the  engagement." 
Capt.  Pringle,  in  forwarding  his  dis- 
patches, bore  this  testimony  to  the  worth 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  "  Many 
particulars,"  he  writes,  "  which  their 
Lordships  may  wish  to  know,  I  must  at 
present  take  the  liberty  of  referring  you  tu 
Mr.  Dacres  for ;  but,  as  I  am  well  con- 
vinced  his  modesty  will  not  permit  him 
to  say  how  great  a  share  he  had  in  this 
victory,  give  me  leave  to  assure  you,  that 
during  both  actions  nothing  could  be 
more  pointedly  good   than  his  conduct."* 

Dacres  is  next  found  in  command  of 
the  sloop  of  war  Ceres,  of  i8  guns,  which, 
together  with  the  Ariadne  of  lo  guns 
under  Capt.  Pringle,  on  March  9,  1778, 
engaged  and  captured  the  American  man 
of  war  Alfred,  Capt  Elisha  Hinman,  of 
20  guns  ;  her  consort,  the  Rkleigh,  of 
31  guns,  having  abandoned  her  to  her 
fate. 5  The  Ceres  immediately  proceeded 
to  the  Leeward  Islands  and  joined  the 
West  India  squadron  under  Rear-Admiral 
Barrington,  who,  under  date  of  Jan.  6, 
1779,  thus  writes  to  the  Admiralty  from 
the  Island  of  St.  Lucia:  — "  I  am  sorry  to 
add  that  the  Ceres  appears,  by  the  Marti- 
nique Gazette,  to  have  been  taken  after  a 
chase  of  48  hours,  by  the  Iphigenie,  a 
French  frigate  of  36  guns,  but  I  have  no 
account  of  it  from  Capt.  Dacres,  or  any 
iif  her  officers.  I  cannot  help  regretting 
the  loss  of  this  sloop,  not  only  as  she  sailed 
remarkably  well,  but  as  Capt.  Dacres  is 
an  officer  of  infinite  merit."*  The 
Ceres  was  retaken  in  Lord  Rodney's  vic- 
tory over  the  French,  April  la,  178a.' 

Dacres  became  a  post-captain  in  the 
Royal  navy,  Sept.  13,  1780^,  and  was  at 
once  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  ship 


Perseus  of  20  guns,  which  was  then  be- 
ing fitted  out  for  sea  with  all  dispatch  at 
Chath.'im.s  On  the  ist  of  the  following 
December,  the  Perseus,  together  with  the 
schooner  Racehorse  and  cutter  Expedition, 
engaged  and  captured,  about  three  leagues 
ofi  Beechy  Head,  the  French  brig  priva- 
teer Count  du  Bois,  of  12  guns.  The 
prize  was  so  cut  up  that  she  sunk  soon 
after  she  struck.'"  Capt.  Dacres  seemed 
to  be  successful  in  taking  prizes,  as  the 
Perseus,  and  the  Fortune,  sloops,  arrived 
in  the  Downs,  Jan.  7,  178 1,  with  the 
Catherina  Wilhclmina,  a  Dutch  East  In- 
dia ship  of  900  tons,  bound  from  Rotter- 
dam to  Batavia,  laden  with  large  masts 
and  other  naval  stores,  and  having  on 
board  $130,000  in  specie.  The  Perseus 
had  also  shortly  before  that,  taken  and 
sent  into  Portsmouth,  the  Friendship,  a 
Dutch  vessel,  laden  with  fruit."  The 
next  month  Capt.  Dacres  went  as  com- 
modore of  a  small  squadron  consisting  of 
the  Perseus,  Zebra,  Helena,  and  Martin 
sloops,  on  a  cruise  to  the  northward  in 
quest  of  some  privateers  seen  in  that  quar- 
ter." 

Mention  of  him  is  next  found  in 
June,  1795,  when  he  had  command  of 
the  Barfleur  of  98  guns,  in  which  ship  he 
took  part  in  Lord  Bridport's  victory  over 
the  French  fleet  in  the  Bay  of  I'Orient, 
June  23d. «3  In  February,  1797,  Capt.  Da- 
cres, still  in  the  Barfleur,  left  the  Channel 
Fleet  and  joined  the  fleet  under  Sir  John 
Jervis,  which  had  sailed  from  the  Tagus 
Jan.  18,  1797  i  and  he  participated  in 
Sir  John's  great  naval  victory  over  the 
French  fleet  off  Cape  St.  Vincent  on  St. 
Valentine's  day  of  that  year,  when  Viee- 
Admiral  (of  the  Blue)  Waldgrave  had 
his    flag    on    the    Barfleur.'^       For    hit 


Lieut.  HadderCs  JournaL  33 


There  is  a  Square  Fort  at  Crown  Point, 
Built  by  the  English  and  now  out  of  repair; 
within  it  are  Barracks  for  about  800  Men,  these 
also  are  out  of  repair  being  in  part  burnt  by 
accident  some  years  ago.  The  Rebels  neglected 
these  and  threw  up  a  Work  near  the  Water  to- 
wards Wind- Mill  Point,  as  a  protection  for  their 
Vessels.  The  old  Fort  stands  in  the  middle  of 
a  spot  of  cleared  ground  about  a  Mile  every  way, 
and  between  the  Point  opposite  Windmill  Point, 
and  a  kind  of  Bason  on  the  opposite  side,  called 
South  Bayy  this  Bay  (is  on  the  western  side) 
will  not  admit  Vessels,  and  [s^uth] 

Gun   Boats    were   sent     to 
protect  that   Flank  of  the  . 

Army  which  lay  encamped  ^^n^^ 

across  this  rongue  of  Land   "^^pH-^^ 
extend'g   from    the    Point        ^^   "^ 
where    the    Rebel    works       j^         V 
were   errected,     to     South       A        M 
Bay.  *     [North.] 

It  appearing  too  late  in  the  Season  for  an  attack 
on   Tyconderoga  16    Miles    from    hence,  where 


gallantry  in  this  action  Capt.  Dacres  re- 
ceived a   gold  medal  'S 

He  became  a  Rear-Admiral  of  the 
Blue,  Feb.  14,I799'*5  a  Risr  /^dmiral  of 
the  White,  Jan  i,  1801  •';  and  tie  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  command  at  Plymouth  in 
June,  1802. '5  He  became  a  Rear- Admiral 
of  the  Red,  April  23,  i8o4'8jand  the  same 
year  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of 
the  Jamaica   station,  a   position   he  held 


during  four  years.''  Admiral  Dacres  be- 
came a  Vice-Admiral  of  the  White,  Nov. 
9,  18050°,  and  he  died  in  Stanhope  St., 
May  Fair,  London,  Jan.  5,  18 10",  or, 
at  the  Naval  Chronicle  for  18 10,  vol.  23, 
p.  88,  puts  it,  "on  the  6th  of  January, 
in  consequence  of  a  ^11  from  hit  horse," 
after  having  rendered  much  valuable  ser- 
vice. O'Byrne's  Naval  Biographical 
Dictionary,   p.    156,    tays    that    he    died 


34-  Lieut,  HadderCs  Journal, 

report  said  the  Enemy  had  from  12  to  16  Thou- 
sand Men,  Gen'l  Carlton  ordcr'd  Fascines  to  be 
made  (4.000)  for  the  repair  of  the  old  Fort,  and 
prepair'd  to  put  the  Barracks  in  order.  Gen'l 
Carlton  reconnoitr'd  the  Enemy's  Works  from 
the  Water  and  the  Boats  went  near  enough  to  be 
fired  at.  Altering  his  determination  about  re- 
pairing the  Works  &c.  at  Crown  Point,  the 
Stores  were  sent  Back,  and  the  whole  Armament 
returned  abt.  the  13th,  14th  or  15th  Nov.  76, 
Wiih  so  favorable  a  wind  that  the  Radeau  a 
Square  Built  Vessel  Sailed  from  Crown-point  to 
Isle  Aux  Noix  (90  Miles)  in  9  Hours. 

On  our  return  we  found  the  Works  at  St. 
'Johns  (which  originally  consisted  of  a  Square 
Fort)  very  much  encreased,  a  Dock  Yard  being 
completed  sufficient  to  Build  a  Ship  of  24  Guns 
then  on  the  Stocks,  and  another  Fort  and 
Lines  began  for  its  defence  with  Barracks  for 
1000  Men  in  tolerable  forwardness.  St.  Johns 
can  scarcely  be  called  a  Village  being  only  two 
or  three  Houses,  (not  near  the  Fort)  it  is  how- 
ever from  its  frontier  situation  and  the  Works 
carrying  on,    likely  to   increase.     The   ground  is 

"worn  out  by  length  of  service  and  the  E.  7,  43.     31.  T.  12.      *M.  F.  270-272. 

baneliil  eflfect*  of  a  We»t  India  climate."  5M.   H.  274.        "H.    K.  286.        71.   G. 

He  married  Eleanor  Blandford,  daugh-  243,  nott.       ^A.   T.  51.       9H.   N.  282. 

terand  heiress  of Pearce  of  Cam-  "°H.  N.  552.      "H.  O.  40.    "H.  O.  214 

bridge  i  and  the  Capt.  James  Richard  Da-  'SA.    391.       •♦A.    415.       'SK.    Z.  259. 

cres  that  commanded  the  Guerriere  when  '«A.   A.       '/A.    B.       'SA.   D.       '9F.  O. 

captured  by  the  American    ship  Constitu-  278.       ^E.     D.    1232.       "E.     G.     93. 

tion,  was  a   son    of  the    subject    of   this  "I.  D.  972.] 
sketch."      [«I.  C.  29  :    I.  U.  256.     'F. 


Lieut,  HadderCs  jfournaL  35 

level  &  Marshy,  the  most  unhealthy  spot  in 
inhabited  Canada,  and  during  the  Summer 
Months,  swarms  with  Musquceto's.  There  is 
no  road  beyond  this,  all  farther  communication 
to  the  Southward  being  by  Water.  The  De- 
tachment at  Point  au  Per,  was  withdrawn,  a  Regi- 
ment &  half  a  (Company  of  Artillery  left  to  occupy 
the  Works  at  the  Iste  au  Noix :  another  Regt. 
&  half  a  Company  of  Artillery  at  St.  Johns, 
both  places  being  under  the  immediate  inspection 
and  orders  of  a  Brigadier  Gen'l.  The  Barracks 
at  these  places  not  being  completed  'till  the 
beginning  of  January,  the  Troops  &  Artificers 
sufFer'd  very  much  from  the  Cold.  The  rest  of 
the  Army  was  Canton'd  in  different  parts  of 
the  Province  during  the  Winter,  and  the  Artill's 
spent  their  time  very  agreeably  at  Montreal^ 
Provisions    being  everywhere  cheap   and  plenty. 

The  Com'r  in  Chief  finding  Lady  Maria 
Carlton  at  Quebec  on  his  return,  remained  there 
during  the  Winter.  Gen'l  Burgoyne  went  to 
Europe  early  in  November,  and  Gen'l  Phillips 
resided  at  Montreal  which  was  by  Public  orders 
consider'd  as  the  Head  Quarters  of  the  Prov- 
ince, and  all  business  transacted  by  the  General. 

The  Officers  amused  themselves  in  their  dif- 
ferent Quarters,  with  Balls  and  Concerts  com- 
posed of  the  best  performers  in  the  British  and 
German  Bands.     The  Soldiers  were  quarter'd  on 


3  b  Lieut,  Haddens  yournaL 

the  inhabitants  and  giving  up  the  Kings  Rations 
of  Provisions  to  the  Landlord's,  lived  with  the 
Families  and  were  remarkably  healthy. 

The  Army,  about  lo.ooo  Men,  was  composed 
of  nearly  an  equal  number  of  British  and  Ger- 
man Troops. 

One  Regiment  of  Germans  and  a  Company  of 
Artillery,  were  Hessians  and  commanded  by  Brig- 
adier Gen'l  Goll.  ^     The  rest  were  Brunswtckers 


ao.  Colonel  Gall,  or  Von  GaO,  [aoc 
Goll  or  Vangall  as  printed  ia  the  test] 
was  colonel  of  the  Regi-ncatof  Hchc 
Hanau,  which,  with  the  Brvanricken, 
composed  che  German  croopi  sent  o«er 
to  Sir  Guy  Carleton  in  the  *prin{  at 
1776.  Col  Gall,  with  his  regiment,  ar- 
rived at  Spithea.i,  England,  Marcb  31, 
1776',  and,  a  few  days  later,  Stflc4  fat 
Canada  with  the  Englbh  reinlbrcements 
and  the  lirst  German  diriston.  On  the 
19th  of  the  following  Aa^ost  be  was  ap- 
pointed an  acting  brigadier  by  Sir  G«y 
Carleton,  and  awigned  10  a  German  bri- 
gade, in  1777  Gall,  with  his  command, 
known  as  the  id  German  Brigade,  cofn- 
poked  of  the  Regiments  Prince  Frederick 
and  Hc;i3e  Hanau,  participated  in  Bor- 
goyne's  campaign  j  and  for  this  pwiptwe  he 
left  his  winter  quarters  and  crumeJ  tbc  St. 
Lawrence,  June  4th.'  Sharing tlietortanet 
of  his  chief.  Gall  was  inclodcd  in  tbc 
Saratoga  surrender  ;  and  on  the  marcb  of 
the  Convention  troops  to  Virpnia,  in 
1778,  commanded  the  3d  German  divit- 
ion  composed  of  the  Battalion  Bamer, 
the  Regiment  Hesse  Han^n  and  the 
Hanau  Artillery.3  He  wasezdiaaged  late 
in  1780,  or  early  in  1781,  ami  mmmd 
to  Europe  only  to  encounter  an  enraged 
prince,  who  dismissed  him  from  the 
service  for  returning  home  without  the 
royalleave;  though  the  prince's dirpleaMuc 
was  greatly  heightened  because  he  had 
heard  that  Gall  had  been  **  accmed  ot  re- 


taining money  and  appropriating  it  to  his 
own  use.  and  also  of  partiality."  Gen. 
Ricdesel's  report  to  the  Hereditary  Prince 
of  Hesse  Hanau  shows  that  while  Col.  Gall 
had  been  guilty  of  gross  irregularity,  it 
was  not  due  to  any  desire  for  seltish  gain 
but  solely  to  benefit  his  men.  Max 
Won  Eelking,  in  commenting  upon  Ried- 
esel's 'report,  says  :  "The  soldiers  were 
those  mostly  qU'irtered  on  the  inhabitants, 
tu  whom  they  sold  their  rations,  and  by 
whom  they  were  boarded  in  -exchange. 
The  soldiers  were  also  furnished  with 
rice,  dour  and  ither  articles ;  and  the 
inhabitants,  having  in  Colonel  Gall's 
ofunion,  the  advantage,  he  desired  to  turn 
the  sca'e  in  favor  of  his  men  by  cutting 
down  those  rations  which  the  inhabitants 
received  from  the  soldiers,  hoping  to  turn 
the  surplus  into  money  out  of  which  a 
fiind  could  be  created  for  the  benefit  of 
the  men  in  unforeseen  emergencies. 
Colonel  Gall  had  taken  this  idea  from 
the  Brunswickers,  who  had  a  reserve 
iimd  oi  this  nature  made  up  by  the 
month'y  contributions  of  the  men,  a 
small  amount  being    deducted   from  their 

regular    monthly    pay .  This  atfair 

of  Col.  Gall  attracted  great  attention,  not 
only  in  Hessia,  but  throughout  Germany. 
It  was  even  discussed  in  the  public  jour- 
nals."* ['K.  iM.  38.  "K.  M.  too, 
105,  107.  3K.  N.  47.  ■♦K.  N.  101- 
105,  xi6-2i8.] 


Lieut,  Hadderi's  yournaL  37 

under  Major  Gen'l  Baron  de  Reidesil,  ^P  who 
took  up  his  Quarters  at  Trots  Rivieres^  half  way 
between  Montreal  &  ^ebec. 

In  February  M.  G'l  Phillips  reviewed  the  21st 
Reg't  at  St.  John's  and  12  Men  were  taken  away 
Frost  bitten^  but  recover'd  by  being  kept  from  the 
fire,  in  a  warm  Room  &  chaPd  with  Snow. 


ap.  Friederich  Adoiphus  Riedetel  be- 
longed to  one  of  the  oldest  and  richest  of 
the  baronial  families  in  the  interior  of 
Germany,  and  was  burn  June  3d,  1738, 
in  the  ancrstral  castle  of  Lauterbacb,  in 
Rhinehesse.  His  father  was  John  Wil- 
liam Riedesel,  who,  at  the  time  of  Fried- 
crich's  birth,  was  government  assessor  and 
page  to  the  prince  of  Eisenach  ;  and  his 
mother  was  Sophie  Hedwig,  a  daughter 
of  Baron  Von  Burke,  a  Prussian  lieuten- 
ant-general, and  the  governor  of  Stettin. 
In  his  early  youth  Friederich  was  sent  to 
a  clergyman  in  Frischborn  (near  Lauter- 
bach)  to  be  educated;  and  at  hftern  he 
entered  the  law  school  at  Marburg,  as 
his  father  intended  him  for  the  legal  pro- 
fession. A  Hessian  battalion  of  infantry 
in  garrison  at  Marburg,  however,  so 
aroused  the  boy's  military  ardor,  that  he 
abandoned  the  law  for  the  army,  and  be- 
came a  vice-ensign  in  a  regiment  which 
was  shortly  after  received  into  the  English 
establishment  and  quartered  in  a  town 
near  London,  where  he  became  proticict 
in  both  the  French  and  English  languages. 
When  the  Seven  Years  War  broke  out, 
in  1756,  the  regiment  Riedesel  was  at- 
tached to,  was  recalled  to  Germany,  and 
he  was  appointed  an  aid  to  Prince  Fer- 
dinand of  Brunswick.  He  bore  himself 
10  gallantly  at  Minden,  Aug.  i,  1759, 
that  the  prince  made  him  bearer  of  dis- 
patches and  recommended  him  for  pro- 
motion. Accordingly  he  was  made  a 
captain  in  a  new    Hessian   regiment  of 


Blue  Huuars,  but  he  never  led  hit 
troop  as  Prince  Ferdinand  still  retained 
him  upon  his  statf.  The  landgrave  of 
Hcssia  iiaving  overlooked  Riedesel  in 
the  promotions  of  1761,  the  latter  re- 
signed his  commission,  but  the  slight 
having  been  repaired  in  the  May  of  that 
year  by  his  appointment  as  lieut.-colonel 
ai  the  Black  Hussars  he  did  not  leave 
the  army.  Two  months  later  the  com- 
mand of  Biuer's  regiment  was  likewise 
conferred  on  him,  the  two  being  equal 
to  a  cavalry  brigade.  Riedesel  saw 
much  service  and  gained  much  credit 
durint;  the  Seven  Years  War,  in  which 
be  was  wounded.  On  the  disbanding  of 
his  regiment  in  1767  he  was  appointed 
adjutant  general  uf  the  Brunswick  army, 
and  in  177Z  he  was  made  colonel  of 
carbineers,  which  corps  was  subsequently 
formed  into  a  dragoon  regiment. 

He  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  major- 
general  and  given  the  command  of  the 
Brunswick  troops  hired  by  George  III  for 
service  in  America.  Riedesel  sailed  from 
the  Elbe  with  the  fiist  detachment  of  his 
Brunswickers,  March  21,  1776,  and  ar- 
rived at  Spithead  on  the  28th,  whence 
after  a  few  days  delay  he  sailed  with  a 
fleet  containing  English  troops,  to  (Quebec 
where  he  arrived  June  I  St.  The  year 
1776  he  spent  in  Canada,  and  in  1777  par- 
ticipated in  Burgoyne's  campaign,  being 
included  in  the  surrender  at  Saratoga. 
He  left  Albany,  Oct.  22,  and  arrived 
with  the  other  German  prisoners  at  Cam- 


38  Lieut,  Hadden*s  JournaL 

Previous  to  this  all  the  Troops  were  provided 
with  Blanket  Coats  and  Leggins,  as  also  a 
Woolen  or  Fur  Cap  &  Mittens  to  protect 
the  Face,  Ears,  &  Hands  ageinst  the  in- 
clemency of  the  Season.  The  29th  Reg't  and 
Artillery  in  Garrison  at  Montreal  were  reviewed 
on  the  Ice  by  the  Com'r  in  Chief,  who  during 
this  excursion,  visited  &  reviewed  the  Troops  in 
most  of  the  Cantonments. 


bridge,  Nov.  yth.  In  Nov.,  1778,  the 
Convention  prisoners  were  transferred  to 
Virginia,  and  with  them  Gen.  Riedesel 
and  his  family.  He  was  exchanged  Ort. 
15,  1780,  and  Sir  Henry  Clinton  at  once 
conferred  the  command  of  Long  Island 
upon  him,  with  headquarters  ?t  Brook- 
lyn. July  29th,  1781,  he  with  his  family 
and  guard  sailed  in  the  transport  Little- 
dale  for  Halifax  and  Quebec,  at  which 
latter  place  he  arrived  a  second  time, 
Sept.  loth,  1 78 1,  and  again  took  pos- 
session of  his  old  quarters  at  Sorel.  All 
the  foreign  troops  were  at  once  ordered  to 
report  to  him,  and  he  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  district  which  lies  south 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  between  Sorel  and 
Lakt  Champlain.  In  1783  an  order 
having  been  received  to  send  Lome  the 
German  troops,  he  sailed  from  Quebec 
in  August  ot  that  year,  and  arrived  in 
England  after  a  remarkably  quick  pas- 
gage.  Tlience  he  proceeded  to  his  home 
in  Wolfenbiittel,  which  city  he  entered 
at  the  head    of  his  troops. 

March  5th,  1787,  he  was  promoted  to 
be  a  lieut, -general  j  and  in  the  following 
year  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of 
the  Brunswick  contingent,  which  formed 
a  part  of  the  German  army  that  was 
tent  to  Holland  to  support  the  cause  of 
the  stadtholdcr.  He  served  with  brief 
intervals  in  Holland  until  the  close  of 
1793,  when  be  retired  to  his  ancestral 
castle  in    Lauterbach.     In    1794  he  re- 


turned to  Brunswi-rk,  having  been  ap- 
pointed commandant  of  that  city,  but 
he  d.  ■  "t  live  long  to  enjoy  the  honors 
and  eii.  •  iments  of  the  position,  as  he 
died  in  that  town  after  a  brief  sickness, 
Jan.  6th,  1800. 

Gen.  Riedesel  in  addition  to  his  military 
promotions,  was  decorated  with  the  grand 
cross  of  the  Order  of  the  Golden  Lion. 
Although  a  brave  officer  he  gained  no 
particular  laurels  in  Amciica,  and  it  is 
easy  to  see  from  both  British  and  German 
accounts,  that  a  jealousy  existed  between 
the  troops  of  the  different  nations  upon 
Burgoyne's  campaign. 

In  December,  1762,  Gen.  Riedesel 
married  Frederica,  second  daughter 
of  Commissary  General  Von  Massow, 
by  which  union  he  had  nine  children, 
two  of  whom  were  born  on  this  con- 
tinent, viz — America,  born  in  New 
York  city,  March  7,  1780,  and  Canada, 
born  at  Sorel  in  Canada,  Nov.  i,  178a. 
His  wife  and  family  joined  him  in 
Canada  in  1777  and  accompanied  him 
on  Burgoyne's  campaign  and  in  all  his 
subsequent  movements.  Madame  Ried- 
esel's  journals  and  letters  furnish  many 
graphic  descriptions  of  affairs  in  Bur- 
goyne's army,  and  are  by  no  means  al- 
ways flattering  to  the  character  or  capacity 
of  that  notable  British  officer.  [H.  P. 
310 :  F.  E.  166.  208  :  K.  L,  :  K.  M  8 
K.  N.] 


Lieut,  Had  den's  Journal,  30 

The  Winter,  for  that  climate  was  very  mild 
and  tho*  the  Rivers  were  frozen  over  &  passable 
for  Carnages  from  the  beginning  of  January  'till 
the  Month  of  April  we  did  not  miss  parading 
twice  a  day  in  the  Champ  de  Mars  a  very  bleak 
situation,  above  12  or  14  Times  during  the  Win- 
ter.    The  cold  always  increased  with  the  wind 
from  Its  passing  over  the  Frozen  Lakes,  and  high 
winds    were   usualy  accompanied   with    a    snow 
storm,  against  which  there  is  no  Travelling      In 
calm  weather  the  Sun  was  powerful  and  pleasant 
tho    It  had  but  a  trifling  efl^ect  on  the  Snow  or 
Ice,  which  latter  was  several  Feet  thick  being  in 
many  places,  from  the  rapidity  of  the  Current 
thrown  up  in  heaps  before  the  whole  was  frozen 
over :    As  soon  as  the  River  is  passable  Roads  of 
communication  are  maue  between  the  Towns  or 
Villages  on  the  opposite  Banks  of  the  River,  and 
all    Frozen  obstacles   removed.     Montreal  is    70 
Miles  above  Sorel,  that  is  where  the  Sorel  River 
falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence. 

During  the  Winter  a  Scout  was  sent  across  the 
Lakes  under  Captain   Af<r^^y  «<?  and  brought  in 

Brilh   ^"""' n  ^"-^^     "'"''*     ""=     batulions,  were  disbanded   and   he  went 

He  wa,  promoted  to   a  lieutenancy,  Dec.  breaking  out  of  the  American  Revolu  ion 

6th,    1756,  and    continued   to    serve   in  and  upon  the  American  inva.ion  of  S 

America  t.11  the    peace  of   1763,  when  province  in   ,775,  he   wa,  an  active  d* 

twobattahonsof  the    60th    and    the  ad-  ticipant  in   thV  measured  devi«rfoft. 

d.t.onal   compan-e,     of    the    other   two  defence.     Sanguinet  in  hi.  jTuma  r.nS 


40  Lieut.  Hadderis  "JournaL 

some  Prisoners  from  the  Partage  (or  carrying 
place)  at  the  entrance  of  Lake  George  :  we  learnt 
from  them  that  the  Enemy  were  preparing 
against  an  Attack  from  us  at  Tyconderoga. 

The  latter  end  of  April  the  River  began  to 
free  itself  from  the  Floating  Ice,  which  had 
broken  loose  about  a  fortnight  before.  The 
moment  the  Snow  is  off  the  ground  Summer 
commences,  and  vegetation  is  uncommonly  quick. 


Berthelut  and  Lorimier  in  their 
Memoirs,  to  be  found  in  vol.  I  of  Ver- 
reau's  Inuaston  du  Canada,  make  frequent 
mention  of  McKay  as  he  was  often  dis- 
patched upon  scouis  and  petty  expeditions 
for  prisoners  or  information.  The  latter 
part  of  May,  1775,  Sanguinet  tells  us, 
'•Lieutenant  Samuel  Makaye,  officier  de 
distinction  "  set  out  from  Montreal  with 
fifty  Canadian  volunteers  to  occupy  the 
fcrt  at  St.  John's,  where  he  remained 
till  its  caprure  in  September,  1775,  when 
he  was  made  a  prisoner.^  Gen.  Mont- 
gomery wrote  to  Gen.  Schuyler  from 
Montreal,  Nov.  19, 1775,  as  follows — "I 
wish  I  could  have  apprized  you  in  time, 
of  your  obligations  to  Captain  McKay. 
He  generously  offered  Mr.  Carleton,  if 
he  would  give  him  200  men,  to  go  and 
burn  the  new  church  at  Sartigan,  last 
summer  j  he  is  so  inveterate  a  fellow 
that  I  think  if  the  other  prisoners  ^huuid 
be  indulged  in  returning  to  their  families 
this  winter,  he  ou^ht  not  to  be  permitted 
to  enter  this  Province."'  Gen.  Schuyler, 
in  a  letter  from  Albany  to  Gov.  Trum- 
bull of  Connecticut,  under  date  of  Dec. 
1 2th,  in  that  same  year,  wrote,  — "  Mr. 
McKay,  who  was  taken  at  St.  John's, 
hat  behaved  in  such  a  manner  that 
the  Committee  of  this  place  have  re- 
quested his  removal.  I  have  discharged 
him  from  his  parole  of  honour,  and  he 
goes  under  an  eKort  to  Lebanon^,"  Con- 


necticut. He  was  .  ..  rdingly  forwarded 
to  Hartford,  and  March  aist,  of  the 
next  year,  he  and  nine  other  British 
officers,  prisoners  there,  memorialized 
Congress  to  be  removed  from  Hartford, 
because,  as  they  say,  "  notwithstanding 
it  is  their  earnest  wish  and  design  to 
avoid  giving  any  just  and  reasonable 
cause  of  offence  to  the  inhabitants  in 
their  neighbourhood,  yet  the  most  trivial 
incidents  are  industriously  misrepresented 
and  maliciously  propagated  through  the 
country,  insomuch  that  their  personal 
safety  is  actually  endangered  by  mobs, 
there  being  none  of  the  Continental 
Troops  here  to  grant  them  a  safeguard. "S 
Illustrations  of  the  kind  of  treatment 
complained  of,  are  given  by  the  British 
Major  French  of  the  2ad  Foot,  then  a 
prisoner  at  Hartford,  in  his  Journal  to  be 
found  in  vol.  I,  of  the  Collections  of 
the  Connecticut  Historical  Society.  The 
memorial  proving  ineffectual,  we  next 
find  Capt.  McKay  applying  to  Gen. 
Washington  on  the  9th  of  April  for  a 
release  by  exchange  or  on  parole ;  but 
without  success.'  Failing  to  secure  his 
liberty  in  any  other  way  Capt.  McKay 
broke  hit  parole  on  Saturday  night,  May 
19th,  and,  in  the  garb  of  a  clcvjiyman, 
attempted  to  escape  to  Canada."  Under 
date  of  Wednesday,  May  22u,  Major 
French  wrote  in  his  Journal  — "  Capt. 
McKay   and  his  servant,  one  McFarlan 


Lieut.  HadderCs  yournal,  41 


The  Snow  usualy  goes  away  the  beginning  of 
May  &  by  yune  you  have  ripe  Strawberries,  even 
before  the  Snow  is  gone  the  Climate  &  Sun  is 
almost  unpleasantly  warm.  Upon  the  whole  the 
Winter  in  Canada  may  be  passed  very  pleasantly 
the  weather  being  in  general  settled,  and  the 
amusement  oiCabrioling  (or  driving  m  a  Carriage 
without  Wheels  supported  by  pieces  of  wood 
shod  with  Iron)  which  is  healthy  and  much  fol- 


of  the  Royal  Artillery,  were  brought 
back  in  company  with  one  Graves,  of 
Pittsfield  in  the  Province  of  Massa- 
chuietts  Bay,  about  70  miles  distant, 
whom,  they  alledged,  was  his  guide, 
having  been  taken  at  Laneiborough,  four 
or  five  miles  beyond  Pittsfield,  by  tome 
country  fellows  who  suspected  tiiem,  and 
who  after  having  tied  him,  knocked  him 
down,  and  beat  and  abused  him  in  the 
grossest  manner.  In  the  evening  they 
were  all  sent  to  the  common  gaol  in- 
discriminately." Major  French,  in  re- 
ferring to  Capt.  McKay's  bruises,  states 
that  the  captain  was  refused  the  services 
of  the  surgeons  he  desired,  and  adds  — 
"In  consequence  of  the  behaviour  of 
the  mob  on  the  20th,  and  the  inflamed 
appearan'-^  we  observed  among  them 
when  Capt.  McKay  was  brought  back, 
we  all  signed  a  paper,  and  I  gave  it  to 
the  Governor,  requesting  protection  from 
the  fury  of  the  populace." 

The  Connecticut  Courant  and  Hartford 
fFeekly  Intelligencer  for  May  27,  1776, 
characterized  McKay's  violation  of  his 
parole  in  the  following  vigorous  man- 
ner — "  The  infamous  Capt.  McKay, 
who  i>  to  lost  to  every  principle  of  honor 
as  to  violate  his  parole  and  endeavour 
to  make  his  escape  as  mentioned  in  our 
last,  was  last  Monday  apprehended  and 
taken  by  a  number  of  gentlemen  at 
Lainiborough,  Berkshire  county,  and  on 


Wednesday  following  was  safely  brought 
to  this  town  and  lodged  in  the  common 
goal.  His  servant,  McFarland,  together 
with  a  certain  John  Graves  of  Pittsfield, 
were  likewise  taken  with  him,  and  both 
are  committed  to  prison.  Graves  is  an 
inhabitant  of  Pittstield,  in  the  province 
of  Massachusetts  Bay,  where  he  hat 
considerable  property  :  but  being  in- 
stigated by  the  devil,  and  his  own  wicked 
heart,  he  had  undertaken  to  pilot  Mc 
Kay  to  Albany,  and  had  procured  fresh 
horses  at  proper  stages  on  thr  road  to 
expedite  his  flight.  Quere.  fVhat  dae% 
the  lait  mentioned  •villain  deserve?  " 

Notwithstanding  the  captain  was  com- 
mitted to  close  jail  in  Hartford,  neither 
bolts  nor  ban  were  effectual  to  restrain 
him  long,  as  Major  French  records  un- 
der date  of  "Tuesday,  loth  Sept., 
Capt.  McKay  and  Mr.  Graves  made 
their  escape  this  night  in  a  manner 
which  surprized  all  without,  as  much  as 
us  their  fellow  prisoners,  since  there 
was  no  appearance  of  any  breach,  and  two 
strong  prison  doors  were  bolted  and  the 
outside  one  locked." 

The  advertisementof  the  reward  otfered 
for  McKay's  arrest  taken  from  the  Con- 
necticut Courant  for  Sept.  23,  1776, 
affords  us  a  glimpse  of  this  worthy's  per* 
sonal  appearance,  at  least  as  he  appeared 
to  the  patriot  authorities  to  whom  he 
had  given  the  slip.     It  is  as  follows  — 


4-2  Lieut »  H add  en's  Journal, 

lowed  by  all  Ranks  above  the  very  poor.  They 
can  enjoy  every  fine  day,  and  necessity  is  the 
parent  of  many  home  amusements. 

Skating  may  sometimes  offer  but  tho'  there 
is  plenty  of  Ice  you  cannot  always  find  a 
clear  spot.  To  obviate  this,  the  officers  at  many 
places  hired  people  to  sweep  away  the  Snow 
as  it  fell  upon  certain  situations  fixed  for  that 
exercise. 


♦'  Se-vtnty  Dollars  Reward' 

"Escaped  from  Hartford  goal,  in  the 
State  of  Connecticut,  in  the  night 
following  the  loth  instant,  one  Samuel 
McKay,  a  Lieut,  in  the  British  ser- 
vice, taken  at  St.  John's  and  confined 
by  the  Committee  for  having  before 
broke  his  parole  by  running  away. 
And  one  yohn  Graves  of  Pittsfield,  who 
was  imprisoned  for  being  a  vile  tory,  and 
assisting  said  McKay  in  getting  away  zs 
aforesaid.  Said  McKay  has  a  wife  in 
Canada,  is  of  light  complexion,  light 
coloured  hair  and  eyes,  considerably  pitted 
with  the  small  pox,  has  a  long  nose,  is 
tall  in  stature,  has  a  droll  fawning  way 
in  speech  and  behaviour,  uncertain  what 
clothes  he  wore  away  ;  had  with  him  a 
blue  coat  with  white  cuH^  and  lapels,  a 
gray  mixt  coloured  coat,  and  a  red  coat 
white  waistcoats,  a  brown  camblet  cloak 
lined  with  green  baize,  and  a  pair  of 
brown  corduroy  breeches.  Graves  is 
short  in  stature,  has  long  black  hair, 
brown  complexion,  dark  eyes,  one  leg 
shorter  than  t'other,  appears  rather  simple 
n  talk  and  behaviour  ,•  had  a  snufF 
colour'd  surtout  and  coat,  green  waist- 
coat, and  white  flannel  ditto,  leather 
breeches  and  white  trousers.  Whoever 
shall  take  up  and  return  to  the  goal  in 
Hartford,  the  aforesaid  McKay  and 
Graves,  shall  be   entitled  to    50  dollars 


reward  for  said   McKay,  and  zo   dollars 
for  said  Graves,  by 

EZEKIEL    W|LLIAM^  Sheriff. 

Hartford,  September  11,  1776." 

Capt.  McKay  hastened  to  Canada,  and 
as  early  as  Nov.  20tb,  in  that  same  year 
(1776),  was  authorized  to  raise  a  com- 
pany of  Canadians  for  the  following  year's 


campaign.' 


His  zeal   and    the   kind   of 


warfare  he  waged  is  indicated  by  the 
following  extract  from  a  letter  dated 
Albany,  March  29th,  1777,  and  printed 
in  the  Continental  Journal  for  April  10, 
1777  :  — "  A  boat  a  week  ago."  says  the 
letter,  *'  the  famous  McCay  (who  broke 
out  of  Harttbrd  Goal  last  September  and 
made  hh  escape)  with  a  party  of  Indians 
attack'd  thirty  odd  unarmed  recruits 
with  two  ofScers,  at  Sabbath-day-point, 
a  little  before  day,  as  they  were  asleep 
round  a  fire;  tbey  were  on  their  way 
from  Ticonderoga  to  Fort  George  to  join 
their  corps.  They  tomahawked  four  of 
the  men  on  the  spot  and  fired  a  ball 
through  the  upper  part  of  the  breast  of 
Capt.  Heny,  of  which  he  is  getting 
better.  Capt.  Whitcomb  with  40  men 
was  dispatch'd  as  soon  as  the  account 
reached  Ticonderoga  with  a  design  to 
fall  in  with  the  enemy  on  their  way  to 
Canada,  and  I  am  just  now  informed  he 
succeeded  in  his  plan,  and  has  killed 
several  of  the  Indians  and  wounded  sev- 
eral more :  I  hope  ic  may  be  true.     Only 


Lieut,  Hadden's  yournaU  43 


The  6th  of  May  Gen'l  Burgoyne  arrived  at 
Quebec  from  England,  it  is  remarkable  that,  that 
very  day  twelve-months  the  Garrison  was  re- 
lieved, and  that  no  Ships  ever  arrived  sooner,  the 
Passage  up  the  River  be'g  obstructed  by  the  Ice. 
Preparations  were  now  made  for  an  Expedition 
under  his  Command,  against  Tyconderoga. 
Contracts  for  Horses  were  made  and  Carriages 


two  of  the  party,  beside  the  wounded 
officer,  got  clear  of  the  Savages,  the  re- 
mainder that  were  not  killed  were  taken 
prisoners." 

Having  raised  a  company  of   one  hun- 
dred men,  which    in  the   spring  of  1777 
was  attached  to  St.  Leger's  expedition,  he 
declined    the    appointment    as     captain, 
and  went  upon   Burgoyne's   campaign  as 
a  volunteer.      This  he   did,  according  to 
Sanguinet,  because  he  was  dissatisfied  with 
Sir  Guy  Carleton's  unwillingness  to  com- 
mission him,  for  it   must  be  remembered 
that  being  appointed  an  officer,  and  being 
commissioned    as   one,    were     two    very 
different   things   in    the   loyal   provincial 
corps.      He  was  a   brave   and  active  par- 
tisan,  and    with  a    party   of  troops   and 
Indians  demolished  a  number  of  wagons 
at  Skenesborough   which    were   carrying 
stores   to   the    .Americans,  and   took  the 
drivers    prisoners.^     He    rendered    much 
like  service  throughout  Burgoyne's  cam- 
paign, and  returned  to  Canada  upon  that 
general's  surrender.     The  following  letter 
from  Gen.  Haldimand   to   Capt.  McKay 
shows  what  a  stumbling  block  the  dec- 
lination of  the  command  of  the  Canadian 
company  afterwards  became  in  the  latter's 
path. 

"^ebec,  tie  13M  Ju/y,  1778. 
"  Lt.  Mackay. 

"  Sir.  I  have  rec'd  a  letter  from  you 
dated  the  nth  of  this  month  and  in 
answer  to  it  I  can    only  inform  you  that 


as  you  refused  the  offer  which  Gen'l 
Carleton  made  you  of  a  Canadian  com- 
pany last  summer,  the  General  did  not 
think  proper  to  employ  you  afterwards 
in  any  other  military  capacity.  As  to 
the  command  of  Phister's  which  you 
aJledge  was  given  you  by  Gen'l  Burgoyne 
you  must  be  sensible  that  upon  its  en- 
tering this  province  Gen'l  Carleton  only 
was  to  judge  of  the  propriety  of  keeping 
it  up  or  not,  or  of  making  what  alter- 
ations he  thought  proper  in  it.  No 
charge,  or  accusation  is  brought  against 
you,  neither  is  your  character  in  any 
respect  impeached.  Gen'l  Carleton  did 
not  receive  the  men  you  brought  as 
troops,  but  as  People  who  from  their 
distressed  situation  wanted  that  some 
provision  should  be  made  for  them,  and  I 
see  no  reason  at  present  for  making  any 
change  in  the  arrangements  he  has 
thought  proper  to  settle  in  regard  to  this 
matter  made  by  Sir  Guy  Carleton  in  this 
respect.'"" 

Capt  McKay  died  in  the  summer  of 
1779,  leaving  a  wife  and  family  in  dis- 
tress, according  to  Gen'l  Haldimand,  who 
pronounced  the  deceased  officer  to  be 
"an  exceeding  good  soldier.""  ['B.  H. 
»K.  Y.  33,41,143:  A.  W.  229:  H.  S. 
287.  3E.  1683.  4F.  248.  5G.  452.  «G. 
858.  71-  133:  H.  563,  574,  601,633. 
«F.  B.  270.  9H.  G.  614.  i°F.  L.  4. 
"F.  H.  134.] 


44  Lieut,  Haddens  Journal, 

purchased,  the  Batteaux's  were  put  in  repair,  and 
the  New  Ship,  called  the  Royal  George  was 
launched  and  fitted  up  to  carry  24  Guns.  12 
P'rs.  Some  of  the  Rebel  Vessels  taken  last  year, 
were  also  put  in  condition  to  act  offensively  and 
went  thro'  several  alterations. 

Gen'l  Burgoyne  arrived  at  Montreal,  and  the 
following  Corps  were  order'd  for  the  expedition, 
(viz)  the  9th,  20th,  2ist,  24th,  47th,  53rd  and 
62nd  British  Regiments  with  the  Flank  Com- 
panies of  the  2v^th,  31st  &  34th  Regiments, 
British.  The  Regiments  of  iJ^^'/z,  Specht,  Reidesily 
Prince  Frederick,  and  Hesse  Hanau  and  the  Com- 
pany of  Artillery,  German,  with  about  40  Jagers, 
&  as  many  English  Marksmen  selected  from 
the  different  Regiments,  &  called  Rangers. 
Also  some  few  Canadians,  and  Provincials  in  all 
about  7000  Men  ;  including  250  British  Artillery, 
&  some  Recruits  for  Gen'l  Howe's  Army  under 
a  Lt.  Nutt.  «?•  Under  General  Burgoyne,  were, 
Maj'r    Generals  Phillips  &    Reidesil,  Brigadiers 


ar.  George  Anson  Nutt  w«  com- 
missioned  as  ensign  in  the  33d  Foot, 
Aug.  a8,  1771,  and  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy,  Oct.  26,  1775.  How  he 
happened  to  be  in  Canada  in  1776,  and 
with  Burgoyne  in  1777,  has  been  ex- 
plained in  the  Editor's  Eiplanatory 
Chapter.  He  and  hi*  recruits  were 
attached  to  the  artillery  on  Burgoyne's 
campaign,  and  were  included  in  the 
capitulation  at  Saratoga,  his  name  being 


attached  to  the  Cambridge  Parole.  He 
was  promoted  to  be  capt. -lieutenant,  Oct. 
I,  1780,  and  he  was  exchanged  Sept. 
3,  I7£i.  At  the  peace  of  1783  he 
went  upon  half- pay,  and  did  not  return 
to  active  service  till  1787,  when  he  be- 
came a  captain  in  the  65th  Foot,  hit 
commission  bearing  date  on  M^y  30th 
of  that  year.  He  appears  in  the  Army 
Lists  for  the  last  time  in  1789.  [B.  H.  : 
K.    J.  64.] 


Lieut,  Hadden's  Journal.  4.5 


Frazer<i^y  Powell^t^  Hamilton  f^^^  Specht^^^,  and  Goll. 
Another  expedition  was  also  prepared  under 
Brigadier  Gen'l  5/.  Leger^f^^'^  consisting  of  about 


at.  See  Appendix  9. 

at.  See  Appendix  10. 

au.  See  Appendix  11. 

av.  Johann  Friedcrich  Specht  was 
colonel  of  the  Regiment  Specht,  and  was 
the  second  in  command  of  the  Bruns- 
wickers  tent  to  Canada  in  the  spring  of 
1776,  to  re-inforce  Gen.  Carleton,  ranlc- 
ing  next  to  Maj.-Gen.  Riedesel.  The 
Germans,  it  will  be  remembered,  went 
to  Canada  in  two  divisions ;  the  first, 
commanded  by  Gen.  Riedesel,  arrived  at 
Quebec,  June  I,  1776;  and  the  second, 
under  Col.  Specht,  reached  there  on  the 
17th  of  the  following  September.  As 
loon  as  Col.  Specht  arrived  in  Canada 
he  assumed  command  of  a  brigade  con- 
sisting of  his  own  regiment,  and  tiie 
Regiment  Rhetz,  though  he  was  not 
appointed  a  brig. -general,  till  Oct.  28, 
1776.  The  winter  quarters  of  his 
brigade  in  1776,  and  '77,  occupied  the 
parishes  of  Champlain,  Batisca,  and  St. 
Anne,  and  there  he  passed  the  winter. 
In  1777  he  and  his  command  formed 
part  of  Burgoyne's  expedition,  and  on 
the  7th  of  June  they  crossed  the  St. 
Lawrence  en  route  to  the  place  of  ren- 
dezvous of  Burgoyne's  furce,the  Regiment 
Riedesel  being  added  to  Specht's  brigade, 
which  was  known  as  the  First  German 
Brigade.  He  shared  in  the  dangers, 
misfortunes  and  capitulation  of  Bur- 
goyne's army,  and  on  the  march  of  the 
Convention  troops  to  Virginia  he  com- 
manded the  German  divisions.  When 
in  the  autumn  of  1779,  ^"^  Riedesel 
left  Virginia  for  New  York  on  parole 
preparatory  to  being  exchanged,  Gen. 
Specht  assumed  entire  command  of  the 
Germans   remaining  in  Virginia,  which 


he  retained  until  he  was  himself  ex- 
changed in  Oct.,  1780.  Gen.  Specht 
went  to  Canada  after  his  exchange,  as 
we  find  him  serving  there  in  June,  1 78 1 ; 
and  in  September  of  that  year  he  com- 
manded the  German  troops  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Montreal.  He  served  in  Canada 
during  the  remainder  of  the  war,  and 
returned  home  with  the  German  troops, 
entering  Brunswick  at  the  head  of  the 
second  division  (Riedesel  led  the  first), 
in  Oct.,  1783.  He  died  at  Brunswick 
as  a  pensioned  colonel,  June  24,  1787. 
Unfortunately,  the  editor,  or  translator,  of 
the  memoirs  of  Maj.  Gen.  Riedesel,  hag 
confused  Col.  Specht,  of  ''he  Regiment 
Specht,  aftei  wards  a  brigadier-general, 
with  Lieut. -Col.  Speth  of  the  Regiment 
Riedesel,  by  frequently  calling  the  latter 
Lieut. -Col.  Spetht,  which  interferes  with 
the  usefulness  of  that  work  in  regard  to 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  [K.  M. 
26,  62,  66,  68,  76,  82,  100,  107  :  K. 
N.  47.  73.  100,  138,  184,  206,  207, 
248:   K.  L.  160  :   F.  E.  53.] 

atv.  Barry  St.  Leger,  a  nephew  of  the 
fourth  Viscount  Doneraile,  was  of  Hu- 
guenot descent,  and  was  born  in  or  about 
the  year  1737.'  He  entered  the  British 
military  service  as  an  ensign  in  the  28th 
Foot,  April  27th,  1756,  and  the  next 
year  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Amer- 
ica where  it  served  under  Gen.  Aber- 
cromby.  He  seems  to  have  been  allowed 
to  jump  the  grade  of  lieutenant,  and  he 
was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in  the  48th 
Foot,  then  likewise  in  America,  March 
24th,  1758.^  He  participated  in  the 
siege  and  capture  of  Louisbourg  in  1758, 
and  accompanied  Wolfe  to  Quebec  in 
1759,  participating  in  the  battle  on  the 
Heights  of  Abraham.  The  last  order 
given  by  the  dying    Wolfe  was —  "  Go, 


1 


^b  Lieut.  HadderCs  Journal, 

2  Hundred  Regulars,  a  Provincial  Reg't  of  200 
More  and  3  or  4  hundred  Wirtemburg  Chasseurs, 
and  to  be  joined  by  about  4  or  500  Savages  in 
all  it  was  expected  he  wou'd  have  1 2  or  13  hun- 
dred Men  bearing  arms.  He  carried  with  him 
2 — 6  Pounders,  2 — 3  Pounders,  4 — 4^  Howitzers 
and  40  Artillery  Men,  under  two  Subalterns. 
This  Detachment  was  destined  to  pass  by  Niagara 
across  Lake  Ontario  to  Oswego   and  attack    Fort 


one  of  you,  my  lads,  to  Colonel  Burton, 
tell  him  to  march  Webb's  regiment" 
(the  48th)  "  with  all  speed  to  Charles's 
river  to  cut  off  the  retreat  of  the  fugi- 
tives from  the  bridge,"  St.  Leger,  whc 
was  in  Webb's  regiment,  behaved  gal- 
lantly near  the  bridge  in  checking  the 
flight  of  the  French,  and  was  slightly 
wounded.'  In  July,  1760,  he  was  ap- 
pointed brigade  major  preparatory  to 
marching  to  Montreal^,  and  he  became 
major  of  the  95th  Foot  Aug.  i6th,  1762. 
Upon  that  regiment's  being  reduced  at 
the  peace  of  1763,  he  went  upon  half- 
pay.  He  became  a  lieut. -colonel  in  the 
army,  May  25,  1772,  and  the  lieut.- 
colonelofthe  34th  Foot,  May  20,  1775."'' 

•'''  The  Annual  Register  for  1773,  under 
date  of  April  7th,  contains  a  notice  of 
the  marriage  of  "  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Barry  St.  Leger,  nephew  of  the  late 
Lord  Viscount  Doneraile,  and  fellow  of 
St.  Peter's  College,  Cambridge,  to  Lady 
Mansel,  widow  of  the  late  Sir  Edward 
Mansel    of    Trinsaran,    South    Wales." 

'"^tn  the  spring  of  1776,  his  regiment 
formed  a  part  of  the  reinforcement  sent 
over  to  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  and  he  ac- 
companied it  to  Canada.  He  took  part 
in  Sir  Guy's  operations  in  1776,  and  the 
next  year,  acting  as  a  brigadier,  he  led  the 
force  which  was  intended  to  move 
from  Oswego  by  the  way  of  Oneida 
Lake  and  Wood  creek  to  the  Mohawk, 


thence  down  the  river  to  Albany, 
where  a  junction  was  to  be  effected 
with  Burgoyne.*  The  termination 
of  the  affair  so  unfortunate  for  its 
commander,  is  well  known.  Hit 
report  to  Gen.  Burgoyne  of  his  opera- 
tions before  Fort  Stanwix  (or  Schuyler), 
u^'ed  Oswego,  Aug.  27,  1777,  is  to  be 
iuund  in  the  appendix  of  the  State  of  the 
Expedition.  Sir  Guy  Carleton  evi- 
dently thought  St.  Leger  lacking  in 
vigor  in  disciplining  his  troops  as  shown 
by  the  former's  letter  to  Gen.  Maclean, 
which  is  as  follows  : 

"  HtAU  {Quarters  Quebec, 

24M7«/)',  1777. 

.  .  .  Lieut.-Culonel  St.  Leger  may  be 
informed  that  he  ought  to  have  seized 
and  sent  down  here  in  irons,  those 
Canadians  whom  he  mentions  having 
held  such  conversations  to  and  occa- 
sioned the  desertion  of  Capt.  Rouville's 
Company.  Two  men  for  each  deserter 
are  to  be  demanded,  upon  pain  of  mili- 
tary execution,  from  the  parishes  to 
which  the  deserters  belong,  and  the  Cap- 
tains of  Militia  are  to  be  enjoined  to  find 
the  deserters  themselves,  and  safely  con- 
duct them  to  where  you  shall  direct,  in 
order  to  their  being  sent  prisoners  to  the 
companies  from  which  they  have  de- 
serted, there  to  be  tried  and  punished. "S 

Sept.  23,  1777,  St.  Leger's  force 
was  sent  to  Ticonderoga  to  be  subject  to 


Lieut,  Hodden's  JournaL  4.7 

Stanijoixy  after  which  Gen'l  St.  Leger  was  to 
proceed  down  the  Mohawk^  and  join  Gen'l  Bur- 
goyne  at  Albany. 

June  the  4th  being  the  Kings  Birth  day  the 
Town  (Montreal)  was  illuminated,  and  Thurs- 
day June  the  5th  1777  I  crossed  the  St.  Lawrence 
(here  near  two  Miles  wide)  and  arrived  at  Lon- 
geiui  on  the  opposite  shore,  with  the  Detachment 
of  Artillery  destined  for   the  expedition.     In  the 


Gen.  Burguyne's  orders,  but,  as  commu- 
nication with  Burgoyne  was  inteiruptcd, 
it  did  not  proceed  si'Utii  of  Ticonderoga, 
and  whien  that  Fortress  was  abandoned  in 
November  of  that  year  it  returned  to 
Canada."  He  became  a  colonel  in  the 
army,  Nov.  17th,  1780''', and  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  army  in  Canada  Oct.  2l$t, 
1782,  his  command  consisting  ot  the 
troops  "on  the  Island  of  Montreal,  Isle 
of  Jesus,  Miller  Island  as  far  as  Couteau 
du  Lac  upon  the  north,  and  from  thence 
to  La  Prairie  exclusive  on  the  touth  side 
of  the  River  St.  Lawrence."''  He  was 
commandant  of  his  majesty's  forces  in 
Canadi  in  the  autumn  of  1784,''  and  his 
name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the 
last  time  in  1785.  J  A  writer  in  the 
American  Historical  Record  for  1 874 
(p.  435)  says  he  died  in  1789.  when  he 
was  a  little  past  fifty   years  of  age. 

It  it  not  easy,  from  the  data  that  hare 
come  down  to  us,  to  form  a  clear  idea  of 
St.  Leger's  character.  His  letter  to  Gen. 
Schuyler  dated  Nov.  7th,  178 1,  in  re- 
ference to  some  of  the  latter's  silver  that 
had  been  plundered  by  a  British  scouting 
party,  does  not  reflect  upon  St.  Leger 
discreditably',  but  his  duplicity  in  trying 
to  induce  the  garrison  of  Fort  Schuyler 
to  surrender,  cannot  legitimately  be  in- 
cluded under  the  tei.i',  military  strategy; 
and  his  message  holding  out  the  terrors 
of  unrestrained  savage  allies,  was  so  bar- 


barous, that  Col.  Willett  characterized  it 
as  "  a  degrading  one  for  a  British  otficer 
to  send,  and  by  no  means  reputable  for  • 
British  otficer  to  carry."* 

St.  Leger's  message  prepares  us  to  be- 
lieve the  otherwise  well  nigh  incredible 
deposition  of  Dr  Moses  Younglove  who 
was  taken  prisoner  at  Orislcany,  where 
he  says  he  was  informed  by  several  ser- 
geants orderly  on  Gen.  St.  Leger  that 
$20  were  oflered  in  general  orders  for 
every  American  scalp.'" 

The  testimony  of  Squire  Ferris,  like- 
wise, who  was  an  American  prisoner  in 
Canada  in  the  spring  of  1779,  is  of  tht 
most  unflattering  description.  Speaking 
of  a  party  of  fellow  prisoners  who  had 
attempted  to  escape,  Ferris  says —  "  For 
four  days  before  they  were  retaken,  they 
had  nothing  tor  food  but  tea,  and  were 
so  weak  they  could  hardly  walk.  The 
forces  at  St.  John's  were  then  com- 
manded by  Col.  St.  Leger,  a  brutal 
drunkard,  who  ordered  the  prisoners  to  be 
ironed  together,  and  put  them  in  a  dun- 
geon for  fourteen  days,  at  the  end  of 
which  time,  and  ironed  hiind  in  hand  to 
each  other,  they  were  sent  to  Chamblee 
and  from  there  by  the  rivers  Sorel  and  St. 
Lawrence  to  Quebec.""  ['N.  435.  'B. 
H.  n  ,  R.  714. 
»F.  B.  617.  "F. 
^F.  E.  107,  ao8.  8j.  R.  9M.  U. 
'•  L.  J.  App.  10..     "'L.  M  92.] 


♦L.  I :    G.  2, 
C,   24;    F.  E. 


66. 

85. 
58. 


48  Lieut.  HadderCs  yournal. 


Evening  I  rode  over  to  Boucherville  a  very  pleas- 
ant Village  also  on  the  Banks  of  the  River  and 
Six  Miles  from  hence. 

Gen'l  Carlton  passed  here   this  day  on  his  way 
to  St.    Johns :   He,   with    Maj'r     Gen'l  Jones  «* 


ax.  Valentine  Jones  was  born  in  or 
about  the  year  1723,  and  entered  the 
British  army  in  1741  as  an  ensign  in  the 
33d  Foot.  He  wai  present  at  the  battle  of 
Dettingen  in  1743  ;  and  at  Fontenoy,  in 
1745,  ^^  ^^  ""^  °^  ^^^  ^^'^  officers  of 
the  33d  left  alive.  He  was  promoted  to 
a  lieutenancy,  May  I,  17451  during 
which  year  he  returned  to  England  and 
assisted  in  suppressing  the  rebellion  in 
Scotland.  He  became  capt. -lieutenant 
of  the  33d.  Sept.  a6,  1754,  and  a  captain 
in  the  54th  Foot,  Oct.  13,  1755.  In 
1758  this  regiment  was  re-numbered  as 
the  52d,  and  he  became  its  major,  Oct. 
14,  1758,  and  its  lieut. -colonel,  March 
4,  1760.  During  the  war  which  ended 
at  the  peace  of  1763  this  officer  was 
stationed  in  Ireland,  where  he  was  of 
essential  service  in  defending  many  parts 
of  that  kingdom  from  the  outrages  of 
the  White  Boys.  In  the  memorable  riot 
near  the  parliament  house  in  Dublin, 
which  threatened  the  destruction  of  the 
Duke  ot  Bedford,  his  activity  and  atten- 
tion were  the  means  of  preserving  the 
live$  of  the  viceroy  and  the  secretary,  he 
being  the  commanding  officer  of  the  party 
which  quelled  the  disturbance.  For  his 
conduct  on  that  occasion  he  received  the 
thanks  of  the  House  of  Commons. 
He  became  a  colonel  in  the  army.  May 
25,  1772,  and  in  1774,  when  his 
regiment  was  ordered  away  from  Quebec, 
where  it  had  long  been  stationed,  the 
following  gratifying  address  was  pres- 
ented to  him,  viz. — 

"  To  Valentine  Jones,  Esq.,  Lieut.- 
Colonel  of  his  Majesty's  5  2d  Reg't  of 
Foot. 


"  The  Address  of  the  Subscribers,  Mer- 
chants, and  other  Inhabitants  of  the  city 
of  Quebec. 

"Sir  :  It  is  with  much  concern  we 
learn  that  his  Majesty's  service  at  this 
time  calls  for  you  and  the  Regiment 
under  your  command  from  this  province; 
and  we  should  on  this  occasion  be  much 
short  oi  thi:  respect  due  to  you,  and 
which  Truth  demands  of  us,  if  we  did 
not  take  this  public  method  of  returning 
you  our  most  sincere  and  hearty  thanki 
for  the  obliging,  regular  and  humane 
conduct  you  have  ever  observed  for  the 
many  years  you  have  resided  among  us  ; 
during  which  you  have  always  paid  that 
just  regard  to  the  protection  of  our 
Civil  Rights,  and  the  proper  Discipline 
of  the  Troops  under  your  Command,  ai 
became  the  prudent  and  experienced 
officer. 

•'  We  heartily  wish  you  and  the 
gentlemen  of  the  Corps  under  yoor 
Command  a  safe  and  pleasant  voyage,  and 
doubt  not  that  in  your  next  quarters  hit 
Majesty's  Subjects  may  have  equal  cause 
to  bear  Testimony  of  the  uprightness  of 
your  conduct  as  the  citizens  of  Quebec. 
We  have  the  honour  to  be,  &c." 

In  December,  1774,  Gen.  Gage,  then 
commander-in-chief  in  America,  ap- 
pointed Col.  Jones  a  brig. -general,  and 
Capt.  Edward  Cane  of  the  43d  Foot,  his 
major  of  brigade.  Gen.  Jones  was 
appointed  a  major-general  in  America 
Jan.  I,  1776;  colonel  of  the  62d  Foot 
Jan.  15,  1776)  and  a  major-general  in 
the  army,  Aug.  ?9,  1777.  He  arrived 
in  England  from  America  early  in 
November,  1778,  and  on  the    i8th   of 


Lieut,  Hodden's  Journal,  49 


remains  in  Canada,  and  for  the  defence  of  that 
Province  retains  the  29th,  31st  &  34th  Regi- 
ments except  a  hundred  from  the  latter  going 
with  Brigadier  Gen'l  St.  Leger.  He  has  also  2 
German  Reg'ts  °y  and  50  Men  from  Six  of  the 
Regiments  going    with   Gen'l  Burgoyne,   in  all 


that  month  had  a  conference  with  hi* 
majesty.  He  died  at  LUnidloei,  Mont- 
gomerj'sbire,  Scotland,  in  November, 
1779.  The  Gtnt/eman't  Magazine  i»yi: — 
"  He  had  been  in  the  army  thirty- 
eight  years,  and  during  that  period  had 
lerred  his  country  on  many  important 
and  trying  occasions.  ...  At  the 
close  of  last  year  [1778]  he  returned 
from  America,  where  he  had  served 
fourti  -n  years,  and  where  he  had  been 
employed  on  many  services,  botb  civil 
and  military,  and  distinguished  for  his 
bravery,  humanity,  and  evtry  other  virtue 
which  can  adorn  the  soldier  and  the 
man.  Increasing  infirmities,  the  conse- 
quences of  an  active  and  laborious  litie 
wholly  spent  in  the  duty  of  his  station, 
necessarily  requiring  those  assistances 
which  could  only  be  afforded  to  him  in 
his  own  country,  he  died  at  the  age  of 
56,  honoured  with  the  confidence  of 
men  of  the  ablest  judgement  and  highest 
rank  in  his  profession ;  respected  and 
beloved  by  the  army  in  general  ;  while 
his  iou  will  be  long  deplored,  and  his 
memory  revered  by  every  domestic 
connection."  [B.  H.:  J.  C:  J.  D.: 
H.  J.  462,  486:  H.L.  466:  D.  W. 
566.] 

ay.  The  Hanau  Chaueurs  muit  have 
been  one  of  the  two  German  regiments 
Hadden  referred  to.  It  probably  arrived 
in  Canada  late  in  the  spring  or  early  in 
the  summer  of  1777,  and  an  extract 
from  a  letter  from  Hanau,  Jan.  24, 
>777»  printed  in  the  Continental 
yournal  of  May  22,  1 777,  speaks  of  it 


in  this 

"  A  corps  of  volunteer  chasseurs  are 
raising  here  for  the  service  of,  and  to  be 
in  the  pay  of  Great  Britain,  destined  to 
join  the  corps  of  troopt  of  Hesse  Hannau 
in  America.  They  will  have  the  same 
high  pay  which  the  Court  of  London 
hath  given  to  the   Hessian  Chasseurs." 

Lord  George  Gcrmaine's  letter  to  Gen. 
Carleton,  d<ted  at  Whitehall,  26th 
March,  1777,  to  be  found  in  the  State 
of  the  Expedition,  A  pp.  ix,  directs  that 
342  Hanan  Chasseurs  be  put  under  St. 
Leger  tor  bis  expedition  against  Fort 
Stanwix. 

In  Cul.  Ra-asford's  Journal  of  "  Trans- 
actions as  Commissary  for  embarking 
Foreign  Troops  in  the  English  service 
from  Germany,"  tot  the  years  1776- 
'  777>  to  be  found  in  vol.  1 2,  of  the  New 
York  Historical  Society's  Publication 
Fund  Series,  we  find  that  three  com- 
panies of  HaiMu  Chaueurs  sailed  from 
S*  Graverdael  near  Dort,  April  16, 1777, 
for  Poramoath,  England,  and  thence 
for  Canada,  where  they  subsequently  ar- 
rived, serving    under    Sir  Guy    Carleton. 

P?   430.  43 >.  43*.  469.  542- 

The  other  German  regiment  Hadden 
reficrred  to  in  the  text,  must  have  been 
composed  of  the  details  from  the  seven 
German  infantry  regiments  accompany- 
ing Burgoyne,  the  names  of  which  are 
to  be  found  on  page  loi  of  vol.  i,  of 
Gen.  Riedesel's  .Vfemoirs,  Letters  and 
Journals,  and  which  details,  according  to 
Riedesel,  amoanted  to  667,  but  accord- 
ing to  the  State  of  the  Expedition, 
App.  XXVIII,  to  711. 


50  Lieut.  Hadden^s  JournaL  - 

3500  Men  including  the  Sick  in  Hospital,  which 
are  by  no  means  numerous. 

Number  of  Artillery  Men  stationed  at  the 
different  Forts  &  Posts  in  Canada  after  the  sur- 
render of  St.  Johns  &  Chamblee,  and  previous 
to  our  arrival  last  year. 

at  Niagara 

at  Detroit 

at  Oswegatchie 

at  Michilimachina    '* 


Sab'a, 

Non  Cont'd  officer. 

Gunners. 

MatiOMc* 

I 

I 

« 

5 

I 

« 

2 

6 

« 

u 

« 

I 

<i 

(( 

« 

I 

13 


Total  a  I  2 

Of  Col.  Phillips's  Company. 

Serg'l  Gun'rt  Dmai'r 

at  Quebec  during  the  Siege  i  2  i 

These  last    under  Cap't   Tho's   Jones,  «2    and 
his  whole  command  during  the  Siege. 

a-z.     Thomas  Jones  catered  the  Royal  was    in     America     long    prioi     to     the 

Military    Academy    at    Woolwich    as    a  arrival  of  the  artillery  detachment  that 

gentleman  cadet,  March   i8,   1755,  and  was    sent    out    in    the   spring    of  1776. 

was  commiatioaed  a  lieoc-fireworker  in  The  artillery   present   at  Quebec   at  the 

the  Royal  Artillery  Dec.  27,  175  5  ;  a  zd  time     of    Montgomery's     attack,     and 

lieut.  April  X,    1757;  a   ist  Ucut.  Jan.  during  the  subsequent  siege  of  the  town 

I,    1759;    a   capC-liestenaat    Oct.    23,  by  Arnold,  belonged  to  No.  3  Company, 

1761;  and  a  cape  Jan.  I.    1771.'     He  4th  Battalion,   but    they  were  very  few 

served  in  the  ist  Battalion  ontO  he  got  in  number.     They  were  under  the  com- 

a  company,  when  be  was  transferred  to  mand  of  Capt.  Jones,  whose  services  on 

the    4th    BattalJoB.*     He    took  part   in  the  occasion  received  the  highest  praise, 

the    siege  of  BeUstsie   on   the   coast    oi  In  the  operations  to  expel  the  Americans 

France  in  1761,  and  proceeded  with  his  from  Canada  in  1776,  Capt.  Jones  took 

battalion  to  America  in  1773.*     He  was  an  active  part  and  was  attached  to  the 

stationed  in  Canada  in  1775,  so  that  he  right  wing  of  the  army.*     In  the  abtumn 


Lieut,  Hadden's  JournaL  51 

Friday,  June  6th  I  received  a  letter  from  Bob^** 
dated  April  1 3th  he  was  then  at  Kinsale  on  his  way 
to  America,  to  join  S'r  Wm.  Howe.  June  7th  the 
Detachment  marched  to  La  Prairie  Nine  Miles 
from  Longeiul,  above  Montreal,  and  pleasantly 
situate  on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  A  few 
Miles  (4  or  5)  above  this  place  is  a  Town  &  set- 
tlement of  Indians,  called  the  Cochnawauga's. 
Sunday  the  7th  we  proceeded  to  St.  Johns^  18 
Miles,  by  the  road  on  which  Gen'l  Gordon  was 
killed.  Being  incumber'd  with  many  Carts  &c 
destined  for  the  expedition  our  march  was  much 
retarded  by  the  badness  of  the  Roads,  which 
were  uncommonly  so  notwithstanding  the  late 
fine  weather  :  more  than  half  the  Carriages  were 
broken  &  we  did  not  get  to  St.  John's  'till  night. 
June   loth  M.  Gen'l  Phillips  came  to  St.  John's^ 


of  that  year  he  returned  to  England, 
and  on  the  31st  of  the  following  January 
was  married  to  a  Mils  Ibbetson,  of 
Greenwich,  at  St.  James  Church,  Picca- 
dilly, London.'  He  returned  to  Canada 
in  the  spring  of  1777,  arriving  at  Quebec 
early  in  June  with  a  company  of  artillery*, 
and  that  year  participated  in  Burgoyne'* 
campaign,  on  which  he  was  attached  to 
Gen.  Hamilton's  Brigade  in  the  right 
wing  of  the  army.  Lieut.  Hadden  was 
attached  to  his  company,  and  has  given 
us,  post,  an  interesting  account  of  the 
almost  complete  annihilation  of  Capt. 
Jones'  company,  and  of  the  captain's  death 
at  Freeman's  Farm,  Sept.  19.  Stedman 
in  his  History  of  the  American  War,  in 
(peaking  of  the  artillery  in  that  engage- 
ment, says — "The   intrepidity    of  Capt. 


Jones,  of  the  British  artillery,  who  fell 
in  this  action,  was  particularly  dis- 
tinguished." Lieut. -Col.  Kingston,  Bur- 
goyne's  adjutant-generil,  in  testifying 
before  a  committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  speaks  of  Capt.  Jones  as 
"  a  very  gallant  man,"  and  Gens. 
Burgoyne'  and  Phillips,^  in  their  reports, 
give  him  conspicuous  mention.  ['G.  U. 
*B.  H.  3C.  Z.  229,  270.  *C.  Z.  304: 
E  Z.  'H.  G.  3.  'J.  K.  'B.  N.79, 
App.  49.     ^H.  I.  10.] 

ba.  Robert  Hadden  entered  the 
British  army  as  an  ensign  in  the  4th, 
or  King's  Own  Foot,  Jan.  6,  1776,  the 
regiment  then  being  in  America.  He 
was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  Nov.  3, 
1777,  but  his  military  life  seems  to  have 


52  Lieut,  Hadden' s  Journal, 

the  iith  Gen'ls  Burgoyne  and  Reidesely  June 
1 2th  S'r  Guy  Carlton.  June  13th  the  Stand- 
ard of  England  **  was  hoisted  on  board  the 
Radcau,   and  saluted  by  the    rest    of  the  Ship- 


bren  brief,  as  his  name  appears  in  the 
Army  Lists  for  the  last  time  in  1778. 
He  was,  undoubtedly,  a  brother  of  the 
author  of  the  text.      [B.  H.] 

bb.  1  his,  it  is  believed, must  mean  the 
Royal  Standard,  as,  technically,  there  is 
no  standard  of  England.  The  Royal 
Standard  o?  Greit  Britain  is  a  square  flag 
with  the  national  arms  covering  the  entire 
field  without  any  external  accessories.  Its 
appearance  dtnotes  the  presence  of  a 
member  of  the  royal  family,  and,  when- 
ever it  is  hoistei,  it  is  saluted  by  every 
British  ship  :n  harbor.  The  British 
national  ensign  is  the  Union  Jack ;  but 
as  each  infantry  regiment  had  a  pair  of 
colors,  one  called  the  King's  [or,  in  a 
Queen's  reign,  the  Queen's]  color,  being 
the  Union  Jack  charged  with  some  orna- 
mental device,  and  the  other,  the  Regi- 
mental color,  with  the  cypher,  number, 
device,  motto  and  honors  of  the  corps 
cantoned  with  a  small  Union  Jack,  and 
as  every  British  vessel  carried  an  Union 
Jack,  we  do  not  think  the  ordinary 
national  ensign  can  be  referred  to  in  the 
text.  The  opinion  thit  the  Royal 
Standard  is  referred  to  in  the  text,  is  the 
more  Armly  entertained,  because  under 
the  news  from  London  in  the  Continental 
Journal  and  ffeekly  yiJ-vertiser  of  Boston 
for  September  19,  1776,  the  following 
item  appears,  viz : — •'  When  all  the 
troops  that  are  gone  out  arrive  in  America, 
it  is  said  that  the  Royal  Standard  is 
to  be  hoisted  in  three  different  parts  of 
the  country,  when,  it  is  thought,  many 
thousand  people,  friends  to  government, 
finding  themselves  likely  to  be  supported 
(who  were  afraid  before  to  take  [i(</»] ) 
will  flock  to  it." 


Although  St.  John's,  where  the  Stand* 
ard  was  hoisted,  was  in  Canada,  yet  the 
British  government  was  scarcely  lesi 
exercised  about  the  loyalty  of  the  Cana- 
dians than  for  that  of  those  across  the 
border.  Then,  too,  the  British  fleet  was 
about  to  enter  American  waters,  and 
Burgoyne's  was  one  of  the  principal 
British  armies  on  this  side  the  Atlantic, 
so  that  if  three  Royal  Standards  were  to 
have  been  unfurled  in  America,  his  army 
might  properly  enough  have  been  selected 
as  a  lit  locality  for  one  of  them.  As  the 
object  of  unfurling  these  Royal  Standards 
was  to  inspire  loyalty  and  fidelity  to  the 
king's  person,  and  was  intended  to  in- 
dicate, if  not  the  actual  bodily  presence 
of  royalty,  at  least  the  royal  trust  and 
confidence  that  the  king  could  safely  rely 
on  the  support  of  his  American  subjects, 
just  as  members  of  the  royal  family  are 
not  unfrequently  sent  to  distant  parts  of 
the  British  empire  as  a  mark  of  favor  and 
confidence,  the  sending  of  these  symbols 
of  royalty  was  an  ingenious  device  to 
arouse  a  spirit  of  loyalty,  which,  it  was 
hoped,  only  slumbered  and  was  not  dead. 

Stedman  in  the  second  volume  of  his 
History  of  the  American  War,  in 
writing  of  Cornwallis'  advance  northward 
through  South  Carolini  in  1781,  says, 
"  Lord  Cornwallis,  having  thus  driven 
General  Greene  out  of  the  province  of 
North  Carolina,  returned  by  easy  marches 
from  the  banks  of  the  Dan  to  Hillsbor- 
ough, where  he  erected  the  king's  stand- 
ard, and  invited  by  proclamation  all  loyal 
subjects  to  repair  to  it,  and  take  an 
active  part  in  assisting  him  to  restore 
order  and  constitutional  government." 


Lteut.  Hadden's  Journal.  53 

ping  &  Forts.     The  Fleet  now  consisted  of  The 


Royal  George  iTGun^'     Jnl'^iui  '-^''^ 

Brigg  itr^  Inflextble  20  Guns. 

Washington^^  16       '  Mal^a"'  "        ,/^''- 

Jersey^'  y 

and  24  Gun   Boats,   Mann'd  and  armed  as  last 
year   with  Brass  Artillery,   besides   these  4  Gun 
Boats,  as  on  the  former  Campaign,  were  attached 
to  the  advanced   Corps  under  B.  G.  Frazier  and 
never   acted   with   the   Fleet,  carrying  only   the 
Artillery  of  that  light  Brigade.     The  Army  wa! 
now  advanced  with  part  of  the  Shipping  to  Is/e 
au  hotx  and  Point  a  Per.   The  Barracks,  and  Dock 
lard  at  St.  Johns  were  now  complete  for  every 
necessary   purpose,    and  the  Works  in  a   state  of 
defence.     June  15th  The   Loyal  Convert,   Wash^ 
tngton  and  L..  Cuuer  took  out  their  Guns  and 
were  laden  with  Artillery,  Stores,  &  Provisions,  it 
being  known  the  Enemy  had  no  Fleet  sufficient 
to   oppose  us :   Several   Gun  Boats  on  a  new  con- 
struction lately  sent  in  pieces  from  England,  were 
left  uncompleted  for  the  same  reason.     This  day 
Gen  Is  Burgoyne  &  Reidesil  set  off  for  the  Army. 
Monday  Jnn^    i6th  'jy,  I  embarked  on  board 
the  same   Gun  Boat,  I  served  in  last  year,  carry- 

I'c.  These  vc«el,  were  taken  from  the  enemy  last  year.      [ifW</,„'.  Nou.^ 


14  Lieut,  HadderCs  yournaL    " 

ing  as  before  a  medium  1 2  P'rs  Brass,  and  in 
company  with  ye  RadeaUy  also  serv'd  by  Artillery, 
and  23  other  Gun  Boats  sailed  from  St.  Johns ; 
and  came  to  an  anchor  at  the  Isle  Au  Noix^  15 
miles.  The  Commanding  officer  of  Artillery 
with  one  Company  was  on  board  the  Radeau. 
Last  year  this  Vessel  was  commanded  by  a  Lieut. 
Scott  of  the  Navy  and  this  year  by  a  Midship  • 
man  the  management  of  the  Guns  being  both 
years  under  the  Com'g  Officer  of  Artillery's 
orders.  This  Vessel  appears  to  be  improper  for 
the  Service  as  she  will  neither  Row  or  Salt  even 
tolerably,  is  large  and  unwieldy. 

Isle  Au  Noix.  Here  we  found  several  Block 
Houses  finish'd  and  the  Island  in  a  tolerable  state 
of  defence.  The  20th  Regiment,  in  Garrison  at 
this  place  were  compensated  for  a  scarcity  of 
Fresh  Provisions  by  the  immense  quantities  of 
all  kinds  of  Fish  taken  every  where  round  the 
Island,  which  in  itself  is  extremely  barren  affi)rd- 
ing  a  bare  subsistence  for  a  few  Horses  &  Cows  : 
before  this  supply  of  Fish  was  to  be  had  (The 
Lake  being  Frozen)  the  Men  were  much  af- 
flicted with  the  Scurvey  and  many  of  them  were 
brought  to  the  General  Hospital^  which  during 
the  last  year  was  quarter'd  at  Montreal  :  A  few 
Men  died,  but  the  majority  recover'd,  and  sup- 
plies of  Fiesh  Provisions  were  latterly  sent  to 
them  across  the  Ice  from  St.  Johns :  The  Spruce 
Beer  was  also  served  to  them  &  with  success. 


Lieut,  HadderCs  Journal,  55 

Wednesday  June   i8th    1777.     We    proceeded 
to    the  Rtver  La  Cole,  9  Miles  :  this  is  a  small 
settlement  on    the  Eastern  *^  shore  of  the  Lake 
The    Man    who   lived  here    was  a  Baylor,   and 
having    received    a  sum    of    Money   which    he 
shewed  to   some  of  the  Soldiers  at  the  Isle  Au 
iV,,;,  during  the  last  Winter,  he  was  pursued  and 
murder  d,    the  perpetrators  of  this  horrid    deed 
were   discover'd    and    one    of    them    Executed 
th^e  not  being  sufficient  proof  against  the  rest! 
Thursday  June  19th.     Early  this  mornine  wc 
sailed  with  a  very  fair  wind,  passed  Point  au  fer 
where  a  Post  of  4  Companies    was  again  estab- 
lished fpr  a  Depot,  (9  Miles)  we  passed  Isle  au 
Mot,  and  I  made  a  sketch  of  a  Range  of  Moun- 
tains  seen  from  that  part  of  the  Lake.     We  also 
passed  the  Army  encamped  at  Cummerland  head; 
passed   Valcour  Island,  Point  au  Sable,  Schuylers 
Island^nd   some   other  small    Islands  called   the 
four  Brothers,  and  in  the  afternoon  came  to  an 
anchor  at  Bouquet  Ferry  where  the  Elite  of  the 
Army  under  BrigV  Gen'l  Frazer  had  taken  post 
on  the  Eastern  shore  of  the  Lake.     This  day  was 
very  fine  and  the  passage  pleasant,  the  Lake  afford- 
ing many  beautiful  prospects.     It  is  thought  the 
Lake  IS  wider  opposite  to  Cummerland  Bay  than 

to  the  full  as  wide  near  Schuylers  Island,  h^mg 


56  Lieut,  Hadden's  yournaL 

there  about  1 2  or  15  Miles  across,  and  for  about 
60  Miles  it  does  not  increase  or  diminish  con- 
siderably except  under  the  immediate  influence 
of  an  Island. 

The  situation  of  one  Gentleman  in  a  space  of 
35  Feet  by  16  F  and  18  Soldiers  or  Sailors  does 
not  appear  the  most  eligible  or  comfortable  as 
they  cannot  always  be  restrained  nor  wou'd  one 
wish  it :  the  experience  of  last  year  taught  us  to 
make  several  little  conveniences  particularly  a 
kind  of  seperate  Tiit  over  the  Magazine  in  the 
Stern  of  the  Boat.  This  space,  about  6  Feet  by 
5 — was  sufficient  to  contain  a  small  Table  & 
your  Baggage  &c  and  cou'd  be  kept  constantly 
cover'd  when  not  Rowing  against  the  IVind,  that 
being  necessary  the  Cover  was  removed  and  the 
necessary  Sticks  remain'd  bent  &  standing :  in 
Wet  weather  this  was  a  very  considerable  incon- 
venience. Soldiers  meet  with  many  and  temporary 
reliefs  are  all  he  can  hope  in  this  kind  of  War. 
When  at  an  Anchor  the  Men  &  Officer  put  up 
each  their  cover  and  except  one  Sentry  went  to 
rest.  The  Men  put  up 
two  lashed  Oars  at  each  \/       \f 

end    and     by     means  of  IRFW^WriSS^f 

a  Fifth  communicating  <i^B^HlLj-^  / ^ I "^J 
with  these  spread  the  ^^^^^=^=-  '  sk 
Sail  over    them,    which 

proved  a  sufficient  defence  against  most  Rains. 
The  rest  of  the  Fleet  were  now  Anchor  d  at 
Split    Rock   in  sight    of  this  Post  and  Six  Miles 


Lieut.  HadderCs  JournaU      ,      57 

from  it.     The  Maria  excepted,  she  remained  to 
bring  up  the  Generals. 

June  20th  Gen'l  Burgoyne  came  up  in  the 
Maria.  This  day  I  visited  a  detached  post  of 
the  light  Infantry,  two  Miles  up  the  River  at 
Galinels  Farm,  *^  this  is  situate  a;:  the  foot  of  a 
small  Water  Fally  where  a  great  number  of  small 
Salmon  were  caught.  ¥    The  River  is  not  above 


he.  Galinel'g  Farm  isi,  undoubtedly,  a 
corruption  of  Oilliland's  farm,  as 
William  Oilliland  not  only  owned  the 
farm  in  question,  but  also  a  large  tract 
of  land  embracing  that  immediate  section. 
He  was  born  in  Ireland  about  1734,  and 
received  a  liberal  education  at  the  literary 
institution  of  Armagh.  He  was  a  man 
of  cultivated  mind,  fine  person,  and 
polished  manners,  but  the  result  of  an 
unfortunate  love  affair  drove  him  to 
enlist  in  the  afmy.  After  his  discharge 
in  1758  he  emigrated  to  New  York 
where  he  achieved  mercantile  success  and 
married.  After  the  peace  of  1763  he 
bought  up  a  number  of  military  land 
claims  so  that  he  became  possessed  of  a 
domain  on  and  about  the  river  Boquet, 
having  a  front  on  Lake  Cham  plain  of 
mure  than  six  miles  and  ranging  from 
three  to  four  miles  in  the  interior.  There 
he  established  a  colony  similar  to  that  of 
Col.  Skene  at  Skenesborough.  He  was 
a  patriot  in  the  struggle  for  independence, 
and  Gen.  Carleton  offered  a  reward  of 
$500  for  his  apprehension.  He  incurred 
the  enmity  of  Benedict  Arnold  who  sought 
to  throw  a  cloud  upon  his  patriotism, 
but  in  vain,  though  the  attempt  caused 
Gilliland  no  little  inconvenience  and 
embarrassment.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution  he  was  rich  and  prosperous, 
but  the  war  destroyed  nis  mills,  houses 
and  crops,  and  drove  him  from  his  estates ; 
and  after  the  war  he  fell  into  pecuniary 

8 


decay,  and  died  in  Feb.,  1796,  in  reduced 
circumstances.  His  descendants  still 
survive,  and  some  of  his  grandchildren 
occupy  a  portion  of  the  original  estate. 
For  an  interesting  sketch  of  this  enter- 
prising pioneer  the  reader  is  referred  to 
Mr.  Winslow  C  Watson's  "  Pioneer 
History  of  the  Champlain  Valley  ;  being 
An  Account  of  the  Settlement  of  the 
Town  of  Willsborough  by  William  Gilli- 
land, together  with  his  Journal  and  other 
papers,  and  a  Memoir,  and  Historical  and 
Illustrative  Notes." 

bf.  "  The  early  settlers  of  the  valley  of 
Lake  Champlain,  found  the  streams  upon 
both  sidei  filled  with  salmon.  They  were 
very  large,  and  among  the  most  delicate 
and  luscious  of  all  fish.  At  that  period 
they  were  abundant  and  so  fearless  as  to 
be  taken  with  great  ease  and  in  immense 
quantities.  A  record  exists  of  five  hun- 
dred having  been  killed  in  the  Boquet  in 
one  afternoon,  and  as  late  as  1823  about 
fifteen  hundred  pounds  of  salmon  were 
taken  by  a  single  haul  of  a  seine,  near 
Port  Kendall.  They  have  been  occa- 
sionally found  within  the  last  twenty 
years,  in  some  of  the  most  rapid  streams, 
but  have  now  totally  disappeared.  The 
secluded  haunts  they  loved,  have  been  in- 
vaded ;  dams  have  impeded  their  wonted 
routes  ;  the  filth  of  occupied  streams  has 
disturbed  their  cleanly  habits,  or  the 
clangor  of  steamboats  and  machinery  has 


58  Lieut,  HadderCs  'JournaL 

150  yards  wide,  the  Troops  at  this  and  the  main 
post  of  this  Corps  on  the  edge  of  the  Lake, 
were  encamped  on  seperate  sides  of  the  Bouquet 
River.  I  did  not  learn  from  what  cause  this 
upper  Post  was  taken,  but  as  the  mouth  of  this 
River  is  sometimes  called  Bouquet  Ferry  possibly 
the  above  Farm  may  have  communication  with 
the  Country  &  a  Ferry  across  the  Lake  has  been 
formerly  kept  here.  %  The  soil  tho.  sandy  seems 
fertile.  It  may  not  be  improper  to  remark  that 
there  are  but  very  few  settlements  on  the  Lake 
(not  20)  and  those  only  single  Houses. 


alarmed  their  rears.  Each  of  these 
causes  is  assigned  as  a  circumstance  that 
has  deprived  the  country  of  an  important 
article  of  food  and  a  choice  luxury." 
[M.  2.,  351] 

bg.  Although  the  topography  of  Bur- 
goyne's  campaign  has  eng.iged  the  atten- 
tion of  many  writen  and  is  generally  so 
well  known,  yet  none  of  them  make 
any  mention  of  the  ferry,  alluded  to 
in  the  text.  The  only  reference  to 
it,  seen  by  the  editor,  is  contained 
in  "  The  Eliz^hethuiun  Post  and 
Ga-zttte"  for  December  4,  1879,  pub- 
lished in  Essex  county.  New  York,  for 
a  copy  of  which  we  are  indebted  to  Wins- 
low  C.  Watson,  Esq  Under  the  Wills- 
borough  news  in  that  paper  is  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  Thanksgiving  dinner  given 
at  Willsboro.  Point  by  Mrs.  Solomon 
Clark,  in  which  this  passage  occurs : 
"  Old  times,  and  new,  were  discussed 
in  a  way  to  put  the  current  historical 
accounts  of  the  Champlain  Valley  quite 
in  the  shade.  Experience  and  every  day 
life  through  a  period  of  eighty  years  or 
more,  Airnish  great  variety  of  incident, 
and  the  nanatives  of  the  afternoon  wo'd 


make  a  volume.  One  story  of  the  early 
settlement  of  Willsboro*  Point  arrested 
our  attention,  and  we  noted  the  facts 
with  a  good  deal  of  interest.  As  a  mat- 
ter of  course  exact  dates  were  wholly 
ignored  on  this  free  and  easy  occasion, 
but  it  appears  that  at  a  very  early  period 
a  man  named  Wilson  obtained  a  parent 
of  land  from  the  Crown  of  England,  and 
with  his  family,  consisting  of  a  wife  and 
three  children,  came  over  and  settled  on 
a  portion  of  the  land,  a  little  north  of 
Flat  Rock,  on  what  has  since  been 
known  as  the  Capt.  Landon  farm,  now 
occupied  by  David  Jones.  The  log 
cabin  stood  on  the  old  road  that  follows 
the  bends  of  the  lake  all  the  way  along, 
and  being  spliced  by  a  ferry  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Bouquet,  branched  off  toward  the 
Point,  closely  following  the  lake  shore 
on  the  east  side.  The  old  inhabitants 
all  remember  this  road,  traces  of  which 
are  still  visible."  Then  follows  an  ac- 
count of  the  Wilson  family  as  told  by 
'Grandpa  Clark,'  who  has  been  as- 
certained by  Mr.  Watson  to  be  Orrin 
Clark,  and  who  was  eighty-two  years  of 
age,  January  2,  1880. 


Lieut.  Haclden's  Journal.  ca 

Copy  of  Gen'l  Burgoyne's  Proclamation. 
^  By  John  Burgoyne  Esq'r ;  Lieut  Gen'l  of  His 
Majesties  Armies  in  America.  Col.  of  the  Queens 
Keg  t  ot  Lt.  Dragoons,  Governor  of  Fort  Wil- 
ham  ,n  North  Britain,  one  of  the  Representa- 
«ves  of  the  Commons  of  Great  Britain  in 
Parliament,    and    Commanding   an    Army    and 

&c  &c  &c°^       °"  ^"  ^""P^"^"'""  fr"""   Canada 

The  Forces  entrusted  to  my  command  are 
designed  to  act  in  concert,  and  upon  a  common 
principle,  with  the  numerous  Armies  and  Fleets 
which  already  display  in  every  quarter  of  Amer- 
ica, the  power,  the  justice,  and  when  properly 

whfchM  P^'-l^  f  "^"^  '^'"S-  The  cause  in 
which  the  British  Arms  are  thus  exerted  applies 

to  the  most  affecting  interests  of  the  human  heart  • 
^Zt  'h  "V'fy  Servants  of  the  Crown,  at  first' 
called  forth  for  the  sole  purpose  of  restoring  the 
rights  of  constitution,  now  combine  with  love  of 
their  Country,  and  duty  to  their  Sovereign,  the 
other  extensive  incitements  which  spring  from  a 
due  sense  of  the  general  privileges  of  Mankind. 

the  Public,  and  to  the  breasts  of  suffering  Thou- 
sands in  the  Provinces,  be  the  melancholy  appeal 
whether  the  present  unnatural  Rebellion  has  not 
been  made  a  foundation  for  the  completest  system 
of  Tyranny  that  ever  God  in  his  displeasure  suf- 


6o         Lieut,  Haddens  yournaL 

fer'd  for  a  time  to  be  exercised  over  a  froward 
and  e  ibborn  Generation.  Arbitrary  imprison- 
ment, :onfiscation  of  property,  persecution  and 
torture,  unprecedented  in  the  inquisitions  of  tlie 
Romish  Church  are  among  the  palpable  enormi- 
ties that  verify  the  affirmative.  These  are  in- 
flicted, (by  Assemblies  &  Committees  who  dare 
to  profess  themselves  friends  to  Liberty,)  upon 
the  most  quiet  Subjects,  without  distinction 
of  age  or  Sex,  for  the  sole  crime,  often  for  the 
sole  suspicion,  of  having  adhered  in  principle  to 
the  Government  under  which  they  were  born, 
and  to  which  by  every  tye  divine  and  human 
they  owe  allegiance.  To  consummate  these 
shocking  proceedings  the  profanation  of  Religion 
is  added  to  the  most  profligate  prostitution  of 
common  reason,  the  consciences  of  Men  are  set 
at  naught  and  multitudes  are  compelled  not  only 
to  bear  Arms,  but  also  to  swear  subjection  to  an 
usurpation  they  abhor.  Animated  by  these 
considerations  ;  at  the  head  of  Troops  in  full 
powers  of  health,  discipline,  and  Valour ;  deter- 
mined to  strike  where  necessary,  and  anxious  to 
spare  where  possible,  I  by  these  presents  invite 
and  exhort  all  persons,  in  all  places  where  the 
progress  of  this  Army  may  point  —  and  by  the 
blessing  of  God  I  will  extend  it  far  —  to  main- 
tain such  a  conduct  as  may  justify  me  in  protect- 
ing their  Lands,  habitations,  and  Families. 
The  intention   of  this   address  is   to  hold  forth 


Lteut.  Hadden"!  Journal.  f^i 

security   not   depredation   to  the   Country      To 
those  whom  spirrit  and  principle  may  induce  to 
partake  the  glorious    task    of   redeeming  their 
Coun  rymen   from  Dungeons,  and   reistablishing 
the  blessings  of  legal    Government  I  offer   en- 
couragement and    employment ;    and   upon    the 
iirst  intelligence  of  their  associations  I  will  find 
means  to  assist  their  undertakings.     The  domes- 
^^A     \  '"d"«"ous,  the  infirm,  and  even  the 
timid  inhabitants  I  am  desirous  to  protect  pro- 
vided they  remain  quietly  at  their  Houses,    that 
they    do    not    suffer  their    Cattle     to    be    re- 
moved, nor  their  Corn  or  forage  to  be  secreted  or 
destroyed,  that  they  do  not  break  up  their  Bridges  ■ 
or  Roads;   nor  by  any  other  acts  directly  or  in- 
directly endeavour  to  obstruct  the  operations  of 
the  Kings  Troops,  or  supply  or   assist  those  of 
the  hnemy. 

Every   species    of  Provision    brought   to    my 

r^sTid^'cii'r ''"' '"' "  =""  ^""^'^"'^  --  -^ 

In    consciousness   of  Christianity,    my  Royal 
Masters  clemency,  and  the  honor  of  Soldiership 
I  have  dwelt  upon  this  invitation,  and  wished  foi^ 
more  persuasive  terms  to  give  it  impression ;  and 

\V,l  PT  '  '"'  ^f  '°  '^'''^S^"^  "by  consider- 
ing their  distance  from  the  immediate  situation 

Indian    Forces    under    my   direction,    and    they 
amount  to  Thousands,  to  overtake  the  harden^ 


62  Lieut.  Hadden's  Journal 


Enemies  of  Great  Britain  and  America,  (I  con- 
sider them  the  same)  wherever  they  may  lurk. 
If  notwithstanding  these  endeavours,  and  sincere 
inclinations  to  effect  them,  the  phrenzy  of  hostility 
shou'd  remain,  I  trust  I  shall  stand  acquitted  in 
the  Eyes  of  God  &  Men  in  denouncing  and 
executing  the  vengeance  of  the  state  against  the 
wilful  outcasts.  The  messengers  of  justice  &  of 
wrath  await  them  in  the  Field,  and  devastation, 
famine,  and  every  concomitant  horror  that  a 
reluctant  but  indispensible  prosecution  of  Military 
duty  must  occasion,  will  bar  the  way  to  their 
return. 

By  order  of  his       (Signed)     John  Burgoyne, 

Excellency  the  Lt.  Gen'l 
(Signed)  Rob't  Kingston.  *^ 
Secretary. 

Camp  at  Bouquet  Ferry  June  20th,  1777. 


bk.  Robert  Kingston  entered  the 
British  army  as  an  ensign  in  the  nth 
Foot,  Sept.  3,  1756,  and  was  promoted 
to  a  lieutenancy  in  the  zd  Battalion  of 
that  regiment,  Jan.  26,  1758,  which 
battalion  was  re-numbered,  April  aist  oi 
that  year,  as  the  64th.  Aug.  8,  1759, 
he  exchanged  into  the  1 6th,  or  the 
Queen'*  Regiment  of  Light  Dragoons, 
then  commanded  by  Lieut. -Col.  John 
Burgoyne,  with  whom  he  served  in 
Portugal ;  and  April  27,  1 761,  he  became 
a  capuin,  and  July  15,  1768,  a  major  in 
that  corps.  He  exchanged,  in  1774. 
with  a  captain  on  the  half-pay  list  of  the 
1 1 2th  Foot;  but  two  year*  later  he  re- 
turned to  active  service,  and,   April   17, 


1776,  became  a  captain  of  Invalids  in 
Ireland.'  The  next  year  he  accompanied 
Burgoyne  to  Canada  as  his  deputy-ad- 
jutant-general',  and  he  became  a  lieut.- 
colonel  in  the  army,  Aug,  29,  1777.* 
As  Burgoyne's  chief  of  staff  he  occupied 
a  prominent  position  during  the  cam- 
paign, and  succeeded  Sir  Francis  Gierke, 
who  was  mortally  wounded  at  B  mus' 
Heights,  Oct.  7th,  as  secretary  of  the 
lieut. -general.^ 

When  Burgoyne  opened  the  negotia- 
tions with  Gates  that  eventuated  in  a 
surrender,  Lt.-Col.  Kingston  was  an 
active  instrumentality;  and  Gen.  Wil- 
kinson, in  his  Memoirs,  atfords  us  some 
interesting  details  of  the  British  adjutant- 


Lieut,  Hadderis  Journal,  63 


June  2 1  St  The  Gun  Boats  joined  the  rest  of 
the  Fleet  at  ^plit  Rock  (6  miles).  23d :  The 
Fleet  warpt  up  to  Otter  Creek  (3  miles)  on  the 


general.  "  At  the  hour  appointed,"  lays 
Wilkinson  "  I  repaired  to  the  advanced 
post,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Henry  Liv- 
ingston, of  the  upper  manor  on  the  Hud- 
son's river.  The  bridge  across  'he  Fish- 
kill  had  been  destroyed,  but  the  sleeper* 
remained.  We  did  not  wait  many 
minutes  before  the  chamade  was  beat  at 
the  advanced  guard  of  the  enemy,  and  an 
officer  descending  the  hill,  stepped  acroM 
the  creek  on  one  of  the  sleepers  of  the 
late  bridge ;  it  was  '  Major  Kinpton, 
with  a  message  from  Lieutenant-general 
Burguyne  to  Major-general  Gates.'  I 
named  to  him  *  Colonel  Wilkinson,  on 
the  part  of  General  Gates,  to  receive  the 
message.'  He  paused  a  moment,  pulled 
out  a  paper,  looked  at  it,  and  observed, 
'My  orders  direct  me  to  Major-general 
Gates'.  'It  is  to  save  time  and  trouble 
that  I  am  authorised  to  receive  the  mes- 
sage you  bear.'  He  then  took  General 
Gates's  note  to  General  Burgoyne  from 
his  pocket,  read  it,  and  said  'General 
Gates  has  agreed  to  receive  the  message, 
and  I  am  not  authorised  to  deliver  it  to 
any  other  person.'  'Well  then.  Sir,  you 
must  submit  to  be  hood-winked.*  He 
affected  to  start  at  the  proposition,  and 
objected,  on  the  ground  of  its  being  an 
indignity  :  I  could  but  smile  at  the  ex- 
pression, and  observed,  that '  I  had  under- 
stood there  was  nothing  more  common, 
than  to  blindfold  military  messengers, 
when  they  were  admitted  within  the 
walls  of  a  place,  or  the  guards  of  a 
camp.'  He  replied,  '  Well,  Sir,  I  will 
submit  to  it,  but  under  the  express  stipu- 
lation, that  no  indignity  is  intended  to 
the  British  arms.'  I  then  carefully  bound 
up  his  eyes  with  his  own  handkerchief; 
he  took  my  arm,  and  in  this  way  we 
walked  upwards  of  a  mile  to  headquarters. 
Major    Kingston  appeared   to   be   about 


forty ;  be  was  a  well  formed,  ruddy, 
handsome  man,  and  expatiated  with  taste 
and  eloquence  on  the  beautiful  scenery  of 
the  Hudson's  river,  and  the  charms  of 
the  season  :  when  I  introduced  him  into 
General  Gates 'stent,  and  named  him,  the 
gentlemen  saluted  each  other  familiarly, 
with  'General  Gates,  your  servant,* — 
'Ah  !  Kingston,  how  do  you  do  P'  and  a 
shake  of  the  hand.  Being  seated  a  few 
minutes,  he  arose  and  observed  he  had 
certain  communications  to  make  Major- 
general  Gates  from  Lieutenant-general 
Burgoyne,  and  tognard  against  inaccuracy 
of  memory,  be  bad  committed  them  to 
paper,  and  with  permission  would  read 
them.  The  General  consented,  and  the 
Major  took  from  hb  pocket  and  read. 
..."  So  soon  as  he  had  finished,  to  my 
utter  astonishment.  General  Gate«  put 
his  hand  to  his  side  pocket,  pulled  out  a 
paper,  and  presented  it  to  Kingston, 
observing  *Tktre,  Sir,  are  the  terms  on 
tohich  General  Burgtjne  must  surrender." 
The  Major  appeared  thunderstruck,  but 
read  the  paper,  wbiUt  the  old  chief  sur- 
veyed him  attentively  through  his  spec- 
tacles. Having  finished  the  perusal  of 
the  propositions  of  General  Gates,  Major 
Kingston  a|.peared  exceedingly  mortified, 
and  said  to  the  General,']  must  beg  leave 
to  decline  delivering  ibis  paper  to  Lieu- 
tenant-general Bnrgoyne,  because,  al- 
though I  cannot  presume  to  speak  for 
him,  I  think  the  propositions  it  contains 
cannot  be  submitted  to.'  The  General 
observed  that  be  might  be  mistaken,  and 
that  there  could  be  no  impropriety  in 
bis  delivering  them.  Kingston  requested 
they  might  be  sent  by  one  of  his  own  offi- 
cers, which  the  General  declined,  and  re- 
marked, Uhat  as  he  had  brought  the  met- 
uige,  he  ought  to  take  batk  the  ansiver  ;  * 
to  which  the  Major  reluctantly  consented, 


64  Lieut.  Hadden's  JournaL 

Western  Shore  of  the  Lake.  This  Creek  is  here 
about  100  y*ds  wide,  and  runs  up  the  Country 
more  than  a  hundred  &  fifty  Miles  towards  New 


took  lea*e  and  I  agaia  fiUetted  him,  and 
at  his  requeat  conducted  him  to  our  ad- 
Tanced  guard.  Very  difiirrent  was  his 
conversation  in  retuining,  be  complained 
of  General  Gates's  propoaitioiu,  to  which 
I  was  still  a  perfect  srraager  ;  talked  of 
the  pride  and  spirit  of  hit  army,  and 
called  mjr  recoUection  to  the  feats  per- 
formed by  tix  BritiiA  rtgiwKmn  at  ti* 
battle  of  Mimden.  I  Iclt  A>r  hb  chagrin, 
and  said  nothing  to  increase  it ;  and 
having  passed  him  bevood  our  guards,  I 
hastened  back  to  hcadijaarten,  filled  with 
uneasiness  by  the  coarse  which  General 
Gates  had  adopted.   .   .  . 

"  About  sun-set  the  same  day  it  was 
notified  to  me  that  a  flag  waited  at  the 
advanced  guard,  aad  I  proceeded  to  re- 
ceive it.  I  again  met  Major  Kingston, 
who  presented  another  message  from 
Lieutenant-general  Bnrgorne  to  Major- 
general  Gates,  accompanied  by  the  prop- 
ositions of  the  latter,  which  had  been 
transmitted  by  Major  Kingston,  and  the 
answers  of  the  former  annexed,  together 
with  the  preliminary  articles,  proposed  by 
General  Burgoyne,  which  were  substan- 
tially assented  to  by  General  Gates.3*' 

We  do  not  know  when  Lt.-Col  King- 
ston returned  to  England,  bat  June  3, 
1779,  he  testified  before  a  committee  of 
the  House  of  Commons  in  regard  to 
Burgoyne's  expedition.'  He  became  the 
lieut.-col.  of  the  86th  Foot,  Sept.  30th,  of 
that  year,  and  was  transferred  to  the  28th 
Oct.  13,  of  the  following  year.'  A  little 
later  he  was  Lieot.-Go«.  ot  Dcmerara, 
and  when  that  island  surrrndered  to  the 
French  expedition  under  Covnt  Kysaint 
Feb.  3,  1782,  he,  with  the  British  naval 
commander  at  that  place,  signed  the 
capitulation.  Lient.-Gov.  Kingston's 
proposals  for  terms  contained  the 
following    rather    singolar    proposition : 


"  VI.  The  Lieut.-Gov.  for  himself 
requires,  that  not  having  truops  with 
him,  he  may  be  considered  in  a  civil 
capacity,  and  at  liberty  tu  join  and  do 
duty  with  his  Britannic  Majesty's  28th 
Regt.,  ot  which  he  has  the  honor  to  be 
Lieut. -Col."  To  this  the  following 
answer  was  refjrned  :  '*  vi.  Lt.-Gov. 
Kingston  having  retired  himself  to  his 
Britannic  Majesty's  squadron,  firom 
whence  he  has  made  his  particular  pro- 
posals which  were  rejected,  I  cannot 
but  consider  him  in  a  military  capacity, 
jointly  with  the  commander  of  the  squad- 
rjn."< 

Lieut.-Col.  Kingston  became  a  colonel 
in  the  army  Nov.  20,  1781',  but  bis 
next  impoitant  service  was  in  a  quasi 
civil  capacity.  A  bill  was  introduced 
into  the  British  parliament,  and  passed 
without  opposition  in  June,  1783,  en- 
titled "  An  Act  appointing  Commis- 
sioners to  inquire  into  the  losses  and 
services  of  all  such  persons  who  have 
suffered  in  their  rights,  properties  and 
possessions  during  the  late  unhappy  dissen- 
sions in  America,  in  consequence  of  their 
loyality  to  his  Majesty  and  attachment  to 
the  British  Government."  The  com- 
missioners named  were  John  Wilmot, 
M.P.,  Daniel  Parker  Coke,  M.P.,  CoL 
Robert  Kingston,  Col.  Thomas  Dundas, 
and  John  Marsh,  who,  after  preliminary 
preparations,  began  their  inquiry  in  the 
first  week  of  Oct.,  1783,  and  proceeded 
with  short  intermissions  through  the  fol- 
lowing winter  and  spring.  The  time 
for  presenting  claims  was  first  limited  by 
the  Act  to  the  25th  of  March,  1784; 
but,  by  subsequent  acts,  the  powers  of  the 
commissioners  were  extended,  persons 
were  authorized  to  be  sent  to  America  to 
procure  information  in  regard  to  claims, 
and   the  time  for  presenting   claims  was 


Lieut,  HadderCs  journal.  65 

England.'""  Tuesday,  June  24th,  a  large  detach- 
ment of  Savages  and  Rangers  (i.  e.  British  Marks 
men)  were  sent  up  Otter  Creek  to  bring  in 
Forrage.  The  Fleet  proceeded  to  Crown  Point 
(about  20  miles)  where  we  came  to  an  Anchor. 
June  25th  Gen'l  Frazer  came  up  with  his 
Brigade,  and  encamp'd  at  Crown  Point.  I  re- 
ceived a  Letter  from  Bob  dated  Chatham  Barracks 
March  5th-77.  Thursday  June  26th  Gen'ls 
Burgoyne,  Phillips  &  Reidesil  came  up  with  the 
army,  and  we  received  the  following  order  Given 
out  at  Cummerland  Head  June  i8th  1777. 
General  disposition  of  the  Army.  The  advanced 
Corps  of  the  Army  under  the  Command  of  Brig'r 
Gen'l  Frazer  will  be  joined  by  the  Canadian 
Corps     of   Capt'ns     Monin  ^'i    &    Boucherville  ^^', 

extended  frt  m  time  to  time  until  1789,  whom  was  a  captain,  and  the  others  sub- 
on  May  15th  of  which  year  the  commis-  alterns.  Some  went  on  half-pay  at  the 
tioners  presented  their  twelfth  and  last  peace  of  1763,  and  the  officer  referred  to 
report;  and  Parliament  finally  disposed  of  in  the  text  was  probably  one  of  these, 
the  whole  matter  in  1790,  seven  years  but  which  one,  has  not  been  ascertained, 
after  its  commencement. s  Sanguiner,    in    his    Journal,    frequently 

Col.  Kingston  became  a  major  general  speaks   of  an   officer    of   this   name    in 

Oct.  12,  1793,  and  his   name  appears  in  referring    to    Montgomery's   invasion   of 

the   Army   Lists  for  ihc  lust  time  in  this  Canada,  and  calls  him  an  officer  of  dis- 

latter  year.'      [' B.   H.      '  F.  E.  77:   B.  tinction — "  officier   dt  distinction.'"     Ac- 

N.  72.       3M.  T.   299.       «  K.   K.  333,  cording   to    Sanguinet   this    officer   must 

SK.   U.  168-170  ]  have     been    well     skilled     in     irregular 

warfare,     for     he     was     dispatched      on 

hi.  Otter  Creek  is  on  the  eastern,  and  many    scouts    and      petty     expeditions. 

not  on  the  western  shore.  Oct.    9,    1775,   McKay,    referred  to  in 

the  text,  and  Monin,  with   20  Canadian 

bj.       There   were   at    least  three  offi-  Tolunteers,  were  dispatched  to  the  camp  of 

cers    of   the  name  of    Monin,  or    Mo-  Gen  Montgomery  to  take  some  prisoners, 

nins,    in  the  60th,  or    Royal    American  They  encountered  eight  Americans  with 

Reg't  of  Foot,  during  the  war  that  re-  whom  they  had    a  skirmish   ["  un  fctit 

suited  in  the  conquest  of  Canada,  one  of  ccmbat"']   in  which  some  of  the  Amer- 

bi.  Sec  Appendix  12. 


66  Lieut,  Haddens  Journal, 


Cap't  Frazer's  *^  detachment  and  a  body  of 
Savages.  The  German  Grenadiers  and  L't  In- 
fantry under  the  command  of  Lt  Col.  Brymen  *^'*, 
form  a  Corps  of  reserve,  and  the  Regiment  of 
Reidesil's  Dragoons  is  also  out  of  the  Line,  and 
for  the  present  will  be  employed  to  cover  head 


icans  were  wounded,  and  one  taken  pris- 
oner. On  the  29th  of  the  same  month 
a  similar  force,  under  the  same  leaders, 
likewise  pounced  upon  a  prisoner  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  American  camp.' 
Sir  Guy  Carleton  wrote  from  Quebec 
to  Gen.  Phillips,  under  date  of  Nov.  20, 
1776,  as  follows:  "  With  respect  to  Mr. 
Monin  you  may  let  him  knuw  that  he 
and  the  officers  who  served  under  him 
shall  be  paid  in  like  manner  according  to 
their  ranks,  as  the  officers  ot  the  English 
Troops.  If  Mr.  Monin  can  raise  a  corn- 
pleat  company  for  the  ensuing  campaign 
I  shall  approve  of  its  being  employed."' 
This  active  partizan  was  undoubtedly  the 
officer  of  that  name  that  accompanied 
Burgoyne  on  his  campaign  in  1777. 
['K.Y.,  69-75.     »F.  6,270,27,.] 

bl  See  Appendix  13. 

bm.  Lieut. -Colonel  Heinrich  Christoph 
Breymann  commanded  the  grenadier  bat- 
talion which  formed  a  part  of  the  German 
troops  sent  to  re-inforce  Gen.  Carleton  in 
the  spring  of  1776.  He  was  the  third 
ranking  officer  among  the  Brunswickers  ; 
and,  as  in  case  of  accident  to  Col.  Specht 
it  was  the  Duke  of  Brunswick's  orders 
that  he  should  assume  command  of 
Specht's  regiment,  it  is  presumed  that  he 
was  the  lieut.-colonel  of  the  Regiment 
Specht,  detached  to  the  command  of  a 
temporary  battalion  of  light  troops. 
Lieut.- Col.  Breymann  participated  in 
Burgoyne's  campaign,  on  which  he  com- 
manded the  German  light  brigade. 
He  was  ordered  to  the  relief  of  Baum  at 


Bennington,  and  much  adverse  criticism 
has  been  made  upon  his  tardy  advance 
whereby  it  is  asserted  Baum  was  sacri- 
ficed. Breymann's  own  report  upon  the 
matter  is  to  be  found  at  page  256  0/  vol. 
I.  of  Max  Von  Eelking's  Memoirs,  Jour- 
nals  and  Letters  of  Majc:  General  Ried- 
esel  and  of  it  Gen.  Burgoy  >.',  under  date 
of  Aug.  25,  1777,  wrote  to  Gen.  Ried- 
esel,  as  follows  :  "  I  have  had  the  honor 
of  receiving  your  three  letters,  and  have 
thoroughly  considered  the  leport  of 
Colonel  Breymann,  Nothing  can  be 
said  against  the  troops  in  regard  to 
bravery.  It  is  certain  that  the  march  of 
Mr.  Breymann  was  very  slow.  It  would 
have  been  better  if  he  had  left  his  artillery 
behind  to  follow  after  him  under  an 
escort,  than  to  have  delayed  re-enforcing 
the  troops."  After  Baum's  defeat  Brey- 
mann was  attacked  and  repulied  with 
heavy  loss,  but  managed  to  withdraw 
under  cover  of  approaching  darkness, 
himself  being  wounded. 

In  the  affair  at  Bemus'  Heights,  Oct. 
7,  1777,  Bieyniann  was  assaulted  by 
Benedict  Arnold  and  the  former  was 
killed  and  the  latter  severely  wounded. 
Max  Von  Eelking,  after  referring  to  the 
attack  on  Burgoyne's  great  redoubt,  says  : 
"Another  b<'dy  at  the  same  time  attacked 
the  embankments  of  Breymann's  division 
in  front  and  on  the  left  flank.  The 
grenadiers  comprising  this  corps,  fought 
bravely,  but  being  only  two  hundred 
strong,  and  their  commander — the  chiv- 
alric  Breymann — being  shot  dead,  they 
were  compelled  to  retreat.  This  latter 
misfortune  was   owing   to  fact   tjat 


Lieut.  Hadden's  JournaL  67 

Quarters.  The  Provincial  Corps  of  Peters,  ^^  & 
Jessop  ^^  are  also  out  of  the  Line.  The  Recruits 
of  the  33d  and  other  Regiments  under  Lieut. 
Nutt,  are  for  the  present  to  serve  on  board  the 
Fleet.     The  Line  upon  the  next  movement  will 


the  Can  idian  companies,  belonging  to  the 
reconnuitering  expedition,  were  absent 
from  their  place,  by  the  side  of  this 
corps,  part  of  them  being  in  the  great 
redoubt,  and  the  others  not  having  re- 
turned to  their  position.  Had  they  been 
in  their  places,  it  would  have  been  im- 
possible to  surround  the  left  Hank  of 
Breymann."  [  K.  M.,  26,  63,  165, 
251,  256,  272  :   K..  N.,  266.] 

bn.  See  Appendix  14. 

bo.  Dr.  A.  W.  Holden,  in  his  valua- 
ble History  of  the  Town  of  Queensbury, 
in  the  state  o(  New  Vork,  thus  refers 
to  the  Jessup  brothers,  one  of  whom  is 
mentioned  in  the  text,  and  both  of  whom 
were  on  Burgoyne's  expedition.  "  At 
the  outbreak  of  the  revolution,"  '.v rites 
the  Doctor,  "there  was  probably  no 
where  in  this  vicinity  a  stronger  tory  nest 
than  that  existing  across  the  west  moun- 
tain, some  ten  miles  distant  from  Queens 
jury  settlement,  under  the  favor  and 
encouragement  of  the  brothers,  Ebenezer 
and  Edward  Jessup,  sharp,  enterprising 
and  apparently  unscrupulous  business 
men,  who  had,  from  time  to  time,  secured 
the  grant  of  various  patents  of  land  not 
only  within  tlie  limits  of  the  present  town 
of  Luzerne,  but  also  the  extensive  tracts 
known  is  the  Hyde  township  and  Totten 
and  Crosstield's  purchase,  which  em- 
braced the  greater  portion  of  the  north- 
ern p.irt  ijf  Warren,  as  well  as  part  of 
Essex  and  Hamilton  counties.  It  has 
•j'readv  been  shown  that  they  held  title 
to  b  Is  in  the  town  of  Queensbury,  and 
that  lumber  had  been  sawed  for  them  at 
an  early  date  at  tae    J^ueensbury    mills. 


The  private  accounts  of  Abraham  Wing 
als3  exhibit  charges  against  them  for 
entertainment  of  a  verv  liberal  and 
generous  character,  at  Wing's  tavern. 
Somewhere  about  the  year  1770,  Ebene- 
zer removed  to  this  then  wilderness 
region,  and  built  him  a  spacious  log 
dwelling  on  the  farm  now  occupied  by 
Thurlow  Leavins,  and  on  the  brook  near 
by,  erected  a  saw  and  grist  mill.  From 
him,  the  cataract  a  few  miles  below  on 
the  Hudson  derived  the  commonly  re- 
ceived name  of  Jessup's  falls.  There, 
until  after  the  commencement  of  the 
revolutionary  war  he  maintained  a  state 
and  style  of  living  which  bespoke  opu- 
lence, taste,  culture,  and  familiarity  with 
the  elegancies  and  customs  of  the  best 
provincial  society.  If  tradition  is  tOybe 
credited,  his  commodious  and  comforta- 
ble dwelling,  however  rude  may  have 
been  its  exterior,  was  the  frequent  theatre 
of  hospitable  entertainments,  its  rooms 
garnished  with  elegant  furaituie,  its 
walls  embellished  with  costly  paintings  and 
choice  engravings,  its  capacious  tables 
arrayed  in  spotless  linen  and  imported 
covers,  and  loaded  with  massive  silver 
plate.  All  of  this,  with  the  many  costly 
fittings  and  adjuncts  of  such  a  house  was 
at  a  later  date  plundered  and  carried 
away. 

"Edward  Jessup,  whose  patent  included 
and  covered  the  site  of  the  present  vil- 
lage of  Luzerne  also  erected  at  this  point 
a  dwelling  and  mills,  the  first  in  the 
vicinity.  The  picturesque  rapids  and  fall, 
which  has  altogether  a  descent  of  eigh- 
teen or  twenty  feet,  hence  derived  the 
name  of  Jessup's  little  falls.  .  .  The 
Jessup  brothers  owned  a  ferry  across  the 


68  Lieut.  Hadden's  journal. 

encamp  in   order   of  Battle  as   follows,  and  will 
continue  the  same  order,  (viz) — 


Lef'  Wing.  Germans 

lit  Brigade  zd  Brigade 

Reg'ts  of           1  Reg'ts  of                     ] 

Rheitz  .1           (  I.    Prince  Frederick  ( 

Specht  .1           j  and                           j 

Reidesil  3.        J  ^.   Hanau                   J 

under 

B.  G'l   Specht.  Br'r  Gen'l  Coll. 


Riglit  Wing, 
ad  Brigade 

Reg'ts 

20th  I. 

21st    2. 

62d    ■?. 


British 
1st  Brigade 


fReg'ti 
I       9th- 


53d 


I. 

2. 


B.  G.  Powel. 


I  47th  3. 

B.  G.  Kamilton. 


If  it  becomes  necessary  to  form  two  Lines,  the 
second  Line  is  to  be  formed  by  the  2d  Brigade 
British  doubling  on  the  1st,  and  the  2d  Brigade 


Hudson  above  the  Hi^h  falls,  and  the 
name  of  Jessup's  landing  on  the  Corinth 
side  of  the  river  is  perpetuated  to  this 
day."  After  referring  to  divers  other 
prominent  Tory  families  in  the  same 
vicinity,  Dr.  Holden  proceeds  as  follows  : 
'*  According  to  the  tradition,  in  the 
month  of  April  or  May,  1777,  Indian 
runners  were  despatched  to  these  families, 
notifying  them  of  Burgoyne's  intended 
approach,  and  probably  with  some  sug- 
gestions in  regard  to  their  cooperation 
with  certain  bands  of  tories  gathering  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  Saratoga  district. 
However  this  may  be,  notice  of  their  in- 
tentions was  received,  and  a  party  of 
Whigs  were  despa  ched  in  pursuit,  the 
latter  coming  from  the  direction  of 
Ballston.  So  hot  was  the  chase,  that  it 
is  said  one  of  the  Jessupsonly  secured  his 
•escape  by  jumping  across  the  river  at 
the  Little  Falls.  From  thence  he  escaped 
across  the  town  of  J2"eenibury  to  Skenes- 
borough,  at  the  head  oi  Lake  Champlain, 
and  eventually  found  his  way  to  Bur- 
goyne's camp  at  Willsborough  falls. 
After  Gates  had  assumed  command  of 
the  army,  he  sent  Lieut.  Ellis  with  a 
party  of  men  to  arrest  the  Jessups  and 
other  fories  in  that  vicinity,  but  finding 
them  gone   he,    in    pursuance  of  orders, 


destroyed  the  settlement,  laid  waste  their 
grain  fields  and  left  nothing  standing  of 
their  improvements  but  the  mills.  It  is 
believed  that  these  were  afterwards  de- 
stroyed. The  houses  had  already  been 
pillaged,  and  everything  of  value  carried 
away  " 

Dr.  Holden  asserts  that  Ebenezer  was 
the  Major  Jessup  that  had  a  command  in 
Burgoyne's  army,  and  that  Edward  must 
be  the  one  referred  to  as  fleeing  from  the 
Whig  party  in  April  or  May,  1777,  as  at 
that  time  Ebenrzer  was  in  Canada  with 
his  command.  The  above  is,  substantially, 
all  that  we  have  iicen  able  to  find  in  print 
in  regard  to  the  Jessups,  no  mention  of 
them  occurring  in  Sabine's  *'  Loyalists 
of  the  American  Revolution;"  and 
even  Dr.  Holden  has  confused  the  two 
brothers  somewhit.  Both  brothers  fled 
to  Canada  in  1776,  and  as  they  were 
led  by  Gov.  Tryon,  of  New  York,  to 
believe  that  they  would  have  important 
commands,  their  presence  in  Canada 
caused  Sir  Guy  Carleton  no  little  per- 
plexity as  shown  by  letters  written  by 
him  and  others  at  that  period,  and  which 
throw  light  upon  the  movements  of  the 
Jessups  and  the  formation  of  provincial 
corps  in  Canada.  These  letters  tell  their 
own    story  so  authoritatively    chat     they 


Lieut.  Hadden's  JournaL  69 


of  Germans  doubling  in  the  same  manner  on 
their  ist.  Gen'l  Orders.  Ligonier  Bay  June  20th. 
Lt.  Gen'l  Burgoyne  takes  the  occasion  of  the 
Army  assembling  to  express  publickly  the  high 
opinion  he  entertains  of  the  Troops  which  his 
Majesty  has  been  graciously  pleas'd  to  intrust  to 
his  Command,  they  cou'd  not  be  selected  more 
to  his  satisfaction  ;  and  the  Lieut'n  General  trusts 
it  will  be  received  as  one   mark  of  his  attention 


are  given  at  length,  and  are  as   follows  : 

"Sir  Guy   Carleton  to  Mr.  Jessup. 
"  Head  Quarters  at  Quebec, 

l()th  No-vembcr,  1 776. 

"Sir:  I  am  commanded  to  acquaint 
you  that  Sir  Guy  Carleton  has  received 
your  letter  of  the  1  5th  Instant  and  will 
in  a  few  days  answer  it  fully  ;  in  the 
meantime  His  Excellency  desires  you 
will  send  him  a  list  of  the  persons  who 
accompany  you,  and  the  particulars  of 
the  information  which  you  mention  to 
have  given  relative  to  the  operations  of 
General  Howe's  army  &c.,  General 
Phillips  not  having  transmitted  them. 

"  I  am  &c. 
"  To  Mr.  Jetsup" 

"Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Maj.  Gen. 
Phillips. 

"  Head  Quarters  at  Quebec, 

*'  29M  No-vemhcr,  1776. 

"  Sir  :  The  plan  approved  by  Gov. 
Tyron  as  Mr.  Jessop  reports  seems  to 
me  very  judicious ;  it  is  to  be  wished 
this  Gentleman  and  his  followers  had  re- 
mained at  their  own  homes  till  it  re- 
mained practicable ;  it  cannot  now  take 
place  before  next  sun.mer;  in  the  mean- 
time I  should  recommend  it  to  them 
to  join  Sir  John  Johnson's  regi- 
ment and  enclosed  is  an  order  for  Major 
Grey  to  take  them  under  his  command, 


to  pay  three  of  those  destined  by  Gov. 
Tryon  to  be  officers  as  Captains,  half  the 
remainder  as  Lieutenants,  the  other  half 
as  Ensigns,  three  of  the  remainder  as 
Serjeants,  three  as  Corporals,  and  the 
rest  as  privates. 

"  Mr.  Jessop  will  declare  upon  his 
honour  who  are  destined  as  officers  and 
rank  them  according  to  merit.  Major 
Grey  will  pay  them  at  that  rate  from  the 
day  they  joined  the  King's  forces,  and 
may  either  doath  them  as  the  Royal 
Reg't  of  New  York,  or  buy  them  tome 
cheap  uniform  cloathing  to  keep  them 
from  the  severity  of  the  weather  as  you 
shall  be  pleased  to  direct. 

"This  is  not  intended  to  interfere  with 
any  project  of  Mr.  Tryon's  to  advance 
them  higher  but  merely  as  an  asylum, 
till  they  can  do  better  for  themselves  ; 
they  will  then  be  at  liberty  both  men 
and  officers,  if,  on  reflection  they  do  not 
think  it  more  advisable  to  be  incorporated 
with  that  corps." 

"  Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Mr.  Eben. 
Jessop. 

"  Head  Quarters,  Quebec, 

"  1st  December,  1776. 
"Sir:  I  have  it  in  command  to  ac- 
quaint you  that  His  Excellency,  the 
Com'd'r  in  Chief,  has  been  pleased  to 
make  provision  for  the  present  for  your 
party,   after   a   manner  :he  particulars  of 


70  Lieut.  Haddens  JournaL 

to  their  glory  and  welfare,  that  with  the 
promise  of  every  encouragement  the  Service  will 
allow,  He  declares  a  determination,  and  he  calls 
on  every  officer  to  assist  him  to  maintain  a  steady, 
uniform  system  of  subordination  and  obedience. 
The  following  standing  regulations  are  laid  down 
to  prevent  the  necessity  of  lengthening  the  daily 
orders,  and  are  to  be  invariably  observed. 

Officers  of  all  Ranks  commanding   Posts,  and 
Detachments,   are  constantly  to   Fortify  in   the 


which  will  be  communicated  to  you  by 
Maj.  Gen.  Phillips  whom  you  will  accord- 
ingly apply  to  for  that  purpose. 

"I  am  likewise  to  signify  to  you  that 
Mr.  Jones  is  to  be  paid  as  a  Surgeon's 
Mate  " 

•'  Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Major  Grey. 
"  Heap  ([Quarters,  2"^bec, 

"  i«t  Dec.^  ^11^- 

"Sir:  His  Excellency,  the  Com'd'r 
in  Chief,  having  made  provision,  the 
particulars  of  which  have  been  com- 
municated to  Maj,  Gen.  Phillips,  for  the 
party  of  the  inhabitants  of  New  York 
who  have  joined  the  King's  corps  under 
the  conduct  of  the  Messrs.  Jessops,  I  am 
commanded  to  acquaint  you  that  upon 
the  said  parties  joining  your  reg't  you  are 
to  receive  them  under  your  command,  to 
victual  them  in  like  manner  as  the  troops 
and  pay  them  as  officers,  non-commis- 
sioned officers  and  privates  according  to 
a  list  which  shall  be  delivered  to  you  by 
Mr.  Ebenezer  Jessop,  approved  by  M.ij 
Gen.   Phillips." 

"  Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Maj.  Gen. 
Phillips. 

*'  Head  Quarters,  Quebec, 
"  1 2th  Ciicember,  1 776. 
"Sir;  I  have   rec'd    your  four  letteii 
of  the  7th  of  this  month. 


'-It  is  my  intention  that  the  Messrs. 
Jessops  should  be  two  of  the  three  Cap- 
taint  I  have  mentioned,  if  they  chuse  to 
accept  of  it,  as  a  provision  for  them  in 
their  present  situation  ;  if  they  do  not 
the  number  of  Captains  will  be  so  much 
the  less. 

"  I  cannot  enter  into  Mr.  Tryon's 
designs  with  regard  to  these  gentlemen, 
nor  can  I  form  Battalions  of  officers  upon 
every  application,  especially  where  the 
appearance  of  men  for  them  is  so  little. 
If  hereafter  from  a  concourse  of  people 
to  join  the  army  I  should  find  that  it 
may  be  of  use  for  His  Majesty's  service 
to  form  corps  of  them  it  will  be  time 
enough  to  consider  then  of  the  proper 
persons  to  set  at  their  head,  but  at  present 
I  cannot  alter  the  regulations  I  have 
made  and  tignitaed  to  you  above  and  by 
my  letters  of  29th  Nov'r.  Mr.  Adams 
I  think,  may  be  satisfied  with  the  rank 
and  allowance  of  a  Lieutenant.'' 

"Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Maj.  Gen. 
Phillips. 

"  Head  Quarters,  Quebec, 

"  23d  March,  1777. 
*'  Sir  :  .  .  I  have  upon  several 
occations  acquainted  you  that  neither  the 
Jessup's  party  nor  any  of  the  others  taking 
refuge  with  the  army  belong  to  the  Corps 
of    Sir   John    Johi.ston,     but    are    only 


Lieut.  Hadden's  JournaL  Ji 


best  manner  the  circumstances  of  the  place,  and 
the  implements  at  hand  will  permit ;  Felling 
Trees  with  their  points  outwards,  Barracading 
Churches  and  Houses  ;  Brest  works  of  earth  and 
Timber  are  generally  to  be  effected  in  a  short 
time,  and  the  Science  of  Engineering  is  not 
necessary  to  find  and  apply  such  resources.  The 
practice  of  Fortifying  which  is  very  useful  in  all 


attached  to  it  in  order  to  be  under  the 
care  of  Major  Gray ;  the  paying  there- 
fore Atherton  and  Smith  as  officers  can 
have  no  relation  to  that  reg't,  and  I  gave 
Major  Gray  directions  again  when  I  was 
in  Montreal  to  account  with  them  for 
their  allowance." 

"  Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Maj  Gen. 
Phillips. 

''Head  Quarters,  Quebec, 
"3d  April,  1777. 

"Sir:  .  .  I  know  no  such  thing 
as  Jessup's  Corps,  mentioned  by  Major 
Gray,  nor  did  I  direct  that  Adams'  party 
should  be  compelled  to  join  Mr.  Jessup's 
and  his  followers  ;  they  are  at  liberty  to 
follow  what  plan  of  life  they  please  except 
that  they  must  be  obliged  to  continue  in 
a  fixed  residence,  and  not  move  from  it 
but  by  permission  from  you  or  Major 
Gray,  as  it  is  improper  for  many  reasons 
that  they  should  straggle  about  the 
country.  I  have  given  full  directions 
about  all  these  people  in  my  former 
letters  to  which  I  must  refer  you." ' 

By  an  "  Abstract  of  Subsistence  claimed 
by  the  several  Corps  of  Loyalists  for  the 
Campaign  1777,  under  Lieut. -Gen'l 
Burgoyne,  and  likewise  private  claims 
for  provisions  furnished  to  his  army  as 
adjudged  by  a  Board  of  Officers  assem- 
bled at  St.  John's  in  February,  1781," 
£1028  131.  8^(/.,  were  allowed  "  to 
Eben'zr  Jetsup,  Esq.,  Sub'ce  for  the  Corpi 
under  his  command."  * 


It  is  not  quite  easy  to  get  at  Burgoyne's 
real  opinion  of  the  provincial  corps  under 
him.  In  writing  to  Lord  George  Ger- 
main from  Skenesborough  under  date  of 
July  II,  1777,  when  everything  had 
gone  well  with  him,  Burgoyne  says  : — 
"  Mr.  Peters  and  Mr.  Jessup,  who  came 
over  to  Canada  last  autumn,  and  pro- 
posed to  raise  battalions,  one  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Albany,  the  other  from 
Charlotte  county,  are  confident  of  success 
as  the  army  advances.  Their  battalions 
are  now  in  embryo,  but  very  promising  j 
they  have  fought,  and  with  spirit.  Sir 
Guy  Carleton  has  given  me  blank  com- 
missions for  the  officers,  to  fill  up  occa- 
sionally, and  the  agreement  with  them 
is,  that  the  commissions  are  not  to  be 
so  effective,  till  two-thirds  of  the  bat- 
talions are  raised.  Some  hundreds  of 
men,  a  third  part  of  them  with  arms, 
have  joined  me  since  I  have  penetrated 
this  place,  professing  themselves  loyalists, 
and  wishing  to  serve,  some  to  the  end  of 
the  war,  some  for  the  campaign.  Though 
I  am  without  instructions  upon  this  sub- 
ject, I  have  not  hesitated  to  receive  them, 
and  as  fast  as  companies  can  be  formed,  I 
shall  post  the  officers  till  a  decision  can  be 
made  upon  the  measure  by  my  superiori. 
I  mean  to  employ  them  particularly  upon 
detachments,  fur  keeping  the  country  in 
awe,  and  procuring  cattle,  their  real  use 
I  expect  will  be  great  in  the  preservation 
of  the  national  troops  :  but  the  impression 
which  will  be  caused  upon  public  opinion, 


72  Lieut,  Hadderi^s  Journal. 

Services  is  particularly  so  in  this,  where  the  enemy 
infinitely  inferior  to  the  Kings  Troops  in  open 
space,  and  hardy  combat,  is  well  fitted  by  dis- 
position and  practice,  for  the  stratagems  and  en- 
terprizes  of  little  War ;  and  neither  the  distance 
of  Camps,  nor  the  interference  of  Forrests  and 
Rivers,  are  to  be  looked  upon  as  security  against 
his  attempts;  upon  the  same  principle  must  be  a 
constant  rule,  in  or  near  Woods  to  place  advanced 


should  provincials  be  seen  acting  vigor- 
ously in  the  cause  of  the  King,  will  be 
yet  nnore  advantageous,  and,  1  trust,  fully 
justify  the  exp€nce."3  When  reviewing 
the  evidence  taken  by  the  House  of 
Commons  in  1779,  after  having  been 
embittered  by  defeat,  Burgoyne  says : — 
"The  Provincial  Corps,  of  which  I  had 
two  in  embryo,  and  several  detached 
parties,  were  yet  a  heavier  t«x  upon  time 
and  patience.  They  were  composed  of 
professed  Loyalists,  many  of  whom  had 
taken  refuge  in  Canada  the  preceding 
winter,  and  others  had  joined  as  we 
advanced.  The  various  interests  which 
intiuenced  their  actions  rendered  all 
arrangement  of  them  impracticable.  One 
man's  views  went  to  the  profit  which  he 
was  to  enjoy  when  his  corps  should  be 
complete;  another's,  to  the  protection  of 
the  district  \n  which  he  resided  ;  a  third 
was  wholly  intent  upon  revenge  against 
his  personal  enemies  ;  and  all  of  them 
were  repugnant  even  to  an  idea  of 
subordination.  Hence  the  settlement 
who  should  ict  as  a  private  man,  and 
who  as  an  officer,  or  in  whose  corps 
either  $h(>uld  be,  was  seldom  satis- 
factorily made  among  themselves ;  and 
as  surely  as  it  failed,  succeeded  a  refer- 
ence to  the  Commander  in  Chief,  which 
could  not  be  put  by,  or  delegated  to 
another    hand,    without    dissatisfaction, 


encrease  of  confusion,  and  generally  a 
loss  of  such  services  as  they  were  really 
fit  for,  -viz.  searching  for  cattle,  ascertain- 
ing the  practicability  of  routes,  clearing 
roads,  and  guiding  detachments  or  columns 
upon  the  march." 

In  a  note  he  adds, — "  I  would  not  be 
understood  to  infer,  that  none  of  the 
Provincials  with  me  were  sincere  in  their 
loyalty  ;  perhaps  many  were  so.  A  few 
were  of  distinguished  bravery.  .  .  I 
only  maintain  that  the  interests  and  the 
passions  of  the  revolted  Americans  con- 
center in  the  cause  of  the  Congress;  and 
those  of  the  Loyalists  break  and  sub- 
divide into  various  pursuits,  with  which 
the  cause  of  the  King  has  little  or 
nothing  to  do."  * 

The  loyalist  corps  that  served  under 
Burgoyne,  seem  to  have  led  a  precarious 
existence  after  their  return  to  Canada, 
as  we  find  a  warrant  evidently  antedated 
i)uebec,  July  19,  1779,  issued  by  order 
of  Gen.  Haldimand  for  the  payment  of 
£163481.  lod.  ster'g,  "being  the  allow- 
ance made  for  the  present  relief  of  several 
Corps  of  Royalists  belonging  to  Gen. 
Burgoyne's  Army,  and  sundry  other 
persons  who  have  taken  refuge  in  this 
province  from  the  Rebellious  Colonies  be- 
tween the  25th  June  and  24th  August, 
1779,  inclusive."  The  "Subsistence 
Return    for    Royalists    commanded     by 


Lieut.  Hadden*s  yournal,  73 


Gentries,  where  they  may  have  a  Tree  or  some 
other  defence  to  prevent  their  being  taken  off 
by  single  Marksmen.  Together  with  these  pre- 
cautions, Officers  will  ever  bear  in  mind,  how 
much  the  publick  honor  &  their  own  are  con- 
cerned in  maintaining  a  Post,  and  that  to  justify 
a  retreat,  in  the  present  War  the  numbers  of  the 
Enemy  must  (be)  superior  to  that  which  wou'd 
make  their  justification,  when  acting  against  Brave 


Capt.  McAlpine,"  on  which  the  above 
warrant  was  issued,  shows  that  the  money 
was  for  the  following  parties,  as  the 
Return  denominated  them — 


men 

"  Capt.   Daniel  McAlpine 

78 

Mr.  Jessups 

98 

Mr.  Peteis 

61 

Part  of  Capt'n  Leake's 

30 

"      Mr.  Adams's 

34 

Those  not  attached  to  parties 

36 

337" 

Of  these  Capt.  McAlpine,  Eben'zr 
Jessup,  Edward  Jessup,  John  Peters,  and 
Justus  Sherwood,  the  latter  being  in 
Peters's  party,  as  well  as  some  others, 
each  received  £30.5 

Later  on,  in  1779,  Gen.  Haldimand 
determined  to  reorganize  these  loyalist 
corps,  if  possible,  as  shown  by  his  letter 
to  Lord  George  Germaine,  dated  Quebec, 
Nov.  i»t,  1779,  ^"'^  which  is  as  follows  : 

"Mv  Lord:  I  have  the  honor  to 
represent  to  your  Lordship  that  several 
Gentlemen  amongst  whom  are  Capt. 
McAlpin  (formerly  a  Capt'n  in  the  60th 
Reg't),  Mr.  Leake  (son  of  the  late 
Commissary  General),  Messrs.  Peters  and 
Jessup,  having  in  consequence  of  Gov. 
Tryon's  Proclamation  raised  corps,  with 
whom  they  joined  Gen.  Burgoyne's  Army, 
but    having   been    by  his   misfortune  dis- 

10 


persed,  they  took  refuge  in  this  Province, 
with  part  of  their  men,  and  made  appli- 
cation to  me  to  have  their  corps  re-estab- 
lished and  put  upon  the  same  footing 
with  the  Provincial  Corps  that  have 
joined  the  Southern  Army,  but  the 
difficulty  I  found  in  procuring  men  for 
the  Royal  Emigrants,  and  Sir  John 
Johnson's  Corps,  and  fearing  tliat  raising 
others  might  interfere  with  their  success, 
I  from  time  to  time  put  them  off.  Find- 
ing these  Reg'ts  have  not  benefitted  by 
my  design  and  seeing  that  the  Trial  may 
be  made  without  much  Expense  to  Gov- 
ernment (these  Gentlemen  with  a  number 
of  other  Refugees  Loyalists,  being  indis- 
pensably supported  at  the  public  expense) 
and  that  such  Curps  once  raised  would  be 
useful,  particularly  as  they  will  be  re- 
cruited upon  the  Frontiers  of  Hampshire, 
and  give  an  influence  towards  Vermont 
and  that  neighb(jrhood,  I  have  thought 
it  expedient  to  make  the  attempt  and 
shall  begin  with  Two  Battalions. 

"  I  shall  not  give  the  officers  commis- 
sions until  their  men  are  raised,  and  in 
proportion  to  tlieir  success,  I  shall  enlarge 
the  Flan,  trusting  I  shall  be  fortunate  to 
obtain  the  King's  approbation  of  what  I 
do  for  the  best,  and  that  I  shall  be 
enabled  to  fulfil  the  expectations  of  these 
Gentlemen  by  putting  them  upon  the 
footing  with  the  other  Provincials  serving 
with  the  Army.    As  soon  as  the  Winter 


74  Lieut.  Hadden's  JournaL 


and  disciplined  Forces  ;  The  Officers  will  take  all 
proper  opportunities  to  inculcate  in  the  Men's 
minds  a  reliance  on  the  Bayonet;  Men  of  their 
bodily  strength  and  even  a  Coward  may  be  their 
match  in  Firing;  But  the  Bayonet  in  the  hands 
of  the  Valiant  is  irrisistable.  The  Enemy  con- 
vinced of  this  will  place  their  whole  dependence 
in  Intrenchments  and  Rifle  Pieces ;  It  will  be 
our  glory,  and  our  preservation  to  Storm  when 
possible. 

The  attention  of  every  officer  in  action  is  to 
be  employed  in  his  Men  ;  to  make  use  of-a  Fusil 
except  in  very  extraordinary  occasions  of  im- 
mediate personal  defence,  wou'd  betray  an  igno- 


sets  in  I  shall  permit  them  to  send  out 
people  and  to  employ  their  Friends  upon 
the  Frontiers  in  raising  men  and  shall 
give  them  every  assistance  in  my  power 
to  effect  their  purpose 

*'  I  shall  at  the  same  time  set  about 
raising  some  companies  ot  Canadians  .  . 
and  shall  need  arms  for  the  purpose."* 

How  rapidly  success  attended  this  en- 
terprise we  do  not  know,  save  that  we 
find  a  list  of  "  Officers  in  a  Corps  of 
Royalists  to  be  Commanded  by  Major 
Edward  Jessup,"  whose  commissions  bore 
date  in  November,  1781,  Major  Jessup's 
being  dated  Nov.  12th.  This  corps  was 
called  rhe  Loyal,  or  Royal  Rangers,  and 
its  list  of  officers  likewise  contains  Pen- 
sion and  Invalid  Lists,  which  latter  list 
la  as  follows  : 

"Lieut.  Col.  Jessup  as  Cap- 
tain 17th  Not.,  1781 

..■n      .  I  Gilbert   Sharp    as    Lieut. 

••  Pensioners. -{  ...        ^    „ 

I       23d  Nov.,  178 1 

I  Edward    Jessup,    Ensign, 

[      24th  Nov.,  1781  "' 


[■ 


Edward  Jessup  must  likewise  have 
commanded  a  corps  in  1780,  as  in  the 
"Return  of  the  killed  and  wounded  of 
the  detachment  under  the  command  of 
Major  Carleton,  the  nth  of  October, 
1780,"  in  the  Northern  Invasion  of 
New  York  in  that  year,  we  find  re- 
ported in  "Major  Jeisup's  corps  i  private 
wounded  "  ^ 

Both  Ebenezer  and  Edward  Jessup 
were  included  in  the  New  York  Act  of 
Attainder,  all  their  property  being  con- 
fiscated. 

Ebenezer  probably  settled  in  Canada 
at  the  end  of  the  war,  and  Edward  un- 
doubtedly did,  as,  in  the  ^ebcc  Gazette 
for  Jan.  13,  1791,  in  a  list  of  civil  pro- 
motions we  find  the  name  of  Edward 
Jessup,  Esq.,  as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
the  District  of  Montreal.  [»  F  B.  266, 
279,  28a,  283,298,391,  401.  •?. 
G.  94.  3  B.  N.  App.  20.  ■♦  B.  N, 
102.  5  F.  F.  150,  152,  154.  *  F. 
H.  266.  'F.  E.  180,  181  :  F.  M. 
81.     8G.K.  136.1 


Lieut,  Hadden's  yournaU  75 

ranee  of  his  inr  portance,  and  of  his  duty.  No 
occasion  can  make  it  necessary  to  keep  the  Arms 
loaded  in  the  Bell  Tents, '''/'  nor  are  the  Battalions 
of  the  Line  ever  to  be  loaded  upon  the  March 
'till  very  near  the  time  when  they  may  be  ex- 
pected to  engage.  No  parties  are  to  go  from 
Camp  with  or  without  arms  without  a  propor- 
tionable number  of  officers  Not  only  discipline 
and  honor  but  also  the  safety  of  the  Troops 
require  the  strictest  prohibition  from  straggling 
and  plundering,  and  the  Savages  and  Provost 
will  have  orders  to  punish  offenders  in  these 
respects  instantly,  and  with  the  utmost  rigour. 
The  Camp  will  always  be  extended  as  widely  as 
the  ground  will  admit  for  the  sake  of  cleanliness 
and  health,  but  as  it  must  often  happen  that  the 
extent  will  be  insufficient  for  the  Line  to  form 
in  the  front  of  the  encampment  according  to  the 
present  established  rule  of  open  Files^  and  two 
deep.  The  Quarter  Master  General  will  there- 
fore mark  at  every  new  Camp  a  portion  of 
ground  each  Battalion  is  to  clear,  over  and  above 
its  own  front  in  order  to  make  the  work  equal ;  to 
clear  this  ground  must  be  the  immediate  business 
after  arriving  in  Camp,  and  in  this  Country  it 
may  often  be  necessary  to  have  an  alarm  post  H 

bp.   Bells   of    Arms,    or     Bell   Tents,  in    front.      [G.  N.] 
were  a  kind    of  tents    in   the    ihape    of 

a  cone,   where  the  company's  arms  were  hq.     Alarm  post,  in  the  field,  was  the 

lodged  in  the  field.     They  were  giinerally  ground   appointed    by  the  quarter-master 

painted    with    the    color    of  the    facing  general  for  each    regiment  to   march  to, 

of  the  regiment,    and    the    king's  arms  in  case  of  an  alarm.      [G.  N.] 


76  Lieut.  HaddetCs  yournaL 

clear'd  in  the  Rear  as  well  as  in  the  Front.  By 
clearing  is  meant  removing  such  obstructions  as 
might  prevent  the  ready  forming  of  the  Troops 
to  receive,  or  advance  upon  the  Enemy.  It  is 
not  necessary  to  cut  the  large  Trees  for  that 
purpose,  except  where  they  may  afford  shelter 
for  the  Enemy.  Quarter  Guards  ''^  are  always 
to  face  outwards  and  at  the  distance  of  a  hundred 
yards  from  the  Bells  of  Arms,  and  to  have  a 
flech^^  of  earth  or  Timber  thrown  up  before 
them.  When  the  encampment  of  the  Line  is 
with  the  front  to  the  water,  and  too  near  to  admit 
of  this  Regulation,  the  Quarter  Guards  are  to  be 
Posted  in  the  Rear,  and  of  the  Flank  Regiments 
occasionaly  on  the  Flanks.  Tho'  the  ground 
will  seldom  admit  of  strict  regularity  in  pitching 
Tents  they  are  never  to  be  placed  so  as  to  in- 
terfere with  the  Line  of  defence.  All  Deserters 
from  the  Enemy,  suspected  Spies,  or  other 
persons,  piesenting  themselves  at  the  out  Posts, 
or  otherwise  stopp'd,  are  to  be  sent  forthwith  to 
head  Quarters  without  questioning  them.  In 
all  duties  by  Detachment  the  Corps  will  furnish 
according  to  their  effective  strength.     When  the 

hr.     Advanced    or    quarter-guards  are  each    battalion,  at    222   feet    before   the 

soldiers    entrusted  with    the  guard  of  a  front  of  the  regimpnt.      f  G.  N.] 
post,  under  the  command  of  onr  or  more 

officers.     This  word,  quarcer-guard,  also  hi.     Fleche,   in  field  fortification,  is  a 

signifies    the    place    where    the     guard  work  of  two   faces,  usually  raised  in  the 

mounts.     It  was  also  sometimes  used   to  field,  to    cover    the    quarter-guards  of  a 

d;«ignate  a  small  guard  commanded   by  a  camp  or  advanced  post.      [G.  N.] 
subaltern   officer,  posted    in  the  front  of 


Lieut,  HadderCs  yournaL  77 

Lieut't  General  visits  an  outpost,  the  men  are 
not  to  stand  to  their  Arms  or  pay  him  any  com- 
pliment. The  Articles  of  War  which  regard 
the  Men  are  to  be  read  at  the  head  of  every 
Regiment  tomorrow  evening  at  the  Parade,  and 
afterwards  these  Regulations.  The  daily  duties 
will  be  as  follows,  One  Brigadier  General  for  the 
day,  who  will  visit  the  out  posts  and  have  a 
general  inspection  over  the  Camp,  all  reports  are 
to  be  made  thro'  him,  except  when  any  alarm 
or  exigency  require  instant  notice  to  the  Com'r 
in  Chief. 

A  Major  of  Brigade  for  the  day,  who  is  to 
parade  all  Guards,   Detachments  &c. 

The  Picquet  when    the  last  Brigade    arrives, 
will  consist  of  one  Field  officer  for  each   Wing, 

Sub'rn        Serg't        Corp'l 

one  Captain  from  each  Brigade,  i  1  1 
and  25  Privates  from  each  Regiment,  a  Drum- 
mer to  be  furnished  by  the  Regiment  that  gives 
the  Captain.  The  whole  Picquet  to  assemble 
half  an  hour  before  Gun  Firing  at  the  Centre  of 
the  Line,  and  to  be  exercised  in  marching  and 
charging  Bayonets,  under  the  inspection  of  the 
Brigadier  of  the  Day,  in  order  that  the  British 
and  German  Troops  may  acquire  an  uniformity 
of  pace  and  motion  when  acting  together  in 
Line.  Half  the  picquet  is  always  to  lye  posted 
during  the  Night  at  some  distance  from  the 
Camp  and  at  such  places  as  may  be  exposed  to 


78  Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL 


the  secret  approach  of  the  Enemy.     It  will  be 
the  care  of  the  Brigadier  of  the  day  to  post  them. 

Finis. 

Thursday  June  ye  26th  upon  the  arrival  of 
the  rest  of  the  Army  Gen'l  Frazer's  Corps  moved 
towards  Tyconderoga  and  landing  at  Putnams 
Creek,  7  miles  higher  up  on  the  Western  side 
were  joined  by  the  Savages  &c  v/ho  went  up 
Otter  Creek  and  made  this  Tour  under  Captain 
Frazer,  nothing  of  consequence  occurr'd  during 
their  expedition.  I  was  this  day  order'd  on  Shore 
with   Cap't  Borthwick's  *'  Company   and  4 — 6 


bt.  William  Borthwick  was  connected 
with  the  Royal  Artillery  for  more  than  50 
yean.  He  entered  the  Royal  Military 
Academy  at  Woolwich  as  a  gentleman 
cadet,  Feb.  i,  1756,  and  was  coromis- 
lioned  as  a  lieut.-fireworker  in  the  Royal 
Artillery,  April  i,  1756,  a  ad  lieut., 
April  2, 1757,  a  ist  lieut.,  Sept.  10, 1759, 
a  capt.-lieutenant  in  the  4th  Battalion. 
Dec.  7,  1763,  and  a  captain  in  the  3d  Bat- 
talion, Jan.  29,1773,  his  being  No.  8  Com- 
pany, 3d  Battalion,  now  "  D  "  Battery, 
4th  Brigade.     He  served   in  Canada   in 

1776,  and  on    Burgoyne's  expedition  in 

1777,  on  which,  however,  he  saw  little 
service,  as  he  with  a  portion  of  his  company 
formed  part  of  the  garrison  of  Ticonderoga, 
while  Burgoyne  with  the  bulk  of  his  army 
moved  down  the  Hudson.  In  Nov., 
1777,  after  Burgoyne's  surrender,  the 
garrison  of  Ticonderoga  abandoned  the 
fort  and  returned  to  Canada,  where 
Capt.  Borthwick  served  during  the  re- 
mainder of  the  American  war.  The 
only  other  notice  of  this  officer,  during 
that  war,  found  by  us,  is  in  an  order 
issued    (com    headquarters   at   Montreal, 


Aug.  24,  1778,  wherein  he,  with  60 
men  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  was  directed  to 
march  forthwith  from  Quebec  and  take 
up  quarters  at  Sorel.  Capt.  Borthwick 
became  a  major  in  the  artillery,  Dec.  i, 
1782,  lieut.-colonel  March  16,  1791, 
colonel  Oct.  20,  1794,  and  colonel-com- 
mandant Nov.  12,  1800,  his  successor 
having  been  appointed  Oct.  14,  1801. 
He  was  made  a  major-general  Jan.  i, 
1798,  and  a  lieut. -general  Jan.  i,  1805. 
He  died  at  Greenwich,  in  Kent,  Eng- 
land, June  27,  1808,  aged  76  years. 

This  officer  must  not  be  confounded 
with  another  of  the  same  name  in  the 
Royal  Artillery,  who  entered  at  Wool- 
wich, as  a  gentleman  cadet,  Oct.  22, 
1772,  became  a  2d  lieut.  in  the  Royal 
Artillery  March  26th,  1777,3  ist  lieut , 
Nov.  II,  1779,  a  capt.-lieutenant  March 
24,  1791,  a  captain  Oct.  20,  1794,  a 
major  in  the  army,  Jan.  i,  i798,amajor 
in  the  artillery.  Sept  12,  1803,  a  lieut.- 
colonel  in  the  army  Sept.  25,  1803, 
a  lieut.-colonel  in  the  artillery  July  20, 
1804,  a  colonel  therein  April  30,  1809, 
and  a  major-general  Jan   1,1812.     This 


Lieut,  HaddetCs  Journal.  79 


Pounders  to  join  the  Right  Wing  of  the  Army 
at  Crown  Point.  Two  Medium  12  P'rs  were 
landed  and  Posted  on  the  Right  Flank  of  the 
Army,  as  also  Two  in  the  Center  of  the  Right 
Wing.  Capt.  Pauch  *"  of  the  Hessian  Artillery 
was  sent  with  his  own  Company  and  Four  6 
Pounders  to  join  the  Germans,  now  encamped 
on  Windmill  Point.  Two  Gun  Boats  were  order *d 
round  to  South  Bay  to  secure  the  Right  of  the 
Army  and  Capt.  Mitchelson  (R.  Ar'y)  *^  with 
Ten  others  proceeded  after  Gen'l  Frazer,  the 
Vessels  destined  for  his  protection  being  de- 
tained at  Crown  Point  by  contrary  winds. 


Utter  officer  commanded  the  artillery  at 
Ciudad  Rodrigo  in  i8i2,  where  he  was 
wounded,  and  for  his  services  received  a 
medal.  [B.  H  :  G.  U  :  C.  Z  :  D.  A  : 
F.  E.  108.] 

bu.  Capt.  Pausch,  who  commanded 
the  Hanau  artillery  with  Burgoyne,  was 
at  the  battle  of  Bennington  where  he 
lost  two  guns.  He  was  included  in  the 
Saratoga  Convention  and  signed  the 
Cambridge  parole. 

b-v,  Walter  Mitchelson  entered  the 
Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  as 
a  gentleman  cadet,  Sept.  a,  1756.  He 
became  a  lieut. -fireworker  in  the  itt 
Battalion  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  June  8, 
1757  ;  a  id  lieut.,  Aug.  i;,  1760;  a  itt 
Heut.  in  the  id  Battalion,  May  13,  1764 ; 
and  a  captain-lieutenant,  Jan.  i,  1771, 
that  being  the  highest  rank  to  which  he 
attained.  He  was  quarter-master  of  the 
lit  Battalion  of  the  Royal  Regiment  of 
Artillery, March  8, 1776,  and  so  continued 
until  his  death.  He  doubtless  went  to 
Canada  with  the  artillery  detachment  in 


the  spring  of  1776;  at  all  events  he  wai 
in  Canada  at  that  time,  and  the  next 
year  took  part  in  Burgoyne's  expedition. 
Kane  in  his  Artillery  i^ist,  says  he  died 
in  North  America,  Sept.  7,  1777. 
Lieut.  Hadden,  writing  in  his  Journal 
under  date  of  Sept.  17,  1777,  giving  the 
artillery  arrangements  for  the  march  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Hudson,  states  that 
Capt.  Mitchelson  commanded  the  right 
brigade  of  the  Park  of  Artillery  under 
Capt.  Carter,  and  gives  the  composition 
of  his  brigade.  This,  however,  by  no 
means  proves  that  he  was  then  with  his 
brigade,  as  the  order  was  doubtless  de- 
termined on  before,  and  this  was  the 
propoud  disposition.  Though  he  had 
been  sick,  yet  if  expected  to  join  hit 
command  shortly,  the  order  would  not 
necessarily  have  been  changed,  and  had 
he  been  left  behind  on  the  march  sick, 
he  might  have  died  several  days  before 
the  news  would  have  reached  an  ad- 
vancing column.  Hii  name  appears  for 
the  last  time  in  the  Army  Lists  in  1777. 
[B.  H  :  G.  U  :  R.  Z.] 


8o  Lieut,  Hodden's  jfournaL 

June  28th  Gen*l  Orders.     Signals, 

Two  Guns,  the  whole  to  form  in  front  of  the 
encampment  leaving  their  Tents  standing :  Four 
Guns,  the  Mens  Tents,  Provisions,  and  Ammu- 
nition to  be  put  in  the  Batteaux's,  the  Officers'  to 
be  left  in  charge  of  a  Guard  and  brought  up 
afterwards,  the  number  of  Batteaux's  allotted  in 
this  case,  is,  to  each  Battalion  British  17 :  to 
each  German  Battalion  22  the  rest  are  to  bring 
up  the  Officers*  Tents  and  Baggage.  These  are 
standing  orders  during  the  Campaign. 

N.  B.  Each  Batteaux  was  calculated  originaly 
to  carry  from  25  to  30  Men. 

The  following  list  of  Intrenching  Tools  were 
attached  to  Capt.  Borthwick's  &  Pauche's 
Brigades,  [viz.J 


Spades 

No 
80 

Each  Wcigbiog 

6  lbs. 

Total  Wei(ht,lbi. 
480 

Shovels 

20 

8 

160 

Felling  Axe's 

50 

8 

400 

Pick-Axe's 

60 

7 

420 

Hoes 

20 

7 

140 

Hand  Bills 

25 

2 

50 

Hand  Hatch'ts 

25 

2 

50 

Hand  Barrows 

5 

18 

90 

Wheel  Barrows 

H 

40 

560 

Sand  Baggs 

180 

IS 

150 

Gen'l  Orders.     Any  Tools  that  the  Regiments 
may  want  for  clearing  their  Camps  &c  will  be 


Lieut,  Hodden's  JournaL  81 

deliver'd  them  on  proper  application  and  receipt, 
and  so  soon  as  done  with  are  to  be  returned  to 
the  Artillery. 

June  30th  B.  G'l  Frazer's  Brigade  moved 
forward,  and  disembarked  on  a  point  of  Land  on 
the  Western  Shore  Three  Miles  from  Tycon- 
deroga  from  which  circumstance  'tis  called  Three 
Mile  Point,  The  Army  Received  Provisions  to 
the  8th  July  inclusive. 

G.  O.  The  Army  embarks  tomorrow,  to  ap- 
proach the  Enemy.  We  are  to  contend  for  the 
King,  and  the  constitution  of  Great  Britain,  to 
vindicate  Law,  and  to  relieve  the  oppressed — a 
cause  in  which  his  Majesty's  Troops  and  those  of 
the  Princes  his  Allies,  will  feel  equal  excitement. 
The  Services  required  of  this  particular  expedition, 
are  critical  and  conspicuous.  During  our  progress 
occasions  may  occur,  in  which,  nor  difficulty, 
nor  labour  nor  Life,  are  to  be  regarded.  This 
Army  must  not  Retreat.  The  General  ^^  to  beat 
tomorrow  in  place  of  the  Revalley  at  the  dawn 

bv).     Major  James,    in    his    Military  Tat-ito  or  laf-too,  to  order  all  to  retire 

Dictiunary,  in  speaking  of  the  drum  calls  to  their  quarters. 

during  the    period  of  our    Revolutionary  The  rexftil/i,  always   beats  at   break  of 

war,  says ;  day,  and  is   to  warn  the   soldiers  to  rite, 

"  The    various    beats   are    as  follows,  and  the  sentinels  to  forbear  challenging, 

viz. :  and  to  give  leave  to  come  out  of  quarters. 

Tie  general,  is  to    give    notice    to  the  To  arms,  for  soldiers  who  arc  dispersed, 

troops  that  they  are  to  march.  to  repair  to  them. 

to  order  the  troops   to  Tie  retreat,  a  signal  to  draw  off  from 

Tie  attembly,     repair   to  the    place  of  the  enemy.     It  likewise  means  a  beat  in 

The  irMf,          rendezvous,  or  to  their  both   camp  and   garrison   a  little    before 

J  colors.  tun-set,  at  which  time  the  gates  are  shut, 

The  march,  to  command  them  to  move,  and  the  soldiers  repair  to  their  barracks, 

always  with  the  left  foot  first.  The  alarm,  is  to  give  notice  of  sudden 

II 


82  Lieut,  HadderCs  jfournaL 


of  Day,  the  Assembly  to  beat  an  hour  afterwards 
at  which  time  the  whole  will  embark.  A  Field 
Officer  with  loo  British,  and  loo  Germans  to 
remain  at  Chimney  Point  to  take  charge  of  the 
provisions  &  Stores  at  that  place.  The  Wings 
are  to  take  up  their  new  encampment  in  Two 
Lines.  So  soon  as  the  Regiments  are  encamp'd 
a  working  party  of  20  Men  and  a  Subaltern  from 
each  will  parade  in  front  of  their  respective 
Regiments. 

Tuesday.  July  \st  This  day  the  Army  em- 
barked, the  weather  being  fine  and  the  River,  in 
general  about  a  Mile  wide  between  Crown 
Point  and  Tyconderoga,  was  in  a  manner  cover'd 
with  Boats  or  Batteaux's  ;  some  of  the  Armed 
Vessels  accompanied  us,  the  Music  and  Drums 
of  the  different  Regiments  were  continually 
playing  and  contributed  to  make  the  Scene  and 
passage  extremely  pleasant.  The  British  Troops 
disembarked  on  the  Eastern  or  Tyconderoga  *« 
side  about  Four  Miles  Short  of  it;  and  the 
Germans  on  the  Western  or  Mount  Indepen- 
dence side.  Except  Col.  Brymen's  Corps  attached 
to  Geni  Frazer  as  a  reserve,  and  Reidesil's 
Dragoons  to  cover  Head  Quarters  remained  with 
the  British  Troops. 


danger,  that  all  may   be  in  readineii  for         bx.     This  is  an  error.     Ticonderoga 

immediate  duty.  is  on  the  west  side,  and  Lieut.  Hadden's 

The  farley,     1  is  a  signal   to    demand  map  so  delineates  it,  and  Mount  Inde- 

>  some  conference   with  pendence   is  on   the  east  side  of  Lake 

TAe  ihamade, )  the  enemy."  Champlain. 


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Lieut,  Haciden's  Journal,  83 

Position  of  the  Army.  Gen'l  Frazier  con- 
tinued in  his  post  at  Three  Mile  Point.  The 
British  and  Germans  encamped  on  the  opposite 
shores  about  i  J  or  2  Miles  below.  The  Troops 
were  employed  in  clearing  the  Front  of  their 
encampments  and  cutting  Roads  of  communica- 
tion between  the  different  Brigades. 

July  2d  Maj'r  Gen'l  Phillips,  taking  command 
of  Brig'r  Gen'l  Frazers  Corps,  and  one  British 
Brigade  advanced  to  a  Hill  called  Mount  Hope 
about  1400  y'ds  from  the  Enemies  Works,  and 
gained  possession  of  it  without  opposition. 
Owing  to  a  mistake  I  was  all  last  Night  em- 
ployed in  Landing  the  Guns  &  Stores.  One  of 
the  men  stumbled  over  the  small  stumps  in  the 
new  clcar'd  Road  &  broke  three  of  his  Ribs :  I 
remark  this  to  shew  the  necessity  of  cutting  the 
small  Bushes  very  close  to  the  ground  where 
men  are  to  pass  and  repass  in  the  Night  time. 

July  2nd  The  Savages  getting  drunk  advanced 
too  near  the  Enemies  Lines,  in  the  Evening. 
This  folly  terminated  in  an  Officer  being  sent 
to  bring  them  off,  in  doing  which  he  was 
wounded :  *y  One  Savage  Killed  &  another 
Wounded. 

July  3rd  The  L't  Artillery  of  the  Brigades 
advanced  and  join'd  them  at  Mount  Hope,  In 

by.     The  officer  wounded  July  ad,  re-     ton,  53d  regiment.     [G.  X.  174.] 
ferred  to  in  the  text,  was  Lieut.  Haugh- 


84  Lieut,  HadderCs  Journal, 

doing  which  the  Enemy  fired  on  us  from  their 
Batteries,  (thro,  openings  in  the  Woods  on  the 
Road)  and  one  Man  was  Killed  :  They  also  Bred 
upon  our  new  encampment  which  was  on  that 
account  retired  a  little. 

July  4th  The  Artificers  were  employed  in 
repairing  the  Bridge  at  the  Saw  Mills  burnt  by 
the  Enemy,  and  making  a  Road  to  the  top  of  a 
high  Mountain  called  Sugar  Loaf  HiU.  This 
height  commands  both  Mount  Independence^  and 
Tyconderoga — The  former  at  the  distance  of  1600 
Yards,  and  the  latter  at  1400. 

July  5th  Two  Medium  12  Pounders  were 
landed  and  taken  up  Sugar  Loaf  Hilly  and  a 
working  party  of  400  Men,  order'd  from  the 
Right  Wing  in  order  to  erect  a  Battery  the  next 
evening.  About  the  middle  of  this  day,  two  of 
our  Gun  Boats  were  order'd  to  proceed  towards 
the  Enemies  Works  'till  fired  upon,  in  order  to 
form  a  judgement  of  the  number  of  Guns  bearing 
on  the  Water.  It  was  found  impracticable  to 
force  their  Boom  with  our  Shipping.  B.  Gen'i 
Hamilton's  Brigade  moved  to  Three  Mile  Point, 
and  it  was  determined  for  the  Germans  to  move 
across  the  Creeii  in  their  Front  and  cut  oflF  a 
retreat  towards  Huberton,  as  also  to  prevent  any 
supplies  being  thrown  in  from  that  Quarter. 
During  this  night  the  Rebels  about  3  or  4 
Thousand  in  number    abandon'd  their  Works  at 


Lieut.  HadderCs  Journal,  85 

Tyconderoga  and  Mount  Independence  leaving 
behind  them  all  the  Guns,  Stores,  and  Provisions, 
except  300  Barrels  of  Powder  on  board  one  of 
their  Vessels  ;  a  large  Detachment  of  them  pro- 
ceeded towards  Huberton  and  the  rest  embarking 
on  board  their  Vessels,  and  Batteaux's  proceeded 
towards  Skeensborough. 

July  6th  At  daybreak  this  Morning  the 
retreat  of  the  Enemy  was  discover'd,  and  B. 
Gen'l  Frazer,  with  about  8  or  900  of  his  own 
Corps  (leaving  the  rest  with  the  Tents  Batteaux's 
&c  &c)  pursued  them  towards  Huberton,  leaving 
his  Artillery  which  the  Road  was  not  capable  of 
receiving. 

About  8  o'clock  in  the  morning  the  Fleet 
being  in  readiness,  and  the  Troops  embarked, 
proceeded  (thro,  a  passage  between  the  Piles  in 
the  Enemies  Boom)  towards  Skeensborough. 

About  2  o'clock,  B.  G'l  Frazer  came  up  with 
the  party  he  pursued,  who  having  been  joined 
by  some  reinforcements  intended  for  the  Garri- 
son, considerably  out  number'd  him,  and  the 
affair  was  at  least  doubtful  the  Enemy  having 
nearly  turned  his  Flank,  when  a  Detachment 
under  Maj'r  Gen'l  Reidesil  (The  Chasseurs  & 
Jagers)  sent  as  a  support  very  fortunately  came  up, 
and  checking  this  attempt  of  the  Enemy  they 
immediately  gave  way  on  all  sides.  Col.  Francis  *« 

h».  Ebeaezer  Francit  came  from  «n  ren  of  Ebenezer  Francii,  by  bit  wife« 
old  Musachutettt  family.  He  wj*  the  Rachel  Whitmore,  the  widow  of  Ebene- 
eldest  ton  and  the  fifth  of  the  nine  child-      cer  Tuftt ;  and    wai   born  in    Medford, 


86  Lieut,  Hadden's  JournaL 


who  commanded  with  200  others  were  killed, 
about  as  many  wounded  and  taken  Prisoners. 
This  Detachment  being  fatigued  and  having  their 
wounded  to  take  care  of,  who  were  dispersed  in 
the  Woods,  took  post  here,  and  no  farther 
pursuit    was   attempted    by    that   Route.      The 


Dec.  xz,  1743'  He  lived  in  Medford 
4«riiif  bu  minority  and  wai  very  diii- 
geat  ia  tlh;  pars'iir  of  knowledge.  He 
■M>Tcd  to  Beverly,  and,  in  1766  married 
Ja4ith  Wor^L  by  wbom  he  had  one  son 
aad  fear  daughters.  He  was  com- 
as captain  July  I,  1775;  ^^^ 
:  colonel  of  a  regiment  raised  for  the 
dcfeace  of  Boston  July  28,  1776;  and 
was  stationed  on  Dorchester  Heights 
■nnl  December  of  that  year.'  The  Con- 
dneatal  Congress  on  Sept.  16,  1776, 
aotborueed  the  raising  of  88  battalions  to 
aerre  during  the  war,  1 5  of  which  were 
wsignird  to  Massachusetts,  and  Col. 
Frauds  was  appointed  to  one  of  them.' 
Each  state  appointed  the  officers  for  its 
own  quota,  and  Col.  Francis's  letter  to 
Jamci  Bowdoin,  in  acknowledgment  of 
bk  appointment,  will  give  us  a  little 
gi'wp*^  of  the  man. 

"  Dorchester, 
**  November  ye  28M,  1776 

**  Hoiiooi:ABLC  SiR :  Permit  me  to 
le^iiest  of  you  the  favour  of  returning 
the  honourable  Board  my  most  hearty 
tkanki  fur  the  honour  done  me  in  ap- 
foissting  me  Colonel  of  one  of  the  new 
icgjments  now  raising  for  the  defence  of 
these  States.  It  will  ever  be  my  greatest 
flofidtade  to  honor  the  station  in  which 
dbejr  ate  pleased  to  place  me,  and  hope  I 
■laj  be  to  happy  as  to  do  real  service  to 
my  coantry. 

**  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  with  great 
atrrm,  your  most  humble  servant 

"Ebkn'r  Francis. 
••  T»  the  Hmeurable  the  Pretident  of  the 
Council  Board  3'* 


The  nth  Massachusetts,  under  Col. 
Francis,  proceeded  to  Ticond^roga,  in 
Jan.,  1777,  and  when  that  fort  was 
evacuated  the  following  July  upon  the 
approach  of  the  British  under  Burgoyne, 
Col.  Francis,  with  his  regiment,  formed 
a  part  of  the  rear  ^uard  under  Col.  Seth 
Warner,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Hubbardton,  July  7,  1777.  His  chap- 
lain says  "  No  officer  so  noticed  for  his 
military  accomplishments  and  regular  life 
as  he  was.  His  conduct  in  the  field  is 
spoken  of  in  the  highest  terms  of  praise."' 
The  British  Ensign  Anburey,  who 
participated  in  the  action,  gives  us  some 
interesting  items  in  regard  to  Col.  Fran- 
cis. "  After  the  action  was  over,"  says, 
Anburey,  *<  and  all  firing  had  ceased  for 
near  two  hours,  upon  the  summit  of  the 
mountain  I  have  already  described,  which 
had  no  ground  any  where  that  could 
command  it,  a  number  of  officers  were 
collected  to  read  the  papers  taken  out 
of  the  pocket  book  of  Colonel  Francis, 
when  Captain  Shrimpton,  of  the  6ad 
regiment,  who  had  the  papers  in  his 
hand,  jumped  up  and  frll,  exclaiming, 
'he  was  severely  wounded* ;  we  all  heard 
the  ball  whiz  by  us,  and  turning  to  the 
place  from  whence  the  report  came,  saw 
the  smoke  :  as  there  was  every  reason  to 
imagine  the  piece  was  fired  from  some 
tree,  a  party  of  men  were  instantly  de- 
tached, but  could  find  no  person,  the 
fellow,  no  ajubt,  as  soon  as  he  had  fired, 
had  slipt  down  and  made  his  escape."'* 

The  same  officer,  when  a  piisoner 
in  New  England,  under  date  o(  May  10, 
1778,  relates  this  interesting  incident. — 


Lieut,  H add  en's  Journal,  87 

Troops  British  and  German  behaved  well  on  this 
occasion,  unfortunately  we  gained  nothing  but 
honor,  and  the  immediate  movements  of  the 
Army  were  incumber'd  or  rather  prevented,  it 
being  absolutely  necessary  to  detain  this  Detach- 


"  A  few  days  lince,  walking  out  with 
tome  officers,  we  stopped  at  a  house  to 
purchase  vegetables,  whilst  the  other  offi- 
cers were  bargaining  with  the  woman  of 
the  house,  I  observed  an  elderly  woman 
sitting  by  the  fire,  who  was  continually 
eyeing  us,  and  every  now  and  then 
shedding  a  tear.  Just  as  we  were  quit- 
ting the  house  she  got  up,  and  bursting 
into  tears,  said,  'Gentlemen,  will  you  let 
a  poor  distracted  woman  speak  a  word  to 
you  before  you  go  ?'  We.  as  you  must 
naturally  imagine,  were  all  astonished, 
and  upon  enquiring  what  she  wanted, 
with  the  most  poignant  grief  and  sobbing 
as  if  her  heart  was  on  thi-  point  of  break- 
ing, asked  if  any  of  us  knew  her  son, 
who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Huber- 
ton,  a  Colonel  Francis.  Several  of  us 
informed  her,  that  we  had  seen  him 
after  he  was  dead.  She  then  enquired 
about  his  pocket-book,  and  if  any  of  his 
papers  were  sate,  as  some  related  to  his 
estates,  and  if  a.iy  of  the  soldiers  had  got 
his  watch ;  if  she  could  but  obtain 
that  in  remembrance  of  her  dear,  dear, 
son,  she  should  be  happy.  Captain  Fer- 
guson, of  uur  regiment,  who  was  of  the 
party,  told  her,  as  to  the  Colonel's  papers 
and  pocket-book,  he  was  fearful  they 
were  either  lost  or  destroyed  ;  but  pulling 
a  watch  from  his  fob,  said,  *  There  good 
woman,  if  that  can  make  you  happy, 
take  it,  and  dGo  bless  you.'  We  were 
all  much  surprized,  as  unacquainted,  as 
he  had  made  a  purchase  of  it  from  a 
drum-boy.  On  seeing  it,  it  is  impossible 
to  describe  the  joy  and  grief  that  was 
depicted  in  her  countenance ;  I  never  in 
all  my  lifi;,  beheld  such  a  strength  of 
pauion ;  she  kissed  it,  looked  unuttera- 


ble gratitude  at  Captain  Ferguson,  then 
kissed  it  again ;  her  feelings  were  inex- 
pressible, she  knew  not  how  to  express  or 
shew  them  ;  she  would  repay  bis  kind- 
ness by  kindness,  but  could  only  sob  her 
thanks ;  our  feelings  were  lifted  up  to  an 
inexpressible  height ;  we  promised  to 
search  after  the  papers,  and  I  believe,  at 
that  moment,  could  have  hazarded  life 
itself  to  procure  them."s  This  watch  i* 
now  in  the  possession  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Historical  Society,  to  whom  it  was 
presented  by  two  of  Col.  Francis's 
grand-daughters. 

But  one  opinion  was  entertained  of  Col. 
Francis  by  friend  or  foe,  and  that  is  well 
expressed  by  one  who  fought  against  him 
in  the  battle  that  ended  his  life.  An. 
burey  fitly  sums  up  Col.  Francis's  char, 
racter,  when  he  says,  — "  thi*t  brave 
officer.  Col.  Francis,  whose  ieath,  though 
an  enemy,  will  ever  be  regretted  by  those 
who  can  feel  for  the  loss  of  a  gallant  and 
brave  man."*  Three  of  Col.  Francis's 
brothers  were  officers  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  •'nd  served  with  much 
credit.*  The  k.  jlonel's  only  son,  Ebene- 
zer  Francis,  died  in  Boston,  Sept.  zi 
1858,  in  the  83d  year  of  his  age.  He 
left  a  fortune  estimated  at  between  three 
and  four  millions  of  dollars,  which  he 
had  made  himself;  and  he  Ailed  some  of 
the  most  honorable  positions  in  the 
commonwealth.  His  descendants  still 
survive,  and  are  among  the  most  respect- 
able and  influential  people  in  Massa- 
chu$etts.7  f'B.  I.  194-196.  513.  *l 
L.  187.  3K.  900.  ■•O.  331.  sp.  208- 
10.  H).  336.  71.  J.  88:  F.  U.  U. 
347] 


88  Lieut,  H add  en's  Journal, 

ment  as  a  cover  for  the  Wounded,  till  they  cou'd 
be  removed  to  Tyconderoga  &  this  from  many 
difficulties  was  not  effected  for  some  days,  in 
which  time  the  Enemy  recover'd  from  their 
panic ;  this  wou'd  not  have  been  the  case  had 
they  been  pursued  towards  Fort  Edward  by  the 
way  of  Skeensborough,  the  Route  of  the  Army 
pointing  that  way,  whatever  ground  we  drove 
them  from,  was  gained,  and  in  place  of  retiring 
such  Detachments  the  Army  wou'd  necessarily 
have  moved  forward  to  them.  Our  loss  in  ye 
above  Affair  was  17  Officers  t"  and  109  Rank  & 
File  Killed  or  Wounded.  As  a  proof  of  what 
may  be  done  against  Beaten  Battalions  while 
their  fears  are  strong  upon  them,  an  Officer  and 
15  Men  detached  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  in 
Cattle  lell  in  with  70  Rebels,  affecting  to  have 
the  rest  of  his  party  concealed  and  assuring  them 
they  were  surrounded,  they  surrender'd  their 
Arms  and  were  brought  in  Prisoners.  ^'^ 

About  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  Some  of  our 
Gun  Boats  came  up  with   the  Enemies  Vessels 

ca.     The    casualty     list     of     British 
officers  at  Hubbardton  was  as  follows  : 


Killed. 

Major  Grant, 

a4th  Reg't. 

Lieut.  Douglas, 

a9th      " 

"      Haggart, 

Marines. 

Wounded. 

Light  Infantry 

. 

Major  Lord  Balcarres, 

53d  Reg't. 

Capt.  Harris, 

34th      " 

"     Craig, 

47th      " 

Lieut.  Cullen, 

53d       " 

"       Jones, 

6ad       •• 

Grenadi 

ers. 

Capt.  Stapleton,    died 

of 

his 

wounds, 

9th        •' 

Major  Acland, 

aoth      «« 

Capt.  Ross, 

34tb     " 

"     Shrimpton, 

61.1       " 

Lieut.  Rowe, 

9th       «• 

"     Steele, 

a9th     «• 

"     Richardson, 

34th     «« 

Volunteer  Lindsay. 

Only  16  names  &re 

given    in  the  lilt. 

[G.  X.  1 74-] 

th.     See  Appendix 

IS- 

Lieut,  HadderCs  Journal, 


89 


near  Skeensborough  36  Miles  from  Tyconderoga, 
a  smart  Action  ensued  for  half  an  hour  when  the 
rest  of  our  Fleet  appearing  in  sight,  the  Enemy 
abandon'd  their  Vessels,  Five  in  Number,  and 
one  Skow  with  an  Iron  Howitzer,  thus  ended 
their  irrisistable  Naval  Armament  Built  last  year. 
Our  loss  was  One  Artillery  Officer  Killed,  and  a 
Volunteer  Wounded.  <^<'  The  Fleet  came  up  to 
Skeensborough  notwithstanding  the  commu- 
nication is  so  narrow  in  some  places  that  the 
Ships  Yards  almost  touched  the  Precipices  which 
over  hung  them  ;  The  Enemy  might  have  done 
great  execution  by  leaving  a  Detachment  on  the 
shore  to  harrass  them,  and  this  Party  cou'd  have 
retired  and  concealed  themselves  from  any  force 
landed  against  them. 

July  7th  Lt.  Col.  Hill  <^<^  was  detached  with 
the  9th  Reg't  to  Fort  Anne,  14  Miles,  on  the 
Road  to  Fort  Edward  and  the  same  distance 
from  it. 


cc.  The  British  officers  killed  at 
Skenesbornugh,  were  Second  Lieut. 
Clelland,  Royal  Artillery,  aiul  Volunteer 
Sutton.      [G.  X.  174] 

cd.  Three  John  Hills  appear  in  the 
British  Army  Lists  at  the  same  time. 
The  first  entered  the  army  as  an  ensign 
in  the  ist  Foot,  or  the  Royals,  March 
24,  1746-7  ,  became  a  lieutenant  April 
9,  1756;  a  captain  Sept.  3,  1766;  and 
major  July  i,  1774;  his  name  appearing 
for  the  last  time  in  the  Army  List  of  1776. 
Another  John   Hill  appears  as  a  lieu- 

12 


tenant  in  the  19th  Foot  Sept.  4,  1756, 
and  drops  out  of  the  Army  Lists  in 
1758. 

The  John  Hill  referred  to  in  the  text 
wjs  first  commissioned,  so  far  as  we  can 
ascertain,  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  24th 
Foot  March  15,  1747-8.  He  became 
the  adjutant  of  his  regiment  Aug.  25, 
1756,  and  capt.-lieutenant  of  it  March 
9,  1757-  He  was  promoted  to  a 
captaincy  in  the  13th  Foot  Dec.  I,  1758, 
and  to  the  majority  Oct.  10,  1765.  Hit 
regiment  was  stationed  at  Gibraltar  from 
'759  t*>  '7^3i  *ndat  Minorca  from  1770 


9©  Lieut,  Hadderi's  JournaL 

July  8th  The  Gun  Boats  returned  to  Tycon- 
deroga,  and  thence  proceeded  up  the  Creek 
towards  Lake  George  as  far  as  the  Bridge  at  the 
Saw  Mills.  The  Brigade  of  Artillery  attached 
to  the  Advanced  Corps,  only,  remained  with  the 
Aimy  to  wait  its  return,  it  being  determined  for 
the  rest  to  proceed  across  Lake  George. 

Wednesday  July  9th  We  began  disembarking 
Guns  &  Stores  from  the  Gun  Boats  at  the  Bridge 
in  Saw  Mill  Creek. 

July  loth  Capt  Borthwick's  Company  moved 
to  the  other  end  of  the  Portage  at  the  entrance 


to  1775,  inclusive.  He  became  a  lieut.- 
colonel  in  the  army  Sept.  ii,  1775,  and 
the  lieut.-colonel  of  the  9th  Foot  Nov. 
10,  of  the  same  year.'  This  regiment 
formed  part  of  the  re  inforcements  to  Sir 
Ouy  Carleton,  and  arrived  in  Canada  in 
the  spring  of  1776.  The  following  year 
it  shared  in  Burgoyne's  disastrous  cam- 
paign. When  the  Americans  evacuated 
'Ticonderoga,  llurgoyne,  with  the  gunboats, 
pursued  by  water  to  Skenesborough ; 
"Gen.  Fraser  with  the  light  troops  followed 
by  Gen.  Riedesel,  pursued  by  way  of 
Hubbardton;  and  Col.  Hill,  with  the 
9th,  was  dispatched  in  the  direction  of 
Fort  Anne  in  pursuit  of  Col.  Long,  who, 
with  his  regiment  and  the  invalids,  had 
retreated  in  that  direction.  The  Ameri- 
<:ans  ascertaining  the  weakness  of  Col. 
Hill's  force  boldly  attacked  him,  and  he 
was  hard  pressed  and  beaten  back; 
though  the  British  phrase  it,  in  Bur- 
goyne's  language,  as  follows  : — "Lieut.- 
Col.  Hill  found  it  necessary  to  change  his 
position  in  the  heat  of  action."'  The 
American  Gen.  Wilkinson,  in  hit 
Memoirs,  says,  Lieut. -Col.  Hill  "  was 
obliged  to  retreat,  and  Col.  Long,  for 
want  of  ammunition,  could  not  pursue 


him."s  Sergeant  Lamb  of  the  9th, 
who  took  part  in  the  affair,  says  that 
Capt.  Money's  sounding  the  Indian  war 
whoop  threw  the  Americans  into  con- 
sternation just  as  the  British  ammunition 
was  failing ;  and  he  would  have  us  infer 
that  the  Americans  withdrew,  and  not 
the  British,  as  he  says,  "after  the 
Americans  had  retreated  we  formed  on 
the  hill."4  Lieut.- Cul.  Hill  served 
through  Burgoyne's  campaign,  and  was 
included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention,  his 
name  being  signed  to  the  Cambridge 
Parole.  He  saved  the  colors  of  the  9th 
Regiment  by  secreting  them  in  his  pri- 
vate baggage ;  as  private  baggage  was, 
by  the  terms  of  the  convention,  secured 
to  its  owners,  the  colors  were  not  dis- 
covered by  the  Americans,  and  on  his 
return  to  England  Lieut.-Col.  Hill  pre- 
sented them  to  the  king,  who  rewarded 
services  of  such  questionable  merit  by 
appointing  Hill  as  one  of  his  aids.S  Hill's 
last  promotion  seems  to  have  been  as 
colonel  in  the  army  May  16,  1781; 
and  his  name  appears  for  the  last  time  in 
the  Army  Lists  in  1783.'  ['B,  H.  »B. 
N.  App.  19.  3M.  T.I 90.  «0.  V. 
141,  tt  pott.     *G.  C.  31.] 


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Lieut,  Hodden's  jfournal.  gi 


of  Lake  George,  carrying  with  us  all  the  Artillery 
then  landed. 

Gen'l  Orders  Skeensborough  House  July  i  ith. 

On  the  6th  July  The  Rebels  were  dislodged 
from  Tyconderoga  by  the  mere  continuance  and 
activity  of  the  Army,  and  on  the  same  day  driven 
beyond  Skeensborough  on  the  Right — to  Huber- 
ton  on  the  left  with  the  loss  of  all  their  Artillery  ; 
five  of  their  Armed  Vessels  taken  or  blown  up, 
by  the  spirrit'd  conduct  of  Capt  Carter  ^«  of  the 


ce.  John  Carter  entered  the  Royal 
Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  as  a 
gentleman  cadet,  Feb.  1 8,  175a.  He 
became  a  lieut. -fireworker  in  the  Royal 
Artillery,  March  I,i755j  a  zd  lieut., 
April  I,  1756  J  a  ist  lieut.,  April  2, 
1757;  a  capt. -lieut..  Jan.  i,  1759;  and 
a  captain,  Dec.  7,  1763;'  and  for  five 
years  after  getting  a  company,  his  was 
No.  7  Company,  ist  Battalion,  now  "4  " 
Battery,  5th  Brigade.^  After  the  peace 
of  1763  he  was,  for  a  time,  stationed  at 
the  regimental  headquarters  at  Wool- 
wich.^  He  was  in  Canada  in  the  spring 
of  1776,  when  he  helped  to  drive  the 
Americans  out  of  that  province.  Next 
to  Major  Williams  he  was  the  oldest 
artillery  captain  on  Burgoyne's  expedition.^ 
He  had  command  of  the  gun  boat.i  an 
the  pursuit  of  the  Americans  toSkcjc- 
borough  after  the  evacuation  of  Ticon- 
deroga,  and  he  succeeded  in  destroying 
five  of  their  armed  vessels,  with  all  their 
baggage  and  a  large  amount  of  ammuni- 
tion.5  August  4,  1777,  Gen.  Phillips 
appointed  him  commissary  of  horses  to 
the  Royal  Artilleiy;  and,  when  the 
army  approached  the  American  force  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson,  he  com- 
manded the  park  of  artillery.*^  He  was 
included  in  Burgoyne's  capitulation,  and 


his  name  is  attached  to  the  Cambridge 
Parole.  Capt.  Carter  became  a  major  in 
the  army,  Aug.  29,  1777*;  and  when 
a  part  of  the  Convention  troops  were 
moved  from  Cambridge  to  Rutland  he 
was  the  senior  officer  of  the  Rutland 
troops. 7  Anburey,  in  his  travels,  refers 
to  the  *  humanity  of  Major  Carter  '  while 
at  Rutland  in  interesting  himself  very 
warmly  in  behalf  of  three  British  officers 
.who  had  resented  an  American  '  insult ' 
with  blows,  and  thereby  got  themselves 
confined  in  the  guard  house.  Major 
Carter  "  frequently  remonstrated  with  the 
C'^iiimanding  Officer  of  the  guard,  at  the 
cruelty  and  injustice  of  their  conduct 
towa:  Is  them,  but  not  being  able  to  ob- 
r.ain  redress,  demanded  a  pass  to  send  an 
officer  to  Cambridge,  in  order  to  repre- 
sent the  affair,  through  General  Phillips, 
to  the  Commandmg  Officer  at  Boston. 
Major  Carter  then  informed  these  Gentle- 
men, that  as  he  thought  it  necessary  for 
the  good  of  the  troops  in  general,  to  make 
their  treatment  a  public  concern,  it  was 
hii  orders  they  should  wait  the  result  of 
General  Phillips's  interference  with  the 
American  General,  and  not  act  for  them- 
selves in  the  business  on  any  account." 
After  three  days  Major  Carter  received  » 
reply  from   Gen.  Phillips,    "  which  re- 


92  Lieut.  HaadetCs  ^Journal, 

Artillery  with  a  part  of  his  Brigade  of  Gun 
Boats,  a  very  great  quantity  of  Ammunition, 
Provisions,  and  Stores  of  all  sorts  and  the  greatest 
part  of  their  Baggage  fell  into  our  hands.  On 
the  yth  B.  Gen'l  Frazer  at  the  head  of  a  little 
more  than  half  the  advanced  Corps  without 
Artillery  (which  with  the  utmost  endeavours  it 
was  impossible  to  get  up)  came  up  with  near 
two  Thousand  of  the  Enemy  strongly  posted 
attacked  6c  defeated  them  with  the  loss  on  the 
Enemies  part  of  many  of  their  principal  Officers 
Two  hundred  Men  Killed  on  the  spot  a  much 
larger  number  wounded  and  about  200  made 
Prisoners.  Major  Gen'l  Reidesil  with  his  ad- 
vanced Guard  consisting  of  the  Chasseur  Com- 
pany and  Eighty  Grenadiers  arrived  in  time  to 
sustain  B.  G'l  Frazer  and  by  his  judicious  orders 
and  spirrited  execution  of  them  obtained  a  share 
for  himself  and  his  Troops  in  the  glory  of  the 
Action.  On  the  8th  Lt.  Col.  Hill  at  the  head 
of  the  9th  Regiment  was  attacked  at  Fort  Anne 

probated  in  the  strongest   terms,  the  im-  General^  than  they  had  the  justice  of  the 

prudence  aX  thuce  gentlemen,  in   paying  Americans."'  Major  Carter  died  in  Amer- 

attention  to  the  insolence  or  abuse  of  the  ica,    March    17,  1779',  and  though    his 

people  of  the  country,  the   General  ob-  name  disappears  from  the  Royal  Artillery 

serring  'that    they  should    listen  to  the  after  the  Army  List  of  1779,  it  is  carried 

abase  oi  the  Americans,  as  to  the  mere  on  the    list  of   majors  in    the    army    till 

cackling  of  gttte  \*   and  concluded    with  1782.        Burgoyne's    Orderly    Book     is 

saying,  '  He  should  not  concern  himself  in  error  in  saying  "he  reached  the  rank 

with    a  boxing    matck.' "     Consequently  of  Lieutenant-Colonel    in  the    Army    in 

the  incarcerated    officers   had  to   employ  1783,  when  his  name  is  dropped,"  as  his 

a   lawyer   on   '  exhorbitant   terms  *  "  to  highest   regimental    rank    was   that    of 

relieve  themselves  from  the  horrors  of  a  captain,  and  his   highest  army  rank  that 

<langcon,  on  quitting  which,  it  was  their  of  major.'     ['O.    U.       'B.  H.     30.  Z. 

observation,  that    they    had    little    more  176.     ^C.   Z.    244.       SL.    £.    324:    B. 

to  txtal  ti*  Aumaaitj  of  that  ov/n  N.  97.     'E.  Z.      ??.  238,  «f  ^tr.j 


Lieut,  Hadden's  yournai,  93 

by  more  than  six  times  his  number  «/  and  repulsed 
the  Enemy  with  great  loss  after  a  continued  fire 
of  Three  Hours.  In  consequence  of  this  action 
Fort  Anne  was  burnt  and  abandon'd  and  a  part 
of  this  Army  is  in  possession  of  the  Country  on  the 
other  side.  These  rapid  successes  after  exciting 
a  proper  sense  of  what  we  owe  to  God,  entitles 
the  Troops  in  general  to  the  warmest  praise  and 
in  a  particular  manner  distinction  is  due  to  B. 
Gen'l  Frazer  who  by  his  conduct  &  Bravery 
supported  by  the  same  qualities  in  the  Officers 
and  Soldiers  under  his  command,  effected  an  ex- 
ploit of  material  service  to  the  King  and  signal 
honor  to  the  profession  of  Arms :  This  Corps 
have  the  further  merit  of  having  supported 
fatigue  &  bad  weather  without  bread  and  without 
murmur.  Divine  Service  to  be  performed  on 
Sunday  morning  next,  and  a  Feu  de  joye  in  the 
Evening,  at  the  head  of  the  Line,  the  advanced 
Corps,  Tyconderoga,  Crown  Point,  the  Camp  at 
Castleton  and  the  post  of  Brymens  Corps.  These 
orders  will  be  read  to  every  Battalion. 

July  1 2th,  Brig.  Gen'l  Frazer  and  the  Corps 
detached  at  Castleton  &c  joined  the  Army  at 
Skeensborough.  One  German  and  one  British 
Regiment  were  left  in  Garrison  at  Mount  Inde- 

cf.     Hadden    has    greatly    magnified  the  rank  and  file  on  itt  casualty  list,  it 

the  number  of  the    Americans    at  Fort  had  one  officer  killed,  and  four  wounded  ; 

Ann.     Had  not  their  ammunition  given  one  of  the    latter,    Capt.    Montgomery, 

out,  the  British  9th  regiment  would  have  being  likewise  taken  prisoner, 
had  a  sorry  time  of  it.     As  it  was,  besides 


94-  Lieut.  HadderCs  Journal, 

pendcnce  and  Tyconderoga  :  Governor  Skccnc  <y 
was  appointed  to  act  as  Commissioner  and  to  ad- 
minister the  Oaths  of  Allegiance,  and  grant  cer- 
tificates to  such  inhabitants  as  sue  properly  for  the 
same,  and  regulate  all  other  matters  relative  to 
the  supplies  and  assistances  required  from  the 
Country  or  voluntarily  brought  in.  It  was  deter- 
mined by  Gen'l  Burgoyne  that  all  the  provisions, 
and  Stores,  Artillery  &c  (except  one  Lt.  Brigade) 
shou'd  be  passed  over  Lake  George  to  the  Right, 
under  the  escort  of  one  Reg'mt  and  the  Coros  of 
Royal  Artillery  ;  as  the  Enetny  had  Vessels  on 
this  Lake  a  sufficient  number  of  the  Gun  Boats 
were  kept  armed  and  clear  for  Action,  the  rest 
were  loaded  with  Stores  and  Provisions.  The 
Army  was  to  pass  by  Fort  Anne  carrying  with 
them,  thro.  Wood  Creek  as  many  Batteaux's 
as  wou'd  be  necessary  to  Transport  their  Provis- 
ions down  the  Hudsons  River,  After  the 
Action  at  or  near  Fort  Anne^  the  9th  Regiment 
were  withdrawn  and  joining  the  Army  at  Skecns- 
borough,  no  other  Detachment  was  sent  out, 
and  the  Enemy  tho.  not  victorious  were  the 
real  gainers  by  this  affair,  the  advantage  they 
made  of  it,  was  to  Fell  large  Tree's  across  IVood 
Creek^  and  the  Road  leading  by  the  side  of  it  to 
Fort  Anne.  The  clearing  of  which  cost  the  Army 
much  labour  and  time,  and  gave  the  enemy  spir- 
rits  &  leisure  to  wait  those  reinforcements  which 

eg.    See  Appendix  i6. 


Lieut,  HadderCs  'JournaU  95 

enabled  them  to  retire  deliberately,  always  keep- 
ing near  enough  to  prevent  our  sending  out 
small  Detachments  :  a  large  Corps  advanced  to 
Fort  Anne  (in  place  of  the  9th  Reg't)  wou'd 
have  encreased  the  Enemies  Fears  and  prevented 
these  delays.  The  proper  Corps  for  this  purpose 
had  taken  another  Route,  (G*l  Frazer's)  and 
whatever  footing  the  General  might  wish  to  put 
the  Action  near  Huberton  upon,  that  Corps  cer- 
tainly discover'd  that  neither  they  were  invincible, 
nor  the  Rebels  all  Poltroons;  On  the  contrary 
many  of  them  acknowledged  the  Enemy  behaved 
well,  and  look'd  upon  General  Reidesel's  fortu- 
nate arrival  as  a  matter  absolutely  necessary ; 
This  eclaircisement  should  have  taken  place  when 
something  more  than  honor  was  to  be  gained  ; 
We  were  now  at  Skcensborough,  having  lost 
near  200  Men,  and  this  post  was  gained  with 
the  loss  of  One  officer  &  One  Volunteer,  all  our 
other  posts  being  relinquished,  &  the  communi- 
cations in  front  to  be  repaired  before  we  cou'd 
proceed. 

July  13th  G.  Orders.  A  working  party  to 
parade  tomorrow  morning  at  daybreak  to  make 
Roads  &  communications  towards  Fort  Anne 
and  also  to  draw  Batteauxs  over  the  carrying 
place  into  the  Creek,  whatever  number  of  Men 
may  be  required  for  these  purposes  Brig'r  Gen'l 
Frazer's  Corps  and  the  Line  will  furnish. 


96  Lieut,  HadderCs  journal 

Monday  July  14th  On  the  Right.  The  rest 
of  the  Artillery  being  Landed  proceeded  from 
the  Saw  Mills  to  the  other  end  of  the  Portage  at 
Lake  George, 

July  15th  Carriages  resembling  a  Waggon 
without  the  Body,  (of  two  sizes,  the  larger  for 
Transporting  Gun  Boats,  and  the  lesser  for  Bat- 
teaux's)  being  put  together  and  some  Horses 
arrived  from  Canada  several  Gun  Boats  and  Bat- 
teaux's  were  brought  over  the  Portage  and 
launched  in  the  Lake  George  :  This  business 
was  much  retarded  for  want  of  Horses  which 
agreeable  to  a  Contract  were  to  be  sent  across 
Lake  Champlain  in  Floats. 

July  2 1  St.  Nothing  extraordinary  happen*d 
'till  this  period.  The  Troops  being  employed  in 
rcpair'g  the  Communications  &c  &c  &c. 

July  22nd  the  Roads  being  complet'd  and  the 
Creek  cleared  Gen'l  Burgoyne  gave  out  the  fol- 
lowing order.  The  Guards  of  the  Advanced 
Corps  to  be  relieved  by  the  same  numbers  of  the 
Line  this   Evening  at   Sun-sett. 

July  23rd  The  advanced  Corps  moved  to  Fort 
Anne,  14  Miles.  G.  Orders.  When  the  Army 
moves  a  Detachment  of  50  British,  50  Germans 
and  50  will  remain  posted  at  Skeensborough  for 
some  days.     Lt  Hetherington  cA    (of  a   Provin- 

ch.     Provost    Marshal   Hetherington,      Saratoga  Convention,  and  was  exchanged 
•r   Etbcrington,    was    included    in    the     Sept.  3,  1781.     fK.  J.  64.] 


Lieut,  HaddeTis  JaurnaL  97 

cial  Corps)  is  appointed  Provost  Mirtial  to  the 
Army  and  will  at  all  times  have  a  guard  of  10 
British   and  10  Germans. 

July  24th :  G.  Orders.  Skeensborough. 
The  Provisions  &c  of  the  Army  (Tents  ex- 
cepted) to  be  loaded  this  afternoon.  The 
General  to  beat  tomorrow  instead  of  the  Re- 
valley,  The  Tents  are  then  to  be  put  on  board 
and  the  Batteauxs  proceed  immediately  under  a 
proper  escort.  The  assembly  to  beat  an  hour 
afterwards  and  the  Troops  will  then  march. 
Reidesils  Dragoons  makes  the  advanced  Guard 
and  the  rear  Guard  to  be  composed  of  one  Cap- 
tain and  Company  from  the  Rear  Regiment ; 
The  Provincials  are  in  the  Rear  of  the  British  ; 
The  Carts  are  to  fall  in  between  the  main  body 
and  the  rear  Guard,  and  the  Provost  Guard  a 
Quarter  of  a  Mile  in  the  Rear  of  the  whole. 

This  movement  of  the  Army  was  deferred  'till 
the  day  following,  when  it  moved  to  Fort  Anne 
14  MileSy  and  B.  Gen'l  Frazers  Corps  proceeded 
to  Jones's  Farm  (about  7  Miles  farther)  in  the 
Pitch  Pine  Plains. 

G.  Orders,  at  Fort  Anne  July  27th 

The  21st  Regiment  will  immediately  join  the 
advanced  Corps  leaving  a  Subaltern  and  Twenty 
Men  as  an  escort  for  Gen'l  Burgoyne;  Two 
Pieces  of  Cannon  are  to  go  with  the  Regim't. 
(The    Germans    remained    here.)     The    Right 

'3 


98  Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL 

Wing  to  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  march 
in  the  same  order  as  from  Skeensborough  on  the 
shortest  notice. 

The  28th  B.  Gen'l  Frazer's  Corps  moved  to 
the  cross  Roads  about  2  Miles  short  of  Fort 
Edward. 

July  29th  He  was  joined  by  all  the  British 
except  the  21st  Reg't  and  two  Pieces  of 
Cannon  under  Capt  Jones.  (R.  Ar'y).  This 
Detachment  were  left  at  Jones's  Farm  to  secure 
the  communication  with  the  Post  at  Skeens- 
borough. In  the  afternoon  the  R't  Wing  moved 
forward  to  Fort  Edward  14  Miles  from  Fort 
Anne, 

July  29th  Gen'l  Orders :  The  Advanced 
Corps  will  encamp  on  the  height  beyond  Fort 
Edward^  The  Indians,  Canadians  and  such  of 
the  Provincials  as  are  armed,  in  their  front  and 
on  their  flanks  ;  The  head  Quarters  will  be  at 
the  Red  House  near  the  Fort  cover'd  by  Reid- 
esils  Dragoons  who  will  encamp  on  the  plain  ; 
The  Right  Wing  will  encamp  on  the  rising 
ground  on  this  side  the  plain.  The  left  Wing 
(Germans)  will  remain  at  Fort  Anne  till  further 
orders  to  aid  in  the  Transport  of  Provisions  &c. 
Nothing  material  happen'd  on  this  march  ;  the 
Country  is  in  general  barren,  a  Sandy  Soil  & 
cover'd  with  tall  Pine  Trees. 


Lieut,  Hadden*s  Journal.  99 

Memorandum.  Four  Companies  of  the  21st 
Reg't  being  detached  about  300  yards  across  a 
Bridge,  with  the  Two  Guns  Cap't  Jones,  R.  A., 
took  command  of  the  whole ;  in  consequence  of 
which  Major  Foster  ^'^  Commanding  the  Reg't 
left  the  other  Six  Companies  to  join  these  four 
and  supersede  Capt  Jones — "  Sic  transit  gloria 
Mundi." 


ci,  George  Forster  began  bis  military 
career  Oct.  2,  '755«  as  an  ensign  in  the 
8th,  or  King's  Regiment  of  Foot,  in 
which  be  was  promoted  to  be  a  lieut., 
Sept.  26,  1757.  He  served  in  Germany 
during  the  Seven  Years  War,  and  was 
further  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in  his 
regiment,  Dec.  25,  1770.'  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  American  revolution 
the  8th  was  stationed  on  the  frontier  of 
Canada,  and  early  in  1776  Capt.  Forster 
was  posted  at  Oswegatchie,  now  Ogdens- 
burgh.  He  c  immanded  the  mixed  force 
of  British,  Canadians  and  Indians,  that 
captured  the  American  post  at  the  Cedars 
in  May,  1776,  as  well  as  the  force  under 
Major  Sherburne  a  few  days  after,  and 
his  treatment  of  the  prisoners  thus  taken, 
excited  much  feeling  and  controversy  at 
the  time.  The  British  and  Canadian 
accounts  acquit  Capt,  Forster  of  all 
blame,  and  accord  him  great  praise  for 
his  conduct^;  and  Sir  Guy  Carleton  thus 
wrote  to  him  from  Montreal,  under  date 
of  June  20,  1776,  '•  Your  last  expedition 
has  acquired  you  great  honour,  the  next  I 
hope  will  prove  no  less  fortunate."' 

The  American  version,  however,  is  very 
different,  as  shown  by  the  action  of  Con 
gress  July  10,  1776,  to  be  found  at  length 
in  the  Journals  of  Congress,  vol.  2,  pp. 
256-260.  [See  also  Am.  Arch.,  5th 
Ser.,  vol  I,  pp  158-170.]  The  report 
of  the  committee  of  Congress  upon  the 
matter  states,  among  other  things,  "  That 


immediately  on  the  surrender,  the  garri- 
son v/as  put  into  the  custody  of  the 
savages,  who  plundered  them  of  their 
baggage,  and  even  stripped  them  of  their 
cloaths.  .  .  .  That  two  of  them  " 
(/.  e.  of  Major  Sherburne's  force)  •'  were 
put  to  death  that  evening  "  (May  20th), 
"  four  or  five  others  at  different  time* 
afterwards,  one  of  whom  was  of  those 
who  surrendered  on  capitulation  at  the 
Cedars,  and  was  killed  on  the  8th  day 
after  that  surrender  ;  that  one  was  first 
shot,  and  while  retaining  life  and  sensa- 
tion, was  roasted,  as  was  related  by  his 
companion  now  in  possession  of  the 
savages,  who  himself  saw  the  fact  j  and 
that  several  others  being  worn  down  by 
famine  and  cruelty,  were  left  exposed  in 
an  island  naked  and  perishing  with  cold 
and  hunger:  .  .  .  That  on  Sunday,  the 
26th"  (May,  1776),  "the  prisoners 
were  carried  to  Quinze  Chenes,  when  it 
was  discovered  that  general  Arnold  was 
approaching,  and  making  dispositions  to 
attack  them  :  That  Captain  Forster 
having  desired  Major  Sherburne  to  attend 
a  flag,  which  he  was  about  to  send  to 
general  Arnold  for  confirmation  of  the 
cartel,  carried  him  into  the  council  of 
Indians,  then  sitting,  who  told  him,  that 
It  was  a  mercy  never  before  shewn  in 
their  wars,  that  they  hnd  put  to  death  so 
few  of  the  prisoners  ;  but  that  he  must 
expect  and  so  inform  general  Arnold,  that 
they  should    certainly    kill    every    man. 


loo        Lieut.  Haddetis  'Journal, 

I  shall  now  give  an  account  of  the  operations 
of  the  Detachment  to  the  Right  of  the  Army 
coming  across  Lake  George,  as,  the  two  blended 
together  wou'd  have  created  confusion  From 
July  ye  14th  to  the  25  We  were  employed  in 
bringing  forward  the  Guns,  Stores,  and  Provis- 
ions ;  and  in  transporting  Gun  Boats  &  Bat- 
teaux's    from    ye    Saw   Mill's    Creek    to    Lake 


who  should  thereafter  fall  into  their 
hands  :  That  captain  Forster  joined  in 
desiring  that  this  bloody  message  should 
be  delivered  to  general  Arnold,  and  more- 
over that  he  should  be  notified,  that  if 
he  rejected  the  cartel,  and  attacked  him, 
every  man  uf  the  prisoners  would  be  put 
to  instant  death  :  .  .  .  That,  during  the 
time  of  their  captivity,  not  half  food  was 
allowed  the  prisoners  ;  they  were  con- 
tinually insulted,  butfetted  and  ill  treated 
by  the  savages  ;  and  vhen  the  first  parties 
of  them  were  carried  off  from  the  shore 
to  be  delivered  to  general  Arnold,  balls 
of  mud  were  fired  at  them,  and  at  the  last 
parties  musket  balls. 

"  The  Congress  taking  into  considera- 
tion the  foregoing  report,  came  to  the 
ibllowing  resolutions  : 

»«  Resol-ved,  That  all  acts  contrary  to 
good  faith,  the  laws  of  nature,  or  tne 
customs  of  civilized  nations,  done  by 
the  officers  or  soldiers  of  his  Britannic 
■majesty,  or  by  foreigners  or  savages  taken 
into  his  service,  are  to  be  considered  as 
4lone  by  his  orders,  unless  indemnification 
be  made  in  cases  which  admit  indemnifi- 
cation, and  in  all  other  cases,  unless  im- 
mediate and  effective  measures  be  taken 
by  him,  or  by  his  officers,  for  bringing 
to  condign  punishment  the  authors, 
abettors  and  perpetrators  of  the  act  .■ 

"  That  the  plundering  the  baggage  of 
the  garrison  at  the  Cedars,  stripping  them 
of  their  cloaths,  and  delivering  them  into 


the  hindt  of  the  savages,  was  a  breach  of 
the  cjf'itulation  on  the  part  of  the  enemy, 
for  whivh  indemnification  ought  to  be 
demanded  : 

"  That  the  murder  of  the  prisoners  of 
war  was  a  gross  and  inhuman  violation 
of  the  laws  of  nature  and  nations  ;  that 
condign  panbhment  should  be  inflicted 
on  the  authors,  abettors  and  perpetrators 
of  the  same  ;  and  that,  for  this  purpose, 
it  be  required  that  they  be  delivered  into 
our  hands : 

*'  That  the  agreement  entered  into  by 
general  Arnold,  was  a  mere  sponsion  on 
his  part ;  he  not  being  invested  with 
powers  for  the  disposal  of  prisoners  not 
in  his  possession,  nor  under  his  direction 
and  that,  therefore,  it  is  subject  to  be 
ratified  or  annulled,  at  the  discretion  of 
this  house  : 

"  That  the  shameful  surrender  of  the 
post  at  the  Cedars,  is  chargeable  on  the' 
commanding  officer;  that  such  other  of 
the  prisoners,  as  were  taken  there,  shewed 
a  willingness  and  desire  to  fight  the 
enemy;  and  that  major  Sherburne  and 
the  prisoners  taken  with  him,  though 
their  disparity  of  numbers  was  great, 
fought  the  enemy  bravely  for  a  considera- 
ble time,  and  surrendered  at  last,  but  on 
absolute  necessity;  on  which  considera- 
tion, and  on  which  alone  it  is  resolved, 
that  the  said  sponsion  be  ratifieJ ;  and 
that  an  equal  number  of  captives  from 
the  enemy,  of  the  ume  rank  and  con- 


Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL         loi 


George.  The  Road  is  tolerably  level,  and  where 
it  wanted  repairs  the  Rebel  Prisoners  were  em- 
ployed being  furnished  with  Tools  and  working 
under  a  Guard  :  We  had  about  Two  hundred  of 
them  confined  in  a  Barn,  and  those  who  were 
not  wanted  either  for  the  above  purpose  or  Re- 
moving Guns  and  Stores,  amused  themselves  in 
beating  Hemp :  These  measures  certainly  were 
not  justifiable,  they  were  it  is  true  allowed  Rum 
in  common  with  other  fatigue  Parties  and  upon 
the  whole  'twas  better  than  close  confinement, 
but  it  ought  to  have  been  optional ;  they  shou'd 


dition,  be  restored  to  them,  as  stipulated 
by  the  said  sponsion  : 

"That,  previous  to  the  delivery  of  the 
prisoners  to  be  returned  on  our  part,  the 
British  commander  in  Canada  be  required 
to  deliver  into  our  hands  the  authors, 
abettors,  and  perpetrators  of  the  horrid 
murder  committed  on  the  prisoners,  to 
suffer  such  punishment  as  their  crime 
deserves  ;  and  also  to  make  indemnifi- 
cation for  the  plunder  at  the  Cedars,  taken 
contrary  to  the  faith  of  the  cap'tulation  ; 
and  that  until  such  delivery  and  indem- 
nification be  made,  the  said  prisoners  be 
rot  delivcied  : 

"That,  it'  the  enemy  shall  commit 
any  further  viol.tnces,  by  putting  to  death, 
torturing,  or  otherwise  ill  treating  the 
prisoners  retained  by  them,  or  any  of  th; 
hostages  put  into  their  hands,  recourse  b  • 
had  to  retaliation,  as  the  sole  means  of 
stopping  the  progress  of  human  butchery  ; 
and  that  for  that  purpose,  punishments 
of  the  same  kind  and  degree  be  inflicted 
on  an  equal  number  of  the  captives  from 
them  in  our  possession,  'till  they  shall  be 
taught  to  respect  the  violated  rights  of 
nations  : 

"  That  a  copy  of  the  above  report  and 


resolutions   be   transmitted    to  the  com 
mander  in  chief  of  the  continental  forces, 
to  be  by  him  sent  to  generals  Howe  and 
Burgoyne." 

The  receiL<t  of  this  report  and  these 
resolutions  just  after  the  shooting  of  Gen, 
Gordon,  was  the  occasion  of  Gen. 
Carleton's  issuing  his  violent  order  of 
Aug.  4,  1776,  which  Hadden  has  given 
in  full. 

Capt.  Forster  was  promoted  to  be  major 
of  the  2ist,  or  Royal  North  British 
Fuzilecrs,  Nov.  5,  1776.'  The  next 
year  he  participated  in  Burgoyne's  expe- 
dition, and  his  name  is  signed  to  the 
Cambridge  parole.  He  was  one  of  the 
witnesses  at  the  trial  of  the  American 
Col.  Henley  for  cruelty  towards  the 
Convention  troops^  and  he  seems  to 
have  been  a  brave  and  active,  even  if 
not  always  a  judicious  officer.  He  be- 
came a  lieut. -colonel  in  the  army  Nov. 
20,  1782;  and  the  lieut.-colonel  of  the 
66th  Fjut,  Dec.  31,  1784.  His  name 
appears  in  the  British  Army  Lists  for  the 
last  time  in  1787. «  ['  B.  H.  »  L.  D. 
135-140:  B.  X.  316.  3  F.  B.  17. 
♦  F-  2] 


I02         Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL 

either  have  been  consider'd  as  Prisoners  of  War, 
or  Rebels.  The  Brutality  of  Major  W.  9  induced 
him  to  bring  out  these  unhappy  wretches  and 
parade  them  in  the  Rear  of  the  Troops  when  the 
Feu  dejoye  was  fired  upon  our  late  successes,  some 
of  them  felt  the  insult  but  others  threw  up  their 
Caps  &  Huzza'd  with  the  Troops  in  spite  of 
many  pushes  from  their  Comrades.  Their  Offi- 
cers were  sent  to  Canada  on  Parole. 

Portage,  Lake  George,  Saturday  July  26th 
1777 — Maj'r  Gen'l  Phillips  was  pleased  to  order 
me  to  choose  3  Noncom'd  officers  &  30  Men  from 
Capt'n  Borthwick's  Company,  of  these  I  was  to 
take  Command  &  proceed  with  the  rest  of  the 
Artillery,  (except  Capt.  Borthwick  and  the  re- 
mainder of  his  Company  left  for  the  defence  of 
Tyconderoga  &c)  across  Lake  George,  and  this 
day  I  embarked  with  them  on  board  the  Gun 
Boats. 

Sunday  July  27th  Being  embarked  on 
board  26  Gun  Boats,  we  proceeded  with  100 
Men  from  the  62nd  Reg't  and  Capt  Monins 
Company  of  Canadians  under  the  Command  of 
Lt.  Col.  Anstruther.  <^^     This  expedition  was    to 

cj.     The  officer  referred  to  in  the  text  cruelty   during    the   Revolutionary    war 

was  Major  Griffith  Williams,  command-  was  not  practiced  by  the  Britijii,  as  will 

ing  the  detachment  of  the  Royal  Artiller)  be  seen   by  reference  to  the   note   upon 

vith  Burgoyne,  a  notice  of  whom  will  be  Cul.  Stirkney  to  be  found  later  on. 
found  later  on.     Hadden's  disapproval  of 

the  major's  conduct  shows   that  all  the  ck.     John     Anstruther  was    the  third 

British  officers  were  not  actuated  by  the  son  of  Sir   Fhilip  Anstruther,  of  Balcas- 

lame   feelings.       Unfortunately   all    the  kie,  Scotland,   by   his    wife,   Catharine, 


Lieut.  Hadden's  Journal,        103 


have  been  larger  and  under  the  orders  of  Maj'r 
Gen'l  Phillips,  but  the  Enemy  having  (a  few 
days  since)  destroyed  their  Vessels  (5  in  number) 
including  two  on  the  Stocks;  and  destroying  the 
defences  of  the  Fort,  abandon'd  it  retiring 
towards  Fort  Edward. 

The  first  4  or  5  Miles  the  water  is  extremely 
shallow  (4  or  5  Feet  deep)  but  after  that  it  grows 
very  deep  and  will  everywhere  admit  Vessels  of 


only  daughter  of  Lord  Alexander  Hay, 
of  Spott,  a  son  of  John,  first  Marquess 
of  Tweeddale,  by  Lady  Jane  Scott, 
daughter  of  Walter,  Earl  of  Buccleugh.' 
John  Anstruther  was  commissioned  as 
ensign  in  the  26th  Foot  May  2d,  1 75 1, 
and  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  in  the 
8th,  or  King's  Regiment  of  Foot, 
August  28,  1756;  and  when  the  2d 
Battalion  of  that  organization  was  re- 
numbered as  the  63d  Foot,  in  1758, 
that  became  the  number  of  his  regiment. 
[There  was  another  John  Anstruther 
who  was  made  a  ist  lieut.  in  the  107th, 
or  Queen's  own  Royal  Regiment  of 
Volunteers,  Oct.  20th,  1761.]  He 
became  a  captain-lieutenant  September 
25th,  1761  ;  a  captain  July  23d  1762; 
and  a  major  November  5th,  1766.  He 
obtained  the  lieut. -colonelcy  of  the  62d 
Foot  October  21st,  1773;  and  to  that 
corps  he  was  attached  during  the  re- 
mainder of  his  military  career."  He 
accompanied  his  regiment  to  Canada  in 
1776,  served  under  Carleton  that  year; 
and  the  following  year  took  part  in 
Burgoyne's  campaign.  The  62d  was 
badly  cut  up  at  Freeman's  Farm  Septem- 
ber 19,  1777,  and  after  the  action  it 
numbered,  according  to  Gen.  Burgoyne, 
"  less  than  60  men,  and  four  or  five 
officers,"  Lieut.-Colonel  Anstruther  being 


among  the  wounded.  He  was  again 
wounded  the  next  month  at  Bemus* 
Heights. 3  He  was  included  in  Bur- 
goyne's surrender,  but  was  paroled  or 
exchanged  the  following  year.  He  and 
a  number  of  other  British  officers  on 
their  way  to  England  in  the  Eagle 
packet,  were  captured  by  the  American 
privateer  Vengeance  of  20  guns,  in 
September,  1778,  and  taken  into  Co- 
riinna.4  A  letter  written  by  this  officer 
to  Gen.  Gates  from  Cambridge  Dec.  8th, 
1777,  discloses  the  fact  that  they  were 
old  West  India  acquaintances,  and  shows 
Anstruther  to  have  been  a  man  of  good 
education. S  He  became  a  colonel  in 
the  army  Novembfj  17,  1780,  and  his 
name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the 
last  time  in  1782.' 

Col.  Anstruther  married  Grizel  Maria, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  John  Thomson, 
of  Charleton,  Fifeshire,  and  heiress  of 
line  of  the  St.  Clairs,  Earls  of  Orkney, 
and  of  the  Lords  Sinclair  and  Ravens- 
heugh.  By  her  he  had  a  daughter,  after- 
wards married  to  General  James  Durham 
of  Largo,  and  two  sons,  theelder  of  whom, 
John  Anstruther  Thomson,  assumed  his 
mother's  surname,  and  succeeded  to  her 
estates.'.*  ['B.  R.  ^-B.  H.  3B.  N.:  G.  V. 
17s,  176.     "H.   J.  418,   440.     5D.  R. 


104-        Lieut.  Maddens  JournaL 

any  kind.  We  passed  Rugers^s  Rock^^  famous 
for  his  descending  a  part  of  it  with  his  Detach- 
ment (during  the  last  War)  where  it  appears 
almost  perpendicular.  This  was  his  only  alter- 
native to  escape  falling  into  the  hands  of  a  superior 
Corps  of  Savages  in  the  French  Interest ;  It 
happen'd  during  the  Winter  which  no  doubt 
facilitated  his  descent  by  jiakes  of  Snow  &c  col- 
lected on  the  Rock^  as  in  its  present  state  one 
wou'd  doubt  the  fact  if  not  so  well  authenti- 
cated. He  afterwards  crossed  the  Lake  on  the 
Ice.  We  passed  Sabaoth  day  Point  so  called 
from  an  Action  which  happen'd  here  on  a  Sun- 
day. This  is  the  only  cleared  land  we  have  yet 
come  to  ;  it  is  Seven  Miles  from  the  Portage,  & 
on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  the  Lake.'"*  In 
the  evening  (there  being  no  wind)  we  came 
to  an  Anchor  at  14  Mile  Island,  so  called  be 
cause  it  is  14  Miles  from  Fort  George  :  Here 
we  encamped   there   being   only  one  House   on 

cl.     The  story  is  usually  told  of  Major  Indians    coming    up   ju«t    after    he    had 

Robert  Rogers  individually,   and   not  of  escaped,  and  seeing    tracks  to  the  cliffj 

his  whole  party  as  in  thetext.     Its  founda-  and  none  from  it,  owing  to  the  Major's 

tion  is  as  follows.      In  one  of  his  expedi-  clever  device  of  reversing  his  snow  shoes, 

tions,    before   the     British     conquest    of  supposed  that   he  had  slidden  down   the 

Canada,  Major  Rogers,  with  some  of  his  face  of   the   precipice  j     and  concluding 

rangers,  encountered  a  superior  force  of  that  he  must  be  under  the  protection  of 

French  and  Indians  and  was  defeated,  his  the  Great  Spirit  as  he  glided  sifely  away 

party  being  scattered  and  compelled  to  fly.  on  the  lake,  they  at  once  gave  up  further 

Major  Rogers  was  himself  pursued  to  the  pursuit.       Since    then    the    precipice    in 

clitf  mentioned  in  the  text,  where  escape  question  has   gone    under    the   n.ime    of 

seemed   well  nigh  impossible.     Quickly  Roger's  Slide,  or  Roger's  Rock, 
reversing  his  snow  shoes  he  retraced  his 

steps  a  short   distance  and   then  swung  cm.     Sabbath    Day    Point    is    on    the 

himself  into  a  ravine,  whence  he   made  western  shore  of  Lake  George,  and    not 

his  way  to  the  surface  of  the  lake.     The  on  the  eastern  shore  as  stated  by  Haddcn. 


Lieut,  H addends  JournaL         105 

the  Island ;  we  saw  and  killed  a  great  number 
of  Rattle  SnakeSy  in  the  Stomach  of  one  of  them 
we  found  two  whole  ground  Squirrels,  on  one  of 
which  the  Hair  was  quite  perfect,  it  appeared 
to  have  been  swallowed  the  preceding  day,  the 
effecting  of  which  must  have  been  a  work  of 
some  time  as  the  Mouth  of  the  Serpent  appeared 
infinitely  too  small  to  receive  it  suddenly ;  This 
Snake  had  6  Rattles.  One  was  killed  which 
had  1 3  Rattles.  I  apprehend  one  reason  for  our 
discovering  so  many,  was  the  number  of  Fires 
and  removing  old  Logs  to  supply  Fuel.  On  an 
Island  near  this,  an  Artillery  Man  was  stung  to 
Death  some  years  ago,  and  that  Island  is  so 
famous  for  them  as  to  be  called  Rattle  Snake  Is- 
land. The  Rattle  is  only  used  when  the  Snake 
is  coiled,  it  is  then  twirl'd  round  more  or  less 
as  his  fears  or  anger  increase  or  diminish,  and  by 
no  means  makes  so  great  a  noise  as  people 
imagine :  in  fact  little  more  than  any  other 
Reptile  moving  thro,  dry  Leaves.*^'*  We  met 
with  no  accidents,  and  having  a  fair  wind 
arrived  at  Fort  George  about  Noon  on  the 
28th  July.  Lake  George  is  36  Miles  in  length, 
and  a  little  more  than  two  in  width  ;  it  lays  in 
a  Valley  between  two  immense  Ridges  of  Moun- 
tains the  bottoms  of  which  border  on  the  Lake, 
from  this  circumstance  it  is  extremely  deep 
quite  up  to   the  landing  near  Fort  George,  and 

en.     The  inhabitants  dry  and  eat  the  snakes.      [^HaJJen's  Note.'] 


io6        Lieut,  HadderCs  yournal, 

has  seldom  more  than  two  prevailing  winds  but 
is  very  liable  to  sudden  squals,  in  one  of  these  the 
Rev'd  Mr  Brudenell  <^^  was  very  near  lost  in  a 
Man  ot  War's  Barge.  Towards  the  middle  there 
are  a  great  number  of  small  Islands  uninhabited, 
nor  are  there  above  5  or  6  Settlements  on  the 
whole  Lake.  The  Mountains  are  plentifully 
supplied  with  Deer  the  few  Inhabitants  hunt 
them  with  Dogs  'till  they  take  the  Water  and  in 
attempting  to  cross  the  Lake  are  picked  up  by 
People  laying  wait  in  Boais  or  Canoes.  Our 
passage  across  this  Lake  was  very  pleasant  and  it 
affords  many  pleasing  &  romantic  prospects. 
Were  we  to  retain  a  Post  at  Tyconderoga  the 
little  depth  of  water  towards  that  end  of  Lake 
George  wou'd  be  a  great  obstacle  to  our  keeping 
up  a  Fleet.  Gun  Boats  appear  to  be  well  calcu- 
lated for  this  Lake  the  water  being  in  general  so 
smooth  that  they  could  always  act ;  and  at  the  Fall 
of  the  Year  they  might  take  advantage  of  the 
encrease  of  Water  in  the  Saw  Milt  Creek  to  pass 
the  Rapids    and   Shallows    which   interrupt    the 

(0.     Rev.   Edward   Brudenel,  chaplain  service,  when    shelled    by   the  American 

to  the  artilleiy,  accomf^anied  Lady  Harriet  batteries,  is  specially   mentioned   by  Bur- 

AcUnd  tu  the  American  lines  when  she  goyne." 

ioioed    her   wounded    husband   who   had  We  find  no  further  notice  of  him  save 

been   taken  prisoner  at  Bemus'   Heights  the  announcement  of  the  death  of  the 

Oct.    7,    1777-      He    likewise    officiated  Rev.      Edward       Brudenel,     rector      of 

at  the  burial  of  Gen.   Frascr,  who  was  Hougham     and     Marston,     Lic(^lnshire, 

mcrtally  wounded    in    the    same  action,  June    25,     1805,     in    Berkeley    street, 

and  hit  "  steady  attitude  and  his  unaltered  London^    though,    whether    this    notice 

Toice    though    frequently    covered    with  applies  to  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  we 

dost  which  the  shot  threw  up  on  all  sides  are  not  able  positively  to  affirm.     ['B.  N. 

of  him,"    during    that    eventful  funeral  126,  129.     »L.  C.  52.] 


Lieut.  HadderCs  Journal.        107 

communication  with  Lake  Champlain,  and  be 
secured  under  the  Guns  in  Tyconderoga,  or 
Mount  Independence.  So  soon  as  we  arrived  at 
Fort  George  The  Infantry  were  employed  in 
clearing  a  post  on  Gage's  Hill  which  commands 
the  Fort  at  the  distance  of  about  1500  Yards, 
on  the  Road  to  Fort  Edward.  This  is  a  very 
strong  position,  the  Road  being  in  a  manner  cut 
thro,  the  height  on  which  the  post  is  taken. 

Fort  George  which  stands  near  the  water  at 
the  end  of  the  Lake,  is  a  small  square  Fort  faced 
with  Masonry  and  contains  Barracks  for  about  a 
hundred  Men  secured  from  Cannon  Shot.  This 
Fort  cou'd  not  stand  a  Siege,  being  commanded, 
&  too  confined  not  to  be  soon  reduced  by  Bom- 
bardment. The  Rebels  before  they  abandon'd 
it  had  endeavour'd  to  destroy  the  defences  and 
actualy  blew  up  the  Magazine  on  the  side  next 
the  Water,  which   demolish'd  that  Face. 

The  Ruins  of  Fort  Henry  are  on  the  Eastern 
shore  ^y^  of  the  Lake,  this  was  never  much  more 
than  a  small  stockaded  Fort.  The  Land  is 
cleared  for  about  a  Mile  Round  the  Fort  on 
both  sides  of  the  Lake,  and  on  it  are  built  5 
Farm  Houses.  We  found  that  the  Enemy  had 
carried  off  a  large   Magazine  of  Flour  &  other 

cf.  Hadden's  confusion  of  the  points  refers  to  under  the  name  of  Fort  Henry, 
of  the  compass  again  shows  itself  here,  is  on  the  western  shore  of  Lake  George, 
u  Fort  William  Henry,  which  Hadden 


io8         Lieut,  Hadden^s  Journal. 

Provisions,  during  the  time  the  British  Army 
lay  at  Skeensborough  to  repair  the  communica- 
tions to  Fort  Anne^  destroyed  by  the  Enemy's 
felling  Trees  across  them  after  the  9th  Reg't 
were  withdrawn  :  Had  a  large  Corps  been  ad- 
vanced to  the  Cross  Roads  near  Fort  Edward,  or 
more  properly  the  greater  part  of  the  Army 
leaving  a  Detachment  at  S  keens  borough  we 
shou'd  have  got  an  immense  supply  of  Provision's 
thus  far  on  our  Route,  and  gained  much  time; 
Gen'l  Burgoyne  had  intelligence  of  these  circum- 
stances, as  the  Storekeeper  of  Fort  George  (origi- 
nally in  the  British  service  &  whose  Son  was  with 
us)  came  in,  and  saw  him.  From  what  we  cou'd 
learn  the  Enemy  had  made  two  or  three  trips 
with  40  or  50  Waggons ;  having  full  time  they 
carried  off  or  destroyed  the  minutest  articles,  and 
also  drove  with  them  the  Cattle  belonging  to 
the  Inhabitants :  Indeed,  an  attempt  was  made 
on  the  last  Division  of  Waggons  by  a  Detach- 
ment of  Savages,  they  Seized  one  Waggon  which 
had  broken  down,  began  to  plunder  it  of  the 
Horses  &c,  and  cou'd  not  be  prevailed  on  to  pur- 
sue the  rest  of  them.  July  28th  (continued)  we 
landed  and  encamped.  I  was  taken  very  ill  this 
night. 

July  30th  most  of  the  Guns  &  Stores  being 
disembarked,  I  was  order'd  with  my  Detach- 
ment and  Six  Pieces  of  Lt.  Artillery  to  join  Capt. 


Lieut.  Hadden's  Journal,         109 

Jones  &  remain  attached  to  the  Right  Wing  of 
the  Army.  I  was  attacked  with  the  Ague  when 
I  set  out,  but  recover'd  on  changing  the  Air, 
which  from  the  Fires  to  destroy  the  Storehouses, 
Barracks,  Shipping  on  the  Stocks  &c  and  a 
quantity  of  bad  Provisions  dispers'd  about,  was 
very  hot  &  unpleasant,  the  Soil  being  sandy  en- 
creased  these.  Here  I  first  tasted  Windsor  Beans 
of  any  size,  those  in  Canada  being  scarce  and 
very  small.  We  also  took  great  quantities  of 
Trout  in  a  Creek  near  here.  I  marched  14  Miles 
this  day  &  encamped  at  the  cross  Roads  about  2 
Miles  short  of  F't  Edward. 

Thursday.  July  31st  I  marched  to  Fort 
Edward  and  encamped  with  the  first  Brigade 
British.  Fort  Edward;  here  are  the  Ruins  of 
a  small  Fort  thrown  up  near  the  Hudson  River 
to  cover  a  part  of  it  which  is  here  Fordable.  This 
is  at  present  totally  dismantled  and  does  not  ap- 
pear ever  to  have  been  calculated  for  a  further 
purpose  than  repelling  a  sudden  attack  being 
commanded  on  both  flanks  within  Cannon  Shot ; 
The  Army  encamped  on  these  heights,  The  Ad- 
vanced being  on  the  far  side  (towards  Albany) 
and  the  Right  Wing  about  the  same  distance  in 
the  Rear  of  the  Fort ;  The  fires  of  these  encamp  - 
ments  were  uncommonly  beautiful  at  Night. 
A  small  Detachment  remained  at  the  Cross 
Roads  to  prevent  small  parties  of  the  Enemy 
crossing  a  Ford  there  and   interrupting  our  com- 


no        Lieut.  Haddefi's  yournal. 


munications  with  Fort    George,  Skeensborough 


He. 


The  Germans  remained  at  Fort  Anne. 


Monday,  August  4th  Capt  yones  came  up  with 
2 — 6  P'rs  &  Lieut  ReidS'i  He  joined  me  and 
took  command  of  the  whole.  On  the  day  fol- 
lowing 2 — 6  and  2 — 3  Pounders  were  sent  from 
us  to  Capt  Pauch  of  the  Germans,  his  Brigade 
then  consisting  of  4 — 6  and  4 — 3  P'rs,  Capt 
Jones's  of  4 — 6  Pounders  and  60  Artillery  Men. 
This  Proportion  allowed  a  Com'd  Officer  to  each 
2  guns,  and  i  Non-Com'd  OfFr  &  1 5  Men  to  each 
Gun,  a  much  greater  proportion  of  Men  than 
was  attached  to  any  other  Guns  in  that  Army, 
and  tho.  by  no  means  more  than  was  requisite 
greatly  exceeds  what  is  usualy  allowed. 

August  6th  The  German  Troops  marched 
from  Fort  Anne  and  encamped  at  the  Cross 
Roads  2  Mi'es  in  our  Rear. 

Saturday  -  ug't  9th  B.  Gen'l  Fraziers  Corps 
moved   forward  to  Fort  Miller,  or  rather  Duer's 


cf.  George  Reid  entered  the  iMili- 
tirjr  Academy  at  Woolwich  as  a  gen- 
tleman cadet  April  i,  1 77 1.  In  the 
svminer  of  1776,  while  still  a  cadet,  he 
mas  sent  out  to  Canada,  where  by  order 
of  Sept.  24th  ofth.it  year,  he  was  ap- 
pointed an  acting  zd  lieut.j  and  Feb. 
zi,  1777,  he  was  commissioned  as  a  2d 
liest.  in  the  Royal  Artillery.  He 
pjrtkipated  in  Burgoyne's  campaign,  on 
wbidt  be  was  attached  to  Capt.  Jones* 
company,  and  at  the  battle  of  Freeman's 
Farm  he  was  very  severely  engaged,  his 


captain  being  killed,  and  all  hii  company 
except  five,  being  either  killed  or 
wounded,  though  he  and  his  brother 
subaltern,  Lieut.  Hidden,  escaped  unhurt. 
He  was  included  in  jjurgoyne's  surrender 
and  signed  the  Cambridge  parole.  He 
must  hive  been  exchanged  in  1778,31 
his  name  appears  among  Sir  Henry 
Clinton's  artillery  officen  in  1779. 
He  was  promoted  to  a  first  lieutenancy 
July  7,  1779,  and  he  retired  on  a  pension 
of  51.  per  diem  Sept.  i,  1787.  [G.  U.: 
H.  I.  io:    D.  O.j 


Lieut,  Hadderis  JournaL        1 1 1 

House  immediately  opposite  (7  miles) ;  And  a 
Detachment  from  the  Army,  consisting  of  Reid- 
esel's  Dragoons,  150  Provincials,  100  Savages, 
and  a  part  of  Capt.  Frazer's  Rangers,  in  all  556, 
with  2-3  Pounders,  were  Detached  towards  Ben- 
nington under  the  Command  of  Lt.  Col. 
Baume  of  Reidesils  Dragoons. 

Copy  of  Gen'l  Burgoyne's  private  instructions 
to  Lt.  Col.  Baume.^''* 

"  Instructions  for  Lieut.  Col.  Baume. 

The  object  of  your  expedition  is,  to  try  the 
affection  of  the  Country ;  to  disconcert  the  coun- 
cils of  the  Enemy,  to  mount  the  Reidesils  Dra- 
goons, to  compleat  Peter  s  Corps  and  obtain 
large    supplies   of   Cattle,   Horses    &    Carriages. 

The  several  Corps  of  which  the  enclosed  is  a 
list,  are  to  form  your  Command.  The  Troops 
must  take  no  Tents  and  what  little  Baggage  is 
carried  by  officers  must  be  on  their  own  Bat- 
horses.  You  are  to  proceed  from  Batten  Kill  to 
ArlingtoHy  and  take  post  there  'till  the  Detach- 
er. Lieut. -Colonel  Fre.lericic  B^um,  inurtjily  wounded  at  Bennington,  August 
of  the  Dragoon  Regiment  of  Bruns-  17  177?)  wliere  he  died  two  days  after- 
wickers,  arrived  in  Canida  June  I,  1776,  wards,  and  was  buried  with  military 
with  the  first  division  ot  Germans  that  honors.  He  was  undoubtedly  a  brave 
came  over  that  year  to  re-inforce  Gen.  man  and  a  good  officer,  though  not  the 
Carleton  He  was  at  once  appointed  tvi  one  to  have  been  entrusted  with  the 
the  command  of  the  garrison  of  Quebec  command  of  such  an  expedition.  The 
consisting  of  Prince  Frederick's  Regiment  German  Gen.  Riedesel  writes — "All, 
and  his  own  dragoons,  which  latter  came  who  were  present,  testify  that  Baum  and 
to  America  without  horses  and  therefore  the  troops  did  well."  [K..  M.  113-131, 
served  as  dismounted   cavalry.      He  was     250,283,  284:   K    N    265.] 


112         Lieut,  Hadden*s  JournaU 


ment  of  Provincials  under  the  command  of 
Capt.  Sherwood  <'*  shall  join  you  from  the  South- 
ward. You  are  then  to  proceed  to  Manchester, 
where  you  will  again  take  post,  so  as  to  secure  the 
pass  of  the  Mountains  on  the  Road  from  Manches- 
ter to  Rockingham  ;  from  hence  you  will  detach 
the  Indians  and  light  Troops  to  the  Northward 
toward  Otter  Creek.  On  their  return  and  re- 
ceiving intelligence  that  no  Enemy  is  upon  the 
Connecticut  River,  you  will  proceed  by  the 
Road  over  the  mountains  to  Rockingham,  where 


ct.  Justin,  or,  as  sometimes  written, 
Justus  Sherwood,  of  New  Haven,  in  the 
Hampshire  Granis,  was  actively  engaged 
in  the  land  troubles  with  New  York 
growii.;^  out  of  adverse  patents  during  the 
few  yearj  immediately  preceding  the 
Revolutionary  war.  He  was  pro- 
prietor's clerk  of  New  Haven  from  the 
first  meeting  in  1774  until  late  in  1776, 
when  he  removed  to  Shaftesbury  on 
account  of  the  war.  He  was  then  an 
avowed  royalist  and  as  such  was  punished 
at  Bennington.  In  his  exasperation  he 
raised  a  company  of  loyalist:  for  Lieut. - 
Col.  John  Peters*  Battalion,  and  joined 
the  British  army  in  Canada.  Col. 
Thomas  Johnson,  of  Newbury,  compli- 
mented Capt.  Sherwood  for  humanity  to 
him  when  a  prisoner  in  Canada.  Capt. 
Sherwood  participated  throughout  Bur- 
goyne's  campaign,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  battle  of  Bennington.  Bur 
goyne,  in  the  State  of  the  Expedition, 
refers  to  the  "  distinguished  bravery"  of 
gome  of  the  Provincials  with  him, 
among  them  "  Capt.  Sherwood,  who  was 
forward  in  every  service  of  danger  to  the 
end  of  the  campaign."  Upon  Burgoyne's 
surrender  Capt.  Sherwood,  with  the 
other  provincials  in  that  army,  retired 
to  Canada.     This  officer   was   employed 


by  Gen  Haldimand,  who  succeeded  Sir 
Guy  Carleton  as  commander  in  chief  in 
Canada,  in  the  negotiations  with  Ver- 
mont in  1780-83;  ana  Capt.  Sherwood's 
letters  to  various  parties,  and  his  reports 
to  Gen.  Haldimand  while  conducting  hii 
delicate  duties  as  a  commissioner  in  the 
attempt  to  detach  Vermont  from  the 
other  colonics,  show  that  he  was  a  man 
of  superior  education.  When  several 
provincial  corps  were  consolidated  by 
Gen.  Haldimand  in  November,  1781, 
under  Maj.  Edward  Jessup,  Capt. 
Sherwood  became  the  senior  captain  of 
that  organization,  his  commission  dating 
from  Nov,  19th  in  that  year.  The 
various  warrants  for  the  payment  of 
money  to  Capt.  Sherwood  in  1781  and 
'8z  *'  on  account  of  Expresses  and  other 
Expenses  incurred  by  fitting  out  Scouts," 
and  as  "  Agent  for  carrying  on  Secret 
Service,"  to  be  found  in  the  Haldimand 
papers,  clearly  indicate  his  activity  and 
the  large  measure  of  confidence  reposed 
in  him  by  his  superiors.  Unfortunately 
we  have  not  been  able  to  trjce  this 
officer  after  the  termination  of  tlie  war, 
though  it  is  highly  probable  that  be 
settled  and  died  in  Canada.  [M.  L: 
M.  M:  B.  N:  F.  E.  180:  F.  F.  152: 
F.  G.  177,  407  :  F.  M.   81.] 


I 


Lieut,  Hadderi^s  Journal,         113 

you  will  take  post.  This  will  be  the  most  dis- 
tant part  of  the  expedition,  and  must  be  pro- 
ceeded upon  with  caution,  as  you  will  have  the 
defile  of  the  Mountains  behind  you,  which 
might  make  a  retreat  difficult.  You  must  there- 
fore endeavour  to  be  informed  of  the  force  of 
the  Enemies  Militia  in  the  neighbouring  Country; 
Should  you  find  it  may  with  prudence  be  effected, 
you  are  to  remain  there  while  the  Indians  & 
Light  Troops  are  detached  up  the  River ;  and 
you  are  afterwards  to  descend  the  River  to  Brat- 
tleborough  and  from  that  place  by  the  quickest 
march  you  are  to  return  by  the  great  road  to 
Albany.  During  your  whole  progress  your  de- 
tachments are  to  have  orders  to  bring  in  to  you 
all  horses  fit  to  mount  the  Dragoons  under  your 
command,  or  to  serve  as  bat-horses  ^^  for  the 
Troops,  together  with  as  many  Saddles  and 
bridles  as  can  be  found.  The  number  of  Horses 
requisite  besides  those  necessary  for  mounting  the 
Regiment  of  Dragoons  ought  to  be  Thirteen 
Hundred.  If  you  can  bring  more  for  the  use  of 
the  Army  it  will  be  so  much  the  better.  Your 
Parties  are  likewise  to  bring  in  Waggons  and 
other  convenient  carriages,  with  as  many  draft 

ct.     Bat,   in    French,    signifiei    pack  artillery,  bakery,  baggage,  etc.,  and  they 

saddle,  and  Bat-Horses,  or  Baw-Horses,  generally   wore  the    king's  livery  during 

are  baggage  horses  belonging  to  the  officers  their    service.     Men    who  were    excused 

when  on  actual  duty.  from    regimental    duty,   for    the  specific 

Bat-Men,  or  Baw-Men,  were  originally  purpose  of  attending  to  the  horses  belong- 

servants  hired  in  war  time  to  take  care  ing  to  their  officers,  were  called  Bat-Men., 

of  the  horses   belonging  to  the  train  of  [G.  N.] 

15 


1 


114        Lieut,  HaddetCs  JournaL 

Oxen  as  will  be  necessary  to  draw  them,  and  all 
Cattle  fit  for  slaughter,  milch  Cows  excepted, 
which  are  to  be  left  for  the  use  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants. Regular  receipts  in  the  form  hereto  sub- 
joined, are  to  be  given  in  all  places  where  any  of 
the  above  mentioned  articles  are  taken,  to  such 
persons  as  have  remain'd  in  their  habitations  and 
otherwise  complied  with  the  Terms  of  (Gen'l 
Burgoyne's)  ye  manifesto.  But  no  receipt  is  to 
be  given  to  such  as  are  known  to  be  acting  in 
the  service  of  the  Rebels.  As  you  will  have 
with  you  persons  perfectly  acquainted  with  the 
Country,  it  may  perhaps  be  advisable  to  tax  the 
several  districts  with  their  proportions  of  the 
several  articles,  and  limit  the  hours  of  delivery ; 
and  shou'd  you  find  it  necessary  to  move  before 
such  delivery  can  be  made,  hostages  of  the  most 
respectable  People  shou'd  be  taken  to  secure 
their  following  next  day.  All  possible  means  to 
be  used  to  prevent  plundering.  As  it  is  probable 
that  Capt.  Sherwood  who  is  already  detached  to 
the  Southward,  and  will  join  you  at  Arlington, 
will  drive  a  considerable  quantity  of  Cattle  and 
Horses  to  you  ;  you  will  therefore  send  in  those 
cattle  to  the  Army,  with  a  proper  detachment 
from  Peters  Corps  to  cover  them,  in  order  to  dir 
incumber  yourself,  but  you  must  always  keep  the 
Regiment  of  Dragoons  compact.  The  Dra- 
goons themselves  must  ride  and  take  care  of 
the  Horses  of  the    Regiment.      Those    Horses 


Lieut.  Hadden^s  JournaL        nc 

which  are  destined  for  the  use  of  the  Army 
must  be  tied  together  by  strings  of  Ten  each 
m  order  that  one  Man  may  lead  Ten  Horses. 
You  will  give  the  unarmed  Men  of  Peters 
Corps,  to  conduct  them,  and  the  Inhabitants 
whom  you  can  trust.  You  must  always 
take  your  Camps  in  a  good  Position,  but  at  the 
same  time  where  there  is  good  pasture ;  and  you 
must  havea  chain  of  Centinels  around  your  Cattle 
when  graizing. 

Con  Skeene  will  be  with  you  as  much  as  pos- 
sible in  order  to  assist  you  with  his  advice  to 
help  you  to  distinguish  the  good  Subjects  from 
the  bad,  to  procure  the  best  intelligence  of  the 
h,nemy,  and  choose  those  people  who  are  to 
bring  me  the  accounts  of  your  progress  and  suc- 
cess. 

When  you  find  it  necessary  to  halt  for  a  day 
or  two,  you  must  always  entrench  the  Camp  of 
the   Regiment  of  Dragoons,   in   order   never  to 
risque  an  attack  or  affront  from  the  Enemy      As 
you  will  return  with  the  Regiment  of  Dragoons 
mounted,  you  must  always  have  a  detachment  of 
Capt.   Frazers  or  Peter's  Corps  in  front   of  the 
Regiment  of  Dragoons,  in  order  to  prevent  your 
tailing  into  an  ambuscade  when  you  march  thro 
the  woods      You  will  use  all  possible  means  to 
make  the  Country  believe  that  the  Troops  under 
your  command  are  the  advanced   Corps  of  the 


ii6        Lieut,  HadderCs  yournaL 

Army,  and  that  it  is  intended  to  pass  to  Con- 
necticut on  the  Road  to  Boston.  You  will  like- 
wise insinuate  that  the  main  Army  from  Albany 
is  to  be  joined  at  Springfield  by  a  Corps  of  Troops 
from  Rhode  Island. 

It  is  highly  probable  that  the  Corps  under  Mr 
Warner,  <^**  now  supposed  to  be  at  Manchester, 
will  retreat  before  y^u ;  but  should  they  con- 
trary to  expectation  be  able  to  collect  in  great 
force,  and  post  themselves  advantageously  it  is 
left  to  your  discretion  to  attack  them  or  not, 
always  bearing  in  mind  that  your  Corps  is  too 
valuable,  to  let  any  considerable  loss  be  hazarded  on 
the  occasion.  Should  any  Corps  be  moved  from 
Mr.  Arnold's  <^^  main  Army  in  order  to  interrupt 
your  Retreat,  you  are  to  take  as  strong  a  Post  as 
the  Country  will  afford  and  send  the  quickest 
intelligence  to  me,  and  you  may  depend  on  my 
making  such  movements  as  shall  put  the  Enemy 
between  two  fires,  or  otherwise  effectually  sustain 
you. 

It  is  imagined  the  progress  of  this  expedition 
may  be  executed  in  about  a  fortnight ;  but  every 
movement  of  it  must  depend  on  your  success  in 
obtaining  such  supplies  of  Provisions  as  will 
enable  you  to  subsist  for  your  return  to  this 
Army  in  case  you  can  get  no  more ;  and  should 

cv.     The  person  alluded  to  in  the  text 
cu.    Col.  Seth  Warner  ii  the  person     is    Benedict   Arnold,    then  a   brigadier 
alluded  to  in  the  text.  general  on  the  American  side. 


Lieut,  Hadden's  Journai         i\n 

not  the  Army  be  able  to  reach  Albany  before 
your  expedition  shou'd  be  completed,  I  will  find 
means  to  send  you  notice  of  it,  and  give  your 
Route  another  direction. 

All  persons  acting  in  Committees,  or  any  Offi- 
cers under  the  direction  of  the  Congress,  either 
civil  or  Military,  are  to  be  made  Prisoners. 

I  heartily  wish  you  success,  and  have  the  honor 
to  be.  Sir  Your  most  obed't 

Extract  from  a  Rebel  |  humble  Serv't 

News  Paper—         |  John  Burgoyne 

Lieuft  Getil 

Sunday  August  ioth-77.  The  53rd  Reg't  were 
order'd  back  to  Garrison  Tyconderoga,  The  6 2d 
Reg't  being  to  join  the  Detachment  under  Lt.  Col. 
Anstruther  at  Fort  George.  The  Army  there- 
fore is  now  diminish'd  i  British  and  i  German 
Battalion,  left  at  Tyconderoga  and  Mount  Inde- 
pendence, as  also  nearly  a  Company  of  Artillery. 
Brigadier  Gen'i  Powel  returns  to  command  at 
these  Posts. 

August  13th  Gen'l  Orders.  The  Army 
marches  to-morrow  by  the  right  in  one  Column 
to  Fort  Miller. 

Aug't  14th  The  Army  marched  to  Duers 
House  (usualy  called  Fort  Miller  in  Gen'l 
Orders)  and  encamped  on  the  adjacent  heights : 
Brig'r  Gen'l   Frazer  moved  yesterday  to  Batten 


Be 


ii8         Lieut,  HadderCs  yournaL 

Kill.  There  is  little  worth  remarking  here,  ex- 
cept that  Mr  Duer^  married  to  one  of  Lord 
Sterling's  Daughters  is  building  a  very  good 
House,  and  being  with  Congress  Gen'l  Burgoyne 
has  made  it  his  head  Quarters. 

Aug't  15th  an  express  arrived  to  acquaint 
Gen'l  Burgoyne  that  Lt.  Col.  Baume  was  at- 
tacked near  Bennington  about  25  Miles  from 
hence,  and  had  taken  Post  to  act  as  occasion 
might  require,  the  Enemy  being  superior  in 
Numbers.  The  Reserve  to  the  advanced  Corps 
consisting  of  the  German  Grenadiers  &  Chas- 
seurs, about  7  or  800  Men,  with  two  6  Pounders 
were  order'd  to  march  and  support  him  under  the 
command  of  Lt.  Col.  Brymen. 

Aug't  1 6th  Lt.  Col.  Baume  was  attacked, 
defeated,  and  taken,  owing  to  the  tardiness 
of  Lt.  Co'i.  Brymen,  who  did  not  march  a 
Mile  an  hour  to  his  support ;  Lt.  Col. 
Brymen  was  afterwards  attacked  on  his 
march,  in  which  action  he  lost  his  Cannon. 
Brig'r  Gen'l  Frazer  proposed  for  the  advanced 
Corps  to  sustain  Baume  in    place  of  the   Corps 

cv).    Wm.  Duer  married  Catherine  the  this  country,  but  from   a  necessity  that 

youngest  of  Lord  Stirling's  two  daugh-  results  from   the  particular  state  of  his 

ters.     July  27,    1775,  he  was  appointed  private  affairs. ' 

deputy    adjutant-general    of   the   Conti-  He  held  various  civil  offices  at  different 

nental  Army,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  times,  and  an  interesting  sketch  of  him 

but   a   committee  of  Congress   reported  is  to  be  found  in  Jones's  History  of  New 

August  23,    1775,  that    he   ought   to  be  York  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  Vol. 

allowed    to    decline    the    appointment,  2,  587,  De   Lancey's  note    xlvii.     ['£. 

though  satisfied  "his  so  declining  pro-  I39>  548.] 
ceeds  not  from  any  motive  unfriendly  to 


Lieut »  Hadden*s  yournaU        119 

under  Brymen^  this  was  rejected  because  the  ad- 
vanced Corps  was  too  considerable  to  be  risqued 
and  the  loss's  which  followed  were  the  conse- 
quences of  this  refusal. 

Aug't  17th.  Early  this  morning  the  Army 
marched  to  Batten  Kill  to  cover  the  retreat  of 
Lt.  Col.  Brymen's  Corps :  About  Noon  they 
returned  across  the  Ford  over  the  Creek,  and  in 
the  evening  we  returned  to  our  old  encamp- 
ment at  Duers  House,  when  the  following  Gen'l 
Order   was  given  out. 

"  It  was  endeavoured  amongst  other  objects  by 
the  late  expedition  which  marched  to  .the  left 
to  supply  such  a  supply  of  Cattle  as  might  have 
enabled  the  Army  to  proceed  without  waiting 
the  arrival  of  the  Magazines.  That  attempt 
having  failed  of  success  thro,  the  chances  of  War, 
the  Troops  must  necessarily  halt  some  days,  for 
bringing  forward  the  Transport  of  Provisions, 
and  the  several  Corps  will  employ  that  time  to 
collect  their  Sick  and  convalescents,  and  such 
other  scatter'd  parties  as  are  merely  on  Regi- 
mental duties." 

Aug't  24th  A  deserter  Shot,  and  a  reward  of  a 
Hundred  Dollars  ofFer'd  for  the  discovery  of  any 
Emmissary  of  the  Enemy  enticing  Men  to  desert. 

August  the  26th  Gen'l  Orders. 


I20       .  Lieut,  Hadden's  Journal, 

"  The  Lieut't  General  having  received  the 
report  from  Lt.  Col.  Brymen  (commanding  the 
German  reserve)  relative  to  the  affair  of  St. 
Coicks  Mills  (near  Bennington)  and  also  having 
obtained  every  collateral  information  possible, 
thinks  it  justice  to  declare  publickly  that  he  has 
no  reason  to  be  dissatisfied  with  the  personal 
spirit,  of  the  Officers  or  Troops  in  the  action, 
that  on  the  contrary  the  Officers  who  com- 
manded the  different  Corps  acted  with  intre- 
pidity. The  failure  of  the  enterprize  seems  to 
have  been  owing  in  the  first  instance  to  the 
credulity  of  those  ^^  who  managed  the  depart- 
ment of  intelligence,  suffer'd  great  numbers  of 
the  Rebel  Soldiers  to  pass  and  repass  and  per- 
haps count  the  numbers  of  the  Detachment,  and 
upon  an  ill  founded  confidence  induced  Lieut. 
Col.  Baume  to  advance  too  far  to  have  a  secure 
retreat.  The  next  cause  was  the  slow  move- 
ment of  Lt.  Col.  Brymens  Corps  which  from 
bad  weather,  bad  Roads,  tired  Horses,  and  other 
impediments  stated  by  Lt.  Col.  Brymen,  cou'd  not 
reach  Twenty  four  Miles  from  Eight  in  the 
morning  of  the  1 5th,  to  four  in  the  afternoon  of 
the  1 6th,  the  succour  therefore  arrived  too  late. 
The  failure  of  ammunition  in  the  management 
of  which  there  appears  to  have  been  improvi- 
dence, was  another  misfortune.  The  rest  seem'd 
common    accidents   of    War    upon    the   whole 

ex.     Lieut  Col.  Skeene.     [HaJJen's  I^ote.] 


Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL        121 

the  Enemy  have  severely  felt  their  little  success, 
and  there  is  no  circumstance  to  affect  the  Army 
with  further  regret  or  melancholy  than  that 
which  arises  from  the  loss  of  some  Gallant  Men, 
but  let  the  Affair  of  the  Mills  at  St  Coick  <"y  re- 
main henceforward  as  a  lesson  against  the  impo- 
sitions of  a  treacherous  Enemy  (many  of  whom 
in  the  very  hour  of  swearing  allegiance  to  the 
King,  fought  against  his  Troops)  and  against  ex- 
pending ammunition  too  fast  by  which  conquer- 
ing Troops  were  obliged  to  retire  with  loss. 
The  reflection  upon  this  affair  will  moreover 
excite  alertness  and  exertion  in  every  Corps 
marching  for  the  support  of  another,  by  shewing 
in  whatever  degree  these  qualities  may  be 
possess'd  by  the  commanding  Officers  (and  they 
are  not  doubted  in  the  present  instance)  yet 
unless  they  are  general,  common  accidents  may 
become  fatal  and  the  loss  of  Two  hours  may 
decide  the  turn  of  an  enterprize,  and  it  might 
happen  in  some  cases  the  fate  of  a  Campaign.*' 

Brigadier  Gen'l  Stark,  who  commanded  the 
Rebels  in  the  above  Action  gave  the  following 
account  of  it,  and  which  was  thus  publish'd  in 
their  News  Papers,  viz 

"  Extract  of  a  Letter  from  Brig'r  General 
Stark,  to  the  Council  of  the  State  of  New 
Hampshire,  dated  Bennington  i8th  August 
1777.— 

cy.  Where  the  action  happened,  near  Bennington.     [HadJen't  Note.] 
16 


"■'"""—-'•"■"- 


122        Lieut,  HadderCs  journal. 


"  I  congratulate  you  on  the  late  success  of  your 
Troops  under  my  command,  by  express  I  pro- 
pose to  give  you  a  brief  account  of  my  proceed- 
ings since  I  wrote  to  you  last. 

I  left  Manchester  on  the  8th  inst,  and  arrived 
here  the  9th,  the  13th,  I  was  informed  that  a 
party  of  Indians  were  at  Cambridge,  which  is 
twelve  Miles  distant  from  this  place,  on  their 
march   hither.     I  detached  Col'l    Gregg, ^^^  with 


c%.  Lieat.-Colonel  William  Gregg 
wat  a  grancUon  of  Capt.  Jamei  Gregg, 
who  was  born  in  Ayrshire,  Scotland, 
married  Jane  Cargil,  embarked  with  hit 
ftmily  for  America  in  1718,  landed  at 
Cape  Elizabeth,  spent  the  winter  there, 
and  wat  afterwards  one  of  the  first  sixteen 
settlers  of  Londonderry,  N.  H.  William 
Gregg  was  the  fourth  ion  of  Capt.  John 
Gregg  (the  second  son  of  Capt.  James 
-Gregg),  by  Agiies  Rankin,  his  wife,  and 
was  born  at  Londonderry,  Oct.  21,  1730.' 
*'  Col.  Gregg,"  says  Farmer  and  Moore's 
Historical  Collections,  toI.  3,  p.  311, 
'*at  the  commencement  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  commanded  a  company 
of  minute  men  in  the  town  of  London- 
derry, which  he  marched  to  the  relief  of 
his  countrymen  in  Boston,  early  in  the 
year  1775;  and  tarried  there  till  more 
urgent  rails  required  his  presence  at  home, 
as  muster-master  for  his  regiment,  and  a 
member  of  the  committee  of  safety. 

"  The  ensuing  year  he  was  commis- 
■ioned  by  the  Council  of  the  State,  to 
be  Major  in  the  first  regiment  of  militia 
raised  in  New  Hampshire,  to  recruit  the 
army  at  New  York,  where  he  performed 
various  laborious  services,  and  suffered 
numerous  privations  and  hardships.  In 
the  year  1777,  Col.  Gregg  and  James 
Betton,  Esq.,  were  appointed  agents  to 
proceed  to  the  seat  of  government,  then 
at  Baltimore,  where  they  obtained  and 


brought  to  the  New  England  states,  «p. 
wards  of  $1,100,000,  for  the  porpose  of 
prosecuting  the  war.  After  making  dis- 
bursements to  Gen.  Clinton  in  New 
York,  and  at  Hartfcrd,  Conn.,  be  re- 
turned to  Boston,  and  from  thence  to  his 
native  state,  where  he  received  the  thanks 
of  the  Legislature  for  his  services. 

"  In  the  same  year  he  sustained  a  com- 
mission of  Lieut.- Colonel  in  the  briga4le 
commanded  by  the  intrepid  and  immortal 
Stark,  a  id  commanded  the  van-guard  in 
the  mei  orable  battle  of  Bennington, 
where  he  was  honored  by  the  confidence 
and  approbation  of  that  dbnnfoished 
officer. 

"  At  the  close  of  the  war  be  retired 
to  his  farm,  and  emploved  himself  in  the 
delightful  pursuits  of  husbandry,  till 
within  a  few  years  of  his  death.  He 
deceased  at  Londonderry,  on  the  1 6th 
September,  1824,  at  the  age  oi  93. 

"  The  leading  feature  in  the  character 
of  Col.  Gregg  was  perseverance.  What- 
ever he  undertook,  he  saw  accotnpiithcd. 
In  the  prime  of  life,  his  industry  and 
resolution  in  the  discharge  oi  bis  affairs 
was  unrivalled.  Those  who  were  in  bis 
employ,  partook  of  the  same  spirit,  for 
he  went  forward  and  cheered  them,  10 
the  midst  of  severe  toil,  with  talcs  of 
'  high  em  prize '  and  pleadng  anecdote. 
He  inherited  the  spirit  oi  hospitality,  fat 
which  the  emigrants  of  Ireland  have  long 


Lieut.  HadderCs  yournal.         123 

200  Men  under  his  command,  to  stop  their  march. 
In  the  evening  I  had  information  by  express,  that 
there  was  a  large  body  of  the  Enemy  on  their 
way,  with  their  field  Pieces,  in  order  to  march 
thro,  the  country,  commanded  by  Governor 
Skeene.  The  14th  I  marched  with  my  Brigade, 
and  a  few  of  this  State's  Militia  to  oppose  them, 
and  to  cover  Greggs  retreat,  who  found  himself 
unable  to  withstand  their  superior  number; 
about  four  miles  from  this  Town  I  accordingly 
met  him  on  his  return,  and  the  Enemy  close  in 
pursuit  of  him,  within  half  a  Mile  of  his  rear, 
but  when  they  discover'd  me,  they  presently 
halted  on  a  very  advantageous  piece  of  ground ; 
I  drew  up  my  little  Army  on  an  eminence,  in 
open  view  of  their  encampment  but  could  not 
bring  them  to  an  engagement ;  I  marched  back 
about  a  Mile  and  there  encamped.  I  sent  out  a 
few  Men  to  Skirmish  with  them,  killed  thirty  of 
them  and  two  Indian  Chiefs.  The  15th  it 
rained  all  day;  I  sent  out  parties  to  harrass  them. 
The  1 6th  I  was  joined  by  this  State's  Militia, 
and  those  of  Berkshire  County.  I  divided  my 
Army  into  three  divisions,  and  sent  Colo'l 
Nicholas ''"  with  250  men  on  the  rear  of  their 

been  signalized.      His  home  w.is  alw.iys  the    good    he    had    done    his    country." 

the  resting  place  of  the  weary,  and  none  [»  B.  I.,  516,  517.] 

left  it  without  feasting   on  the    bounties 

of  his    board.       Youth    and    age    were  da.     The  following  notice  of  Colonel 

deliglued   in    his  company,  and    his   hos-  (afterwards  General)  Nichols  is  taken  from 

pitality  gained  him   numerous  friends,  in  an  Historical  Sketch  of  Amherst,  Hilli- 

addition  to  those  who  esteemed   him  for  borough  Co.,  New  Hampshire,  by  John 


124        Lieut.  HadderCs  ^Journal, 


left  Wing,  Col.  Henrick,  ^^  in  the  rear  of  their 
Right  with  300  men,  order'd  when  joined  to 
attack  the   same.     In  the  meantime  I  sent  300 


Freeman.  *'  On  the  23d  of  May,  1790, 
died  the  Hon.  Moses  Nichols  of  Am- 
betst,  N.  H.  He  wai  a  native  of  Read- 
ing, Mattachusetts.  He  had  serveJ.  Hit 
itowa«mea  in  the  capacity  of  delegate  to 
tliie  Convention  which  assembled  in  1778 
Um  forming  a  pernaanent  plan,  or  system 
of  ^oTcmment,  on  certain  established 
pr.  -,"-le»,  and  a  representative  to  the 
gcne.^  court  three  years.  Ardently 
attacbci  to  the  principles  of  liberty,  he 
took  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  revolution 
which  established  our  independence.  He 
WMapp<Mnted  Colonel  of  the  Sixth  Regi- 
ment of  militia  6tb  December,  1776,  and 
commanded  a  regiment  under  Gen. 
Stark,  and  was  in  the  engagement  at 
Bcnniogtun. 

**  Betide  hit  military  services,  he  was 
mehil  at  a  physician  in  this  place,  where 
be  practised  many  years.  He  was 
register  of  deeda  for  the  county  of  Hills- 
boroagh,  from  1776  to  his  death.  This 
office  with  many  others  oi  trust  and  re- 
sponsibility, it  is  believed,  he  discharged 
with  fidelity 

"Gen.  Nichols  left  nine  children: 
Hannah,  Moses,  Joseph,  Elizabeth, 
Eaton,  Perkins,  Mary,  Pearson  and 
Cbaritj.  Mote*  is  a  physician  and  re- 
■det  [1837]  in  Sherbrooke,  Lower 
Canada."'  One  of  Gen.  Stark's  letters 
to  Pietident  Weare,  of  New  Hampshire, 
shows  that  Gen.  Nichols  was  in  service 
if  arch  18,  1 78 1.*  ['I.  0.97.  «L.  F. 
zio.J 

ib.  Col.  Simuel  Herrick,  not  Hen- 
rick at  Madden  has  it,  is  the  person 
referred  to  in  the  text.  He  went 
to  Bennington,  in  that  state,  about  the 
y^ar  17^8,  and  resided  about  two  miles 
west  ai  the  meeting  house,  but  left  the 
town  and  state  saan  after  the  close  of  the 


Revolutionary  war,  removing  to  Spring- 
field, Montgomery  Co.,  New  York  ;  and 
nothing  is  known  of  his  previous  or  sub- 
sequent life.  Early  in  1775  he  was  a 
captain,  and  to  him  was  entrusted  the 
duty  of  arresting  Major  Skene,  the 
younger,  which  constituted  a  part  of  the 
expedition  against  Ticonderoga  and  Crown 
Point  under  Ethan  Allen  and  Seth 
Warner.  Accordingly  on  the  9th  of 
May,  1775,  Capt.  Herrick,  with  30  men, 
proceeded  to  Skenesborough  and  took 
Skene  the  younger,  his  aunt,  two  sisters, 
and  a  man  named  Brook,  prisoners,  and 
seized  a  schooner  and  several  batteaux, 
which  were  sent  to  Ticonderoga. 

"  Major  Skene's  estate,"  wrote  Capt. 
Elisba  Phelps,  commissary  of  the  expedi- 
tion, to  the  Connecticut  General  Assem- 
bly, "  we  have  put  into  the  care  oi  Capt. 
Noah  Lee,  a  man  of  good  character  and 
capable  of  taking  care  of  the  business 
well.  The  people  on  the  grants  are  in 
much  distress  for  want  of  provisions. 
The  iron  work  mutt  be  carried  0.1  for 
the  benefit  of  the  people  here,  but  it 
would  not  do  by  no  means  to  have  .Mr. 
Brooks  stay  here,  as  he  was  looked  upon 
to  be  a  bigger  enemy  to  his  country  than 
Major  Skene,  and  'tis  an  easy  matter  to 
send  an  Indian  to  Canada,  and  inform 
them  on  all  schemes  and  plans.  One 
enemy  in  the  city  is  worse  than  ten  out- 
side." July  15,  1777,  the  Vermont 
Council  of  Safety  commissioned  him 
"  Lieuten.int  Colonel  Commandant  of  a 
Regiment  of  Rangers  Raised  within  this 
State  for  the  Immediate  defence  thereof, 
and  to  be  under  the  Special  direction  of 
this  Council  or  the  Commander  in  Chief  of 
the  Army  Commanding  the  department 
on  the  East  side  of  the  Hudson's  River." 
and  his  commission  remained  in  force  till 
the  first  day  of  the  next   January.     He 


Lieut,  Hadden  s  JournaL         125 

men  to  oppose  the  enemies   front  to  draw  their 
attention   that   way  ;  soon    after   I  detached    the 


took  an  active  part  in  the  atfair  at  Ben- 
nington, and  Gordon,  in  his  history,  in 
giving  an  account  of  the  action,  speaks 
of '  the  superior  military  skill '  oi  Colonels 
Warner  and  Herrick  at  being  of  great 
service  to  Gen.  Stark.  Col.  Herrick 
with  his  rangers  in  conjunction  witii  Col. 
John  Brown  of  PittsAeld,  made  an 
attempt  in  September,  1777,  to  cut  Bur- 
goyne's  communication  with  Canada. 
Though  the  attack  on  Diamond  Island 
in  Lake  George,  and  on  the  main  works 
■t  Ticonderoga,  failed  of  success,  yet  they 
captured  some  minor  posts  as  well  as 
some  of  the  outworks  of  Ticonderoga, 
took  293  prisoners,  including  eleven 
officers,  a  quantity  of  provisions,  and  a 
number  of  arms,  and  released  100  Amer- 
icans who  had  been  made  prisoners  at  the 
battle  of  Hubbardton.  The  Council  re- 
turned Col.  Herrick  and  his  corps  "sin- 
cere thanks  "  for  their  spirited  conduct 
in  this  enterprise,  and,  on  Nov.  aoth. 
Col.  Herrick  received  this  appreciative 
letter : 

"  In  Council,  Bennington, 

20th  Nov.^  ^111- 
"  Dka*  Col'o  :  In  consequence  of  your 
Letter  of  the  14th  Inst.,  requesting  to  be 
removed  to  this  or  some  place  Nigh  this, 
the  Council  immediately  Sent  an  Express 
to  General  Gates  with  a  Copy  of  your 
Letter,  as  also  a  Copy  of  Gen.  Powels 
Letter  to  you,  it  your  answer.  The  ex- 
press has  this  moment  Returned.  In- 
closed you  have  a  Copy  of  the  General's 
letter,  which  I  think  does  you  and  the 
State  of  Vermont  great  honor,  &  by 
which  you  will  find  the  General's  appro 
bation  on  your  Regiments  being  Dis- 
missed. The  Council  therefore  order 
that  your  Regiment  be  Dismissed  imme- 
diately as  soon  as  this  Comes  to  hand 
unless  it  will  be  a  means  of  Frustrating 
some  plans  which  you  have  in  prosecu- 
tion.    You  will  be  able  to  judge  in  that 


affair.  I  am  directed  by  Council  to 
return  you  and  the  Regiment  under  your 
Command,  both  officers  &  soldiers,  their 
Hearty  thanks  for  their  good  services  to 
this  &  the  United  States.  The  Council  is 
also  requested  by  the  Hon'ble  Major 
General  Gates  to  return  you  his  thanks 
for  the  good  services  of  your  Regiment, 
which  you  will  see  by  his  Letter  inclosed. 
I  am  Sir.  sincerely 

your  Humble  Servant, 
by  order  of  Counsel, 
Colo.  Herrick.    Josefh  Fay,  Sec'y." 

Gen.  Gates's  epistle,  referred  to  in  the 
above  letter,  elicited  this  response  from 
Col.  Herrick. 

"  Pawlet,  November  a7th,  1777. 

"  Dear  General  :  The  Honour  you 
have  been  pleased  to  confer  on  the  State 
of  Vermoni,  and  the  Troops  under  my 
Command  which  were  raited  by  authority 
of  that  State,  in  giving  your  approbation 
and  applause  to  the  service  performed  by 
them,  not  only  compensates  for  the 
fatigues  and  Injuries  we  have  sustained, 
but  call  upon  me  for  returns  of  Gratitude. 
Such  unexpected  Tokens  of  your  gene- 
rosity, I  consider  as  an  Earnest  to  Engage 
us  with  double  Zeal  and  faithfulness  at 
any  future  Period  in  the  Service  for  the 
Interest  of  the  free  and  Independent 
States  of  America.  Be  pleased  Sir,  to  ex- 
cept of  my  Humble  and  Harty  Thanks, 
accompanied  with  those  of  the  officers 
and  soldiers  of  my  regiment,  for  the 
Honour  conferred  on  us  by  your  applause 
and  approbation  of  our  Services.  Heartily 
Wishing  that  you  may  Live  Long  a  re- 
warder  of  Merrit,  and  Whilst  you 
continue  Commander  in  Chief  in  the 
Northern  department,  may  you  never 
want  faithfull  Men  to  assist  your  Military 
Opperations  nor  Good  Soldiers  to  fight 
Victorious  Battles  with  you,  and  when 
satisfied  with  the  thanks.  Good   wishes, 


126       Lieut,  HadderCs  'Journal, 

Colonels  Hubbard  ^^^  and  Stickney  ^^  on  their 
Right  Wing  with  200  Men  to  attack  that  part ; 
all  which  plans  had  their  desired  effect.  Col 
Nichols   sent  me    word    that   he  stood   in    need 


and  acclamations  of  Thousands,  whu 
calls  you  friend,  Benefactor  and  Saviour 
of  this  Country,  may  succeeding  endless 
Ages  proclaim  your  Virtues,  and  your 
unparalld  Actions  fill  the  splendid  Pages 
of  American  Annals  with  unfading  Glory 
and  Lustre. 

I  have  the  Honour  to  be  Dear  General 
Your  honour's  most 

Obedient   Hum'le  Ser't 

Sam'l  Herrick. 
The  Hon'ble  Maj.  Gen'l  Gates." 

It  was  proposed  to  send  an  expedition 
to  Canada  in  the  spring  of  1778,  and  as 
early  as  in  January  of  that  year  recruiting 
for  it  commenced,  but  the  expedition 
being  speedily  abandoned,  the  recruiting 
ceased.  Lieut. -Colonel  Herrick,  how- 
ever, became  colonel  of  the  Second  Regi- 
ment of  Vermont  Militia  in  the  spring 
of  1778,  after  which  date  no  further 
notice  of  him  has  been  found.  [M  L. 
13s,  i6o,  176,  185,  198,  an,  259: 
G.  B.  29s  :  C.  M.  170,  176  :   D.  R.] 

dc.  Col.  David  Hobait,  and  not 
Hubb-^rd  as  Hadden  has  it,  is  the  person 
referred  to  in  the  text. 

The  following  is  borrowed  from  a  foot 
note  to  p.  320,  vol.  11,  of  the  report  of 
the  Adjutant  General  of  New  Hamp- 
shire for  1866. 

Col.  David  Hobart  was  of  Plymouth, 
and  had  command  of  "the  nth  regi- 
ment of  N.  H.  militia."  He  was  ori- 
ginally from  HoUis,  and  moved  to  Ply- 
mouth under  the  patronage  of  Samuel 
Cummings  Esq.,  of  Hullis,  who  was  a 
large  proprietor  in  the  township  of  Ply- 
mouth. Col.  Hobart  fought  with  great 
bravery  in  the  battle  of  Bennington,  and 
eceived  due  credit  from  his  general  on 


that  occasion.  He,  with  Col.  Stickney, 
led  the  detachment  against  the  tory  breast 
work  where  there  was  the  most  desperate 
fighting.  The  Tories  expected  no  quarter, 
and  gave  none  —  fighting  to  the  last  like 
tigers.  They  were  completely  sur- 
rounded within  their  fortifications,  and 
the  work  of  death  was  finished  with 
bayonets  and  clubbed  muskets.  Hobart 
and  Stickney  saw  the  work  thoroughly 
done.  Stark  had  ordered  the  men,  as 
thry  passsed  through  a  field  of  corn,  to 
put  a  husk  of  corn  in  each  one's  hat. 
This  precaution  was  a  great  benefit.  As 
the  Tories  were  dressed  like  themselves, 
in  their  'working  clothes,'  the  corn 
husks,  under  the  hat  band,  served  to 
distinguish  friends  from  foes,  and  a  man 
without  a  husk  in  his  hat  was  31  re  to  be 
visited  by  a  bayonet  or  the  breech  of  a 
musket. 

After  the  war  was  over,  Col.  Ho- 
bart, having  lost  his  wife,  married  a 
widow  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  and  moved 
to  that  town  where  he  died  soon  after. 
This  fact  accounts  for  the  mystery  that 
has  existed  as  to  him.  Gen.  Stark,  in 
his  report,  called  him  Col.  Hubbard,  and 
Dr.  Belknap  and  other  historians  have 
followed  his  error.  Living  and  dying 
out  of  the  state,  there  was  little  chance 
of  correcting  the  error,  and  not  until 
lately,  did  any  one  know  who  was  Col. 
Huhbard,  tiiat  led  in  the  att.  V  upon 
the  Tory  breastwork  at  Bcnning',  n. 

dJ.  Tiionias  Stickney  was  the  eldest 
son  of  Jeremiah  Stickney  by  i^lizabeth, 
his  wife,  and  was  burn  in  Bradford, 
Massachusetts,  probably  about  the  year 
1729,  as  it  is  known  that  his  next  younger 
brother  was  born  April  24,  1 731.  When 
Thomas   was    about    two    years  old    his 


Lieut,  HaddetCs  JournaL         127 


of  a  reinforcement,  which  I  readily  granted, 
consisting  of  100  Men  at  which  time  he  com- 
menced the  attack  precisely  at  3  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  which  was  followed  by  all  the  rest. 
I  pushed  forward  the  remainder  with  all  speed. 


father  remo\*d  with  hii  family  to  Pena- 
cook,  New  Hampshire,  which,  in  the 
latter  part  of  1733-4,  was  incorporated  ai 
the  township  of  Kumford,  and  in  1765, 
became  the  parish,  and  lubaequently  the 
town,  and  then  the  city  of  Concord. 
Jeremiah  Stickney,  the  father,  wai  a 
Taluable  citifen,  and  held  many  offices, 
both  civil  and  military,  until  his  death  in 
1763.  As  early  as  January  1731-3,  he 
is  referred  to  as  ensign,  in  1746,  as 
lieut.,  and  in  1761  as  Col.  Jeremiah 
Stickney.  In  that  fi-ontier  settlement  in 
those  early  days  Indian  depredations  were 
frequent,  and  the  first  mention  found 
of  Thomas  Stickney  is  in  1746,  when 
by  the  "  committee  of  militia  fni  set- 
tling the  Garrisons  in  the  frontier  Towns 
and  Plantations  in  the  Sixth  Regiment 
of  Militia  in  this  Province,"  (New 
Hampshire),  he  was  "  ordered  and 
stated"  to  "the  Garrison  round  the 
house  of  Lieut.  Jeremiah  Stickney,"  his 
father.  His  brother  William  was  cap- 
tured by  tlie  Indians  in  1746,  and  after 
a  year's  captivity,  was  drowned  while 
making  his  escape. 

Between  1767  and  1797,  Thomas 
Stickney  was  rarely  without  a  town  office 
of  some  sort,  for  he  held  all  kinds  and 
descriptions  from  Moderator  to  Ho^reeve, 
and  frequently  several  at  a  time  ;  thus, 
in  177 1,  he  was  aTythingman,  a  Fence- 
vjewtr,  and  a  Hogreeve;  in  1774,  a  Se- 
lectmen, a  Tytliingman,  and  a  Surveyor 
of  Highways;  and  in  1777,  Moderator, 
Representative  to  the  General  Assembly, 
and  a  member  oi  the  Committee  of 
Safety.  He  seems  likewise  to  have  been 
active  in  the  militia,  as  he  is  referred  to  in 
1767, as  lieut.,  in  1770  as  captain,  and  in 


1774,  as  Col.  Thomas  Stickney.  Jan. 
20,  1774,  he  was  commissioned  as  lieut  - 
colonel  of  the  ijth  Regiment  of  New 
Hampshire  militia,  the  colonel  being 
Andrew  McMillan.  The  militia  offi- 
cer of  that  day  must  have  presented  a 
striking  appearance  according  to  the  fol- 
lowing order  prescribing  the  uniform  of 
the  15th  New  Hampshire,  viz  : — "The 
officers  to  wear  red  coats,  cuft'd,  lin'd, 
and  lapel'd  with  sky-blue.  Sky-blue 
waistcoats  and  breeches,  all  trim'd  with 
white.  Black  hats  with  silver  hat-bands, 
button  and  loops,  without  lace.  White 
stockings,  cockade,  sash  and  white  gor- 
gets. Swords  with  silver  hilts.  Captains 
and  Lieutenants  to  carry  fusees.  Field 
officers  to  wear  silver  shoulder  knots. 
"  By  order  of  His  Excellency, 
'*  John  Wentworth,  EsQ;, 

*■  Captain-General. 
"  February  15,  1 774. 

"  The  exercise  or  discipline  ordered  to 
be  observed  and  practised  in  this  regi- 
ment is  that  composed  for  the  use  of  and 
practised  by  the  Militia  of  the  County 
of  Norfolk,  in  Great  Britain. 
"  By  order  of  His  Excellency,"  &c. 

The  fact  that  Col.  Stickney  was  upon 
the  committee  of  safety  for  several  years 
and  commanded  a  militia  regiment, 
proves  that  he  was  an  active  patriot  in 
the  Revolution.'  He  signed  himself 
in  a  communication  to  the  New  Hamp- 
shire committee  of  safety  dated  Aug.  28, 
1776,  "Colonel  of  the  13th  Regiment 
of  the  Colony  of  New  Hampshire,*"  but 
the  next  year,  according  to  the  Report 
of  the  Adjutant  General  of  New  Hamp- 
shire for  1866,  Tol.  1,  page  3SI,  note,  he 
commanded     "the    nth     regiment    of 


128         Lieut »  Hadden's  yournaL 

Our  People  behaved  with  the  greatest  spirit  and 
bravery  immaginable ;  had  they  been  Alexanders 
or  Charleses  of  Sweden,  they  cou'd  not  have 
behaved  better  ;  the  Action  lasted  two  Hours 
at  the  expiration  of  which  time  we  forced  their 
Breast-work  at  the  muzzles  of  their  Guns,  took 
two  Pieces  of  Brass  Cannon,  with  a  nujiiber  of 
Prisoners ;  but    before    I  cou'd    get    them    into 


militia.*'  He  did  good  service  under 
Stark  at  the  battle  of  Bennington,  where 
his  regiment  with  Col.  Hobart's  at- 
tacked and  carried  the  tory  redoubt.3 

Much  has  been  written  by  American 
writers  about  the  cruelty  of  American 
loyalists  to  their  patriot  neighbors,  but 
less  stress  has  usually  been  laid,  by  such 
writers,  upon  the  cruelty  of  American 
patriots  to  their  loyalist  neighbors. 
Caleb  Stark  in  his  Memoir  and  Official 
Correspondence  of  Gen.  John  Stark,  in 
speaking  of  the  prisoners  taken  at  Ben- 
nington, says, — "  The  Hessians  and  Eng 
lish  were  treated  as  prisoners  of  war, 
and  marched  from  the  field  in  their 
ranks  ;  but  the  tories,  152  in  number, 
were  tied  in  pairs ;  to  each  pair  a  horse 
was  attached  by  traces  with,  in  some 
cases,  a  negro,  for  his  rider ;  they  were 
led  away  amid  the  jeers  and  scold's  of  the 
Tictors — the  good  house-wives  of  Ben- 
nington taking  down  beds  to  furnish 
cords  for  the  occasion.  Many  of  their 
neighbours  had  gone  over  to  the  enemy 
the  day  before  the  battle."  [p.  63.]  In 
the  same  volume  a  soldier  ot  Col.  Stick- 
ney's  regiment  describes  the  battle  of 
Bennington,  and  among  other  things, 
says,  "  One  tory,  with  his  left  eye  shot 
out,  was  led  in,  mounted  on  a  horse, 
who  had  also  lost  his  left  eye.  It  seems 
to  me  cruel  now — it  did  not  then." 
[p.  69].  The  Council  of  Bennington  in 
Jan.  1778,  devised  a  punishment  for 
tories  that  possessed  more  ingenuity  than 
humanity.       The    Council's    order    pro- 


ceeds as  follows  : — "  Let  the  overseer  of 
the  tories  detach  ten  of  them,  with 
proper  officers  to  take  the  charge,  and 
march  them  in  two  distinct  files  from 
this  place  through  the  Green  Moun- 
tains, for  breaking  a  path  through  the 
snow.  Let  each  man  be  provided  with 
three  days  provisions  ;  let  them  march 
and  tread  the  snow  in  said  road  of  suita- 
ble width  for  a  sleigh  and  span  of  horses  ; 
order  them  to  return,  marching  in 
the  samr  manner,  with  all  convenient 
speed.  Let  them  march  at  6  o'clock  to- 
morrow morning."  [Idem,  p.  63, 
note.] 

Col.  Stickney  lived  and  died  in  Con- 
cord, his  death  occurring  Jan.  26,  1809. 
He  married  Anna  Osgood,  by  whom  he 
had  eight  children,  the  eldest  having 
been  born  Dec.  7,  1753;  and  some  of 
his  descendants  still  survive.  Col.  Stick- 
ney was  manifestly  one  of  the  richest 
residents  in  the  town  in  1778,  as  the 
town  rates  fur  that  year  show  that  but 
three  individuals  and  two  Arms  paid 
more  tax  than  he.  The  old  Stickney 
mansion,  which  was  built  b^  Col.  Jere- 
miah Stickney,  the  father  of  Col.  Thomas 
Stickney,  and  was  formerly  a  garrison- 
house,  is  still  standing  in  Concord. 
From  time  to  time  it  has  been  enlarged 
and  modified,  but  it  still  retains  its 
venerable  appearance,  and  it  hat  been 
occupied  from  the  beginning  down  to  the 
present  day  by  successive  generations  of 
the  Stickney  family.i  ['B.  F.  '1,1205. 
31.  N.  321,  note.] 


Lieut,  Hadden's  yournal,         129 

proper  form,  I  received  intelligence,  that  there 
was  a  large  reinforcement  within  two  Miles  of 
us  on  their  march,  which  occasioned  us  to  renew 
our  attack ;  but  luckily  for  us  Col.  Warners 
Regiment  came  up  which  put  a  stop  to  their 
Career.  We  soon  rallied  and  in  a  few  minutes 
the  Action  began  very  warm  and  desperate, 
which  lasted  'till  night ;  we  used  their  own 
Cannon  against  them,  which  proved  of  great 
Service  to  us.  At  Sunset  we  obliged  them  to 
retreat  a  second  time,  we  then  pursued  'till 
dark,  when  I  was  obliged  to  halt  for  fear  of 
killing  my  own  Men  ;  we  took  two  Pieces 
more  of  their  Cannon,  together  with  all  their 
Baggage,  a  number  of  Horses,  Carriages,  &c, 
killed  upwards  of  200  of  the  Enemy  on  the  Field 
of  Battle  ;  the  number  of  the  wounded  is  not  yet 
known,  as  they  are  scatter'd  about  in  many 
places. 

I  have  I  Lieut.  Col'l  since  dead,  i  Major,  7 
Captains,  14  Lieut'ts,  4  Ensigns  or  Cornets,  i 
Judge  Advocate,  i  Baron,  2  Canadian  Officers 
6  Sergean  .  i  Aid  de  Camp,  i  Hessian  Chaplain 
3  Hessian  Surgeons  and  700  Prisoners.  I  en- 
close you  a  copy  of  Gen'l  Burgoyne's  instructions 
to  Col.  Baume,  who  commanded  the  detach- 
ment that  engaged  us ;  our  wounded  are  42, 
10  Privates  and  four  Officers  belonging  to  my 
Brigade  are  dead  ;  The  dead  and  wounded  of 
the  other  Corps  I  do  not  know,  as  they  have  not 

17 


130         Lieut,  Hadden*s  Journal, 

brought  in  their   return  as  yet,    I  am    Gentle- 
men with  the  greatest  regard  and  respect, 
Your  most  obedient  humble  serv't 

John  Stark 
Brigadier  Gen'l. 

P.  S.  I  think  we  have  returned  the  Enemy  a 
proper  compliment  in  the  above  action  for  the 
Hubbartown  engagement." 

Extract  from  a  Rebel  paper — the  above  being 
with  Baume's  instructions  published  by  order. 
The  following  Resolve  may  serve  to  show  the 
situation  of  the  Gen'ls  wardrobe  and  what  the 
General  Assembly  thought  a  proper  reward  for 
Victory.     Extracted  as  above. 

"  The  following  Letter  to  the  Honorable 
Brigadier  Gen'i  Starks,  and  Resolve  passed  the 
General  Assembly  of  this  State  (New  Hampshire) 
on  Friday  last. 

Sir, 

The  General  Assembly  of  this  State,  take  the 
earliest  opportunity  to  acknowledge  the  receipt 
of  your  acceptable  present — The  tokens  of  victory 
gained  at  the  Memorable  Battle  of  Bennington. 
The  events  of  that  day  strongly  mark  the  bravery 
of  the  Men,  who,  unskilled  in  War,  forced  from 
their  intrenchments,  a  chosen  number  of  Veteran 
Troops,  of  boasted  Britons ;  as  well  as  the  address 
&    valour  of  the    General,  who  directed    their 


Lieut,  Hadden's  Journal,         131 

movements  and  led  them  on  to  conquest.  This 
signal  exploit  open'd  the  way  to  a  rapid  suc- 
cession of  advantages  most  important  to  America. 
These  trophies  shall  be  safely  deposited  in  the 
archives  of  the  State,  and  there  remind  posterity, 
of  the  ir  resist  able  power  of  the  God  of  Armies  ^ 
and  the  honors  due  to  the  memory  of  the  Brave. 
Still  attended  with  like  successes  may  you  long 
enjoy  the  just  reward  of  your  grateful  Country. 

Resolved  unanimously,  that  the  Board  of  War 
of  this  State,  be,  and  hereby  are  directed  in  the 
'  name  of  this  Court,  to  present  to  the  Honorable 
Brigadier  General  Starks,  a  compleat  suit  of 
Clothes  becoming  his  Rank,  together  with  a 
piece  of  Linnen  ;  As  a  Testimony  of  the  high 
sense  this  Court  have  of  the  great  and  important 
Services  render'd  by  that  brave  Officer,  to  the 
United  States  of  America. 

Finis 

It  was  remarked  upon  the  above  reward  That 
either  the  General  was  Stark  naked  or  Congress 
stark  mad. 

J.  H. 

From  everything  the  Army  could  learn,  the 
plan  of  operations  for  this  expedition  was  in- 
finitely too  large  for  its  numbers,  and  it  might 
have  been  known  that  the  Inhabitants  were  in 
general  unfriendly.     The  meeting  Gen'l    Stark 


132         Lieut,  Hadden's  yournal, 

was  accidental,  he  being  on  his  way  to  join  their 
main  Army  near  Albany. 

As  for  Col.  Skeene,  with  the  best  intentions 
in  the  world,  he  was  a  famous  marplot, 
and  Ministry  were  highly  culpable  in  recom- 
mending him  to  the  confidence  of  Gen'l 
Burgoyne  which  I  hear  is  the  case.     He  acted 

like  a showing  his  powers  to  every  Man 

who  pretended  to  be  friendly,  among  which 
number  were  many  of  the  Rebel  Soldiers,  who 
to  remove  doubts  took  the  Oath's  of  allegiance 
and  were  told  to  wear  White  Papers  in  their 
Hats,  that,  being  the  distinguishing  mark  of 
Friends,  to  crown  the  folly  of  this  farce  they 
were  permitted  immediately  to  return,  in  fact, 
to  join  their  respective  Corps  in  the  Rebel 
Army. 

The  trusting  so  important  an  affair  to  a  Man 
who  cou'd  not  utter  one  word  of  English  when 
"  insinuations "  were  required  and  address  ex- 
pected certainly  can  hardly  be  palliated  by  the 
jealous}  of  Gen'l  Reidesil  from  a  wish  to  employ 
the  Germans  on  some  important  enterprize. '^^ 
Because  the  Regiment  of  Dragoons  were  to  be 
mounted  surely  it  was  no  reason  they  shou'd 
be  detached  with  Swords  weighing  at  least  10  or 

de.     This   statement  is  utterly  incon-  that  the  British    sought  to  cast  as  much 

tistent  with  Gen.  Riedesel's  to  be  found  responsibility  for  the  Bennington   failure 

in  vol.  I,  of  his  Memoirs,  Letters    and  upon  the    Germans  as  possible,  and  not 

Tournali;  and  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  always  with  strict  justice. 


Lieut.  Hadden's  JournaL        133 


12  Pounds,  particularly  as  Dragoons  cannot  be 
expected  to  march  or  manouvre  well  on  Foot 
and  be  expert  at  Treeing  or  Bush  fighting,  a 
task  the  British  Light  Infantry  of  this  Army  are 
not  fully  equal  to.  Tho.  Col.  Baume  (as  might 
be  expected  from  a  good  Officer  in  his  own  line 
of  Service)  took  an  advantageous  post,  he  ex- 
tended his  front  too  much  (occupying  above  \  a 
Mile)  and  thus  weaken'd  the  whole ;  He  had 
an  English  Engineer  with  him  Lieut  D — ^f 
who  very  judiciously  threw  up  his  works  on  the 
side  of  the  Hill  and  the  Enemy  coming  in  his 
Rear  of  course  soon  made  an  attack  in  front 
certain  of  success. 

The  day  of  the  Action  (very  unfortunately  for 
himself  &  Party)  a  half  Pay  Captain  in  the 
British  Army  with  90  Men  on  their  way  to  the 
Army  met  with  Lt.  Col.  Baume  and  remain'd 
with  him,  these  unfortunate  Men  made  a 
noble  resistance  from  behind  a  Stone  Fence,  but 
overpower'd    by   numbers    their    leader,  whose 


df.  Andrew  Durnford,  whom  Had- 
den  refer*  to  in  the  text,  entered  the 
corps  of  Royal  Engineers  July  28,  1769, 
as  a  practitioner  engineer  and  ensign, 
and  was  promoted  to  be  a  sub-engineer 
and  lieutenant  March  6,  1775.'  He 
was  onz  of  the  engineers  on  Burgoyne's 
expedition,  and  accompanied  Baum  to 
Bennington  where  he  was  taken  pris- 
oner.' One  of  the  maps  in  Burgoyne's 
State  of  the  Expedition  was  drawn  by 
this  officer,  and  is  entitled  "  Position  of 
the  Detachment  under  Lieut.-Col.  Baum, 
at  Walnnscock  near  Bennington.    Shew- 


ing the  Attacks  of  the  Enemy  on  the 
i6th  of  August,  1777.  Drawn  by 
Lieut.  Durnford,  Engineer."  Fro-n 
1779  to  1782  he  was  an  assistant  deputy 
quarter-master-general,  at  first  in  New 
York,  and  afterwards  in  Georgia. 3  He 
became  a  captain-lieutenant  and  captain 
in  the  Engineers  Oct.  i,  1784;  a  major 
in  the  army  May  6,  1795  ;  and  his 
name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the 
hat  time  in  i799.«  [  '  B  H.  »K,.  M. 
255  :  D.  R.  3D.  P:  H.  B;  G.  S. 
4S7-] 


\..% 


134-        Lieut,  Hadden's  yournal. 

name  was  Depeyster  ^9  and  most  of  the  Party 
fell ;  of  those  who  escaped  the  first  onset  and 
were  taken  many  were  killed  in  Cool  blood  or 
otherwise  treated  with  the  utmost  cruelty  :  this 
at  once  held  forth  a  shocking  example  and 
deterr'd  any  others  of  our  friends  from  join- 
ing us. 

It  does  not  appear  that  the  Dragoons  made 
any  violent  efforts,  the  Indians  to  a  Man,  and 
most  of  the  Canadians  Ran  away  at  first  and  got 
safe  in  to  us.     Luke  Le  Corn  <'^^  and  his  Son  in 


dg.  No  officer  named  Depeyster  be- 
ing known  to  have  participated  in  the 
battle  ot  Bennington  it  is  believed  that 
Hadden  confounded  the  name  with  that 
of  Pbister,  as  an  half-pay  officer  of  this 
latter  name  joined  Baum  very  much  as 
he  attributes  to  "  Depeyster."  Francis 
Phister,  or  Pfiiter,  as  he  is  called 
in  the  earlier  Army  Lists,  entered  the 
6oth,  or  Royal  American  Reg't  of  Foot, 
as  an  ensign  Sept.  15,  1758,  and  was 
promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  Sept.  18, 
1760.  Although  his  name  does  not  ap 
pear  on  the  half  pay  list  prior  to  1773, 
yet  he  undoubtedly  went  upon  half-pay 
and  returned  to  active  service,  or  else  he 
IcMt  prioriiy  in  regimental  rank  for  some 
unexplained  reason,  as  in  later  Army  Lists 
his  regimental  rank  in  the  60th  is  given 
as  Oct.  9,  1767,  with  army  rank  from 
Sept.  18,  1760,  the  date  of  his  original 
regimental  commission  in  that  grade. 
He  was  present  March  11,  1768,  at  a 
council  with  the  Six  Nations,Coghnawaga 
Confederacy  and  the  Cherokee  deputies, 
held  in  the  cojncil  room  at  Johnson 
Hall;  and  in  1773,  ^^  exchanged  on  to 
the  half-pay  of  Capt.  Joseph  Hopkins' 
Independent  Company  of  Rangers,  his 
name  appearing   on    that   list  as  late  as 


1783,  some  half  dozen  years  after  his 
death.  Upon  retiring  from  active  mili- 
tary service  he  settled  about  half  a  mile 
west  from  Hoosick  four  corners,  Ver- 
mont. In  the  early  part  of  1776  there 
seemed  to  have  been  some  doubt  which 
side  he  would  espouse,  as  Gen.  Schuyler 
was  then  expecting  to  obtain  his  services 
for  the  Americans,  as  appears  from  that 
officer's  letter  to  the  President  of  Con- 
gress dated  Albany,  Feb.  20,  1776,  and 
which  contains  this  language  ; — "  I  find 
that  Mr.  Phister,  whom  I  mentioned  at 
an  Engineer,  cannot  be  procured.  What 
shall  we  do  for  proper  persons  to  fill  that 
branch }"  Burgoyne's  successes  decided 
Phister's  course,  however,  and  he  com- 
manded a  party  of  tories  in  the  battle  of 
Bennington,  where  he  was  mortally 
wounded.  Hon.  L.  B.  Armstrong  of 
Dorset,  Vt.,  has  this  officer's  commission 
as  a  lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Americans, 
dated  Sept.  18,  1760,  his  draughting  in- 
struments, and  a  beautifully  drawn  map 
of  the  route  from  St.  John's  via  Lake 
George  and  the  Hudson,  to  New  York 
city.  [M.  N.  154,  158,  186:  M.  L. 
176:  F.  1215:  B.  H:   I,  R.  51.] 

dh.     See  appendix  17. 


Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL         135 


Law  M.  Lenodter^  '^»  the  former  Commanding 
the  Indians  (famous  for  his  cruehies  to  the 
English  Prisoners  during  the  last  War)  and  the 
latter  the  Canadians  were  among  the  first  who 
got  in,  and  scarce  making  a  stop  at  the  Army 
their  panic  made  them  proceed  to  Canada,  where 
they  were  followed  by  most  of  the  Indians  : 
Had  Gen'l  Burgoyne  known  of  this,  further 
flight  he  declared  he  wou'd  have  secured  the 
Heroes  as  Deserters ;  in  Canada  they  were  out 
of  his  power  and  cou'd  tell  their  own  Story. 


A  di.  Charles  Louis  Tarieu  de  Lanaudiere 
ii  the  persun  alluded  to  by  Hadden  in 
the  text  as  M.  Lenodier.  He  was  de- 
scended from  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
distinguished  families  of  the  Canadian 
noblesse.  His  great-grandfather,  who 
originally  belonged  in  Guienne,  in  France, 
went  to  Canada  towards  the  middle  of 
the  17th  century  as  an  officer  in  the 
Regiment  de  Carignan,  and  settled 
there.  His  father  was  a  military  officer, 
became  aide  major  of  Quebec,  and  served 
against  the  English  at  the  battle  before 
Ticondtroga  July  8,  1758,  and  in  the 
campaign  of  1759;  receiving  as  a  reward 
the  cross  of  the  Royal  and  Military 
Order  of  St.  Louis.  Charles  Louis 
Tarieu  de  Lanaudiere,  the  only  child 
that  attained  majority,  of  Charles  Fran- 
cois Xavier  Tarieu  de  Lanaudiere  by  his 
first  wife,  Genevieve  Deschamp  de  Bois- 
hebert,  was  born  October  15,  1743. 
Following  in  the  footsteps  of  his  ancestry 
he  embraced  a  military  life  and  very 
early  entered  the  Regiment  de  la  Sarre, 
in  which  he  was  a  lieutenant  and  aide 
major  at  the  battle  of  St.  Foy,  April  28, 
1760,  where  he  was  severely  wounded. 
When  Canada  became  a  British  pos- 
session  Lanaudiere,  with  his  father, 
paued  OYcr  into  France ;  but,  resigning 


his  commission  in  the  French  army,  ha 
returned  to  Canada  in  1763,  and  became 
a  British  subject.  He  visited  Europe 
more  than  once,  and  after  the  conquest 
resided  sometime  in  EnglaTtd  where  he 
entered  the  most  aristocratic  society  and 
spent  his  money  like  a  lord  among  the 
British  noblemen,  so  that  his  father 
laid, —  Should  I  put  my  son  in  one  scale 
and  the  gold  that  he  has  cost  me  before 
receiving  his  portion,  in  the  other,  the 
latter  would  much  outweigh  him.  He 
married  Elizabeth  de  Chapt  de  la  Corne, 
daughter  of  La  Corne  St.  Luc,  at  Mon- 
treal, April  10,  1769.  At  the  outbreak 
of  hostilities  between  Great  Britain  and 
her  American  colonies,  he  sided  with 
the  former,  and,  on  the  invasion  of 
Canada,  he  took  an  active  part  in  in- 
citing the  Canadians  to  arms  and  in  re- 
pelling the  invaders.  When  in  No- 
vember, 1775,  it  became  apparent  that 
Montreal  must  fall  into  Montgomery's 
hands,  Lanaudiere,  who  was  one  of  Gen. 
Carleton's  aids,  accompanied  his  chief  on 
the  flight  to  Quebec ;  and  during  the 
siege  of  the  latter  city  he  was  inde- 
fatigable in  aiding  in  its  defence.  His 
zeal  in  this  behalf  is  well  illustrated  by 
one  of  his  letters  to  the  Canadian  captains 
of  militia  written  January  4th,  1776,  in 


136        Lieut,  HadderCs  journal. 


A  report  is  current  in  the  Army  that  an  old 
picque  between  Brymen  &c  Baume  might  oc- 
casion his  tardiness,  as  he  was  heard  to  say  "  We 
will  let  them  get  warm  before  we  reach  them," 
when  he  heard  the  firing  :  It  seems  to  have  been 
reserved  for  him  to  give  the  last  blow,  as,  to  lay 
the  fault  wholly  on  his  Shoulders  wou'd  certainly 
be  unjust  when  almost  every  person  concerned 
seems  to  have  had  a  principal  share  in  the 
disaster.  It  is  also  said  &  the  Gen'l  Orders 
seem  to  countenance  such  a  report,  that,  the 
Support  grumbling,  induced  Lt.  Col.  Brymen  to 
wait  unnecessarily  for  them  to  Cook  their  Kettles. 
Had    they    arrived  in    time    it  is    probable  the 


which  he  refers  to  Montgomery's  un- 
luccesiful  assault  in  this  wise  :  "  We  have 
drubbed  the  Rebels.  We  have  taken 
seven  hundred  killed,  wounded  and  pris- 
oners, and  their  General,  Montgomery. 
It  remains  with  you  to  completely  diuc 
away  our  enemies.  We  fear  nothing 
here,  and  will  soon  give  you  proofs, 
my  dear  (ellow  i-itizens.  Signalize  your- 
selves  to  retrieve  the  honour  of  the 
Canadians,  and  to  gain  every  happiness 
to  your  Parish.  The  others  will  all 
follow  your  example.  Two  hundred 
men  will  destroy  the  remains  of  these 
miserable  wretche.",  for  you  will  raise  all 
the  other  Parishes  coming  down." 

In  1777  M.  Lanaudiere  accompanied 
his  father  in  law,  La  Corne  St.  Luc, 
with  a  mixed  band  of  Indians  and  Can- 
adians, upon  Burgoyne's  expedition  ;  but 
he  seems  not  to  have  taken  a  very 
prominent  parr  in  that  campaign,  and 
he  returned  to  Canada  before  the  ca- 
pitulation was  consummated.  According 
to  Mr.  Le    Moine,  he    accompanied  Sir 


Guy  Carleton  to  England  in  1778,  where 
Geur^-?  Ill  rewarded  him  handsomely, 
as  he  was  cilled  to  the  Legislative  Coun- 
cil of  Quebec  and  appointed  deputy  post 
master  general  of  Canada.  When  it 
was  proposed  to  change  the  old  French 
tenure  ul  land  in  Canada,  Lanaudiere,  as 
a  representative  of  one  ot  the  oldest 
seignories,  cook  an  active  part  in  the 
discussions  attending  that  reform.  He 
seems  by  some  to  have  been  conf-iundei 
with  his  father,  and  different  u liters  as- 
sign different  offices  to  him.  Having 
lived  much  in  England  he  spoke  English 
fiuently,  and  his  relatives  called  him  tke 
Englhhman,  as  he  possessed  the  colder, 
less  demonstrative  manners  than  the 
French,  that  marked  the  English  gentle- 
man. He  died  in  the  Autumn  of  igii, 
leaving  one  daughter  that  never  married. 
[L.  O  :  F.  T.  511-544:  A.  Y.  129, 
299.  305.  3°6,  4«4:  D.  0^40-4*,  9a- 
99:  G.  Y.  Y.  106:  A.  G.  170,  i-i,  17a, 
176:  H.  S.  284:  I.  E.  77:  F.  854, 
855.] 


Lieut,  H addends  yournaL         137 


Enemy  wou'd  have  retired,  but  being  attacked 
severally  the  Enemy  only  fought  about  half  their 
own  numbers  and  Night  preserved  the  Rein- 
forcement from  Baume's  fate. 

Wednesday  Aug't  27th  Gen'l  Burgoyne  gave 
orders  against  employing  the  Kings  Horses  or 
Carriages  without  being  authorised  an  Officer 
disobeying  these  orders  to  be  Cashiered,  a  Con- 
ductor or  Camp  Follower  to  be  tried  by  a  Camp 
Court  Martial. 

N.  B.  I  forgot  to  mention  that,  on  or  about 
the  14th  August  a  Bridge  made  of  JLo^j  chain'd 
together  was  completed  by  Capt  Laws  (Capt  of 
Artificers), '(^  and  the  advanced  Corps  passed  over 


d}.  George  Law,  or  Lawes,  entered 
the  British  army  Nov.  z2,  1756,  as  a 
2d  lieut.  in  the  6 lit  Foot,  which,  in 
1759,  formed  part  of  the  expedition 
against  the  French  West  India  Islands. 
Dec.  1 3th,  in  that  year,  he  was  promoted 
to  bt  1st  lieut.  in  the  76th  Foot,  which 
lerved  in  the  expedition  against  Belleisle, 
on  the  coast  of  France,  in  1761,  and 
against  Martinico  in  1762,  when  he 
obtained  a  company.  He  was  afterwards 
stationed  in  one  of  the  Leeward  Islands 
until  the  peace  of  1763,  when  his  regi- 
ment W.1S  disbanded  and  he  went  upon 
half-pay,  where  he  remained  for  about 
five  years,  his  name  appearing  for  the 
last  time  on  the  half  pay  uf  the  76th,  in 
1768.' 

He  probably  emigrated  to  Canada  prior 
to  the  American  Revolution,  as  in  a 
letter  from  Gen.  Carleton  to  Gen.  Howe 
dated  at  Quebec,  Jan,  12,  1776,  the 
writer,  in  speaking  of  Arnold't  attack  on 
that  part  of  the  lower  town  called  the 

18 


Saut  au  Matelot,  in  Montgomery's  as- 
sault on  Quebec,  Dec.  31,  1775,  says, — 
"  A  sally  from  the  upper  town,  under 
Capt.  Laws,  attacked  their  rear,  and  sent 
in  many  prisoners."'  It  should  be  borne 
in  mind  that  during  the  American  inva- 
sion of  Canada,  Gen.  Carleton  was  in 
such  sore  straits  for  troops  he  pressed 
every  one  capable  of  bearing  arms  into 
the  service ;  hence  an  old  retired  officer, 
under  such  circumstances,  would  loom 
into  prominence.  We  likewise  find 
other  mention  of  Capt.  Lawes  about  this 
time.  The  following  extract  from  "  A 
journal  of  the  Principal  Occurences  during 
the  siege  of  Quebec  by  the  American 
Revolutionists,"  edited  by  W.  T.  Shortt 
of  H.  B.  M.  17th  Foot,  gives  us  quite  a 
glimpse  of  the  character  of  this  officer. 
The  Journal  speaks  of  the  officer  making 
the  sortie  ordered  by  Gen.  Carleton  to 
issue  from  the  Palace  Gate  during  the 
siege,  as  "Capt.  Lawes  of  the  Royal 
Engineers }"  but  there  was  no  officer  of 


138        Lieut,  H add  en's  Journal, 


it  across  the  Hudsons  River  to  Saratoga;  The 
swells  of  the  River  occasioned  by  the  heavy 
Rains  on  the  15th  made  it  break  in  the  middle 
ye  1 7th,  and  Aug't  1 8th,  the  Advanced  Corps  re- 
crossed  to  Batten  Kill,  the  Germans  fell  back  to 
Fort  Edward  and  the  communications  with  Fort 
George  and  Skeensborough  were  kept  up  as 
before  the  whole  were  prepared  to  move  forward 
previous  to  ye  Bennington  business. 


dot  name  in  the  Royal  Engineers  at  or 
afccwt  that  time,  nor  did  Capt.  George 
Lawes  eicr  belong  to  that  corps  :  the 
f£c£T  -neftrTcd  to,  howevr,  is  unques- 
tioiiably  the  subject  o\  this  sketch. 
"How  »e  were  conquerors  at  a  juncture 
whra  we  imagined  all  lost,"  says  the 
jovnaltst,  ^  and  at  a  time  when  we  so 
Ettk  expected  it,  you  will  now  be  in- 
fortDcd,  Tiz : — The  governor  being  ap- 
prised by  repeated  messengers,  some 
Tolnntary,  while  others  were  ordered  to 
cairy  him  intelligence  to  the  Cistle,  in 
rotatiaa  of  (^uty,  how  likely  th.;  lower 
was  tu  tall  into  the  hands  of  the 
Bjr,  they  having  lorced  our  outpost, 
and  nearly  gained  cur  last  barrier,  he,  in 
consequence  of  this,  with  the  greatest 
coolness,  ordered  an  immediate  sortie 
to  be  made  h-om  Palace  Gate  to  outflank 
them,  conducted  by  Captain  Lawes  of  the 
Royal  Engineers,  which  party  was 
csvcred  by  a  Captain  McDougal  of  the 
Royal  Emigrants,  and  this  body  had  no 
aooaer  gained  the  bottom  of  the  hill  than 
they  (^  in  with  the  rearguard  of  the 
enemy,  who  were  so  much  confounded 
at  so  anezpected  an  attack,  that  they 
immediately  threw  down  their  arms,  and 
■sbmitted  themselves  prisoners  without 
firing  a  shot.  Capt.  Lawes  kept  boldly 
advancing  (leaving  McDougal  to  dispose 
of  the  eaemy  who  had  fallen  into  his 
I  was  thought  proper)  and  toon 


gained  the  outpost  at  Saut  au  Matelot, 
which  he  entered  without  opposition, 
none  of  his  paity  having  as  yet  come  up, 
and  rushed  into  the  midst  of  the  rebels 
crying  out,  with  the  greatest  mng  froid^ 
'You  are  all  my  prisoners.'  If  the  rear 
party  which  consisted  of  upwards  of  300, 
were  astonished  at  being  made  prisoners 
so  unexpectedly,  you  may  well  conceive 
the  surprise  of  those  who  had  made 
themselves  masters  of  our  post  at  being 
addressed  in  such  language.  '  How,* 
said  they,  '  your  prisoners  !  you  are  ours.* 
'  No,  no,  my  dear  creatures,'  replied  he, 
'I  vow  to  God  >ouare  all  mine,  don't 
mistake  yourselves.'  'But  where  are 
your  men  .?'  '  O,  ho!'  says  he,  '  make 
yourselves  easy  about  that  matter,  they 
are  all  about  here,  and  will  be  with  you 
in  a  twinkling.'  Conversation  to  that 
purpose,  for  near  ten  minutes,  was  carried 
on,  during  which  period  a  proposal 
was  made  to  kill  him,  which  w.-.s 
overruled  ;  in  the  interim  his  party 
arrived,  made  themselves  masters  of  the 
post,  and  placing  the  enemy  between  two 
lires,  secured  it,  with  the  assistance  of 
Capt.  McDougal.  Thus  the  whole  body 
of  the  enemy  which  had  taken  possession 
of  the  Saut  au  Matelot  were  made 
prisoners.  In  this  manner  we  within 
the  town  were  released  from  impending 
ruin  through  this  unexpected  manouvre 
of  the  general,   by    which  means  their 


Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL        139 


Battmtn 

2 
I 
I 


Thursday  28th — Aug't  29th  The  following 
rcf^ulations  respecting  Servants  &c  were  given 
in  publick  Orders  (viz) 

Senrantt 

Field  Officers  i 

Captains  i 

Sub'ns  of  a  Company  (2)         2 

When  the  Men's  Tents  are  carried  upon  Batt- 
horses  a  Batt-Man  to  be  allowed  each  Company, 
the  Batt-men  to  be  always  armed  and  to  form 
the  Baggage  Guard. 

Aug't  30th — Gen'l  Burgoyne  order'd  a  publick 
Sale  of  the  Horses  brought  in  by  the  Inhabitants 


whole  party  wai  either  killed,  wounded 
or  taken  prisoners ;  among  the  former 
were  three  officers  and  fifty  privates ; 
forty  were  wounded."  For  his  brave  con- 
duct in  the  defence  of  Quebec,  Capt. 
Lawes  received  the  royal  approbation. 3 

He  probably  joined  a  provincial  corps 
in  1776,  as  he  was  appointed  an  assist- 
ant engineer  Sept.  14th,  in  that  year  ; 
and  in  1777,  he  was  commissioned  as  a 
captain  in  the  ist  Battalion  of  the  Royal 
Highland  Emigrants,  afterwards  the  84th 
Foot,  his  commission  bearing  date  June 
list.'  He  certainly  stood  high,  in 
Sir  Guy  Carleton's  opinion,  as  shown  by 
a  letter  from  one  of  his  staff  to  Major 
Kingston,  then  deputy-adjutant-general 
with  Burgoyne,  which  is  as  follows : 

"Quebec,  17th  August,  5777. 

"  The  general  has  lately  given  a  com- 
pany in  fhe  Emigrants  to  Capt.  Lieut. 
Law  serving  with  your  army,  and  if  his 
activity  should  be  so  much  taken  notice 
of  by  General  Burgoyne  (as  I  make  no 
doubt  it  will)  as  it  was  by  General  Carle- 
ton,  and  he  shoulr!  be  inclined  to  reward 
him   further  by  removing  him   into    an 


old  corps,  I  know  Sir  Guy  Carleton  if  it 
should  be  referred  to  him,  would  gladly 
concur  with  Gen'l  Burgoyne."* 

When  Capt.  Lawes  went  on  Bur- 
goyne's  expedition  in  1777,  and  served  as 
a  captain  of  artificers,  he  was  only  a  pro- 
vincial officer,  as  the  Emigrants^  after- 
wards the  84th,  had  not  then  been  put 
upon  the  regular  establishment.  H«  re- 
turned to  Canada  after  Burgoyne'i  dis- 
aster, and  was  appointed  Barrack-Master 
of  Montreal  and  Fort  Chambly  Nov. 
20th,  1777.*  He  is  mentioned  in  the 
Memoirs  of  Pierre  du  Calvet,  whom  he 
arrested  on  suspicion  of  treasonable  prac- 
tices in  1780.'  His  name  appears  in  tb 
Army  Lists  for  the  last  time  in  1782, 
and  he  is  supposed  to  have  died  in  the 
latter  part  of  that  year,  as  Lieut.  Laugh- 
Ian  Maclean  was  gazetted  captain  of  a 
company  in  the  84th,  vice  George 
Lawes,"  Jan.  3d,  1783',  and  Cape. 
Maclean's  commission  was  dated  Oct. 
17th,  1782  '  ['B.  H.  ^-F.  656.  3F, 
B.  188.  'F.  B.  671.  5F.  E.  88 
•B.  M    76.     'H.  Q.  25.] 


140        Lieut,  Hadden's  Journal. 


every  day,  and  forbid  any  being  bought  privately 
as  it  wou'd  prevent  a  general  supply. 

Sept.  2nd  General  Burgoyne  order'd  a  Corps  of 
Marksmen  to  be  formed,  consisting  of  i  Non- 
commission'd  Officer  &  16  Men  from  each  of  the 
Fiiie  British  Regiments :  they  are  to  be  robusty 
sober y  and  Men  of  good  characters.  Capt  Frazer 
is  to  command  them  and  they  are  to  act  with  the 
Savages. 

Sept.  3rd  The  Park  of  Artillery  ^^  came  up 
from  Fort  George  and  encamped  about  2 
Miles  in  our  Rear.  The  additional  Companies 
of  the  different  Regiments  joined  us  from  Canada 
these  were  about  300  Men.  An  attempt  was 
made  to  bring  one  of  the  Canadian  built  Gun 
Boats  from  Lake  George,  but  failed  of  success, 
the  Road  being  in  many  places  Hilly  &  Rocky. 
A  number  of  Batteaux's  were  brought  from  Fort 
Anne  to  Fort  Edward  &  there  launched  into  the 
Hudsons  River,  they  were  afterwards  taken  out 


Jk.  The  Park  of  Artillery  was  a  place 
selected  by  the  general  of  an  army  to 
/brm  the  grand  depot  of  gum,  ammuni- 
tion and  icorei,  to  be  in  readiness  as 
occasion  might  require.  Attached  to  the 
park  there  were  generally  as  many  officers 
and  men  of  the  Royal  Artillery  as  were 
sufficient  to  man  the  reserve  guns  in  the 
park,  and  to  replace  casualties  that  might 
happen  in  the  detached  guns  and  bri- 
gades. If  a  siege  was  to  be  undertaken  the 
number  of  oHicers  and  artillery  men  in 
the  park  had  of  course  to  be  augmented. 


The  reserve  officers,  drivers,  and  horses, 
the  principal  commissary  with  his  assist- 
ants, and  the  several  necessary  artificers 
were  also  stationed  there.  To  the  park 
all  the  brigades  and  field  pieces  detached 
with  the  army,  looked  for  their  resources  \ 
and  when  anything  was  requisite,  the  park 
was  the  place  whence  all  supplies  were 
forwarded.  The  reserve  ammunition  for 
the  troops  was  also  deposited  at  the  park 
of  artillery,  and  supplied  upon  requisi- 
tion under  the  orders  of  the  command- 
ing officer  of  artillery.     [O.  N.] 


Lieut,  HadderCs  Journal,         141 

near  Fort  Miller  on  account  of  some  shallows 
and  carried  2  or  300  yards  on  Rollers  pushed  by 
Fatigue  Parties  were  again  put  into  the  River. 

Sept.  5th  The  additional  Companies  wereorder'd 
to  fire  Ball  and  attend  drill  4  Hours  a  day.  The 
Regiments  to  collect  convalescents  and  settle 
their  Regimental  arrangements  so  that  the  Ranks 
may  be  as  strong  as  possible  the  next  march  of 
the  Army. 

Sept.  6th.  Gen'l  Orders. 

"  Ten  Men  from  the  Provincials  to  be  em- 
ployed as  Storekeepers  and  orderly  Men  to  the 
General  Hospital,  the  Surgeons  of  Reg'ts  to  send 
to  the  Gen'l  Hospital  a  return  of  the  number  of 
Sick  they  will  be  obliged  to  leave  on  the  Army's 
moving.  A  Surgeon  of  the  Hospital  will  reyiew 
the  Sick  upon  these  Returns,  in  order  to  know 
their  exact  state,  and  what  time  they  will  again 
be  fit  for  Service.  A  noncommiss'd  officer  to 
attend  the  reception  of  the  Sick  in  the  Gen'l 
Hospital,  who  is  to  deliver  to  the  Clerk  of  the 
Hospital  their  Arms,  accoutriments  &  necessaries 
for  which  he  is  to  receive  a  receipt  from  the 
Clerk,  who  will  preserve  a  list  in  his  Orderly 
Book.     Lt.  England  <^^  of  the  47th  Reg't  is  ap- 

■^    dl.      Poole    England    received    three  He  wai  with  hit  regiment  in  America  at 

commistions  in  the  British  army,  all  in  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution,  and 

the  47th  Foot,  and  dated  at  follows,  viz  ;  was    wounded    at  the   battle  of  Bunker 

ensign  Njv.   6,   1769;  lieutenant  April  Hill.'       He  crossed    Lake     Champlain 

<fi|  1773  i  ^■^^  captain  May  17,  1782.'  with  Burgoyne'i  expedition  in  1777,  and 


142        Lieut.  HadderCs  yournal. 


pointed  to  act  as  Fort  Major  at  Tyconderoga. 
The  Ammunition  to  be  immediately  completed 
to  the  original  order  of  100  Rounds  pr.  Man. 

Sept.  7th:  G.  Orders.  All  Prisoners,  except 
the  Military,  in  the  Provost  Guard  to  be  brought 
before  the  Board  of  Commissioners  ^»»  tomorrow 
morning  at  9  o'clock,  all  witnesses  to  attend. 

[Two  pages  left  blank  here  in  Lt.  Hadden's 
Journal.] 

Sept.  8th  :  G.  Orders.  "A  Gen'l  Court  Martial 
to  sit  tomorrow.  The  Army  to  receive  Provis- 
ions to  the  1 3th  Inst.  A  working  Party  of  50 
Men  to  parade  tomorrow  morning  at  6  o'clock 
to  repair  the  Roads  between  this  and  Fort 
Edward. 

Sept.  9th — The  Gen'l  Orders.  The  Commis- 
saries to  preserve  the  Salt  in  the  provision  Barrels. 
The  whole  to  march  from  hence  tomorrow 
morning.  The  General  to  beat  at  8  o'clock,  the 
Assembly  at  Nine.  The  Regiments  to  march 
by  their  Right,  the  Germans  to  furnish  rear 
Guards.  The  Baggage  and  B.  Horses  to  follow 
the  Line.  One  Serjeant  and  Twelve  Men  to 
be  furnished   for   a  Guard    to  the   Pay    Master 


was  appointed  to  act  as  Fort  Major  at 
Ticonderoga  Sept.  6,  1777.'  Where 
Lieut.  England  was  captured  has  not 
been  ascertained,  but  he  was  a  prisoner 
on  his  parole  at  Montreal  Oct.  29,  1777, 
at  which  time  negotiations  for  his  ex- 
change  were   in    progress.*     His    name 


appears    in  the  Army  Lists 
time   in    1783.I    ['B.   H. 
3E.  Z.    «D.  R.] 


for   the 
•M.  E. 


last 
47- 


dm.  Inhabitants  who  had  joined  us^ 
of  which  Col.  Skeene  wu  president. 
[HaddttTi  Note] 


Lieut.  HadderCs  JournaL        14.3 

General,  a  Serj't  and  twelve  Men  for  the  Hos- 
pital, who  are  also  to  give  every  assistance  in  the 
removal  of  the  Sick  and  Wounded.  The  Gen'l 
Court  Martial  is  dissolved." 

Brigade  Orders  by  B.  G'l  Hamilton. 

"The  Quarter  Masters  and  Camp  Coulour 
Men  <^^*  to  march  at  7  o'clock."  This  move- 
ment was  deferr'd. 

Sept.  loth.  Gen'l  Orders.  The  Regiments  will 
march  tomorrow  in  the  same  order  as  directed 
yesterday,  the  Gen'l  will  beat  tomorrow  morning 
at  8  o'clock  and  the  Assembly  at  Nine. 

Sept.  I  ith  The  Right  Wing  moved  forward  3 
Miles,  and  took  post  near  the  Cranes^  to  which 
place  the  Park  of  Artillery  had  been  advanced 
some  days  :  Here  also  about  5  Weeks  Provisions 
for  the  Army  was  collected,  having  been  for- 
warded from  ^ebec  upwards  of  four  hundred 
Miles  by  Land  or  water.  The  Batteaux's  in 
which  it  is  to  be  floated  down  the  River  were 
brought  the  like  distance. 

The  Left  or  German  Wing  extended  in  our 
Rear   as   far   as    Duers  House ;    The  Advanced 

dn.     Camp-Colouri  were  a  small  sort         Camp-Colour-men    were     men     who 

of  colours  placed  on  the  right  and  left  of  carried  the  camp-colours.     Each  regiment 

the  parade  of  the  regiment  when  in  the  had  generally  six,  and  sometimes  one  to 

field;  they  were  eighteen  inches  square,  each  company:  they  always  marched  with 

and  of  the  colour  of  the  facing    of  the  the  quarter-matter,  to  assist  in  making 

regiment,  with  the  number  of  the  regi-  the    necessary    preparations    against    the 

ment    upon  them.     The    poles   were  7  arrival   of  the  regiment    in  a  new   en- 

feet  6  inches   long,  except  those  of  the  campment.     [G.  N.] 
quarter  and  rear  guards,  which  were  9  feet. 


144         Lieut,  HadderCs  Journal, 

Corps  remained  in  their  post  at  Batten-Kill. 
Gen'l   Orders.     **The   Army  will   be   ready  to 

move  forward    tomorrow  morning .     '*  A 

fatigue  party  of  50  British  and  50  Germans  to 
parade  at  4  o'clock  to  load  Batteauxs.  They 
will  take  directions  from  Cap't  Schanks^'^  (of 
the  Navy)  and  work  'till  9  o'clock. 

Saturday  Sept.  1 3th  :  The  Advanced  Corps  and 
Right  Wing  of  the  Army,  with  all  the  Artillery 
cross'd  the  Hudsons  River  on  a  Bridge  of  Bat- 
teauxs near  Batten  Kill,  and  encamped  at  Sarag- 
toga :  we  began  our  march  at  2  in  ye  afternoon. 
The  left  wing  remained  on  opposite  side  of  the 
River,  occupying  Gen'l  Frazer's  old  post  near 
Batten  Kill. 

Gen'l  Orders.  "  The  Army  may  be  required 
to  take  Arms  at  the  shortest  notice,  Officers  there- 
fore are  not  to  quit  Camp.  No  Soldier  nor 
follower  of  the  Army  is  to  pass  the  Fish  Kill 
under  pain  of  the  severest  punishment.  The 
present  post  of  the  Six  Companies  ^P  of  the  47th 
Reg't  being  destin'd  to  cover  the  Depot  of  Pro- 
visions, those  Companies  are  not  to  take  any 
duties  in  the  Line,  but  will  augment  their  own 
Picquet  to  40  Men,  which  during  the  Night  will 
occupy  a  Post  upon  the  Island,  and  upon  the  point 
of  Land  on  the  South  side  of  the  Fish  Kill  where 

dp.     The  rest  were  left  at  Fort  George         do.     See  Appendix  i8 
and    Diamond  Island   in   Lake  George. 
IHaddtn's  Note.'] 


Lieut,  Hadden*5  JournaL        145 


it  falls  into  the  main  River.  The  20th  Reg't  will 
advance  four  Companies  to  cover  Head  Quarters 
(in  Schuylers  House),  they  will  bring  their  Tents 
and  take  their  orders  from  Lt.  Francis  Clark.  ^ 
The  Picquets  and  Quarter  Guards  of  the  Line  are 


dq.  Sir  Francis  Carr  Gierke  was 
a  great-great-grandson  of  Sir  John 
Gierke,  first  baronet,  of  Hitcham, 
in  Buckinghamshire,  the  baronetcy 
having  been  created  July  13,  1660.  Sir 
Francis  was  descended  from  a  younger 
ion,  and,  upon  the  extinction  of  the 
elder  lines,  succeeded  to  the  title  Feb. 
12,  1769,  as  seventh  baronet.  He  was 
born  Oct.  24,  1748,  in  the  parish  of 
St.  George,  Hanover  Square,  London, 
and  was  the  eldest  son  of  Francis  Gierke 
by  his  wife,  Susannah  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Henry  Ashurst,  Esq.  of  Water- 
stock,  in  Oxfordshire.'  He  entered  the 
British  military  service  as  an  ensign  in  the 
Third  Foot  Guards  Jan.  3,  1770;  and 
was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy,  July  26, 
1775,  which,  owing  to  the  double  rank 
of  the  Guards,  gave  him  the  army  rank 
of  captain.  He  became  the  adjutant  of 
his  regiment  Feb.  3,  1776';  and  that 
same  year  accompanied  Gen  Burgoyne 
to  America  as  an  aid-de-camp,  returning 
to  England  with  him  in  November.  In 
1777,  when  Burgoyne  embarked  for 
America  to  take  command  of  his  famous 
expedition.  Sir  Francis  again  accompanied 
him  as  private  secretary  and  aid-de-camp.3 
As  a  member  of  the  military  family  of 
the  commander  in  chief  he  bore  an 
active  part  throughout  the  campaign ; 
in  the  last  decisive  action  of  which,  on 
the  7th  of  October,  he  received  a  fatal 
wound. 

Burgoyne's  adjutant-general,  Lt.-Col. 
Kingston,  testified  before  the  House  of 
Gommons,  as  follows : — 

''  What  was  the  last  time  you  saw  Sir 
Francis  Clarke  in  that  action,  and  do  you 
know  what  orders  he  was  carrying? 

19 


"  It  was  after  the  retreat  was  become 
very  general.  Sir  Francis  Clarke  asked 
me,  if  I  had  given  any  orders  to  the 
artillery  to  retreat  P  I  tuld  him,  that  as 
there  was  a  major-general  of  the  artillery 
in  the  field,  who  was  confessed  by  the 
army  to  be  a  very  excellent  ofHcer,  I 
would  not  take  on  myself,  as  adjutant- 
general,  to  give  orders  to  any  part  of  the 
artillery.  Sir  Francis  Clarke  told  me, 
that  a  disposition  had  been  made  for  a 
general  retreat,  and  that  he  was  going 
with  orders  from  General  Burgoyne  to 
bring  off  the  artillery.  About  the  instant 
we  were  parting,  a  very  heavy  fire  came 
upon  us  from  the  enemy,  and  I  have 
since  had  reason  to  believe,  that  Sir 
Francis  Clarke  received  his  wound  at  that 
t  me."* 

Gen.  Wilkinson  gives  the  following 
circumstances  of  Sir  Francis's  last  mo- 
ments : — 

"  When  I  returned  to  head -quarter* 
from  the  field  of  battle,  I  found  Sir 
Francis  Clark  reposing  on  General 
Gates's  bed,  and  those  gentlemen  engaged 
in  a  warm  dispute,  on  the  merits  of  the 
revolution.  Sir  Francis  admitting  that 
every  procedure  on  our  part,  short  of  the 
declaration  of  independence,  was  war- 
ranted by  the  conduct  of  the  British 
administration ;  that  he  had  on  this 
ground  vindicated  us  in  public  and  private, 
but  that  the  sudden  act  of  severance, 
convinced  him  that  the  contest  had 
originated  in  a  premeditated  view  to  in- 
dependence, into  which  the  colonies  had 
been  cheated  by  the  puritans  of  New 
England  ;  and  that  he,  of  consequence, 
had  changed  his  opinion,  and  taken  part 
against  us.     On  the  other    hand,  Gates 


14-6         Lieut,  Hadden^s  Journal. 

to  be  posted  upon  the  Right  Flank  of  the  en- 
campment so  as  to  form  a  Front  in  the  same  line 
of  direction  with  the  British  Light  Infantry  : 
Should  it  be  necessary  to  form  a  line  of  Battle 
to  that  Front,  the  Regiments  of  the  Line  will 
march  to  it  by  Two  columns,  the  9th  Regiment 


contended,  that  the  idea  of  disunion  had 
never  entered  into  the  head  of  any 
American,  until  the  menaces  of  the 
parliament,  the  repeated  oppressive  acta  of 
the  British  government,  and  the  manifest 
vindictive  resentment  of  the  sovereign, 
left  the  colonists  no  alternative  between 
abject  vassaiage  and  self-government. 

"  The  old  General  became  quite  in- 
censed, and  calling  me  out  of  the  room, 
asked  me  if  I  had  ever  heard  so  impudent 
a  son  of  a  b  —  h.  Sir  Francis,  who  was 
I  think  a  member  of  parliament,  appeared 
to  be  an  impetuous,  high-minded,  frank, 
fearless  fellow,  for  suddenly  changing  the 
conversation  he  inquired  of  me,  'whether 
our  surgeons  were  good  for  anything,  as 
he  did  not  like  the  direction  of  his  wound, 
and  was  desirous  to  know  whether  it  was 
mortal  or  not  ?'  The  following  extract 
of  a  letter  from  Dr.  Hayes  to  General 
dated  the  9th  October,  de 
Francis's  particular  case.  '  I 
Sir  Francis  Clark,  and  am 
sorry  to  inform  you  that  I  form  some 
unfavourable  opinion  of  his  case.  The 
ball  entered  his  right  flank,  struck  the 
two  last  of  the  fahe  ribs,  penetrated  the 
cavity  of  the  abdomen,  and  seems  to  run 
towards  the  spine ;  a  tension  of  his  belly, 
and  involuntary  discharges  of  urine  are 
bad  symptons.  He  has  been  attended 
with  great  care  and  tenderness ;  I  stay  by 
him  this  night  and   shall   not   omit  any 

attention     for    his     recovery.' Sir 

Francis  died  I  think  the  1 3th,  and  the 
day  before,  questioned  Doctor  Townsend 
who  attended  him,  as  to  the  probable 
issue  of  the  wound,  the  Doctor  felt  a 
reluctance  in   announcing   hit  doom,  he 


Burgoyne, 
scribes  Sir 
have  seen 


observed  it,  and  remarked  '  Doctor  why 
do  you  pause?  do  you  think  I  am  afraid 
to  die  ?'  The  Doctor  then  advised  him  at 
an  act  of  prudence,  to  arrange  his  private 
afl^airs  ;  '  thank  you  Doctor,'  replied  he, 
'  I  understand  you,  as  to  my  private 
aflPairs,  my  father  settled  them  for  me, 
and  I  have  only  a  few  legacies  to  bequeath,' 
among  them  he  gave  twenty  ^ineat  to 
the  matron  of  our  hospital,  who  had  paid 
particular  attention  to  him. "5 

Wilkinson  was  mistaken  in  supposing 
that  Sir  Francis  then  was,  or  ever  had 
been  a  member  of  parliament. 

Sir  Francis  was  a  very  promising 
officer.  Lt.-Col.  Kingston  said — ''I 
never  saw  an  officer  more  attentive  to 
the  duties  of  his  station  than  Sir  Francis 
Clarke*;"  and  Burgoyne  bore  this  testi- 
mony to  the  merit  of  the  deceased 
officer — "Sir  Francis  Clarke,  my  aid- 
de-camp,  had  originally  recommended 
himself  to  my  attention  by  his  talents 
and  diligence  :  as  service  and  intimacy 
opened  his  character  mote,  he  became 
endeared  to  me  by  every  quality  that  can 
create  esteem.  I  lost  in  him  an  useful 
assistant,  an  amiable  companion,  an 
attached  friend  :  the  state  was  deprived 
by  his  death,  of  one  of  the  fairest  prom- 
ises of  an  able  general. "7 

Sir  Francis  was  never  married,  and  at 
his  death  his  brother  succeeded  to  the 
baronetcy.  His  remains  were  carried  to 
England  in  1777,  and  deposited  in  the 
church  at  Albany.'  ['B.  R:  I.  X. 
^pp.  196.  'B.  H.  3H.  G.  a86,  338  : 
K.  1134:  J.  H  :  J.  I.  4B.  N.  81. 
5M.  T.  Z69  note.  'B.  N.  75,  rB.  N. 
115.] 


Lieut.  HadderCs  yournal,         14.7 

followed  by  the  21st  making  the  Column  of  the 
Right,  and  the  62nd  followed  by  the  20th 
making  the  column  of  the  left,  in  order  to  fill 
up  the  space  between  the  Corps  of  Gen'I  Frazer 
and  Col.  Brymen.  Brig.  Gen'I  Hamilton  will 
order  the  proper  communications  for  this  move- 
ment, and  mark  it  in  such  manner  to  the  com- 
manding officers,  that  it  may  be  made  in  the 
night  time  and  free  from  confusion. 

When  Major  Gen'I  Phillips  shall  have  directed 
the  Roads  proper  to  be  taken  for  the  part  the 
Artillery  is  to  bear  in  this  movement,  they  are 
also  to  be  reconnoitred  by  the  respective  Officers, 
that  their  march  may  not  clash  with  the  columns. 
If  this  movement  is  made  the  47th  Reg't  keeps 
its  ground,  and  is  to  defend  it  to  the  last  against 
any  attack  from  the  other  side  of  the  Water;  and 
the  four  Companies  are  to  take  post  in  the  Redout 
above  the  Bridge  that  leads  to  Head  Quarters. 
In  case  of  any  movement  on  this  side  the 
Hudson's  River  Maj'r  Gen'I  Reidesil  will  form 
the  left  wing  of  the  Army  at  the  head  of  their 
encampment,  but  not  march  off  the  ground. 
The  Quarter  Masters  and  Camp  Coulour  Men 
of  the  left  Wing  will  mark  out  their  ground  to- 
morrow morning,  but  that  Wing  is  not  to  pass 
the  River  'till  the  last  of  the  Depot  shall  have 
passed  the  Bridge  ;  for  the  expediting  of  which 
purpose  all  the  Departments  concerned  are  to 
use  their  utmost  diligence. 


14.8       Lieut,  H addends  Journal, 

Sunday  Sept.  14th.  Geni  Ord'rs  "  Enormous 
mismanagement  has  been  committed  in  respect 
to  the  Kings  Carts  which  have  been  allowed  for 
the  carriage  of  Camp  Equipage  only.  Upon  the 
next  March  the  commanding  officers  of  Corps 
are  to  be  responsible  that  the  Reg'l  Q'r  Master, 
or  in  his  absence  some  other  Officer  deputed  to 
act  for  him,  inspect  the  loading  of  the  Carts  and 
suffer  no  Article  beyond  the  extent  of  the  Order 
to  be  put  thereon.  A  Field  officer  for  each 
Wing  is  to  review  the  Carts  as  they  pass  off,  and 
in  case  he  finds  any  overloaded  he  is  to  direct 
the  improper  articles  to  be  thrown  off,  and  left 
upon  the  ground,  and  afterwards  report  the  Regi- 
ment to  which  they  belong.  Any  soldier  or 
other  person  detected  in  ill  treating  any  Drivers 
or  Horses  may  expect  to  be  severely  punished. 
During  the  next  marches  of  the  Army  the  Corps 
are  to  move  in  such  a  state  as  to  be  fit  for  instant 
action,  it  therefore  becomes  unavoidably  neces- 
sary to  circumscribe  more  than  at  present,  Regi- 
mental convenience  in  regard  to  the  attendance 
upon  Baggage,  Cattle,  &  other  inferior  pur- 
poses. 

"The  Brig.  Gen'ls  will  collect  this  Evening 
from  ye  Commanding  Officers  of  Corps  under 
their  command,  a  Report  of  the  number  of  Rank 
&  File  each  Corps  can  march  tomorrow  in  the 
Ranks,  and  account  how  the  absent  men  are  dis- 
posed of. 


Lieut,  HadderCs  Journal.         149 

It  is  to  be  a  standing  order  for  the  rest  of  the 
Campaign,  that  all  Picquets,  and  Guards  are  under 
Arms  an  hour  before  daylight  every  morning  and 
remain  so  'till  it  is  compleatly  light.  All  out 
Posts  and  Picquets  are  to  send  out  patroles  at  this 
time.  The  Army  will  be  in  readiness  to  march 
tomorrow." 

Brig'e  Orders.  "  For  the  future  a  line  of  Pickets 
is  to  be  made  in  the  Rear  of  each  Regiment  at 
which  the  Horses  are  to  be  tied,  and  none  sufFer'd 
to  go  loose,  the  Carts  are  also  to  be  arranged 
there." 

Monday  Sept.  15th:  Gen'l  Orders.  The  Tents 
to  be  struck  at  1 2  o'clock  and  Baggage  loaded 
immediately.  The  Army  to  march  in  three 
Colums  after  having  passed  Schuylers  House.  The 
Right  Column  consisting  of  the  British  on  the 
Right  of  the  Road — The  left  column  consisting 
of  the  left  Wing  along  the  Meadows  on  the  left 
of  the  Road.  The  Artillery  forming  the  centre 
Column,  followed  by  the  Baggage.  The  two 
Brigades  of  Artillery  of  the  Line  to  lead.  Lt. 
Col  Brymens  Corps  to  form  the  Rear  Guard  of 
the  Army  and  wait  upon  their  Ground  till  they 
receive  an  order  from  an  Aid  de  Camp  of  the 
Command'r  in  Chief,  or  from  Maj'r  Gen'l  Rei- 
desil.  The  Provisions  are  to  be  floated  down 
under  the  care  of  Cap't  Brown  of  the  Navy. 
**  The  47th  Reg't  to  move  with  the  Rear  of  the 


150        Lieut,  HadderCs  Journal. 

Provisions.  The  Hospital  to  move  as  quick  as 
Carts  can  be  provided  for  them.  The  Bridge  to 
be  broke  up  and  floated  down  immediately  after 
the  Army  is  marched  under  the  direction  of 
Capt  Shanks  (of  the  Navy)." 

Yesterday  Gen'l  Phillips  called  the  Officers  of 
Artillery  together  and  exhorted  them  to  be 
cautious  of  expending  their  Ammunition  in  case 
of  an  Action,  reminding  them  of  the  impossibility 
of  a  fresh  supply  and  requesting  they  wou'd  rec- 
ollect that  one  Action  wou'd  not  probably 
decide  the  Campaign,  he  therefore  begg'd  they 
wou'd  avoid  firing  on  a  retreating  Enemy  unless 
almost  certain  of  great  success.  He  observed 
that,  tho.  they  were  under  the  command  of  every 
Senior  Officer,  yet,  even  to  Commanding  officers 
of  the  Battalion's  they  were  serving  with,  they 
must  remonstrate  against  firing  when  required 
if  contrary  to  their  own  opinions,  and  make  him 
responsible  for  the  consequences  of  their  com- 
pliance if  he  persists.  This  line  of  conduct  was 
to  be  pursued  to  all  persons  except  the  immediate 
bearers  of  official  orders  from  the  Com'r  in  Chief, 
M.  G.  Phillips,  or  the  Brig.  Gen'l  Commanding 
the  Brigade  of  Infantry  to  which  the  Guns  were 
attached  at  the  time.  Orders  from  the  Com'g 
Officers  of  the  Brigade,  or  Corps  of  Artillery,  of 
course  were  to  be  obeyed,  these  being  in  fact  the 
orders  of  the  Brig'r  Gen'l  Com'g  the  Brigade,  as 


Lieut^  Hodden's  Journal,        151 

his  consent  is  absolutely  necessary  for  all  move- 
ments after  the  Guns  are  attached  to  his 
Brigade. 

Sept.  15th  (continued)  Agreeable  to  this  day's 
Orders,  the  Army  marched  and  the  Bridge  was 
broken  up.  We  halted  and  encamped  in  one 
Line  at  a  Farm  called  Dovegot,  nearly  3  Miles 
from  our  former  ground. 

Dovegot.     Tuesday  Sept.  i6th.  Gen'l  Orders, 

"  No  Forragers  are  at  anytime  to  go  out  in 
small  parties,  nor  till  the  Fog  is  cleared  up. 
When  forage  is  wanted  the  Brigadier  Generals 
will  send  a  report  to  the  General  of  the  numbers 
proposed  and  the  time  they  are  meant  to  be 
absent  from  the  Camp,  that  a  judgement  maybe 
formed  whether  the  numbers  can  be  spared  for 
that  time.  The  Foragers  when  out  are  to  keep 
together,  and  upon  the  firing  of  Three  Guns  are 
to  return  to  Camp  with  all  possible  expedition. 
The  Carts  that  are  lent  to  the  Regiments  for 
carrying  the  Regimental  Baggage,  are  to  be  re- 
turned to  the  orders  of  the  Deputy  Q'r  M'r 
General,  as  soon  as  they  arrive  in  Camp,  except 
at  such  times  as  the  march  of  the  Army  is  likely 
to  be  continued  in  a  few  hours.  The  Army 
marches  tomorrow,  the  disposition  of  march  will 
be  given  to  the  leaders  of  Columns  early  in  the 
morning." 


152        Lieut,  Hadden^s  jfournal. 

This  day  about  i  o'clock,  a  Detachment  of 
about  2,000  Men,  with  Capt.  Jones  Brigade  of 
Artillery  (4—  6  P'rs)  advanced  about  2  Miles,  to 
reconnoitre  a  Road  to  the  Right,  and  cover  the 
workmen  repairing  some  broken  Bridges  and 
other  bad  places  in  tne  main  Road.  The  Gene- 
rals Burgoyne,  Phillips  &  Frazer  were  out,  we 
returned  in  the  afternoon  about  5  o'clock, 
nothing  extraordinary  hav'g  happen'd. 

Wednesday  Sept.  17th.  The  Army  marched  to 
Sword's  Farm  (3^  Miles).  The  order  of  March 
was  Frazer  s  Corps  and  the  Right  JVing  with 
their  Artillery  &  ^^ggage  upon  the  heights  to 
the  Right  of  the  main  Road,  (as  reconnoitred 
yesterday)  forming  the  Right  Column.  The 
Park  of  Artillery  &  Baggage  of  the  Army  on 
the  main  Road  formed  the  Centre  Column  : 
and  part  of  ye  Left  Wing  moved  on  their  left, 
being  the  left  Column.  The  Provisions  were 
floated  down  the  River  under  the  47th  Reg't. 

The  Army  now  consisted  of  the  follow'g 
Corps — (viz) — The  9th  20th,  21st,  24th  and  62H'i 
Regiments:  6  Companies  of  the  47th  Reg't,  10 
Companies  of  Grenadiers  &  10  of  Lt.  Infantry, 
300  Artillery  Men,  150  Additional,  Recruits  for 
the  Southern  Army,  and  about  50  Marksmen, 
under  Capt,  Frazier,  British. 

The  Regiments  of  Rhetz,  Spechty  Reidesil 
(Infantry)  and  Hesse  Uanau,  Lt.  Col.  Brymen's 
Corps  of  Grenadiers  &  Chasseurs  &  about  40 
Jagers,  German. 


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Lieut.  Hadden's  Journal.         153 

a>t'^^^  tTr^^'l^  forming  a  Corps  of  about  6,000 
Men.      We   had  about   50  Savages   (all   that  re- 
mained of  near  500  who  crossed  the  Lake  with 
us,  the  rest  having  deserted  under  various  pre- 
tences till   Msr.  Luke  Le  Corn's  departure,  when 
the  defection     became  almost  general)  and  be- 
tween  One  and  200  Provincials  exclusive  of  70 
or    80    Canadians    bearing    arms    under  Capts. 
Monin  &  Bcucherville— including  these  &  Vhe 
residue  (about  40)    of  Reidesils-  Dragoons,  the 
whole   might   amount  to  something  more  than 
6,000  Men  &  Officers.     The  Sailors  employed 
with  the  Batteauxs,  Canadian   Drivers,  Artificers 
&c  not  bearing  Arms  or  included  in  the  above 
were    I    apprehend,     about     300.     It    is    to   be 
recollected  that  the   Artillery,  Additional  Gun- 
ners, Sick,  Servants  &  Batt-Men   are  to  be  ex- 
tracted from  the  number   bearing  arms,    which 
woud  probably  reduce   it  to   nearly  5,000  Effec- 
tives  including  the  officers. 
The  Guns  &  Ordnance  were 

2  Lt.  24  Pounders.     ' 

4  Medium  12  P'rs 
18— Light— 6  P'rs 

2— Howitzers  8  Inch  I  Brass 

4—       "         --5|In'ch         ^ 

6— Light — 3  Pounders 

I— Light—  I  2  Pounder 

Total  35  on  Travelling  Carriages  dr 

»  fL  r'^*''  *'!-'""°"  ''  '  ''"'"  defective,     as  Hadden  gives  it. 
ai  the  ligures  foot  up  37,  instead  of  35  ^ 

20 


154        Lieut,  Haddens  yournaL 

Also — 2  Mortars — 8  Inch  ]  „ 

J  ..  I  >■  Brass 

and— 4      "         — 5^  J 

They  were  disposed  of  as  follows,  (viz) 
With  B.  G.  Frazer  under  Capt.  Walker  da 

4 — 6  Pounders —     ]  Served  by  his  Company  and 
4 — 3  Pounders —     \      40  additional  from  ye 
2 — 5J  Howitzers —  J       Adv'd  Corps. 

Each  Piece  of  Ordnance  had  an  Am'n  Cart — 
and  he  was  allowed  2  Country  Carts  for  the 
Mens  Tents,  Artificers  Tools  &c. 

A  Forge  Cart  travelled  with  this  Brigade,  as 
also  I  Collar  Maker,  i  Smith  &  i  Wheeler  for 
the  use  of  this  and  the  Brigades  of  Jones  & 
Pauch. 

Capt.  Jones's  Brigade  Attached  to  the  Right 
Wing — 

di.  Ellis  Walker  entered  the  Royal  was  included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention, 
Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  as  and  his  name  is  attached  to  the  Cam- 
a  gentleman  cadet,  March  i,  1755.  He  bridge  Parole.  His  subsequent  promo- 
was  commissioned  in  the  Ruyal  Artillery  tions  were  as  follows ;  major  in  the 
as  a  lieut. -fireworker  Oct.  29,  in  that  army  June  7,  1782;  lieut. -colonel  in  the 
year;  a  2d  lieut.  April  2,  1757;  a  ist  artillery  Dec.  i,  1782;  colonel  in  the 
lieut.  Jan.  1,  1759;  and  a  capt.-iieuten-  army  Oct.  12,  1793;  in  the  artillery 
ant  Aug.  5,  1761  ;  in  which  latter  year  Nov.  i, of  the  same  year;  major-general 
he  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Belleisle  on  Feb.  26,  1795;  colonel-commandant  in 
the  coast  of  France.  He  became  a  cap-  the  artillery  Sept.  25,  1796,  his  successor 
.  tain  Jan  1,  1771,  his  being  No.  7  being  appointed  July  13,  1799;  lieut.- 
company,  3d  Battalion,  now  "3"  general  April  29,  1802;  and  general 
Battery,  7th  Brigade.  He  belonged  to  Jan.  i,  1812.  He  appears  in  the  Army 
the  artillery  detachment  that  served  in  Lists  for  the  last  time  in  1820,  at  which 
Cancda,  in  1776,  and  he  participated  in  date  there  was  only  one  officer  in  the 
Burgovne's  campaign  the  next  year,  artillery  that  ranked  him.  [O.  U  : 
having  command  of  the  guns  attached  B.  H  :  C.  Z.  224,  229  :  £.  Z.J 
to   Gen.    Fraser'i  Light    Brigade.       He 


Lieut.  Hadden's  JournaL         155 

4  Lt.  6  Pounders 

5  Ammunition  Carts 

4  Country  Carts  laden  with  Intrenching  Tools 
&  spare  Harness,  and  2  ditto  for  the  Camo 
t!-quipage.    These  were  commanded  and  served  by 

of  Jones'.  Company        ^■'■/"V"    "27    T 
Lt.  Hadden'  s  Detachment       i         ^       26 


Capt.  Pauche's  Brigade.  Left  Wine 

6—6  Pounders  ^' 

each    cZ?  ^°""''^"-«"  Ammunition  Cart  for 
each    Gun— 4    Country    Carts   laden    with    In 
trenching   Tools-2  ditto  for   Camp   ZL  "" 
and  one  for  each  officer,   these  Gem^n  not  bel  ' 
allowed   Artillery  B  &  F.*  ^ 

This  Brigade  had   already  lost  2-6  and  2—7 
Pounders  with  Baume  &  Brymen  at  or  near  Ben 

a^o^L  Jcetlr-'"-   -PP"^^    'on. 

Park-  of  Artillery  under  Capt.  Carter. 
Divided  into  three  Brigades  (viz) 

'i'.     An  abbreviation  for  Bat  ,„d   Forage.  n.eaning  bat  and   forage  ..one,. 


15^        Lieut,  Hadderis  Journal, 


Left  Brigade. 

Centre  Brigade. 

Right  Brigade. 

Capt.  Hosmer^" 

Capt.  Blomfield 

Capt.  Mitchelson 

1— Med'm  la  P'rs 

2  Lt.  24  Pounders 

'2  Med.  12  Pounders 

a_Lt— 6  P'rs 

I  Am'n    Waggon 

2  Lt.  6  P'rs 

1—8  In.  How'r. 

I — 8  In.  Howitz'r 

I — 5j  ditto 

The  whole  of  these  were 

I — 5i  ditto. 

English  Waggons 

served  by  Maj'r  Williams's''" 
"&    Capt.  Carters   Companies   &" 

Waggons. 

for  M.  12   P'rs  2 

2  for  M.  12  P'ri 

for  8  In.    How'r.   2 

about  130  Additionah  under 

2  for  8  In.  How'r 

Am'n  Carts 

Lt.  Nutt  33rd  Regt. 

Ammunition  Carts 

for  Lt.  6  P'rs  % 

2  Eng'h    Waggons   for  Camp 

2  for  Lt.  6  P'rs 

for  e,\  How'rs  I 

Equipage 

I  for  5  i  How'rs 

Also  with  the  Park- 
Intrenching    Tools : 


—2  Waggons  loaded  with 
2    Waggons    loaded    with 


du.  Thomas  Hosmer,  entered  the 
Royal  Artillery  as  a  lieut. -fireworker 
June  8,  1757  ;  and  was  promoted  to  be 
a  2d  lieut  Oct.  23,  1761  ;  a  ist  lieut. 
Dec.  20,  1765;  and  a  capt.-lieuten.mt 
June  17,  1772.  He  served  in  the  2d 
Battalion  until  he  became  a  ist  lieut. 
when  he  was  transferred  to  the  3d 
Battalion ;  and  upon  his  promotion  tv.  a 
captain-lieutenancy  he  was  transferred 
again,  this  time  to  the  ist  Battalion. 
He  was  with  the  artillery  detachment 
that  served  in  Canada  in  1776,  and 
under  Burgoyne  in  1777.  In  this  latter 
campaign  he  commanded  the  left 
brigade  of  the  Park  of  Artillery,  and 
served  actively  until  Burgoyne's  surrender, 
in  which  he  was  included,  his  name 
being  attached  to  the  Cambridge  Parole. 
He  obtained  a  captaincy  Nov.  12,  1779, 
and  for  sometime  commanded  No.  2 
Company,  ist  Battalion,  now  "  B  "  Bat- 
tery, 1st  Brigade,  and  afterwards  No.  4 
Company,  ist  Battalion,  now  "  3  "  Bat- 
tery, 5th  Brigade.  He  became  a  major  in 
the  army  March  19,  1783  ;  was  invalided 
for  home  duty  March  16,  1793  ;  became 
a  lieut. -colonel  in  the  army  March  i, 
1794;  and  was  attached  to  the  Invalid 
Battalion  Oct.  2,  1795.  He  died  at 
Greenwich  April  8,  1805.  [G.  U  : 
C.  Z.  173,  174:  B.  H:  E.  Z.] 


rff.  Griffith  Williams  entered  the 
British  military  service  as  a  private  in  the 
Royal  Artillery  fan.  27,  1743,  and  on 
the  4th  of  April  of  the  following  year  he 
became  a  gentleman  cadet  in  the  Royal 
Military  Academy  at  Woolwich.'  The 
following  extract  from  a  manuscript  by 
this  officer,  deposited,  in  the  Royal  Ar" 
tillery  Regimental  Library,  furnishes 
some  interesting  information  in  regard  to 
the  Royal  Military  Academy  in  1744, 
when  he  belonged  to  it.  "In  1744,"  he 
wrote,  "  His  Grace  the  late  John,  Duke 
of  Montague,  was  Master- General  of  the 
Ordnance,  to  liim  the  chief  Master  of 
the  Academy  reported  the  first  of  every 
month  what  progress  the  Cadets,  Non- 
commissioned Officers,  and  Private  men, 
who  were  his  Pupils,  made,  and  in  what 
manner  they  distinguished  themselves 
most ;  the  names  of  the  Officers  who 
attended  was  likewise  carried  to  his 
Grace  by  the  chief  Master.  At  this  time 
the  Regiment  of  Artillery  consisted  of 
seven  Companies  only,  and  five  Cadets  to 
each  Company ;  they  were  distinguished 
by  Cadet  Gunners,  and  Cadet  Mattrosses; 
the  Cadet  Gunners  (of  which  I  was  one) 
had  Sixteen  Pence  per  day,  and  the  Cadet 
Mattrosses  Twelve  Pence  per  day  ;  the 
Cadet  Gunners,  when  the  Companies 
were    formed,    took     the    right    of    the 


Lieut,  Haclclen*s  yournal,         157 


spare  Harness  :   8  Country  Carts  laden  with  Ar- 
tificers Tools    &    Camp    Equipage — 2  Country 


Gunners ;  and  the  Cadet  Mattrosses  the 
right  of  the  Mattrosses  ;  they  were 
mustered  in  t'  e  Companies  to  which 
they  belonged,  and  the  Captain  of  the 
Company  had  the  sole  command  of  them, 
in  like  manner  with  every  other  part  of 
his  Company  ;  they  were  treated  as 
Officers  and  Gentien  en  by  all  Officers  of 
the  Regiment^  who  frequently  had  them 
to  dine  with  them,  when  their  spare 
hours  from  their  studies  permitted  ;  the 
Cadets  lodged  and  boarded  at  the  most 
creditable  houses  in  and  near  Woolwich, 
which  many  of  them  were  able  to  do  on 
their  pay  ;  Government  was  at  no  other 
expense,  except  the  Uniforms  that  were 
given  the  Cadets,  without  any  stoppages 
being  made  out  of  their  pay.'"' 

Williams  was  commissioned  a  lieut.- 
fireworker  April  6,  1745,  *  "'  lieutenant 
March  1,  I755,acapt.-licut.,  Jan.  1, 1759, 
and  a  captain  Feb.  12,1760.'  A  portion 
of  the  time  while  acaptain  he  commanded 
No.  5  Company,  ist  Battlion,  now  "  4" 
Battery,  i  3th  Brigade.  A  fter  the  peace  of 
1763  he  was  stationed  in  America. 3  He 
became  a  major  in  the  army  Feb.  17, 
1776,'  and  he  was,  after  Gen.  Phillips, 
the  ranking  artillery  officer  servini;  in 
Canada  under  Carleton  in  1776,  and  on 
Burgoyne's  expedition  in  1777;  and,  as 
such,  he  had  the  immediate  command  of 
the  whole  artillery  detachment,  though 
he  was  more  particularly  attached  to  the 
Park.'* 

Gen  Phillips  reported  to  Lords  Town- 
tend  and  Amherst  from  Albany,  Oct.  22, 
1777,  as  follows,  ''In  the  affair  of  Oc- 
tober 7th,  Major  Williams  kept  a  battery 
in  action,  until  the  Artillery  horses  were 
all  destroyed,  and  his  men  either  killed 
or  wounded ;  being  unable  to  get  off 
their  guns,  he  was  surrounded  and  taken, 
with  two  officers.  Lieutenants  York  and 
Howorth,  the  latter  wounded. ''5  Gen. 
Gate*  wrote  from  Saratoga  to  Gen.  Bur- 


goyne  in  a  letter  dated  Oct.  11,  1777,  U 
follows :  "  At  the  solicitation  of  Major 
Williams,  I  am  prevailed  on  to  offer  him 
and  Major  Meibon,  in  exchange  for  Col. 
Ethan  Allen.  Your  Excellency's  objec- 
tions to  my  last  proposals  for  the  exchange 
of  Col.  Allen,  I  must  consider  as  trifling, 
as  I  cannot  but  suppose  that  the  Generals 
of  the  royal  armies  act  in  equal  concert 
with  those  of  the  Generals  of  the  armies 
of  the  United  States."*  This  offer  was 
rejected.  Major  d'Meibon,  of  the  Bruns- 
wickers,  was  exchanged  Sept.  3d,  1781,' 
but  the  date  of  Major  Williams'  exchange 
has  not  been  ascertained.  The  following 
letter,  written  by  this  officer  to  Gen. 
Gates,  gives  a  little  insight  into  his  char- 
acter, and  some  of  his  troubles. 

"  25  Off'r,  1777. 

"  My  Dbar  General  :  I  am  much 
concern'd  at  being  informed  by  Gen'l 
Phillips  that  from  what  was  at  that  time 
look'd  upon  at  Gen'l  Burgoyne's  Table 
to  be  no  otherwise  meant  than  to  promote 
mirth  and  Laughter  should  at  this  time 
be  represented  to  you  as  serious.  Gen'l 
Burgoyne  was  i>resent  the  whole  time 
therefore  I  could  not  have  presum'd  to 
have  meant  to  say  anything  that  should 
give  offence;  nor  did  I  perceive  that  the 
Capt'n  (whose  name  I  do  not  remember) 
the  least  displeas'd  but  rather  joyned  in 
the  laugh.  I  remember  saying  to  the 
Capt'n  that  this  was  an  odd  world  we 
liv'd  in  that  we  were  there  the  best  of 
friends  drink'g  our  wine  and  the  day 
before  trying  to  put  one  another  to  death  : 
the  Capt'n  said  very  true  and  that  if  he 
had  met  me  he  would  have  kill'd  me  if 
he  could  :  this  brought  on  a  laugh  all  in 
good  humour. 

"  I  press'd  the  Capt'n  to  drink  a  Glass 
of  wine  which  he  declin'd  by  saying  that 
he  was  feverish.  I  say'd  that  my  way 
was  always  to  keep  the  blood  above  fever 
heat ;   and  to  heat  it  so  much  as  to  pre- 


158         Lieut,  HadderCs  JournaL 

Carts  for  the  Conductors,<^^  and  several  Wag- 
gons laden  with  Laboratory  Stores,  Musquet 
Cartridges,  Corn  Powder''*,  Ball,  Twine,  Paper 
&c  for  making  up  Cartridges — Grease  6cc — and 
all  the  small  articles  necessary  for  the  Train  or 
Army,  in  about  10  or  12  Waggons. 

There  was  a  Lt.  12  P'r,  2 — 8  Inch  and  4 — 5J 
Inch,  with  several  Coehorn  Mortars  on  board  a 
Skow  with  the  Provisions,  and  likewise  a  supply 
of  dead  Shells'^//. 


vent  Bug,  Flee  or  musketo  to  touch  me 
without  burning  their  feet,  in  short  Sir 
the  whole  at  far  as  I  can  remember 
amounted  to  something  of  this  kind. 

"  After  the  Civility  I  met  with  from 
you  and  your  Officers  I  am  bound  as  a 
man  of  honor  to  declare  that  I  did  not 
intend  to  give  the  least  offence  to  the 
Capt.  and  much  shall  I  be  distressed 
ihould  you  have  a  doubt  of  the  truth  of 
what  I  have  said. 
"  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  my  Dear  Gen'l 

"  Your  most  obedient  humble  Servant 
"  G'th  Williams,  Major. 
*'  Albany  25th  Octob'r,   1777. 

"  Major  Gen'l  Gates."  « 

Williams  became  a  major  in  the  ar- 
tillery March  aj,  1780,  lieut. -colonel 
Jan.  9,  178a,  and  colonel  of  the  id 
Battalion  Dec.  i,  1782.'  During  the 
latter  part  of  the  great  siege  of  Gibraltar 
Col.  Williams  had  command  of  the 
artillery  there.9  Col.  Williams  was  the 
commanding  officer  of  the  garrison  at 
Woolwich,  the  headquarters  of  the  Royal 
Art'y,  Oct.  20,  1783,  upon  his  return 
from  Gibraltar,  and  so  continued  until 
Feb.  8,  1786.  He  commanded  the 
garrison  again  July  23,  1789,  his  suc- 
cessor  being   appointed  three  days   after 


hit  death.  Previous  to  1781  the  com- 
mand of  the  garrison  devolved  upon  the 
senior  officer  on  the  spot,  but  after  that 
date  he  was  appointed  by  the  Master 
General  of  the  Ordnance.  After  forty- 
seven  years  of  service  in  the  Royal  Ar- 
tillery Col.  Williams  died  at  Woolwich, 
March  18,  i790.«>  [' G.  U:  B.  H. 
»K.  R.  5.  3  C.  Z.  175,  244.  4E.  Z. 
SC.  Z.  315.  «K.  G.  462.  7K.  J.  65. 
8D  R.  fC.  Z.  288.  '"G.  U:  D.  Z. 
373] 

diu.  Conductors  were  assistants  to  the 
commissaries  of  stores,  to  conduct  depots, 
or  magazines,  from  one  place  to  another  ; 
they  also  hail  the  care  of  the  ammu- 
nition wagons  i.-i  the  field  ;  they  reported 
to  the  commissary,  and  were  under  hit 
command.     [G.  N.] 

dx.  Corn  powder  is  supposed  to  be 
priming  powder,  deriving  its  name  from 
the  French  word  Corne,  pronounced  corn, 
and  signifying  horn,  as  priming  powder 
was  frequently  carried   in  powder   horns. 

dy.  Shells,  charged  or  lo.ided,  are 
call-^d  filled  or  live  shells ;  those,  not 
charged  or  loaded,  are  called  empty,  or,  as 
Hadden  terms  them,  dead  shells. 


Lieut.  Hadden's  Journal.        159 

of  I*"*  ^A  r°""'J*"  were  completed  to  70  R'ds 
of  Round  Shot  &  30  R'ds  of  Case  each.     The  , 

Ss"e"' Fi.ed  A ''^  °'  R.-nd-a„d        RouLs  o^ 
^ase — i^ixed  Ammunition. 

[Here  follows  2  blank  pages  in  the  Journal.] 
The  Advanced  Corps  of  the  Army  under  B  G 

^i^fdeofG:tr^"  '^''  ^'"^  ^^p'-  ^^'k- 

The  Right  Wing,    since  the  departure  of  B 
G.   Powel  &  the  53rd   Regt.   was  considered   as' 
one   Brigade    under  Brigadier    Gen'I    Hamilton 
and   consisted    of  the    9%  aoth,  "    st    &  6and 
Regim'ts,  w,th  Capt.  Jones's  Brigade  of  Guns 

.7}^  Ge™an  reserve  under  Lt.  Col.  Brvmen 
connnued    to  encamp  and  march  near  to  iT'r 

Brfgad;       ''''  "'"''  '-^  '"■"^*"^''™  ^^^P'-  P'-uchf's 

Rel'l'nf^f^y'"§  ""T"''^^  °^  'he  Brunswick 
Gef '     t.f'h/    '!^t''  ^  ^"''"'''  ""'le^  Brig'r 

-anded  b/Maj'r  GenTLdel^  The^'^emZ- 
■ng  few  of  Reidesils  Dragoons  were  sha"bi?v' 
mounted  and  attended  (occasionally)  the  Generaf 


i6o        Lieut,  Haddens  yournai. 

The  six  Companies  of  the  47th  Rcg't  con- 
tinued as  an  escort  for  the  Provisions. 

Sept.  17th  (continued)  The  Army  being  ar- 
rived at  Swords's  Farm  encamped  en  potence^^^ 
the  left  flank  being  secured  by  the  River. 

Thursday  Sept.  18th — About  10  o'clock  this 
morning  some  Soldiers  &  Women  having  stroled 
in  front  of  the  Encampment  about  4  or  500  yards 
to  gather  Potatoes,  were  fired  upon  by  a  Party  of 
the  Enemy  several  were  killed  or  wounded 
and  about  20  made  Prisoners,  which  occasioned 
the  following  Gen'l  Order — 

**  To  the  great  reproach  of  discipline  and  of 
the  common  sense  of  the  Soldiers  who  have  been 
made  Prisoners,  the  Service  has  sustained  a  loss 
within  Ten  days,  that  might  have  cost  the  lives  of 
some  hundred  of  the  Enemy  to  have  brought 
upon  it  in  Action. 

The  General  will  no  longer  bear  to  lose  Men 
for  the  pitiful  consideration  of  Potatoes  or  For- 
rage — The  life  of  the  Soldier  is  the  property  of 
the  King  and  since  neither  friendly  admonition, 
repeated  injunctions,  nor  corporal  punishment 
have  effect,  after  what  has  happen'd,  ye  Army  is 

d'z.     Troops  are  ranged  tn  fotence  by  securing    that  line.       An  army  may    be 

breaking  a  straight  line,  and  throwing  a  posted  en  potetjce  hy  means  of  a  village,  a 

certain  proportion  of  it  either  forward  or  river,  or  a  wood.     The  disposition  en  fo- 

backward,  from  the  right  or  left,  accord-  fence  is    frequently   necessary    in  narrow 

ing  to  circumstances,  for  the  purpose  of  and  intersected  ground.      [G.  N.] 


Lieut,  Hadderi's  Journal,         i6i 

now  to  be  informed,  (and  it  is  not  doubted  the 
commanding  Officers  will  do  it  solemnly)  that 
the  first  Soldier  caught  beyond  the  advance  Sen- 
tries of  the  Army  will  be  instantly  hanged. 

If  the  Army  does  not  march  this  afternoon, 
two  days  more  provision  will  be  issued,  to  victual 
them  to  the  21st  inclusive. 

It  is  possible  that  some  flour  may  have  re- 
ceived dammage  from  water  carriage,  in  that 
case  care  must  be  taken  that  a  distribution 
be  made  equally,  that  no  particular  mess  may 
suffer. 

The  Baggage  is  ""o  remain  loaded  as  the  Army 
will  march  as  soon  as  the  Bridges  are  repaired. 

in  case  of  an  action  the  Lieut't  General  will  be 
found  near  the  center  of  the  British  line,  or,  he 
will  leave  word  there  where  he  may  be  followed. 

In  case  of  an  action  one  Orderly  Subaltern 
Officer  is  to  be  sent  from  each  of  the  following 
Corps,  (viz.)  one  from  the  British  line,  one  from 
Brig'r  Gen'l  Frazers  Corps,  and  one  who  speaks 
French  from  the  left  wing  —  These  Officers  are 
to  be  on  Horse-back. 

Friday  Sep'r  19th — Between  9  &  10  o'clock 
in  the  forenoon  the  Army  advanced  in  three 
Columns  agreeable  to  former  Orders. 

About  a  mile  from  our  last  ground  (the  center 
column)  we  came  to  a  deep  Ravin  with  a  run  of 
21 


i62         Lieut,  Haddeifs  jfournaL 


water  sufficient  to  work  a  Saw-mill  in  the  middle  ; 
here  the  enemy  having  neglected  to  destroy  a 
small  Bridge  we  passed  the  Ravin  and  creek 
without  opposition. 

The  whole  of  this  column  and  Baggage  having 
gained  the  opposite  height,  the  army  halted  at 
12  o'clock  for  near  an  hour,  during  which  time 
several  shot  were  fired  &  returned  by  our  advanced 
Sentries. 

Nearly  a  quarter  of  an  hour  before  we  resumed 
our  march  the  Picquets  of  the  British  line  (ioo 
Rank   &  File)  advanced  under  Major  Forbes  *<* 


ta.  Gordon  Forbet  was  born  in,  or 
about,  the  year  1738.  He  entered  the 
British  military  service  Aug.  27,  1756,  as 
an  ensign  in  the  33d  Foot,  and  was  pro- 
moted Oct.  1,  1757,  to  a  lieutenancy  in 
the  7ad  Foot,  which  corpj  had  previously 
been  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  33d.  He 
obtained  a  captaincy  Oct.  17,  1762,  and 
served  with  the  72d  in  the  Havannah 
until  1764,  when  it  returned  to  England 
and  was  disbanded ;  whereupon  Capt. 
Forbes  exchanged  into  the  34th  Foot,  his 
commission  therein  bearing  date  April 
1 2th  in  that  year.  He  served  with  that 
regiment  in  Louisiana  and  other  parts  of 
America,  and  returned  to  England  with 
it  in  1773.  In  the  spring  of  1776  Capt. 
Forbes  accompanied  hii  regiment  to 
Canada,  and  on  Nov.  nth  of  that  year 
was  promoted  to  the  majority  of  the  9th 
Foot,  which  was  alio  in  Canada.  In  the 
following  year  he  participated  in  Bur- 
goyne's  campaign ;  and  July  9th  took  an 
active  part  in  the  aftair  near  Fort  Ann. 
In  the  battle  of  Freeman's  Farm,  Sept. 
I9tb,  he  commanded  the  British  pickett 
and  was  wounded  very  early  in  the  day. 
Speaking  of  this  officer's  cooduct  during 


Burgoyne'i  campaign.  Cannon,  in  hit 
Historical  Record  of  the  9th  Regiment, 
page  32,  says — "  Major  Gordon  Forbes 
behaved  with  great  gallantry  and  was 
twice  wounded."  As  we  find  his  name 
in  no  casualty  list  except  that  of  Free- 
man's  Farm,  and  as  he  himself  sayi, 
"  after  the  action  of  the  19th,  I  went  to 
the  hospital  to  get  my  wounds  dressed, 
and  did  not  join  the  regiment  till  the  8th 
of  October,"  he  could  not  have  taken 
part  in  the  action  of  Bemus'  Heights, 
Oct.  7th ;  hence  he  must  have  received 
two  wounds  at  Freeman's  Farm.  He  waa 
included  in  Burgoyne's  capitulation,  and 
his  name  is  attached  to  the  Cambridge 
Parole.  He  was  exchanged,  or  paroled, 
in  1778,  and  sailed  for  England  ;  but  the 
Eagle  packet,  on  which  be,  with  other 
British  officers,  bad  embarked,  was  cap- 
tured Sept.  29tb  of  that  year,  by  the 
American  privateer  Vengeance,  of  20 
guns,  and  carried  into  Corunna.  Late 
in  1778  and  early  in  1779  he  aided  in 
raising  the  74th  Foot,  or  Argyle's  High- 
landers— so  named  because  it  was  raised 
under  tbe  auspices  of  the  Duke  of 
Argyle,  and  mostly  from  bis  cUn,  and 


Lieut.  HaddetCs  JournaU        163 

(9th  Regt.)  and  were  repulsed  with  loss  by  a 
corps  of  Rifle-men  commanded  by  the  Rebel 
Colonel  Morgan. 

Major  Forbes  was  wounded  and  the  retreat  of 
his  Detachment  was  secured  by  the  Battalion  of 
Light  Infantry  sent  from  the  column  on  the 
Right  commanded  by  Brig'r  General  Frazer. 

The  British  troops  halted  &  formed 'till  the 
whole  of  Major  Forbes's  party  came  in — and 
having  commenced  a  fire  without  orders  (by 
which  many  of  our  own  people  were  killed  in 
retreating)  Maj'r  Kingston  proposed  the  firing  a 
Gun  to  check  it,  which  had  the  desired  efl^sct  and 
by  that  accident  I  fired  the  first  Shot  from  the 
main  body  of  this  Army. 

About  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  the  British 
Regiments  arrived  opposite  to  Freemans  House 

the  105th  Foot.  Oct.  3d  of  the  lame 
year  he  became  a  major  general ;  and  he 
remained  colonel  of  the  105th  until  it 
was  disbanded  in  1796,  though  he  was 
continued  un  full  pay  after  that  event. 
Jan.  24,  1797,  he  was  appointed  colonel 
of  the  8i8t,  or  Loyal  Lincoln  Volunteers, 
but  his  stay  with  that  regiment  was  short, 
as  he  was  transferred  to  the  29th  Foot 
Aug.  8th,  1797;  and  of  that  corps  he 
remained  colonel  for  thirty  years.  Gen. 
Forbes  commanded  the  troops  at  St. 
Domingo  for  two  years.  He  became  a 
lieut. -general  Jan.  i,  1801  ;  and  a 
general  Jan.  i,  1812.  He  died  at  Ham 
in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  Jan.  17, 
1828,  in  the  90th  year  of  hit  age. 
[B.  H:  £.3.  188:  H.  J.  418,  440: 
B.  N.  63:  B.  M.  86,  note] 


in  1779  he  testified  before  a  committee 
of  the  House  of  Commons  in  regard  to 
Burgoyne'd  disastrous  campaign.  He 
became  the  lieut.  colonel  of  the  newly 
raised  I02d  Foot  Sept.  24,  1781,  and 
served  with  it  in  the  Ease  Indies,  where 
he  received  the  local  rank  of  colonel  in 
the  East  Ind'es  only,  June  13,  1782. 
At  the  general  peace  of  1783  the  io2d 
was  disbanded,  and  Col.  Forbes  went 
upon  half-pay.  He  became  the  lieut.- 
colonel  of  the  74th  Foot  Oct.  12,  1787, 
but  in  the  Army  List  ai  1789  he  dis- 
appears from  the  regimental  list  of  that 
organization,  and  in  the  list  of  lieut. - 
colonels  in  the  army  he  appears  as  latt 
lieut. -colonel  of  that  corps  He  became 
a  colonel  in  the  army  Nov.  18,  1790, 
and  he  remained  unattached  till  April 
18,  1794,  when  he  was  made  colonel  oi 


164.         Lieut,  Haclden's  Journal, 

thro,  which  I  was  ordered  to  fire  a  Shot  and  it 
not  taking  effect  Capt.  Jones  laid  the  second  him- 
self with  success,  but  there  being  no  Enemy  in 
it  (tho.  it  was  from  hence  Major  Forbes  was 
first  attacked)  the  Troops  passed  a  small  bridge 
(over  a  hollow  way  or  large  gutter  apparently 
made  by  heavy  falls  of  Rain)  and  took  post  at 
the  skirt  of  a  wood  a  little  beyond  it. 

Sep'r  19th  continued.       [See  Maps.] 

The  Enemy  being  in  possession  of  the  wood 
almost  immediately  attacked  the  Corps  which 
took  post  beyond  two  log  Huts  on  Freemans 
Farm.  Capt.  Jones's  Brigade  was  hasten'd  to 
their  support,  I  was  advanced  with  two  Guns  to 
the  left  of  the  62nd  Regt  and  ye  two  left  com- 
panies being  formed  en  potence  I  took  post  in  the 
Angle.  Lieut.  Reid  who  remain'd  with  Capt 
Jones  and  the  other  two  was  posted  between  the 
9th  6c  2 1st  Rcgts: — 

In  this  situation  we  sustained  a  heavy  tho.  in- 
termitting fire  for  near  three  hours,  and  Gen'l 
Frazers  Corps  being  also  attacked,  tho.  partially, 
Five  companies  of  the  24th  Regt.  were  advanced 
into  the  wood  in  their  front,  and  being  repulsed 
a  second  attempt  was  made  with  whole  Regi- 
ment, in  which  they  succeeded  with  the  loss  ot 
about  fifty  Men. 

The  Enemy  continuing  the  heat  of  their  at- 
tack on  the  flank  (and  occasionally  the  rear)  of 
the  62nd   Regt.,   that  Corps  suflfer'd  very  much. 


li!!!!'/,!  I  !  If; 


'"'M^^t*:.^^;^ 


■*■" 


N 


(- 


( 


H 


'I' 


(5 


\ 

I 


J 


Lieut.  Hodden's  jfournal.         165 

and  having  lost  in  killed  or  wounded  Nineteen 
out  Twenty  two  Artillery  attached  to  my  two 
Guns  Posted  in  the  Angle,  I  applied  to  Brig'r 
Gen'l.  Hamilton  for  a  supply  of  Infantry,  and 
(while  speaking  to  him  my  cap  was  shot  thro, 
in  the  front)  not  being  able  to  obtain  relief  was 
rcferr'd  to  Gen'l.  Phillips  who  was  with  Gen'l 
Burgoyne  just  beyond  one  of  the  two  log  Huts. 

On  making  known  my  situation  Capt.  Jones 
was  order'd  to  let  me  have  all  the  Men  from  one 
of  Lt.  Reids  Guns  with  a  view  I  believe  to  re- 
tire mine  a  little,  Capt.  Jones  was  order'd  to 
accompany  me  himself 

The  Enemy  being  reinforced  and  advancing 
closer  since  the  fire  of  the  flank  Guns  were 
silenced  I  found  on  my  return  that  the  62nd 
Regiment  had  made  an  unsuccessful  effort  to 
force  them,  by  which  that  Regt.  lost  25  Pris- 
oners, and  being  worn  down  had  begun  to  get 
into  confusion,  in  which  situation  I  found  them. 
Capt.  Jones  immediately  began  firing,  but  being 
himself  very  soon  wounded  as  were  also  the 
whole  of  the  men  we  brought  up,  I  was  desired 
to  endeavour  to  eflfect  the  Retreat  of  my  Guns, 
but  before  I  cou'd  accomplish  it,  the  62nd  Regt. 
having  lost  1 87  Killed  or  Wounded  and  25  Pris- 
oners (out  of  between  3  &  4  hundred  of  which 
the  EflFectives  of  the  Batt'n  consisted)  were  forced 
to  abandon  the  Hill  &  on  it  my  Guns.  Having 
supported  Capt.  Jones  in  my  arms  for  some  time 


1 66        Lieut,  Hadden*s  Journal. 

I  carried  him  into  one  of  the  Huts  which  was 
filled  with  wounded  and  being  sometime  before 
I  cou'd  find  a  place  to  lay  him  in,  the  whole  of 
the  Troops  had  quitted  the  height  and  it  was 
with  difficulty  I  got  within  our  own  line  which 
was  advancing  under  Gen'l.  Phillips,  and  at  that 
time  not  more  than  a  hundred  yards  from  the 
Enemy,  who  were  following  the  retreating  troops. 

During  this  attack  the  20th  Regt.  was  thrown 
into  the  wood  on  the  left  of  the  corn  field  and 
repulsed  the  Enemy  which  saved  the  Rear  of  the 
62nd  Regt.  from  being  galled  by  them. 

As  the  attack  was  so  much  on  the  left  the 
9th  Regt.  not  being  useful  in  their  original  situa- 
tion, was  retired  across  the  Bridge  and  continued 
as  a  Corps  of  reserve,  'till  the  retreat  of  the  62nd 
Regt.  when  Geni  Phillips  arriving  with  some 
more  Guns  under  Col.  Williams,  advanced  at  the 
head  of  the  British  line  (with  two  German  Regi- 
ments on  their  left)  repossessed  the  height  and 
my  Guns.  The  Grenadiers  under  Gen'l  Frazer 
moving  forward  on  the  right  at  the  same  time  a 
very  heavy  fire  commenced,  the  Rebels  thus 
pressed  retreated  on  all  sides,  and  being  driven 
across  the  Field  made  the  best  of  their  way  to 
their  works.  By  this  time  it  being  nearly  dark 
no  further  pursuit  was  attempted. 

During  the  attack  on  the  62nd  Regt.  two 
Companies  of  light  were  advanced  on  our  left 
and  effectually  cleared  us  of  attack  which  was 
not  renewed  'till  they  were  withdrawn 

End  of  Journal. 


HADDEN'S  ORDERLY  BOOKS. 


[As  the  General  Orders  in  Hadden's  Orderly  Books  are 
frequently  unaccompanied  by  the  name  of  the  general  issuing 
them,  the  names  in  such  cases  are  not  attempted  to  be  supplied 
by  the  editor,  save  in  very  rare  instances  when  they  are  put  in 
brackets,  although  the  known  absence  of  Gen.  Carleton  from, 
and  the  presence  of  Lieut.  Gen.  Burgoyne  at,  the  place  of  the 
date  of  the  order,  often  furnishes  a  clue  to  the  author.  The 
General  Orders  without  the  names  of  the  persons  issuing  them, 
are  almost  without  exception  those  of  Burgoyne  or  Phillips,  the 
majority  being  by  Burgoyne.  General  Orders  were  issued 
by  the  officer  of  highest  rank  at  the  place  of  issuance  on  the 
date  of  the  order.  Thus,  if  a  General  Ordtrr  was  issued  at 
Chambly,  and  Gen  Carleton  was  there  at  the  date  of  it,  it  was 
issued  by  him  :  otherwise  by  Lieut.  Gen.  Burgoyne,  were  he 
present.  Should  both  be  absent,  however,  then  Major  Gen. 
Phillips  would  issue  the  order.  As  Carleton  and  Burgoyne,  in 
1776,  were  constantly  going  from  place  to  place,  it  is  not 
always  easy  to  say  exactly  who  issued  some  of  the  orders.  As 
Sir  Guy  Carleton  was  commander  in  chief  in  Canada  in  1776 
and  1777,  all  orders  issued  by  him  anywhere  in  that  province 
applicable  to  troops  within  it,  were  paramount  to  General 
Orders    issued     by    any     other     officer ;      General    Orders 


i68  HaddetCs  Orderly  Books. 

being  only  more  or  lets  general,  or  relatively  general, 
according  to  circumstances.  The  king's  orders,  or  those  o( 
the  secretary  of  state  for  war,  applied  to  British  troops  every- 
where, if  applicable  to  them.  The  General  Orders  of  the 
commander  in  chief  of  a  province,  applied  to  all  the  troops 
within  that  province  if  applicable  to  them  ;  and  the  General 
Orders  of  the  general  of  highest  rank  in  a  particular  locality, 
applied  simply  to  the  troops  within  tluit  district  or  restricted 
locality.  If  an  inferior  officer  desired  to  issue  an  order  he  could 
only  issue  a  Division,  Brigade  or  Regimental  Order,  and  only 
of  such  a  character  as  would  not  conflict  with  the  orJers  of  his 
superiors.     Editor.'] 


[By  Sir  Guy  Carleton.J 

General  Orders,  June  yd,  1 776. 

Captain  Edward  Foy  of  the  Royal  Artillery  is 
appointed  Deputy  Adjutant  General  to  the 
Army  in  Canada. 

All  Reports  from  the  Ordnance  either  concern- 
ing the  Engineering  Branch,  or  Artillery  De- 
partment to  be  made  to  Major  General  Phillips, 
through  whom  all  Orders  will  be  communicated 
to  them. 

Captain  Bloomfield  of  the  Royal  Artillery  is 
appointed  Major  of  Brigade  to  Major  General 
Phillips. 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,  169 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 
Brigade  Orders.  June  yd,  1 776. 

Lieutenant  Twiss*'*  is  to  proceed  to  Three 
Rivers,  and  give  his  directions  for  constructing 
of  Boats.     The  description  of  one  of  these  Boats 


W  tb.  William  Twist  wm  born  in  ur 
•bout  the  year  1745.'  He  entered  the 
military  department  of  the  Ordnance  in 
July,  1760,  and  was  commiMiuned  a 
practitioner  engineer  and  eniign  in  the 
Royai  Enginecri  in  1764.  All  hit  We 
be  remained  connected  with  the  engineer 
corpt  in  tvhich  he  w.t  promoted  to  be  a 
lub-engineer  and  lieutenant  April  I, 
1771.'  From  1762  to  1771  he  served 
ai  an  engineer  in  the  garrison  at  Gibraltar, 
and  from  1771  to  the  end  of  1775  he 
was  employed  on  the  new  tbrtiAcations 
then  constructing  for  the  defence  uf  the 
dock  yard  at  Portsmouth.  Early  in 
1776  Litut.  Twis*  embarked  with  the 
reinforcements  sent  out  to  Gen.  Carlcton.^ 
He  landed  at  Quebec  late  in  May  of  that 
year,  and  on  the  loth  of  the  next  month 
he  was  appointed  on  the  staff  of  Major 
Gen.  Phillips. 4  He  assisted  in  expelling 
the  Americans  from  Canada,  and  tiien 
Sir  Guy  Carleton  appointed  him  comp- 
troller of  works.  In  conjunction  with 
Lieut.  Schanck,  the  superintendent  of 
the  naval  department,  he  was  set  about 
constructing  a  fleet  for  Lake  Champiain, 
with  gun  boats  and  batteaus  for  convey- 
ing the  army  across  the  lake.  They 
began  their  arduous  undertaking  the 
middle  of  July,  when  the  British  govern- 
ment had  neither  vessel  nor  boat  on 
Lake  Champiain,  nor  the  smallest  build- 
ing for  barracks,  storehouses,  or  work- 
(hops.  Notwithstanding  all  difiiculties 
the  fleet  v/as  built;  and,  Uct.  nth,  it 
fought  and  beat  the  Americans  ac  Valcour 
Island,  thus  winning  for  Great  Britain 

22 


the  naval  supremacy  on  Lake  Champiain, 
which  it  retained  throughout  the  war.3 
The  following  sentence  it  from  Sir  Guy 
Carleton's  order  issued  from  Isle  aus 
Noix  Oct.  4th,  1776,  relating  to  '•  • 
disposition  being  made  for  the  army  to 
proceed  in  search  of  the  enemy,"  vix  ; 
"Captain  Pringle,  Captain  Dacres,  and 
Captains  Schanks  and  Starke  of  the 
Navy,  and  Lieut.  Twiss  of  the  Corps  of 
Engineers  deserve  particular  distinction 
in  this  acknowledgment,  it  being  to  the 
indefatigable  attention  uf  these  g:.'ntlemen 
that  the  surprisingly  expeditious  advance- 
ment of  the  important  works  carried  on 
is  owing."  5  Lieut.  Twiss  accompanied 
the  army  to  Crown  Point  in  the  autumn 
of  1776,  and  also  returned  with  it  and 
wintered  in  Canada. 

In  the  spring  of  1777  he  was  appointed 
chief  engineer  of  Burgoyne's  army.  To 
his  zeal  and  activity  at  the  investment 
of  Ticunderoga  was  due  the  precipitate 
evacuation  of  that  post  by  the  Americans, 
as  he  reported  to  Gen.  Phillips  that  he 
could  cut  a  road  to  the  top  of  Mount 
Defiance  in  twenty-four  hours  and  plant 
a  battery  there  which  would  command 
the  American  fortifications.  He  set 
about  his  work  with  characteristic  earnest- 
ness, but  the  Americans  did  not  wait  to 
tee  him  finish  it.  He  served  throughout 
Burgoyne's  campaign  and  was  present  at 
all  the  general  engagements.  He  was 
included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention,  but 
was  exchanged  a  few  days  afterwards,  and 
returned  to  Ticonderoga,  which  post  he 
assisted  in  evacuating  in  November,  1777. 


i 


I/O         Hadderi's  Orderly  Books, 


is  a  common  flat  bottom  called  a  King's  Boat  or 
Royal  Boat,  calculated  to  carry  from  30  to  40 
men  with  stores  and  provisions,  with  this  only 
difference,  that  the  Bow  of  each  Boat  is  to  be 
made  square  resembling  an  English  Punt,  for  the 


In  the  autumn  of  1778,  he,  together  with 
Capt.  Aubrey  of  the  47th,  and  Lieut. 
Schank  of  the  navy,  was  sent  by  Gen. 
Haldimand,  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  successor, 
to  establish  a  post  at  the  entrance  of 
Lake  Ontario',  and,  on  the  i8th  of 
December  of  that  year,  he  was  promoted 
to  be  a  capt.  lieutenant  and  captain, 
which  gave  him  the  full  rank  of  captain 
oi  engineers."^  The  high  opinion  enter- 
tained of  this  officer  by  his  superiors  is 
shown  by  the  two  following  letters  from 
Gen.  Haldimand,  then  commander  in 
chief  in  Canada,  the  first  to  Lord  Towns- 
hend,  and  the  second  to  Lord  George 
Xvermaine, 

"i^H*A«,  June  \%th,  1779. 
^  ...."Capt-  Marr,  who  is  at  present 
the  senior  Engineer  in  the  Province  1 
found  stationed  at  Quebec  by  Gen. 
Carleton,  and  the  entire  direction  of  all 
the  other  Forts  &c.  put  under  Lieut. 
Twiss.  I  continued  this  Regulation 
both  because  I  thought  it  for  the  good 
of  the  service,  and  as  far  as  I  could  learn, 
that  it  was  also  your  Lordship's  inten- 
tions it  should  be  so.  A  more  thorough 
knowledge  of  these  Gentlemen  has  con- 
vinced me  that  I  was  right,  and  as  Capt. 
Marr  is  now  old  and  intirm,  I  have  this 
summer  consented  to  'he  request  (he 
made  last  Fall  tho.  too  late)  of  returning 
to  England,  and  1  shall  order  him  to  lay 
before  your  Lordship  his  remarks  upon 
Cape  Diamond  together  with  his  Pro- 
posals for  a  Citadel,  and  I  do  earnestly 
request  that  your  Lordship  will  apply  to 
Hit  Majesty  to  have  Lt.  Twits  appointed 
the  Chief  Engineer  of  this  Province,  at 
I  have  found   his  xeal,  activity  and  abil- 


ities equal  to  the  important  trust,  and 
although  he  has  the  Misfortune  of  being 
low  in  Rank,  1  am  informed  he  hat  been 
19  years  in  the  service,  and  being  actively 
employed  during  the  whole  of  that  time."' 

Sfuebtc.  \%tk  yune,  1779. 
"I  have  the  satisfaction  of  in- 
forming your  Lordship  that  every  Branch 
of  the  Engineer  Dept.  which  is  carried 
on  under  the  direction  of  Lt.  Twiss  it 
performed  with  great  judgment  and  econ- 
omy, and  I  have  such  confidence  in  hit 
abilities  and  integrity  that  I  request  he 
may  be  appointed  the  Chief  Engineer  for 
this  Province,  and  Capt.  Marr  who  has 
been  employed  as  Engineer  at  Quebec 
having  applied  for  leave  (tho.  too  late) 
latt  Fall  to  return  to  England  I  have 
now  permitted  to  go  home  by  the  next 
ship. 

"  The  several  posts  established  for  the 
security  of  the  Country  are  so  very  dis- 
tant, that  it  not  only  requires  an  uncom- 
mon share  of  activity  in  the  Chief 
Engineer,  but  also  great  dependence  upon 
the  application  of  each  officer  under  him, 
as  they  have  separate  stations,"  &c.' 
^During  the  remainder  of  our  Rev- 
olutionary struggle  Capt.  Twiss  served  in 
different  parts  of  Canada  as  commanding 
engineer,  and  at  the  peace  of  1783  he 
obtained  leave  to  return  to  England. 
In  1785  he  was  employed  as  secretary  to 
the  Board  of  Land  and  Sea  otficert,  ap- 
pointed under  the  King's  sign-  manual, 
to  report  upon  the  defonces  of  the  dock 
yardt  at  Portsmouth  and  Plymouth. 
From  1785  to  1791  he  terved  as  an 
engineer  at  Portsmouth  where  many  new 
workt     were     being     conttructed,    par- 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books*  171 

conveniency  of  disembarking  the  Troops,  by  the 
means  of  a  kind  of  broad  gang  board,  with  Loop- 
holes made  in  it  for  Musquetry,  and  which  may 
serve  as  a  Mantelet  when  advancing  towards  an 
Enemy,  and  must  be  made  strong  accordingly. 


ttcularly  Fort  Cumberland  at  the  entrance 
of  Langston  Harbor.^  He  became  a 
lieut.-colonel  in  he  Royal  Engineers 
July  16,  1794';  and  Dec.  26th  of  the 
tame  year  he  was  appointed  lieut.-gov- 
ernor  of  the  Royal  Military  Academy  at 
Woolwich,  the  duties  of  which  position 
he  assumed  Jan.  I,  1795.  'This  office, 
which  was  worth  £300  a  year,  he  con- 
tinued to  hold  until  he  became  colonel 
commandant  of  the  Royal  Engineers  in 
1809,  when,  by  the  rules  of  the  service, 
he  was  superseded,  Lieut.-Colonel  Mudge 
of  the  Royal  Artillery  being  appointed 
his  successor  Aug.  16,  1809.9  He  was 
during  all  this  time,  however,  employed 
on  various  services.  Between  1792  and 
1799  he  was  engaged  in  increasinj  and 
strengthening  the  defences  on  the  cojsts 
of  Kent  and  Sussex,  particularly  at  Dover 
Castle.  When  Col.  Hay  of  the  En- 
gineers was  killed  in  Holland,  in  1799, 
Lieut.-Colonel  Twiss  was  sent  there  as 
commanding  Royal  Engineer,  and  served 
under  the  late  Duke  of  York,  remaining 
there  until  the  evacuation  of  that  country 
was  completed. 3  The  reputation  of 
Lieut.-Colonel  Twiss  with  his  brother 
officers  at  this  time  is  well  illustrated  by 
the  following  extract  from  a  letter  written 
by  the  Marquis  Cornwallls  to  Major 
General  Ross.'°  The  Marquis,  after  re- 
ferring to  Col.  Hay"s  death,  says  : — "  The 
force  destined  to  serve  in  Holland,  which 
is  one  of  the  most  considerable  in  number 
of  our  national  troops  that  has  ever  been 
employed  on  the  Continent,  has  now  no 
Engineer  of  rank  or  character.  Should 
not  the  Ordnance  say  something  to  the 
Duke  of  York,  even  if  H.  R.  H. 
should  make  no  application }  I  should 
have  thought  that  Twiss,  who  is  certainly 


our  best,  should  have  the  direction,  with 
some  assistants  who  would  be  more  able 
in  point  of  bodily  fatigue." 

Jan.  I.  1800,  he  became  a  colonel  in 
the  army-,  and  during  that  year  he  was 
sent  to  visit  the  islands  of  Guernsey  and 
Jersey. 3  April  18,  180 1,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  be  colonel  of  Engineers^  and 
the  next  year  he  was  ordered  10  make 
the  tour  o(  Ireland  and  report  respecting 
its  defences.  In  1803  he  was  again  sent 
to  the  coasts  of  Kent  and  Sussex.  In 
1804  he  was  appointed  a  brigadier-gen- 
eral3,  and  Oct.  30,  1805, a  major-general.' 
During  this  latter  year  he  was  directed 
to  carry  into  execution  the  system  of  de- 
tached redoubts  and  towers,  which  gov- 
ernment had  adopted  for  the  defence  of 
some  of  the  sea  coast,  and  which  was 
finished  about  1809.  He  was  also  one 
of  the  engineers  sent  to  report  how  hr 
the  same  system  was  applicable  to  the 
eastern  coast.  3  He  became  colonel  com- 
mandant of  the  Royal  Engineers  June 
24,  1809' j  and  in  1810,  after  an  active 
service  of  fifty  years,  he  obtained  leave  to  re- 
main unemployed  and  retired  into  the 
country. 3  He  became  a  lieut. -general 
Jan.  I,  18 1 2,  and  a  general  May  27, 
1825.'  His  only  child,  Katharine  Maria, 
wife  of  Walker  Ferrand,  Esq.,  died  Feb. 
15,  1827,  and  Gen.  Twiss  survived  her 
scarcely  a  month,  as  he  died  at  Harden 
Grange,  Yorkshire,on  the  I4ih  of  March 
in  that  year,  aged  82  years3,  there  being 
but  one  officer  above  him  on  the  Royal 
Engineer  List  at  the  time  of  his  death.  ^ 
['C  V.  313.  »B.  H.  3E.  R.  364. 
*¥.  E.  6.  SF.  E.  50.  «F.  H.  26,  27. 
7F.  H.  102.  8F.  H.  108.  »K.  R.  54» 
58,  84.     '"C.  W.  ia8.] 


172  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 

B.  O.  June  6M. 

T/ie  Genera/  having  directed  Major  General 
Phillips  to  take  the  Department  of  Artillery  and 
Corps  of  Engineers  under  his  command ^  he  is  assured 
the  utmost  Harmony  and  good  Disposition  will 
subsist  between  the  two  Corps  so  very  necessary 
for  his  Majesty's  Service.  Major  Williams  being 
Commanding  Officer  of  the  Detachment  of 
Artillery,  under  Major  General  Phillips,  will 
have  the  ordering  all  detail,  and  ordinary  duties, 
and  he  will  receive  his  orders  from,  and  report 
to  Major  General  Phillips  on  all  occasions. 

Major  Gordon  ^''  will  make  such  arrangements 
in  the  Corps  of  Engineers  as  he  shall  see  proper. 


ec.  Harry  Gordon  of  Knockespock, 
in  the  parish  of  Clatt,  Aberdeenshire, 
came  from  an  old  Scutch  family,  that 
obtained  from  James  IV,  in  1508,  a  grant 
of  the  barony  of  Clatt,  which  was  re- 
newed by  Jdmes  VI,  in  1604,  "to  his 
beloved  James  Gordoun  of  Knockes- 
poke."'  The  early  British  Army  Lists 
do  not  mention  the  Engineer  Corps,  so  it 
is  impossible  to  state  when  Major  Gor- 
don entered  the  Royal  Engineers.  In 
the  Army  List  of  1756  he  is  down  as  a 
sub-engineer,  which  grade  was  equivalent 
to  a  lieutenant  of  Foot,  but  no  date  of 
commission  is  given.  He  became  an 
engineer  in  ordinary  and  captain  Jan  4, 
1758,  and  a  major  in  the  army  July  23, 
1772.'  He  was  serving  in  Canada  in 
Sept.,  17763,  and  he  had  probably  been 
stationed  there  for  several  years  prior 
thereto.  A  letter  written  from  Quebec,  to 
be  found  in  the  London  Chronicle  for  Aug. 
7-9,   1777,  says,  ''Major   Gordon,  Chief 


Engineer,  goes  home,  and  is  succeeded  by 
Capt.  Twiss  of  the  same  corps;"  and 
the  same  pjper  for  Aug.  5-7,  1777, 
under  date  of  Aug.  6,  says,  "  Col.  Gor- 
don, lately  arrived  from  Quebec,  was 
presented  to  the  King  at  St.  James,  and 
had  the  honour  of  a  conference  with 
his  Majesty."  He  became  a  lieut, -col- 
onel in  the  army  Aug.  29,  1777,  and  a 
sub-director  of  engineers  and  major  in 
that  corps  Dec.  18,  1778.  Hie  last  pro- 
motion was  Nov.  20,  1780,  when  he 
was  made  a  colonel  commandant  of  En- 
gineers, or  simply  colonel,  as  that  grade 
afterwards  was  known,  and  his  name 
appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the  last 
time  in  1787.'  He  married  a  Phil- 
adelphia lady  named  Hannah  Meredith, 
by  whom  he  had  four  sons  and  two 
daughters,  and  one  of  his  sons  subsequently 
became  a  major-general  in  the  army. 
His  descendants  still  survive.'  [<Q.  321. 
"B.  H.     3F,  E.  49.] 


'     HadderCs  Orderly  Books,  173 

and  will  be  so  good  to  order  an  Officer  to  receive 
orders  from  the  Major  of  Brigade  every  Day. 

The  Major  General  informs  the  Officers  that  in 
common  detail  Duties^  he  means  to  adhere  to  a 
Roster y  but  tn  particular  cases  not ;  as  he  shall 
always  employ  such  Officer s^  as  he  shall  think  most 
proper  from  Experience  in  the  Service;  and  he 
makes  no  doubt  but  the  young  and  newly  ap- 
pointed Officers  will  use  every  means  to  make 
themselves  intelligent  in  the  service,  and  by 
activity,  and  a  strict  attention  to  their  duty, 
render  themselves  useful  and  good  Officers  ;  and 
he  does  assure  them  he  shall  study  to  give  them 
every  possible  mark  of  regard  and  favour  accord- 
ingly. 

The  Major  General  relies  on  the  Captains  for 
the  strictest  attention  to  their  Subalterns  and 
men,  that  they  will  discourage  all  Ideas  of  dif- 
ficulty, and  prepare  them  for  a  fatiguing  cam- 
paign, which  the  Major  General  is  assured  will 
be  entered  upon  with  Zeal,  and  pursued  with  all 
manner  of  Activity,  Subordination,  and  strict 
Discipline. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 
B.  O.  June  jth. 

Second  Lieutenant   Collier '^^ will  act  as  Secre- 

ed.  William  Collier  entered  the  He  was  appointed  a  zd  lieutenant  in  the 
Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  3d  Battalion  of  the  Royal  Artillery 
u  a  gentleman   cadet,  March  i,  1768.     March   15,  1771  ;  a  ist  lieutenant  July 


174         HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

tary  to  Major  General  Phillips  during  this  Cam- 
paign, all  Orders  signified  by  him  from  the 
Major  General  are  therefore  to  be  obeyed. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

B.  O.  June  8M. 

Major  Gordon  on  completing  two  armed 
Boats,  and  having  given  such  orders  relating  to 
the  rest,  as  also  with  regard  to  the  large  Boat, 
so  that  the  completing  of  the  whole  may  go  on 
under  the  direction  of  the  Engineer  who  is  left 
at  Quebec,  will  set  out  as  soon  after  as  he  pleases 
for  the  Army  :  he  will  direct  Engineer  Wade 
to  take  such  plans,  and  make  such  inspection  of 
the  works  at  Quebec,  as  may  be  necessary  to 
form  a  report  for  the  General,  of  the  present 
situation  of  the  place,  so  that  arrangements  may 
be  taken  to  put  it  into  that  state  of  defence  as 
may  be  thought  proper. 

Captain  Jones  will  remain  at  Quebec  taking 
upon  him  the  command  of  the  Garrison  Artil- 
lery. 

German  additional  Gunners  at  Quebec  are  to 
receive  6^  per  day  and  non-commissioned  Officers 
yd  per  day. 

7i    1779  >     3   capt. -lieutenant    Dec.     i,  March  i,  1794,  be  was  made  a  major 

1782;  and  a  captain   March   16,  1791.  in  the  army,  and  he  died  in  Corsica  July 

He  served   under    Burgoyne,  and  was  in-  ai,  1796.     [O.  U.]    -^ 
eluded     in     the    Saratoga    Convention. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,  175 

As  all  orders  in  detail  go  through  Major 
Williams,  he  is  to  have  an  Officer  constantly 
att?.whed  to  him,  who  will  receive  Brigade 
Orders,  and  the  Detachment  will  obey  any 
orders  delivered  in  Major  Williams'  name  by 
this  Officer  during  the  Campaign,  Major  Williams 
will  appoint  who  he  pleases  to  this  duty. 

By  Sir  Guy  Carleton, 

General  Orders.  'Three  Rivers,  June  1  oM,  1 776. 

Lieutenant  Twiss  of  the  Engineers  is  appointed 
an  Aid  de  Camp  to  Major  General  Phillips. 

General  Officers  appointed  to  serve  in  the 
Army  in  Canada  under  the  Command  of  his  Ex- 
cellency Guy  Carleton,  General,  Governor,  &c. 

Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne,  Majors  Gene- 
ral Phillips  and  Reidesil ;  Lieu'ts  Colonels 
Nesbit,  ^^  Eraser,    Powel    and    Gordon,    are    ap- 

tt.    William       Nesbit     entered     the  Own,  and  on  the  i6th  oF  the   following 

British  military  service  April  20,  175 1,  April  he  exchanged  into  the   59th    Foot. 

as  an  ensign  in  the  j6th  Foot.     He  was  On  the  list  of  March,   1765,  he  again 

promoted   to  a   lieutenancy  in    his  regi  exchanged,  this  time  into  tha  47th  Foot, 

ment  Oct.  15,    1754,  and   to  a  captaincy  This  latter  regiment  was  in   America  at 

in  the    2d   Battalion  of  the    31st  Foot  the  beginning  of  the  Revorutionary  war, 

Sept.  2,  1756.     This  battalion  was  de-  and  for  nearly  a  year  prior  thereto,  and 

tached  from  the  3i8t  in   1758  and  re-  took  part  in   the   battles   of  Lexington 

numbered    as    a    separate     organization,  and   Bunker  Hill.     In  the  order  issued 

whereupon  his    regimental  number    be-  by  Gen.  Gage  two  days  after  the  latter 

came  the  70th  Foot.     May  i,  1760,  he  action    thanking    the    troops  for   their 

became  the  major  of  his  regiment,  and  gallantry,    Lieut.-Col.    Nesbit   it    men- 

on  the  6th  of  the  following  February  he  tioned    by    name.     The  47th    was    des- 

exchanged    into  the   69th  Foot.     Nov.  patched    to    {Quebec    in    the     spring    of 

14th,    1762,    he  was    promoted    to  the  1776,  and  its  lieut.-colonel  went  with  it. 

lieut.-colonelcy    of    the  4th   or  King's  June   10,   1776,  Lieut.-Col.  Nesbit  wai 


176         Hadden^s  Orderly  Books, 

pointed    to   act   as   Brigadier  Generals,  till    the 
King's  pleasure  is  known. 


By  Sir  Guy  Carleton, 

General  Orders.  J^fi^  iithy  1 776. 

Ensign    Freeman  ^/  of  the  24th   Regiment  is 
appointed    to    act  as    Major  of  Brigade  to    the 


appointed  to  act  as  brigadier-general  till 
the  King's  pleasure  could  be  known,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  First  Brigade,  com- 
posed of  the  9th,  47th,  and  31st  regi- 
ments, to  which,  upon  the  death  of 
Gen.  Gordon,  the  2i8t  was  added. 
During  the  following  September,  he 
was  so  seriously  attacked  with  illness 
that,  on  the  15th  of  that  month,  Lieut. - 
Colonel  Hamilton,  of  the  zist,  was  ap- 
pointed to  relieve  him  during  his  sick- 
ness ;  and  late  in  the  succeeding  Octo- 
ber, or  the  early  part  of  November,  he 
died.  Some  Americans  have  reflected 
severely  upon  Col.  Nesbit's  humanity. 
Col  Irvine,  in  recounting  his  adven- 
tures after  the  battle  of  Three  Rivers 
upon  the  retreat  from  Canada,  when  he 
and  some  of  the  other  baffled  Americans 
took  to  the  woods  to  escape  capture, 
wrote  in  his  journal  as  follows  :  "  Gen. 
Thompson,  Bird  and  I  then  concluded 
it  would  be  better  to  deliver  ourselves  up 
to  British  officers,  than  to  run  the  risk  of 
being  murdered  in  the  woods  by  the 
Canadians.  Indeed,  we  were  so  ex- 
hausted as  to  be  unable  to  march  fur- 
ther; accordingly,  we  went  up  to  a 
house  where  we  saw  a  guard,  and  sur- 
rendered ourselves  '  prisoners  at  discre- 
tion.' Colonel  Nesbitt  commanded  here, 
by  whom  we  were  cruelly  treated.  His 
party  marched  hence  for  Trois  Rivieres. 
A  strong  guard  marched  with  the  whole 
of  the   prisoners.     General    Thompson 


and  I  had  the  honor  of  being  marched 
for  six  miles  in  the  common  crowd, 
without  further  distinction  than  being 
placed  near  the  front.  The  command- 
ing officer  would  neither  allow  us  horses 
or  a  carriage,  though  we  requested  it, 
and  represented  to  him  our  miserable 
condition.  Notwithstanding,  we  were 
hurried  off  in  a  few  minutes,  and  pushed 
exceedingly  fast  for  six  miles,  when  we 
arrived  at  head-quarters.  Generals  Carle- 
ton  and  Burgoyne  were  both  here,  who 
treated  us  very  politely.  They  ordered  us 
refreshments  immediately;  indeed,  Gene- 
ral Burgoyne  served  us  himself."  A  writer 
of  a  letter  from  Boston,  dated  Dec.  5, 
1776,  to  be  fouad  in  the  American  Ar- 
chives, 5th  series,  vol.  3,  1089,  animad- 
verts upon  "the  noted  Colonel  Nesbit," 
in  this  manner  :  "His  skill  in  military 
matters  we  are  strangers  to ;  but  this  we 
can  say  of  him,  that  he  was  master  of 
the  art  of  tarring  and  feathering,  as  he 
tried  his  hand  on  a  pour  countryman  in 
this  town  some  time  before  the  Lexing- 
ton battle."  [B.  H  :  E.  Z :  D.  M. 
200:   F.  E.  7,  38,  55  :   F.  X.  117.] 

ef.  Quin  John  Freeman  began  his 
military  career  as  an  ensign  in  the  24th 
Foot,  July  7,  1775'.  ^^^  "^"^  y**""  he 
accompanied  his  regiment  to  Canada, 
where,  on  June  nth,  he  was  appointed 
brigade  major  to  Brig.  Gen.  Fraser's 
brigade".      In  1777,   he   participated  in 


KaddetCs  Orderly  Books.  177 

Corps  commanded  by  Brigadier  General  Fraser. 
Lieutenant  Dacres  of  his  Majesty's  Ship  Le 
Blond*,  is  appointed  an  Assistant  Quarter  Master 
General. 

Lieutenant  Thomas  Story  ^.<7  of  the  47th  Regi- 
ment is  appointed  to  act  as  Major  of  Brigade  to 
Brigadier  General  Nesbit. 


Burgoyne'g  expedition  and  was  embraced 
in  the  Cambridge  parole.  AFter  Gen. 
Fraser'  death  he  served  on  Gen.  P.ifH. 
esel't  statf,  and  that  otficer,  in  writing  to 
Lord  Shelburne,  in  1782,  uses  this  lan- 
guage :  ''  I  have  in  my  suite  two  Eng- 
lish officers — one  in  the  capacity  of  an 
assistant,  by  the  name  of  Willoe,  cap- 
tain of  the  8th  Regiment,  and  another, 
Lieutenant  Freeman,  my  adjutant,  of  the 
24th  Regiment,  who  was  formerly  brig- 
adier major  to  Brigadier-General  Frazer 
who  fell  October  7th,  1777,  in  the  en- 
gagement near  the  school  house.  Both 
of  these  officers  were  detailed  to  me  by 
Lord  George  Germaine  by  the  orders  of 
his  majesty,  the  king  of  Great  Britain. 
While  the  other  generals  have  found 
means  for  doing  something  for  their  ad- 
jutants, I  have  been  unable  to  do  any- 
thing to  show  my  gratitude  to  my  two 
officers,  who  consequently,  hold  to  this 
day  the  same  rank  as  when  I  first  had 
the  pleasure  of  having  tl.em  assigned  to 
mc.  Both  are  officers  of  talent,  and 
both  are  full  of  zeal  for  the  service,  and 
can  be  employed  with  profit,  should  an 
opportunity  offer.  1  am  convinced  that 
it  would  be  of  the  greatest  advantage  to 
them  if  they  should  be  remembered  by 
your  excellency  when  a  chance  of  pro- 
motion occurs ;  and  such  a  favor,  on 
your  part,  would  lay  me  under  the 
greatest  oblig-xtions,  which  I  should  en- 
deavor to  reciprocate  whenever  an  oppor- 
tunity offered."*  Freeman  became  a 
lieutenant  in  his  regiment  Oct.  8,  I777» 

23 


and  a  captain  Jan.  25,  1786;  and  he 
was  promoted  to  be  major  of  Lord  Bel- 
vedere's Foot,  the  93d,  July  9th,  1794. 
There  is  some  confusion  in  the  Army 
Lists  as  to  the  date  of  his  becoming  a 
lieut. -colonel  in  the  army,  some  giving 
it  as  Oct.  27,  1794,  and  others  as 
March  10,  1795.  He  became  lieut.- 
colonelofthe  i6th  Foot  Sept.  i,  1795J 
Deputy  Barrack-Master-General  in 
Ireland,  May  10,  1799,  a  position  hs 
held  till  1822;  colonel  in  the  army 
Jan.  I,  1801;  major-general  April  25, 
1808;  lieut. -general  June  4,  18 13; 
and  general  July  22,  1830.'  He  died  at 
Liverpool  Dec.  i,  1834,  in  the  80th 
year  of  his  age,  after  a  connection  with 
the  British  army  of  nearly  sixty  years. ^ 
['B.  H.  »F.  E.  7.  3K.  N.  137.  4L. 
U.  144]. 

eg.  Thomas  Storey  was  commissioned 
a  lieutenant  in  the  99th  Foot  April  29, 
1763  His  regiment  was  reduced  the 
same  year,  and  he  went  upon  half-pay, 
where  he  remained  till  June  6,  1770, 
when  he  was  commissioned  as  a  lieu- 
tenant in  the  47th  Foot,  then  in  Ireland. 
He  undoubtedly  participated  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill,  and 
accompanied  his  regiment  to  Canada  in 
1776.  June  II,  1776,  he  was  ap- 
pointed brigade  major  to  Brigadier  Gen. 
Nesbit,  who  commanded  the  FirstBrigade, 
Lt.-Col.  Hamilton  succeeding  to  the  brig- 
ade on  Nesbit's  death.  He  served  through 
Burgoyne's  campaign,  and  waa  included 


1 


178  Haddens  Orderly  Books, 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.  Lake  St.  Peter* s,  i/^thjuney  1776. 

The  two  Pieces  of  Canfion  under  Lieutenants 
Smith  «^  and  Yorke^*'  are  to  be  put  under  the 
Command  of  Captain  Mitchelson,  who  will  go 
on  with  the  Grenadiers  and  Light  Infantry,  and 
will  act  with  them,  taking  his  Orders  from  the 
Commanding  Officer  of  the  Troops,  whoever  he 
shall  be  on  Landing. 


in  that  otiicer't  surrender,  his  name  ap- 
pearing on  the  Cambridge  Parole.  He 
became  a  captain  April  6,  1778,  and  he 
exchanged  into  the  20th  Foot  April  I, 
1780.  At  the  peace  ot"  1783,  when 
the  addition?!  companies  of  the  aoth 
were  reduced,  he  went  upon  half-pay, 
but  the  next  year  he  exchanged  with 
Capt.  William  Culliford  on  to  the  active 
list  of  his  regiment,  his  second  commis- 
tion  9S  captain  in  the  zoth  bearing  date 
June  9,  1784.  He  appears  for  the  last 
time  on  the  Army  Lists  in  1794.  [B. 
H.] 

ch.  William  P.  Smith  entered  the 
Ro)al  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich, 
as  a  gentleman  cadet,  April  I,  1768,  and 
was  commissioned  a  2d  lieutenant  in  the 
Royal  Artillery  March  15,  1771.  He 
served  through  Burgoyne's  campaignj  was 
wounded  in  the  action  of  Oct.  7,  1777  ; 
was  included  in  the  Saratoga  surrender 
and  signed  the  Cambridge  Parole.  He 
became  a  ist  lieutenant  July  7,  1779;  a 
capt.-lieutenant  Feb.  28,1782;  acaptain 
May  24,  1790;  and  he  commanded  No. 
6  Company,  2d  Battalion.  His  subse- 
quent commissions  were  major  in  the 
army  March  i,  1794;  in  the  artillery 
April  25,  1796;  lieutenant-colonel  in 
the  army  Jan.  1,  1798,  in  the  artillery 


Jan.  8,  1799;  and  colonel  in  the  artillery 
July  20,  1804.  He  died  at  Leith  fort, 
July  23,  1806.  [  B.  H  :  G.  U  :  C.  Z. 
181  :  G.  V.  176.J 

ci.  John  H.  York  entered  the  Royal 
Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  May  i, 
1768,  as  a  gentleman  cadet;  and  March 
'5>  I77i>  h"-  W9  commissioned  as  a  2d 
lieutenant  in  the  ist  Battalion  of  the 
Royal  Artillery,  which  was  stationed  in 
America  in  1772  and  1773.  When  he 
went  to  Canada  is  not  known,  but  he 
was  with  Burgoyne  in  1777,  during  the 
latter  part  of  whose  campaign  he  was 
attached  to  the  left  division  of  the  artillery; 
and  he  was  taken  prisoner  in  the  battle 
of  Bemus'  Heights,  Oct.  7.  He  became 
a  1st  lieutenant  July  7,  1779;  a  capt.- 
lieutenant  April  9,  1782;  and  a  captain 
May  26,  1790,  his  being  No.  3  Company, 
4th  Battalion,  now  "  8  "  Battery,  2d 
Brigade.  He  became  a  major  in  the 
army  March  I,  1794;  a  major  in  the 
artillery  Dec.  9,  1796;  a  lieut.  colonel 
in  the  army  Jan  i,  1798;  a  lieut.- 
colonel  in  the  artillery  July  16,  1799; 
and  a  colonel  in  the  artillery  July  20, 
1804.  He  was  drowned  on  the  coast  of 
Brazil  Nov,  I,  1805.  [G.  U  :  B.  H  : 
H.  I.  10:  C.  Z.  257,  315.] 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.         179 

Two  Ammunition  Carts  to  be  added  to  those 
two  Guns,  that  a  greater  proportion  of  Ammuni- 
tion may  be  carried  with  the  Guns  on  Shore,  the 
rest  of  the  Ammunition  and  Stores  are  to  be  so 
loaded  in  the  Boat  or  Boats,  as  to  be  got  at  with 
the  greatest  ease  in  order  to  supply  the  Guns  on 
Shore  without  delay. 

Two  Brigades  to  be  formed  immediately  and 
to  be  ready  for  landing  under  Major  Wil- 
liams, each  Brigade  to  consist  of  four  Six 
Pounders,  the  ist,  Captain  Carter  and  his  Com- 
pany, the  2nd,  Captain  Walker  and  his  Company. 
The  rest  of  the  Officers  and  men  are  to  be 
so  divided  as  to  render  the  two  Brigades  equal. 
A  Conductor  of  Stores  to  be  appointed  to  each 
Brigade, — an  Ammunition  Cart  with  each  Gun 
with  its  proper  proportion  of  Ammunition  and 
Stores  for  Action. 

The  rest  of  the  proportion  of  Ammunition 
and  Stores  to  correspond  as  nearly  as  possible  to 
that  given  by  the  Major  General  at  Quebec. 
The  Brigades  to  be  divided,  and  Officers  attached 
to  each  directly,  so  that  when  Guns  are  ordered 
to  be  separated  from  either  of  the  Brigades,  it 
may  be  instantly  done,  with  the  proper  number 
of  Officers  and  Men  ;  to  do  this,  each  Brigade 
must  be  divided  and  subdivided. 

A  proportion  of  Entrenching  Tools  to  be 
taken  with  each  Brigade  as  it  may  be  necessary 
to  form  Batteries  on  Shore. 


i8o  Hadden*s  Orderly  Books, 

One  Long  Boat  filled  with  Entrenching  Tools 
to  attend  the  Landing  of  the  Troops  with  a 
careful  Conductor,  who  will  deliver  Tools  in 
such  quantities  as  may  be  demanded,  taking  down 
the  names  of  the  Officers  who  demand  them, 
and  the  quantities  delivered  to  each. 

The  greatest  precision  is  to  be  observed  by  the 
Officers  in  giving  their  Orders,  the  greatest  Cool- 
ness and  Subordination  by  the  men  in  obeying 
them,  and  as  the  use  of  Artillery  in  action  will 
depend  on  a  clear  arrangement  and  management 
of  the  Guns,  and  a  strict  attention  of  the  men  to 
their  Officers,  in  order  to  which  the  most  pro- 
found Silence  is  absolutely  necessary ;  Major 
General  Phillips  therefore  orders  the  Officers  to 
punish  on  the  Spot  during  the  time  of  Action 
any  disobedience  of  these  Orders. 

The  Officers  in  the  Field  being  separated,  arc 
to  command  according  to  Seniority,  but  are  not 
to  detach  themselves  from  the  Brigade  to  which 
they  are  posted  by  Major  Williams  according  to 
this  Order. 

Particular  Instructions  in  the  Field  when 
landed,  relative  to  the  Nature  of  the  ammunition 
to  be  employed  at  particular  times,  whether 
Round  or  Grape,  the  posting  of  Guns  in  par- 
ticular Situations,  will  fall  under  the  Orders  of 
Major  Williams,  the  Captains  Commanding 
Brigades,  and  the  eldest  Officers,  as  they  may 
happen  to  be  detached. 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,  i8i 

Major  General  Phillips  relies  on  Major 
Williams,  and  the  Detachments  continuing  that 
Zeal  and  good  Conduct  for  which  the  Corps  of 
Artillery  have  hitherto  been  so  fortunately  dis- 
tinguished. 

The  utmost  care  to  be  taken  that  the  Artillery 
do  not  uselessly  fire  away  their  Ammunition, 
nor  even  fire  at  all,  but  when  some  Object  ap- 
pears to  make  it  necessary.  The  great  con- 
sequence of  this  Order  will  be  evident  from 
considering  how  difficult  it  will  be  to  supply 
regularly  the  Ammunition  on  Shore.  This 
Order  particularly  addressed  to  the  young  Officers, 
who  are  to  take  care  not  to  fire  their  Guns  too 
quick,  and  not  without  being  well  spunged  and 
carefully  pointed. 

Whenever  it  may  be  necessary  to  call  for  the 
assistance  of  the  Infantry  in  deep  roads  or  marshy 
grounds  or  in  steep  ascents  or  descents,  appli- 
cation must  be  immediately  made  to  the 
Brigadier  General,  if  with  the  Brigade,  or 
otherwise  to  the  Commanding  Officer  ot  the 
nearest  Regiment,  if  the  situation  is  so  critical 
as  to  prevent  an  application  to  the  Commanding 
Officer  of  the  Troops  on  the  spot. 

Whenever  there  is  in  General  Orders  anything 
relating  to  the  delivery  of  Ammunition,  Powder, 
Entrenching  Tools  &c.  &c.  to  the  Troops,  the 


1 82  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

Commanding  Officer  of  Artillery  will  direct  the 
Commissary  to  issue  them  without  waiting  for 
Brigade  Orders  from  the  Major  General. 

G.  O.  Sorely  June  1 5M,  1 776. 

Parole — St.  Paul.  C.  S. — Varenne. 

The  remainder  of  the  first  Brigade  will  land 
at  Sorel  as  soon  as  the  weather  will  permit : 
Brigadier  General  Nesbitt  will  follow  the  rear 
of  the  Rebels  with  the  Light  Infantry,  Grena- 
diers, and  Canadians  of  his  Brigade  as  far  as 
St.  Denis,  where  he  will  take  post  till  further 
Orders. 

Brigadier  General  Nesbitt  will  take  fourteen 
Days  provisions  and  the  Camp  Equipage  for  all 
his  Corps. 

If  the  Weather  or  any  other  circumstances 
occasion  delay  in  collecting  the  Boats  with 
Provisions  and  Camp  Equipage,  Brigadier  Nes- 
bitt will  march  without  it,  and  leave  a  proper 
Officer  and  Detachment  to  bring  it  after  him 
with  all  possible  expedition.  A  Detachment  of 
the  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery,  with  two 
Field  Pieces,  will  march  with  Brigadier  Nesbitt 
in  his  Service. 

The  Surgeons,  Apothecaries,  and  Mates  of 
the   general     Hospital    on    board    the    diflferent 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,  183 

Transports  to  immediately  repair  on  board  the 
Monimia  Transport  to  receive  Orders. 

G.  O.  Off  St.  Sulpice,  June  16M,  1776. 

Parole  —  St.  Simon.  C.  S.  —  Bie. 

The  29th  Regiment  is  to  disembark  im- 
mediately on  the  North  Shore  with  Provisions 
to  the  20th  Instant  inclusive,  and  they  are  to 
march  forthwith  to  take  possession  of  Montreal, 
at  which  place  they  are  to  wait  for  further 
Orders. 

The  rest  of  the  British,  and  the  Troops  of 
Brunswick  and  Hanau  are  to  disembark  im- 
mediately on  the  South  Shore  with  Provisions 
likewise  to  the  20th  inclusive,  and  they  are  to 
assemble  with  all  expedition  near  the  Church  of 
Vercheres  which  is  opposite  the  headmost  Ships. 

The  Brigade  of  Artillery  as  ordered  yesterday 
by  Major  General  Phillips  is  to  disembark  with 
these  last  Troops,  to  be  provided  in  the  like 
manner,  and  to  assemble  as  fast  as  possible  at  the 
same  place. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

G.  O.  Verchere,  \6th  June,  ^11^' 

Parole — Carleton.  C.  S.  Canada. 

An  Officer  of  each  Corps  to  attend  during 
the  Night  with   the  Captain  of   Militia  in  the 


184  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

Town  the  arrival  of  the  Troops,  which  are 
immediately  to  be  cantoned  in  the  Neighbour- 
ing Houses  and  Barns,  and  to  be  in  readiness  to 
march  early  in  the  Morning  :  the  strictest  Disci- 
pline to  be  observed. 

A  Subaltern's  Guard  of  Twenty  four  Men  to 
form  the  Guard  now  mounted  on  the  great 
Road  towards  Varenne,  this  Guard  to  make 
frequent  Patroles,  at  least  half  a  Mile  towards 
Varenne  and  to  be  extremely  vigilant. 

A  Subaltern  and  30  Men  to  mount  near  the 
Church  who  will  give  Centinels  to  Brigadier 
General  Powel,  and  the  Field  Officers  :  Patroles 
are  to  go  continually  from  this  Guard  about  the 
Village,  and  not  to  suffer  any  Soldier  to  straggle 
out  of  their  Quarters,  it  will  likewise  patrole  as 
far  as  the  advanced  Guard. 

In  case  of  an  Alarm  or  when  the  Troops  are 
ordered  to  assemble,  it  is  to  be  on  the  grand 
Road  near  the  Church. 

The  Artillery  will  mount  the  Guard  already 
ordered. 

G.  O.  Vercherres,  \jth  June^  ^77^- 

Parole  —  Quebec.  C.  S.  -    Britain. 

The  Corps  to  march  this  morning. 

The  advanced  Guard  consisting  of  two  Com- 
panies of  the   2oth,  and  three  of  the  24th,  with 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.  185 

two  Six  Pounders  to  proceed  to  Boucherville 
under  the  Orders  of  Major  Carleton,  who  will 
receive  Orders  from,  and  report  to  Major  Gen- 
eral Phillips. 

Brigadier  General  Powell  with  the  Grenadiers 
of  the  24th,  and  three  Companies  of  the  21st,  and 
the  53rd  Regiment  to  march  to  Varenne  and 
Canton  there. 

The  Quarters  to  be  formed  close  together,  so 
that  the  Men  may  be  able  to  assemble  on  the 
shortest  notice  at  the  alarm  Posts,  which  will  be 
fixed  at  Varenne  :  A  Piquet  of  2  Subalterns  and 
36  Men  to  be  posted  towards  the  Woods  looking 
on  Chamble.  The  Piquet  will  advance  400 
Yards,  two  small  Piquets  as  Posts  of  Intelligence, 
and  will  make  frequent  and  strong  Patroles  in  the 
Front,  and  on  their  Flanks. 

A  Piquet  of  a  Captain,  two  Subalterns,  and  50 
Men,  is  to  form  as  near  the  alarm  Post  as  possible  and 
to  make  frequent  Patroles  about  Varenne,  towards 
the  advanced  Subaltern's  Piquet  and  also  on  the 
road  for  a  Mile  or  two  towards  Boucherville. 

The  21st  Regiment  will  take  this  Duty. 

A  Return  of  the  Provisions  is  to  be  given  in, 
and  what  is  not  cooked  to  be  done  to-day. 

The  Men  are  to  clean  and  oil  their  Feet  and 
Shoes,  and    take    every  means  to    refresh,   and 


i86  HadderCs  Orderly  Books. 

be  prepared  for  long  Marches.  Should  any  of 
the  Men  be  left  behind,  they  are  to  be  sent  for 
up  to  night  to  Varennes. 

The  24th  Grenadiers  to  mount  Guard  on  the 
General  at  2  o'Clock. 


General  after  Orders.  i  0^  Clock. 

The  Piquets  not  to  assemble  till  5  o'Clock. 
His  Excellency  General  Carleton  will  then  be 
here  and  will  give  his  Orders. 


After  Orders.  VarrenneSy  6  o'Clock. 

The  Corps  which  arrived  here  this  Day  to 
march  tomorrow  morning  at  4  o'Clock,  to  as- 
semble at  i  past  3.  Brigadier  General  Powell 
will  march  towards  Longueil  where  further 
Orders  will  be  given. 

The  advanced  Guard  under  Major  Carleton  to 
march  tomorrow  morning  at  5  o'Clock  to  Lon- 
gueil :  It  is  to  take  up  its  Cantonments  at  the 
extreme  part  of  Longueil  towards  La  Prairie 
where  it  may  refresh,  but  to  be  prepared  to  renew 
the  March  at  the  shortest  notice  :  Major  Carle- 
ton will  send  a  Report  to  meet  the  March  of 
Brigadier  General  Powell. 


.     Hadden's  Orderly  Books.  i8j 

G.  O. 

J'"-^n„es,  imjune,  .776.  5   H.    A.  M. 
When    Brigadier    General    Powel    arrives   at 
ten   th^'^ii'   -"'-'he  ..St   Regiment,    ; 

Barns  ^onZ  ^TT,  """""S  "'^  "°"^««  ^"d 
ChZuv  A  '&  °J  Longueil  which  leads  to 
Chamble  and  this  Regiment  will  give  a  Cap- 
tain 2  Subalterns  and  50  Men  for  the  General's 
Guard,  which  will  afterwards  form  the  pfnue 
or  Piquets  for  the  night.  ^ 

rJ}%  ^""'"■^'  '^^  ^+"'  Grenadiers,  and  the 
53rd  Regiment  to  be  quartered  as  near  toother 
a^    possible   in    the    Centre   of   Longueil^    A„ 

Zf:r  who'  ""n  '°"""r '  i^  ^'■■■''"S^  *h«  Canton- 
ment    who    will    mark    Houses   for   the    Head 

Quarters,  the  Majors  General,  and  the  BrigadTer 

Major  Carleton  and  the  advanced  Guard  will 

ro'clockThk  P     ''°  'l^P^^P^^d  to  march  at 
furtht  Orders      ""'"^'  '"  "°''°--'nble  till 

Longueii,  i  past  8. 
A  Return  to  be  given  in  directly  of  the  num- 
ber of  Carnages  that   will   be  necessary  for  the 
baggage,  and  the  sick  Men  of  each   C^rZ    i 
what   Calashes   will    be   wanted" tcSl^^'  S 


1 88  Hadden^s  Orderly  Books, 

Commanding  Officers  of  Corps,  and  such  other 
Officers  as  may  be  unable  to  march  by  Lameness 
or  Sickness.  The  Artillery  to  make  a  Return  of 
what  Horses  they  will  want. 

Should  there  be  a  few  men  of  each  Corps 
unable  to  march  quick  from  being  very  much 
foot  sore,  they  may  compose  the  Baggage  Guard. 

The  Arms  and  Ammunition  to  be  inspected 
into,  and  put  into  complete  Order  this  Afternoon. 


G.  O.    Longueily   1 8M  June,  1 776,  5  o'clock  P.  M, 
Parole — St.  Matthew.  C.  5. — Montreal. 

Brigadier  General  Powel  with  the  Troops 
under  his  Orders  will  march  tomorrow  morning 
to  La  Prairie  where  further  Orders  will  be 
given. 

The  whole  to  assemble  at  i  past  3  o'Clock  and 
march  as  soon  after  as  possible. 

Horses  for  the  Artillery,  Charettes  for  the 
Baggage,  and  Calashes,  as  many  as  can  be  got, 
will  be  at  the  Church  tomorrow  Morning  at  3 
o'clock:  Any  man  absolutely  incapable  of 
marching,  may  remain  here  under  the  care  of  a 
Non  Commissioned  Officer — a  Return  of  such 
men  to  be  made  to  Major  General  Phillips  at 
la  Prairie. 


Haddetis  Orderly  Books.  189 

f  7^""   Grenadiers   to   lead,  then   the  Artillery, 
followed  by  the  21st  and  53rd  Regiments. 

.u  ^i^'^^f  °^9"e  Subaltern,  and  20  Men  from 
the  Guard   to   be   advanced   at   Sun   set   a  small 
distance  m   the  front    of  the    Quarters    of  the 
Grenadiers.     This    Piquet     to    keep    continual 
Patroles  in  their  Front  during  the  Night.     An 
House  or  Barn  to  be  found  to  lodge  this  Piquet  in. 
The  advanced  Guard  is  to  continue  accoutred 
and  ready   to  be  under   Arms  at  the   least  notice 
or    Alarm      A    strong    Piquet    is    to   be    posted 
towards  the  Road  of  St.  John,  and  small  Parties 
of   Intel  igence    posted    forward    not    exceeding 
two  Miles ;   the  utmost  attention  taken  to  avoid 
Surprize.     A  great  party  of  Canadians  will  join 
Major  Carleton  this  Evening  to  assist  in  making 
Roads,   and  repairing   Bridges,   the  utmost   dili- 
gence to  be    used,  and  if  possible,  the  Work   to 
be  continued  all  Night.     The  Canadians   about 
la    Prairie    are   to    be  employed   on    the   Roads 
torward   at  a   distance :  These   Canadians   are  to 
be   obliged  to  work,   and  are  not  to   have  anv 
covering   Party,  but   still  it  is   to    be  insisted  on 
tnat   the   most   vigorous   exertion  is  to  be   used  • 
bhould    any    Indians  of  the    Saut  de    St.  Louis 
arrive  to    offer    their    Services,    they   are    to    be 
ordered  to  return    to  their  Villages  and  remain 
there  ;  and  should  any  of  the  Indians,  who  have 
gone  to  the  Rebels  yesterday  or  have  favoured 


190  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

the  Rebels,  and  are  not  returned  to  their  Vil- 
lages, are  to  be  ordered  to  return,  and  remain,  on 
pain  of  being  treated  as  Rebels.  Any  material 
Intelligence  to  be  forwarded  directly. 


G.  O.  La  Prairie,  20  June,  1776. 

Parole — St  Luc.  C.  S. — Ostend. 

The  British  Troops  shall  take  up  the  follow- 
ing Cantonments  as  soon  as  conveniently  they 
can. 

Brigadier  Frazer's  Corps  to  relieve  the  Guard 
at  St.  Johns,  and  to  be  cantoned  on  the  two 
Roads  leading  to  that  Post  as  follows. 

The  Grenadiers  next  St.  Johns,  and  the  24th 
in  their  rear  on  the  Road  from  Chamblee.  The 
Light  Infantry  in  the  road  from  La  Prairie. 

Gordon's  Brigade  except  the  29th  shall  can- 
ton in  the  rear  of  the  Light  Infantry  on  the 
same  road. 

Nesbitt's  Brigade  shall  canton  in  the  rear  of 
the  24th  Regiment  at  Chamblee,  and  Powell's 
Brigade  in  the  rear  of  Nesbitt's  at  Belloiel. 

Major  General  Phillips  wil!  give  Orders  con- 
cerning the  Artillery,  which  will  occupy  St. 
Charles  on  the  Sorell. 

The  Brigadiers  will  canton  their  Brigades, 
attending    to    the    convenience   of  the    Troops, 


Hodden's  Orderly  Books.         19 1 

fame^fi'"'  '°  those  next  St.  John's,  and  at  the 
same  time  so  as   to  be   ready   to   support   each 
other,  should  any  Attack  be  made  by  ?L  Rebels 
Bread  for  four  Days  will  be  delivered  to  the 

the  T.L  T^r"'"S  ""'*  to-morrow  morning  to 
the  24di  Inclusive,_they  will  apply  to  Mr. 
Wier  Commissary  near  the  Church  at  La 
Prairie:  Every    Regiment   may    receive  at   the 

trih  ,}    I'  Z^'""^   "'^y   "-i"    k"l.   and    dis- 

fresh  M.»        '  "!."  ^."°""'^  '°  >'«  l^^Pt  °f  the 
tresh  Meat  received  and  delivered. 

^  Every  Regiment  and  the  Corps  of  Artillery  is 
to  send  Its  general  Return  to  the  Deputy  Adju- 
tant General  as  soon  as  possible. 

G.O.  Montreal,  22„a  June,  iyj6 

Par,/e~St.  Luc.  C.  ^.-SorelL 

G.O.  Montreal,  2yd  June,  1776 

W._St.Mark.  c.  ^.-Hesse.   . 

Those  Regiments  who  have  not  already  got 
up  their  Camp  Equipage,  will  send  for  it  as^soC 

down  the  River,  and  soon  return  to  Europe 
It  IS  recommended  to  the  officers  to  deposit  the.V 
heavy  Baggage  at  Montreal,  Quebec,  or   SorcT 


192  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

It  is  the  Commander  in  Chief's  express  Orders 
that  the  Monthly  Returns  of  the  first  of  June 
be  given  in  immediately  by  the  British  Regi- 
ments and  Artillery  to  the  Deputy  Adjutant 
General,  and  also  that  they  do  prepare,  and 
make  their  returns  of  the  ist  of  July  to  be  given 
in  on  that  Day. 


G.  O.  Montreal^  24M  June,  1 776. 

Parole— ^t.  Philip.  C.  ^.— Beck. 

All  the  Surgeons  of  the  different  Regiments, 
to  collect  the  sick  of  their  respective  Corps,  and 
make  out  a  state  of  their  Cases,  that  such  as 
stand  in  need  of  it,  may  be  sent  to  the  general 
Hospital  at  Montreal. 

All  men  sent  to  the  general  Hospital  to  be 
sent  with  their  Arms,  and  necessaries,  the  Clerks 
of  the  Hospitals  granting  a  receipt  to  the  Regi- 
ments for  the  same  :  The  Regiments  are  to  pay 
into  the  general  Hospital  the  Men's  Pay,  a 
certain  sum  excepted,  which  is  to  be  left  to 
furnish  them  with  necessaries,  which  sum  is  to 
be  hereafter  regulated  by  the  Commander  in 
Chief. 

Any  non-commissioned  Officer  or  Soldier 
detected  in  trafficking  with  the  Indians  in  Rum, 
or  anything  else  is  to  be  punished  in  the  severest 
manner. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,         Tg7 

Brigade  Orders.  24M  June,  1 776. 

A  Return  is  immediately  to  be  made  out  and 
transmitted  to  Major  General  Phillips  of  such 
men  as  have  not  had  the  Small  Pox,  and  the 
Surgeon  of  the  Detachment  is  to  be  ordered  to 
prepare  them,  to  prevent  as  much  as  possible  the 
III  consequences  that  may  attend  their  catchine 
It  m  the  natural  way.  ° 

The  clothing  of  such  men  as  have  not  been 
properly  fitted,  are  to  be  immediately  completed 
and  the  Detachment  is  to  be  furnished  with 
such  necessaries,  as  they  may  stand  in  want  of 
in  order  that  they  may  appear  perfectly  clean' 
and  dressed  in  a  Soldier-like  manner  to  which 
particular  attention  must  be  had. 

*>  '        "  ■    ''  ■"'■'"■-■'.■■-■-    r 

G^.  0.  -  Montreal,  z^th  June,  1776. 

Parole— -%i,  Andrews.  C.  *S.— Bristol. 

Mr.  Landrief  is  appointed  Inspector  of  the 
Batteaux  at  Montreal,  and  is  to  assist  the  Com- 
missary General  in  transporting  Forage  and 
Provision  to  the  upper  Country.  All  applica- 
^IT\  \  Batteaux  at  Montreal  to  be  made  to 
Mr.  Landrief,  and  none  to  be  taken  without  his 
permission. 

No  officers  on  any  pretence   whatever  to  ask 
tor,  or  take  any  Cart  or  Calash  without  paying 
for    them  :  Any    Officer  or  Non-commissioned 
25 


19+  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

Officer  detected  in  taking  any,  exclusive  of  pay- 
ing the  price,  which  is  one  Shilling  pr.  League 
will  be  punished. 


G.  O.  ChambUey  Tjih^June^  ^11^- 

Parole — St.  Samuel.  C  5, — Bruges, 

The  ten  British  Regiments  to  furnish  two 
Tents  each  for  the  use  of  the  Light  Infantry  and 
Grenadiers  of  the  47th  Regiment,  which  are  to 
be  sent  to  them  as  soon  as  possible. 

G.  O.  Chamblie,  2StA  June,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Paul.  C.  S. — Newport. 

The  causes  of  the  deficiency  of  a  Market,  as 
alleged  by  the  People  of  the  Country  are,  that 
the  Articles  which  they  would  have  been  in- 
clined to  bring  to  public  Sale,  have  been  taken 
from  them  in  their  Houses:  that  Women  in 
Canoes  have  been  insulted,  and  discountenanced 
by  Men  bathing,  with  other  irregularities  which 
have  discouraged  this  useful   Plan. 

It  is  therefore  Ordered,  that  no  Person  bring- 
ing Refreshments  to  Market  be  stopped,  or  their 
Articles  interrupted  on  any  pretence  whatever. 

That  the  Market  be  held  at  the  Church  at 
Chamblee,  and  be  open  Monday,  Wednesday 
and  Friday  from  the  Hours  of  Six  to  Nine  in  the 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.  195 

morning.  An  officer's  Guard  to  be  mounted  for 
the  protection  and  regularity  of  the  Market  and 
M  le  hL  °""  '^'  ^'}^^'  '°  ""=  extended  to  o"e 
the  r  C^n?o'  '°  "'"''  '''''"''•  ""''  '°  '^e  rear  of 
Fo"estamnL~   '"    '"""'    ^oX.u.^on    or 

bathe'r^'"  tT^  '^"?''"""'  ^^°  ='^'=  billing  to 
Datne     in   which    pract  ce    thev    shonIH   k. 

couraged  as  highly ';eneficialt7heaTthlreVb; 
assembled  at  a  certain  hour  every  Mo  nTnV  and 

orTwl;  c'"  ''-^  '"Pr"""  °f  '  Co„irsfio„"ed 
more  ,h^;  hTT""'^  Officer,  and  not  allowed 
M^n  ,  r  u'"^'"  ''°'"'  ^^-^  '''"  purpose,  and  no 
Man  to  bathe  at  any  other  time  of  the  Day 

as  ^rA,f"Z  »'^IT''"'  P''  ^"g^'l^  '°  "'end 
as  ^rderly  at  Head  Quarters,  to  carry  all  Order, 
to  the  different  Brigades.  ^  ' 

G.  O.         Chamblee,  2^th  June.  1 776,  Saturday. 

P«r«/._Matthew.         C.  5.-Crown  Point. 

It  being  necessary  for  the  distribution  of  Pro 
2'ons  to  the  Army,  that  assistance  be  given  «; 
the  Commissary  General,  ^ 

BrSde^of  Z'  f""'  '^"'  ^f  "PP-^'-d  to  each 
Brigade  ot  the  Army  one  under  Assistant  Com- 

Brigade    for  the  receipt  and  delivery  of  Provis- 


196  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

ions,  as  also,  when  such  Brigade  may  be  far 
distant  from  the  general  Magazine,  for  providing 
I'ro visions  for  it. 

This  under  Assistant  Commissary  to  be  sub- 
ject to  all  Instructions  from  the  Commissary 
General,  the  Deputies  and  Assistants,  and  is  also 
to  receive  Orders  for  the  security  of  Provisions 
on  particular  occasions  from  the  Brigadiers 
General  of  the  Brigade  to  which  he  is  attached. 
This  appointment  to  be  allowed  five  Shillings 
per  day,  during  its  continuance,  and  the  General 
allows  the  Brigadier  General  to  recommend  an 
Officer  of  each  Brigade  for  this  Service,  taking 
care  that  he  be  Active  and  Intelligent,  and  as  a 
further  Assistance  to  the  Army  in  this  particular, 
the  General  directs  that  a  very  careful,  sober, 
active,  honest  Non-commissioned  Officer  be 
recommended  from  each  Regiment,  who  is  to 
act  as  a  distributor  of  the  Provisions  to  his  re- 
spective Regiment. 

He  is  to  be  immediately  subordinate  to  the 
under  Assistant  Commissary  of  the  Brigade  in 
which  his  Regiment  is,  and  to  be  answerable  to 
him  for  all  provisions  received,  and  all  delivered  to 
the  Regiment:  He  is  to  keep  a  most  exact  Account 
of  the  Rations,  with  the  weight  of  each  par- 
ticular Species,  which  Account  he  is  to  deliver 
in  on  the  24th  of  each  Month  to  the  under 
Assistant  Commissary,  to  be  laid  before  the  Com- 


Hadden^s  Orderly  Books.         197 

missary  General,  and  it  is  to  be  certified  by  the 
Non-commissioned  Officers  so  appointed  upon 
Oath.  One  Shilling  and  Sixpence  per  diem  is  to 
be  allowed  to  these  Non-commissioned  Officers. 

A  Return  to  be  given  in  immediately,  what 
Artificers  are  to  be  had  from  every  Regiment, 
noting  the  different  branches  of  Masons,  Smiths, 
Carpenters,  Wheelwrights,  and,  particularly.  Saw- 
yers. 

No  Officers  or  others  are  to  make  demands  for 
Horses  or  Carriages,  but  by  an  Order  from 
Brigadiers  General,  and  the  Country  is  on  no 
account  to  be  distress'd,  as  the  Service  will  suffisr 
from  it  :  All  carriages  to  be  suffered  to  return 
home  after  the  Service  is  performed,  and  are  not 
to  be  stopped  on  the  way  :  One  hundred  men  to 
be  ordered  from  the  Parishes  of  Contrecoeur  and 
Vercherres  to  work  on  the  Roads  between  St, 
John's  and  Chamblee :  They  will  be  furnished 
with  Provisions,  and  relieved  every  fortnight. 

The  Regiments  to  be  under  Arms  in  their 
several  Cantonments  for  two  hours,  and  no  more 
in  the  cool  of  every  Morning  to  prepare  them- 
selves for  active  Service :  No  Exercise  need  be 
practised,  except  Loading,  Levelling,  charging 
with  Bayonets,  and  marching,  in  which  it  is 
meant  to  comprehend  changing  front  by  Divis- 
ions, and  by  Files  ;  suffering  the  Regiment  to 
break  and  form  upon  one  given  point,  either  by 


198  HadderCs  Orderly  Books. 

a  file  from  Right,  Left  or  Centre  :  The  Order  of 
forming  is  to  be  at  two  deep,  and  the  Files  1 8 
Inches  asunder. 

All  Parades  of  the  Regiments  to  be  with 
Arms  :  The  men  not  to  be  kept  more  than  one 
hour  at  an  Evening  Parade. 

A  weekly  State  from  each  Brigade  to  be  given 
in  every  Monday,  beginning  next  Monday 
Se'night :  The  form  to  be  taken  from  the  Ad- 
jutant General. 


Chamblee 
June,  1776. 

1 

Rank  and  File. 

REGIMENTS 

Q 

C 

8 

a. 

2  S 

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2 

'H. 

X 
e 

u 

< 

Alterations  in 
Officers  since 
last  Return. 

39th 
47th 

&C&C 

G.  O.  Chamblee y  iptn^june^  ^77^' 

Parole — St.  Mark.       C.  S. — Isle  aux  Noix. 

Mr.  Rousseaux  V  is  appointed*Quarter  Master 
to  the  Commander  in  Chief  at[  Head  Quarters, 
and  is  to  be  obeyed  as  such. 


tj.  Assistant  Commissary  J.  Rousseau 
was  included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention 
and  signed  the  Cambridge  Parole.     He 


was  exchanged   Sept.    3,  178 1.       [K.  J. 
64.] 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,         199 

G.  O.  ChambUe,  1st  July,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Luke.  C.  S. — Sorel. 

A  List  of  all  the  Volunteers  in  the  Army  is 
immediately  to  be  given  in  to  the  General,  speci- 
fying the  Regiments  to  which  they  respectively 
belong. 

Such  Regiments  as  have  not  given  in  a  list  of 
their  Artificers  to  give  it  in  without  delay.  The 
Brigades  to  be  more  attentive  in  sending  their 
Orderly  Officers  to  Head  Quarters. 

Brigadier  Powel's  Brigade  to  send  an  Orderly 
Officer  to  Head  Quarters  to  receive  4  days' 
Orders,  viz't  from  the  27th  of  June  to  the  ist  of 
July. 

'  ♦ 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.      C ham b lee,  ist  Juiyy  1776. 

Captain  Carter's  Company  with  either 
Captain  Walker's  or  Captain  Borthwick's 
Company  (whichever  is  the  strongest  of  the 
two)  are  to  march  immediately  to  Cham- 
blee,  and  encamp  upon  the  ground  which  is 
marked  out  for  them  near  the  Fort.  Their 
Baggage,  Tents,  Camp  Equipage,  four  Light  Six 
Pounders,  with  their  Stores,  and  as  many  rounds 
as  two  small  Ammunition  Carts  can  carry  are  to 
accompany  them,  and  are  to  be  conveyed  in  five 


200  H addends  Orderly  Books. 

Batteaux,  which  are  sent  for  that  purpose  :  If 
there  is  any  overplus  it  must  be  sent  by  Land, 
hiring  Horses  and  Carriages  at  the  usual  Rate. 

One  of  the  remaining  Companies  is  to  con- 
tinue at  St.  Charles  with  the  rest  of  the  Stores 
till  further  Orders  :  The  other  is  to  canton  as 
near  the  Artillery  Transports  at  Santour  as  possi- 
ble in  order  to  assist  and  direct  the  disembarka- 
tion of  the  Stores  from  the  Ships  agreeable  to 
such  Orders  as  they  may  receive  from  tirr  .  to 
time,  which  Stores  are  to  be  embarked  in  Boats, 
and  transported  up  the  River  either  by  towing  or 
otherwise. 

The  Howitzers  (both  8  Inch  and  Royal)  with 
the  Heavy  and  Medium  12  Pounders,  and  the 
Shells  and  Shot  belonging  to  them  are  to  be  dis- 
embarked and  sent  up  to  Chamblee,  as  soon  as 
possible  after  the  arrival  of  the  Company  at  Sant- 
our :  Such  Batteaux  or  Boats  as  may  be  wanted 
exclusive  of  the  Gondola  (which  will  be  sent 
down  as  soon  as  she  is  unloaded)  and  the  Boats 
belonging  to  the  Artillery  Transports  are  to  be 
applied  for  to  the  Commanding  Officer  of  the 
Navy  at  Sore)  or  the  Agent  of  the  Transports. 
Those  Ships  that  draw  most  Water  are  to  be  first 
unloaded  in  preference  to  the  others,  where  the 
nature  of  the  Stores  demanded  will  allow  of  it. 

Articles  which  are  to  be  ordered  to  Chamblee 
by  the  first  conveyance. 


_JiiiiiiiiilikiifeiiMi 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.         201 
G^rdon^^  ^^^^^'s  Tent  and  Marquee  for  Major 

Six  Officer's  Do.  con^plete. 

shire         ^^^"^^^  ^  Instruments  from  the  Devon- 

G-  O.  ChambUe,  2nd  July.  1776 

P«r«/._St.  John.         C.  5._Three  Rivers. 

G.  O  ChamiUe,  yd  July,  lyyt. 

Parole— St.  Augustine.      C.  S.— La  Prairie 

Four  Companies  of  tlie  29th  Regiment  are  to 

remam  at  Montreal  :     Tlie  Officerf  and  Men  to 

be  quartered  m  the  Barracks  :      The  other  four 

Companies   of   that    Regiment    to    March    and 

Quarter  at   La   Chene  :     They  will    taice  the"r 

Camp  Equipage  with   them,  that  they  may  en- 

greabl"  Cantonments   become   disa- 

29th  Regiment  on  the  Road  leading  up  the 
River :  and  Sir  John  Johnston's  Regiment  higher 
up  than  the  8th  Lieutenant  Colonel  Sir  Thn 
Johnston  ek  „,„  command  the  Cantonments. 

26  * 


202  Hadderi's  Orderly  Books. 


Major  French  ^^  will  command  at  Montreal 
till  further  Orders :  he  will  make  strict  enquiry 
into  the  conduct  of  all  strangers  :  attention  should 
also  be  paid  to  the  Conduct  of  certain  Persons 
residing  there,  well  known  to  all  the  creditable 
Inhabitants  of  the  Town  to  be  little  better  than 
Traitors  to  the  King. 


and  while  on  a  visit  to  the  mother 
country  Nov.  22,  1765,  was  knighted 
by  George  III.  in  his  father's  lifetime  as 
a  mark  uf  favor  to  the  father.'  He  was 
married  to  Mary  Watts,  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  John  Watts  of  his  Majesty's  Coun- 
cil, June  30,  1773,  and  on  the  death  of 
his  father,  Sir  William  Johnson,  July 
lith  of  the  next  year,  he  succeeded  to 
Johnson  Hall  and  large  landed  estates  in 
the  neighborhood,  in  Tryon  county,  about 
twenty-four  miles  from  Schenectady,  on 
the  Mohawk  River.  He  likewise  auc- 
cr.:ded  his  father  as  major-general  in  the 
'/lilitia  of  New  York,  his  appointment 
bearing  date  in  November  of  that  year.' 
His  family  was  so  prominent,  and  his 
influence  was  so  great,  that,  upon  the 
beginning  of  hostilities  with  Great  Britain, 
so  much  solicitude  was  felt  as  to  his  course, 
a  watch  was  set  upon  him,  and  pledges 
exacted  for  his  pacific  conduct.  It  was 
only  natural  that  a  family  that  had  re- 
ceived so  much  from  the  crown  should 
favor  the  royal  cause,  and  Sir  John 
was  viewed  with  suspicion  from  the  (irsc, 
and  all  his  movements  were  construed  as 
inimical  to  the  popular  cause.  Accord- 
ingly in  May,  1776,  steps  were  taken  to 
apprehend  him,  but  he  received  timely 
notice  of  the  preparations  being  made, 
and  hastily  packing  up  a  few  of  his 
effects,  and  summoning  a  number  of  his 
tenants  and  neighbors  who  sympathized 
with  him,  he  escaped  with  them  to 
Canada,    after   enduring    nineteen    days 

el.    See  Appendix  19 


terrible  suffering  in  the  woods  through 
which  they  travelled.  Sir  John  now 
became  a  pronounced  tory  of  the  molt 
bitter  type.  Lady  Johnson  was  removed 
to  Albany  and  detained  as  a  kind  of 
hostage  for  the  peaceable  conduct  of  her 
husband,  but  she  nevertheless  gave  much 
information  to  him,  and  to  the  tories, 
both  in  New  York  and  Canada,  so  that 
the  Albany  Council  ordered  her  removal 
from  that  part  of  the  country.  She 
finally  made  her  escape  to  New  York 
and  joined  her  husband  in  Canada. 3 

Arrived  in  Canada  .Sir  John  was  at 
once  appointed  a  colonel  in  the  British 
service,  and  actively  set  about  raising  an 
organization  of  loyalists,  who  either  had 
accompanied  him  from  New  York,  or 
who  soon  followed  him.  This  corps  was 
divided  into  two  battalions,  and  was 
known  as  the  Royal  Regiment  of  New 
York,  and  as  the  Queen's  Loyal  Ameri- 
cans: it  was,  likewise,  popularly  known  as 
Johnson's  Royal  Greens,  and  it  acquired  a 
most  unenviable  notoriety  in  the  Mohawk 
valley  on  account  of  its  barbarity.  Sir 
John,  with  his  regiment,  formed  part  of 
St.  Leger's  «—>edition  in  1777',  and  the 
inglorious  ic^-  '•;  of  the  British  before 
Fort  Schuyler  (ur  Stanwix land  their  sub- 
sequent return,  not  to  say  flight,  to 
Canada,  did  not  tend  to  diminish  Sir 
John's  bitterness  towards  his  neighbours 
of  the  Mohawk  valley  that  espoused  the 
popular  cause.  Sir  John's  corps  formed 
a  part  of  the  force  which   in  the  latter 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,         203 


He  will  order  to  be  confined  all  Persons  whose 
behaviour  may  require  it :  and  Reports  are  to  be 
made  of  all  extraordinaries  to  Head  Quarters. 

All  the  Carpenters  and  Sawyers,  and  one  good 
Smith  from  each  Regiment,  except  Brigadier 
Frazer's  Corps,  to  be  sent  to  Chamblee  so  as  to 
arrive   on  the   5th    Instant.      A    Proportion    of 


part  of  Sept.,  1777,  was  sent  under  Oen. 
Maclean  to  the  relief  of  Ticonderoga 
when  menaced  by  an  American  force. 
Sir  John'^  corps  was  to  have  proceeded 
southward  and  effected  a  junction  with 
Burgoyne,  but  the  toils  of  adversity  so 
quickly  tightened  round  the  latter  officer, 
that  Sir  John's  force  did  not  get  beyond 
Ticonderoga,  where  it  remained  until 
that  fort  was  abandoned,  when  it  re- 
turned to  Canada. 4 

In  1780,  Sir  John  made  a  predatory  in- 
cursion into  his  native  villey  which  he 
ravaged  with  fire  and  swori ;  and  the 
Indians,  that  accompanied  him,  spared 
neither  age  nor  sex.  Sir  John  having 
been  defeated  at  Fox's  Mills,  was  forced 
to  abandon  his  spoils,  and  to  retreat  in 
haste,  though  Sir  Frederick  Haldimand, 
the  Governor  General  of  Canada,  in  his 
official  report  to  Lord  George  Germaine  of 
this  affair,  says — "I  cannot  finish  without 
expressing  to  your  Lordship  the  perfect 
satisfaction  which  I  have  from  the  zeal, 
spirit  and  activity  with  which  Sir  John 
Johnson  has  conducted  this  arduous  en- 
terprise." 5 

On  the  14th  of  March,  1782,  Sir  John 
was  appointed  "  Commissioner,  Superin- 
tendent General  and  Inspector  General 
of  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians  and  their 
Confederate3,and  of  all  the  Indian  Nations 
inhabiting  the  Province  of  Quebec  and  the 
Frontiers,"' a  position  he  held  a  number 
of  years,  though  the  name  of  the  office 
was  afterwards  abbreviated  to  "  Inspector 


General  and  Superintendent  General  of 
Indian  Affairs  throughout  America."^ 
October  21st  of  the  same  year  he  was 
appointed  a  brigadier-general  of  provin- 
cial troops,  and  Capt.  Scott  of  the  53d 
Regt.,  was  made  his  major  of  brigade.^ 
Sir  John  was  included  in  the  New  York 
Act  of  Attainder,  and  all  his  estates  were 
confiscated.  At  the  close  of  the  Revo- 
lution he  settled  in  Canada,  where  he 
received  grants  of  land  from  the  crown, 
and  where  in  addition  to  other  offices  held 
by  him  he  was  colonel  of  the  six  battalions 
of  the  militia  of  the  eastern  townships 
of  Lower  Canada,  and  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council.9  J' 

Stone,  in  an  appendix  o  his  Life  of  Sir 
William  Johnson,  vol.  2,  529,  says  that 
Sir  John  was  the  last  provincial  grand- 
master for  the  upper  district  of  the  colony 
of  New  York. 

yiThe  following  is  extracted  from  a  very 
interesting  paper  upon  Sir  John  Johnson 
in  the  American  Historical  Record  for 
August,  1874,  from  the  pen  of  William  C. 
Bryant.  •'  The  Baronet  during  his  long 
and  busy  life,  had  no  permanent  and 
fixed  abode,  but  resided  at  different 
points  in  Canada,  at  Montreal,  Lachine, 
Kingston,  &c.  It  was  his  custom  to 
spend  the  hot  months  at  his  shooting- 
box,  or  country  house,  located  at  a  spot 
called  Mount  Johnson,  on  a  large  tract 
known  as  the  Seignory  of  Monnoir,  in  the 
county  of  Iberville,  and  which  had  been 
granted  him  by  the  British  government. 


204         Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 


Tents  &c  to  be  sent  equal  to  the  number  of  men, 
and  each  Regiment  is  to  send  a  careful  Serjeant 
to  take  charge  of  the  Men. 

These  Soldiers,  working  as  Artificers,  are  to 
have  one  Shilling  British  a  day,  and  to  be  allowed 
Grog  with  their  Provisions.  The  Serjeant  from 
each  Regiment  to  be  allowed  one  Shilling  and 


He  pofseued  also  a  imall  countty 

•eat  at  Twickenham,  near  London,  Eng- 
land, which  he  made  his  residence  dur- 
ing hit  frequent  and  protracted  visits  to 
the  old  country.  Not  a  vestige  now  re- 
mains of  Sii  John's  residence  at  Mount 
Johnson,  the.  estate,  which  was  sacrificed 
for  a  quartei  of  its  real  value,  having 
pasted  out  of  the  family  in  1827.  Hit 
hospitality  was  proverbial.  In  fact  the 
financial  embarrassments  which  clouded 
hit  later  years,  and  wrecked  hit  fortune 
at  latt,  were  mainly  due  to  his  princely 
and  prodigal  manner  of  living,  and  the 
tacriiices  he  made  to  place  his  children, 
at  they  arrived    at   maturity,  in  positions 

of  comparative   independence Sir 

John  died  at  the  residence  of  his  daugh- 
ter, Mrs.  Bowers,  in  the  city  of  Mont- 
real, January-  4,  1830.  His  funeral  was 
attended  by  a  larger  concourse  of  people 
of  all  classes  than  ever  assembled  in  the 
Canadas  to  pay  respect  to  the  memory  of 
an  eminent  citizen.  His  remains  were 
deposited  in  the  family  vault  at  Mount 
Johnson,  and  on  one  of  the  stones,  over 
the  entrance,  it  the  simple  inscription  : 
'To  the  Memory  of  Sib  John  Johnson, 
who  died  on  the  4th  January,  1830,  in 
the  89th  year  of  his  age.*/ 
>  "  Hit  family  consisting  of  eight  sons 
and  three  daughters,  are  all  deceased. 
The  latt,  an  unmarried  daughter,  died  at 
Montreal  on  the  itt  day  of  January, 
1868.  Of  the  lontteven  were  in  the 
Britiih  army,  and  one,  the  father  of  the 
prettnt  baronet,  tcrvcd  a  thort  time  in  the 


British  navy.  Sir  John  was  an  old  man 
at  the  period  of  the  last  war  with  Eng- 
land, but  it  is  somewhat  singular  that 
none  of  his  sons  were  engaged  in  that 
struggle." 

In  the  hittorical  introduction  to  the 
Orderly  Book  of  Sir  John  Johnson, 
[Munsell's  Historical  Series,  No.  11,] 
the  trenchant  pen  ot  General  J.  Watti 
de  Peyster  has  given  a  vigorous  and 
elaborate  defence  of  the  conduct  and 
character  of  Sir  John.  This  wat  a 
veritable  labor  of  love  with  General  de 
Peyster,  who  was  connected  by  family 
tiet  with  Sir  John  Johnson,  and  a 
number  of  whose  kinsmen,  moreover, 
served  as  officers  under  the  crown  durin^, 
our  Revolutionary  struggle.  While  not 
sharing  General  de  Feyster's  views  to 
any  considerable  extent  as  to  Sir  John 
Johnson  in  particular,  yet  it  does  seem, 
in  regard  to  loyalists  in  general,  during 
the  war  for  independence,  that  as  undue 
violence  is  the  invariable  accompaniment 
of  all  rebellions,  so  that  of  our  forefathers 
was  no  exception  to  the  general  rule; 
and  though  the  bitterness  of  a  family 
quarrel  characterized  both  sides  alike, 
yet  the  acts  of  attainder  and  confiscation 
with  which  our  patriotic  ancestors  drove 
their  relatives  and  former  friends  and 
neighbors  into  exile  and  poverty  for  a  no 
more  heinous  offence  than  adhering  to  a 
government  under  which  they  had  all 
grown  up  together,  even  if  some  of  itt 
acts  were  utterly  unjustifiable, —  were 
harth  to  a  degree  far  beyond  the  necesti- 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.  205 

three  Pence  per  diem.  These  Detachments  arc 
to  assemble  at  the  Camp  of  Artillery  at  Cham- 
blee  where  Orders  will  be  given  to  t:hem. 

The  Brigades  may  use  Cartridges  for  Exercise, 
but  the  Ball  is  to  be  most  carefully  preserved 
except  twenty  for  each  Recruit,  and  ten  for  every 
other  Soldier  of  each  Regiment,  which  may  be 
expended  for  firing  at  marks,  or  otherwise,  at  the 
orders  of  the  Brigadier  General. 

A  Return  to  be  given  in  from  each  Regiment 
to  Major  General  Phillips  on  Saturday  next  of 
the  number  of  Ball  in  Store,  that  Powder,  Paper 
and  Twine  may  be  ordered  for  the  Regiments  to 
make  into  Cartridges. 

The  Brigades  will  take  care  to  preserve  eight- 
een Rounds  for  Service. 

Lieutenant  Harrington  «"*  of  the  20th  Regi- 
ment is  appointed  Assistant  Quarter  Master  Gen- 
tles of  the  case.  The  riper  experiences  those  who  were  in  their  day,  as  we 
of  our  country  in  our  own  day  have  think,  a  too  law  abiding  people; — an 
doubtless  tended  to  somewhat  mollify  unjust  law  being  a  form  of  oppression  to 
former  asperities  of  judgment,  and  to  con-  which  a  refusal  to  submit  is  justifiable 
vince  many  holding  widely  different  in  theory,  though  very  difficult  to  put 
views,  that  mere  difference  of  opinion,  into  practice.  ['G.  R.  573-593:  G.  S. 
however  sturdily  upheld,  after  having  641,  et  pott:  G.  A.  41.  "W.  l6o  : 
been  submitted  to,  and  settled  by,  the  K.  V.  577-582.  3£,  jo  :  F.  818-830: 
final  arbitrament  of  the  sword,  was  no  H.  447,  641-648,  913.  ^F.  C.  24. 
adequate  justification  for  wholesale  pro-  SH.  O.  25.  *H.  U.  »K.  P  'F.  E. 
scription  and  enforced  banishment  and  207.  'I.  F.  91.] 
confiscation.     It   seems,   likewise,   as  if 

the  great  majority  of  American  writers,         em.     Henry    Harrington   entered  the 

content  with   contemplating   the  actors  British  service  Oct.  15,  1759,  as  an  en- 

in  our  great  initial  struggle  on  their  own  sign  in  the  5th  Foot,  then  in  Germany, 

side  alone,  have  meted  out  but  scanty  He    was    promoted    to   be   a   lieutenant 

justice  to  the    motives  and  conduct    of  April    2,    1762;    but   at   the    peace   of 


2o6  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 


eral,  and  is  to  be  obeyed  as  such.  Captain 
Alexander  Scott  ^'^  of  the  53d  Regiment  is  ap- 
pointed Assistant  Commissary  to  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral Powell's  Brigade. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.       Chambl^e,  \th  'July,  1 776. 

First   Lieutenant   Dunbar  «^  is  immediately  to 
proceed  down    the  River    Sorel,  and   to  inform 


1763,  when  the:  additional  companies 
of  hit  regiment  were  reduced,  he  went 
upon  half-pay,  and  80  remained  till  Jan, 
21,  177Z,  when  he  was  commissioned  a 
lieutenant  in  the  20th  Foot',  which 
regiment  he  accompanied  to  Canada  in 
the  spring  of  1776.  He  was  appointed 
an  assistant  quaster-m aster-general  July 
3,  1776,  and  in  this  capacity  he  seems 
to  have  acted  through  that  year,  as  well 
as  the  following  year  on  Burgoyne's  ex- 
pedition." He  became  a  captain  in  the 
62d  Foot  March  18, 1777,  and  his  name 
appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the  last 
time  in  1786.*     ['B.  H.     »E.  Z.] 

tn.  Alexander  Scoct  belonged  to  the 
Amily  of  Scott  of  Logie.  He  was  a 
lineal  descendant  in  the  seventh  genera- 
don,  of  Sir  James  Scott,  Knt.,  of 
Balweiry,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Scott,  by  his  wife,  Margaret  Wood. 
The  date  of  hit  birth  we  cannot  fix,  but 
his  next  younger  brother,  William  Scott, 
was  born  June  23,  1736.  Alexander 
entered  the  British  service  as  an  ensign 
in  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  37th  Foot 
Oct.  3,  1757;  and  when  that  battalion 
wat  detached  and  renumbered  in  1758, 
hit  regimental  designation  became  the 
75th  Foot.  He  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy  May  17,  1759,  but  at  the 
peace  of  1763,    hit   regiment  was  dis- 


banded, and  he  went  upon  half-pay. 
He  returned  to  active  service  Feb.  11, 
1767,  when  he  was  commissioned  at  a 
lieutenant  in  the  53d  Foot,  though 
some  of  the  Army  Lists  give  iihe  date  at 
Dec.  25,  1765,  which  is  doubtless  a 
mistake.  He  was  promoted  to  a  cap- 
taincy May  24,  1775,  *"<'  accompanied 
the  53d  to  Canada  in  the  spring  of 
1776,  on  the  1 2th  of  June  in  which 
year  he  was  appointed  assistant  com- 
missary of  Powell's  Brigade.  He  went 
on  Burgoyne's  expedition  in  1777,  but 
as  his  regiment  was  ordered  back  to  Ti- 
conderoga  Aug.  loth,  he  escaped  the 
fate  of  the  main  army.  On  the  British 
evacuation  of  Ticonderoga  in  Nov.,  1777, 
Capt.  Scott  returned  to  Canada  with 
the  portion  of  the  regiment  not  captured 
in  the  American  attack  on  that  fortress 
in  the  preceding  September.  He  died 
in  the  spring  of  1778,  leaving  one  son, 
John,  who  died  without  issue  in  1801. 
Capt.  Alexander  Scott  must  not  be  con- 
fused with  Capt.  Thomas  Scott,  who 
was  transferred  from  the  24th  to  the 
53d  Foot,  Oct.  8,  1777.  [B.  H  :  B. 
T:  F.  E.  i8,9S.] 

to.  James  Dunbar  entered  the  Royal 
Artillery  as  a  private  in  May,  1752,  and 
after  sixteen  years  of  faithful  service  wat 
rewarded    with    a   comroittion,    having 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.  207 

himself  particularly  by  every  means  in  his  power, 
what  Ordnance  Stores  are  arrived  in  any  part  of 
the  River,  in  Vessels,  or  Boats,  either  from 
Quebec,  or  Three  Rivers,  which  are  to  be  taken 
an  Account  of,  and  assistance  applied  for  either 
from  Major  Williams',  or  Captain  Borthwick's 
Company  (if  necessary)  to  forward  them  up  the 
River,  as  soon  as  possible. 

He  will  then  proceed  to  wherever  the  Hope- 
well may  be,  and  inform  Captain  Hosmer  that 
Major  General  Phillips  directs  a  Report  to  be 
immediately  transmitted  to  him,  of  the  causes 
of  the  delays,  which  have  so  long  retarded  that 
Transport  behind  the  Fleet,  particularizing  every 
step  that  has  been  taken  in  their  progress  up  the 
River,  from  their  departure  from  Quebec  down 
to  the  present    time.       The    Noncommissioned 

been  promoted  to  be  a  lieut  -fireworker  burey  mentions  him  as  having  charge  of 
in  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  Royal  Artil-  the  American  Capt.  Van  Swearingham 
lery  Jan.  i,  I759'  He  became  a  2d  of  Morgan's  Rifle  Corps,  who  had  been 
lieut.  Jan.  23,  1765,  and  a  ist  lieut.  taken  prisoner  at  Freeman's  Farm  Sept. 
Jan.  I,  1771.'  He  belonged  to  the  de-  19,  1777.  Lieut.  Dunbar  was  pro- 
tachment  of  artillery  that  served  in  moted  during  his  captivity  to  a  capt.- 
Canada  in  1776,  and  formed  a  part  of  lieutenancy,  his  commission  bearing 
Burgoyne's  force  in  1777.  Aug.  13,  date  Nov.  21,  1777';  and  he  was  m- 
1777,  he  was  attached  by  order  of  Gen.  changed  Sept.  3,  1781.3  After  his  ex- 
Phillips,  to  Capt.  Walker's  company,  change  he  served  in  New  York.*  He 
and  Aug.  4,  1777,  he  was  appointed  became  a  captain  Dec.  3,  1781,  and 
assistant  commissary  of  horses  of  the  commanded  successively  No.  5  Corn- 
artillery,  and  had  charge  of  the  brigades  pany  2d  Battalion,  now  "  8"  Battery, 
belonging  to  the  wings  of  the  army,  and  3d  Brigade,  and  No.  i  Company,  3d 
to  the  advanced  corps  and  German  re  -  Battalion,  now  "  A  "  Battery,  4th 
serves.'        He   served     throughout   the  Brigade.!     He  died  in  New  York,  Aug. 


campaign    and   was   embraced    in    Bur-      11,  1783.'      ['G.  U:  B.  H.      *£.  Z 
goyne's   surrender,    his  name  being    at-     'K. 
tacbed    to  the  Cambridge  Parole.     An-     220, 


goyne's   surrender,    his  name  being    at-     >K.  J.  64.     ^b.  P.  113.     SC.  Z.  181, 


2o8  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

Officers  and  Privates  are  to  disembark,  and  march 
to  Chambl6e  under  Lieutenant  Dunbar.  Cap- 
tain Hosmer  will  remain  on  board  till  the  Ship 
joins  the  Fleet. 

G.  O.  Chamblie,  \th  July,  1776. 

Parole  —  St.  Columbus.     C.  S. —  Longueil. 

The  weekly  State  to  be  given  in  next  Monday  : 
there  must  be  two  Copies  from  each  Brigade  ; 
one  Copy  for  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne,  and 
the  other  for  Major  General  Phillips. 

Lieutenant  Samuel  Curry  «P  of  the  21st  Regi- 
ment, is  appointed  assistant  Commissary  to  Brig- 
adier General  Gordon's  Brigade. 

G.  O.  ChambUe,  ^th  July,  1776. 

Parole  —  St.  Paul.  C.  S. —  Montreal. 

The  Troops  in  the  Cantonments  not  to  be 
alarmed  at  the  firing  of  Cannon,  as  the  Artillery 
will  practise  with  Powder  at  Chamblee. 

The  different  Corps  to  send  in  immediately  to 
the  Quarter  Master    General  a  Return  of  what 

ep.     Samuel  Currie  entered  the  British  Quebec,  he  accompanied  it  thither.    July 

military  service  March  14,   1766,33  a  2d  4,  1776,  he  was  appointed  assistant  com- 

lieut.  in  the  21st   Foot,  or  Royal  North  roissary    to   Brigadier    General  Gordon's 

British    Fuzileers,    which    was    then    in  brigade,   and  the    next   year  he  accom- 

America;  and   he   was    promoted    to   a  panied    Burgoyne   upon   his   expedition. 

1st  lieutenancy  Feb.  21,  1772.      He  re-  He  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Freeman's 

turned   home    with    his    regiment   from  Farm  Sept.  19,   1777.       [B.  H  :  G.  V. 

America,    and   when,   in    the  spring  of  175  :  £.  Z.] 
1776,  it  was  ordered  to  Canada  tu  relieve 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.  209 

B^t,  Baggage,  and   Forage   money  they  have  re- 
ceived before  they  arrived  in  Canada. 

The  Staff  is  to  give  in  immediately  a  Return 
of  the  Ration,  Bat,  and  Baggage  money,  that 
will  become  due  to  them  for  One  Hundred 
Days,  to  the  Quarter  Master  General  for  which 
a  Warrant  will  be  immediately  granted. 


G.  O.  ChambUe,  July  6th,  1776. 

Parole  —  St.  Morris.  C.  S. —  Quebec. 

A  Guard  consisting  of  a  Noncommissioned 
Officer,  and  Six  Privates,  are  to  be  sent  tomorrow 
morning  to  the  Portage,  which  Guard  is  to  take 
care  of  Batteaux,  Cordage,  Casks,  or  Stores  of 
every  kind  which  may  occasionally  be  left  there. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.       Chamblee,  6th  July,  ^77^" 

Major  General  Phillips  has  appointed  Second 
Lieutenant  Houghton «!/  to  be  Firemaster  to  the 


eq.  William  Houghton  commenced 
hit  long  service  in  the  Royal  Ar- 
tillery as  a  private,  in  Dec,  1745. 
He  was  commissioned  a  lieut.-Areworker 
June  27|  1762;  a  2d  lieut.  Jan.  i, 
1771;  a  1st  lieut.  June  25,  1777  i  a 
capt. -lieutenant  July  17,  1779;  and  a 
captain  Nov.  21,  1783.  He  served  in 
the  artillery  on  Burgoyne's  campaign, 
was  included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention, 
and  remained  a  prisoner  till  Sept.  3, 
1781,  when  he  w-is  exchanged  ^  after 
which  he  served  in  New  Yorlc.    May  21, 

27 


1790,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Invalid 
Battalion  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  and  he 
died  at  Guernsey,  Aug.   22,  1803.' 

The  fire-master,  to  which  position 
Lieut  Houghton  was  appointed  by  the 
order  in  the  text,  attended  to  the  mak- 
ing up  of  all  kinds  of  ammunition, 
whether  for  practice  or  service ;  and  if 
there  was  a  laboratory  he  bad  charge  of 
it,  and  was  accountable  for  all  tools  and 
materials  used  therein.*  ['G.  U  :  K.  J. 
64:  D.  P.,  113.     »G.  N.] 


2IO         H add  en's  Orderly  Books. 


Detachment  of  the  Royal  Artillery  in   Canada, 
and  he    is  to  be  obeyed  as  such. 

The  Serjeants  and  Corporals  are  for  the  future 
to  use  Carbines  instead  of  Halberts  ^  when  on 
Duty. 

G.  O.  ChambUe,  -jth  'July,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Thomas.  C.  S. — Chambl6e. 

It  is  the  Commander  in  Chiefs  Orders  that 
all  the  different  Regiments  of  the  Army  in 
making  up  their  Returns  for  each  month,  shall 
set  down  as  present  with  their  Regiment,  all  the 
Officers,  and  Noncommissioned  Officers  now 
present  in  Canada,  whether  on  Detachment  or 
Command,  and  also  that  they  omit  stating  in 
their  Monthly  Returns,  any  of  the  Officers  or 
Noncommiss!  ")ned  Officers  belonging  to  the  ad- 
ditional Companies  in  Great    Britain  or  Ireland. 

Captain  Arthur  James  Pomeroy  ^  of  the  9th 
Regiment  of  Dragoons  is  appointed  to  act  as 
Aide  de  Camp  to  Major  General  Phillips. 


er.  An  halbert  was  a  weapon  for- 
merly  carried  by  the  lergeants  of  foot  and 
artillery.  It  wai  a  sort  of  spear,  the 
shaft  of  which  was  about  five  feet  long, 
generally  made  of  ash.  Its  head  was 
armed  with  a  steel  point,  edged  on  both 
sides.  Besides  this  point,  which  was  in 
a  line  with  th?  shaft,  there  was  a  cross- 
piece  of  iron,  flat  and  turned  down  at 
one  end,  but  not  very  sharp,  so  that  it 
served  equally  to  cut  down  or  thrust 
writh.     [G.  N.] 

a.     Arthur  James   Pomeroy   entered 


the  British  service  as  a  cornet  of  the  5tb, 
or  Royal  Irish  Dragoons,  Feb.  lo,  1770, 
and  was  promoted  to  be  a  lieutenaist  May 
I9i  i773t  'n<i  capt.-Iieutenant  of  the 
9th  Dragoons,  Feb.  24,  1775.  He  was 
appointed  an  aid  to  Maj.  Gen.  Phillips, 
then  in  Canada,  July  7,  1776,  and  he 
so  acted  throughout  that  year.  Oct.  5, 
1776,  he  became  a  captain  in  the  ist 
Regt.  of  Horse,  which  was  then  in  Ire- 
land, and  he  was  promoted  to  be  major 
of  the  9th  Dragoons  Feb.  14,  1779. 
He  appears  in  the  Army  Luts  for  the 
last  time  in  1784.   [B.  H.] 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books »         211 

Mr.  Edward  Merida«'  is  permitted  to  do  duty 
as  Volunteer  in  the  Royal  Regiment  of  Artillery 

G.  O.     ChambUe,  HtA  July,  \jj6— Monday. 
Parole — St.  Anne.     C.  S. — Pointe  aux  Trembles. 

By  Major   General  Phillips. 
Brigade  Orders.  8th  July,  1776. 

Captain  Mitchelson  is  to  detain  as  many  Bat- 
teaux  at  St.  Charles,  as  will  be  required  for  the 
Guns,  and  all  the  Artillery  Stores  still  remaining 
there,  which  with  the  heavy  Baggage  of  the 
Company  is  to  be  immediately  sent  to  Chambl^e 
under  the  care  of  a  Guard  commanded  by  a 
careful  Noncommissioned  Officer  :  The  rest  of 
the  Batteaux  will  proceed  to  Santours  to  take  in 
another  loading  from  the  Ships. 

Upon  the  Stores  being  all  embarked  at  St. 
Charles,  Major  Williams*  Company  is  to  march 
to  Chamblee  and  encamp  there. 

ct.      Edward   F.   Merida   entered  the  hisn  amc    being    attached  to  the   Catn- 

Bricish    military   service   as    a   volunteer  bridge  Parole.     Oct.  31,   1781,  he  was 

July,  7,  1776,  in  the  d<:tachinent  of  the  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  in  Capt.  Wm. 

Royal  Artillery   serving  in  Canada,  and  Thomas's  Independent  Company  of  Foot, 

on  the  24th  of  the  following  September  which    was  soon    after    regimented  into 

he  was  appointed  an   acting  zd   lieut.    in  "  a  Corps  of  Foot  "   under  Major  Com- 

the  artillery,  but  he  was  never  commis-  mandant  Benjamin   Fish.     At  the  peace 

sioned    in    that    corps.      His   first  com-  of  17S 3  Fish's  Corps  was  disbanded,  and 

mission  was  as  ensign  in  the  24th  Foot,  Lieut.   Merida  went    upon  half-pay,  and 

and  bore    date    Nov.    27,    1776.      The  never  again  entered  active  service       Hii 

next  year    he   served  with    his   regiment  name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the 

through  Burgoyne's   campaign,  and  wai  last  time  in  1780,      [B.  H.     E.  Z.] 
embraced    in  the  Saratoga   Convention, 


212         Hadderi's  Orderly  Books. 

The  Surgeon  is  to  bring  the  Sick  up  to  Cham- 
blee  in  the  Batteaux  provided  they  can  be  re- 
moved without  danger,  and  that  the  itchy 
Patients  are  perfectly  recovered,  otherwise  he  is 
to  remain  with  them  at  St.  Charles  till  they  are 
so. 

The  Commissary  of  Artillery  is  to  be  particu- 
larly attentive  that  the  Guns,  Carriages,  and  Stores 
are  complete  and  in  good  order  when  landed,  and 
if  otherwise,  that  they  be  immediately  reported 
to  the  Commanding  Officer  for  their  being  re- 
placed or  repaired. 

G.  O.  Chamblee,()thjuly,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Francis.  C.  S — Varenne. 

In  making  out  the  weekly  State  of  Brigades, 
the  Grenadiers  and  Light  Infantry  are  not  for 
the  future  to  be  inserted,  and  it  must  be  specified 
what  alterations  of  Recruits  or  otherwise  have 
taken  place  since  last  Return. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.     Chamblee,  ()th  July^   ^77^- 

The  Commissary  of  Artillery  is  immediately 
to  make  the  best  of  his  way  to  ^ebec,  where  he 
will  probably  meet  with  two  Artillery  Transports 
from  England^   which  arc  to  be  ordered  to   pro- 


Hadden^s  Orderly  Books,         213 

ceed  up  to  Santour  in  the  river  Sorely  provided 
their  draught  of  Water  will  permit,  otherwise,  that 
they  go  up  as  high  as  possible,  and  convey  their 
Stores  to  Chamblee  in  such  Boats  and  Batteaux  as 
can  be  procured,  applying  to  the  Captains  of 
Parishes  for  Canadians  to  navigate  them  under 
the  direction  of  careful  men  belonging  to  the 
Detachment  of  Artillery.  If  time  will  permit 
before  the  Ships  leave  ^uebec^  the  Powder  is  all  to 
be  disembarked,  and  left  there,  but  no  time  is  to 
be  lost  for  this. 

If  the  Ships  should  be  delayed  in  the  River  by 
contrary  Winds,  or  other  accidents,  the  same 
Steps  as  are  above  directed  must  be  taken  for 
forwarding  the  Stores  to  ChambUe  without  loss 
of  time. 

Lieutenant  Hadden  will  see  these  Orders 
strictly  adhered  to  :  and  he  is  not  to  fail  report- 
ing from  time  to  time  the  progress  he  has  made 
and  any  Extraordinaries  that  may  occur,  to  the 
Commanding  Officer  of  Artillery  at  Chamblee, 
as  will  also  Mr.  Commissary  Schaw.^" 

G.  O.  ChambUe,  loth  July,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Louis.  C.  S. — Vercherre. 

Ensign  John  Rotten «"  of  the  47th   Regiment 

*u.     CommiMary  Schaw  was,  undoubt-  ev.  John  Rotton,  or  Rutten  was  doubt- 

edly,    Alexander  Schaw,  who,  in    1782,  lest  a  nephew  of  Sir  Ouy  Carleton,  whoM 

was  a  commttsary   and      paymaster     in  sister  Catherine  married  John  Rotton  of 

New    York    under   Sir   Guy     Carleton.  Dubiin>;  the  person  referred  to  in  the  test 

[H.  C.J  without  doubt   being    her  son.        John 


214-  Hadde?i*s  Orderly  Books. 


is  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the  room  of  Lieuten- 
ant French, «"'  and  Volunteer  Gustavus  Hamil- 
ton ^  is   appointed    Ensign  in   the  room  of  En- 


Rotton,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
commissioned  Jan.  28,  1775,  as  an 
ensign  in  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  Regiment, 
the  47th  Foot,  then  in  America,  and, 
he  with  some  other  British  officers,  em- 
barked at  Cork,  in  the  ship  Hope,  to 
join  his  regiment.  These  officers  landed 
at  Gloucester,  below  Philadelphia,  in  the 
early  part  of  August,  ignorant  apparently 
of  the  commencement  of  actual  hostili- 
ties, and  that  their  landing  at  that  place 
would  sacrifice  their  liberty.  The  Penn- 
sylvania Committee  of  Safety  imme- 
diately took  them  prisoners  and  sent  them 
on  parole  to  Gen.  Washington,  who 
ordered  them  to  Harttbrd.  Major 
French,  in  his  Journal,  affords  us  some 
glimpses  of  how  these  officers  passed  their 
time  in  captivity,  by  giving  an  account 
of  some  of  their  excursions  and  of  one 
of  their  dinners  with  Gov.  Skene,  who 
was  likewise  a  prisoner  there.  Ensign 
Rotton  must  have  been  very  young  at 
this  time,  as  Major  French  seem3  to  have 
had  charge  of  his  money  matters.  In 
one  of  his  letters  to  his  wife  the  testy 
major  wrote  as  follows  : — "Pray  acquaint 
Mr.  Roiton  and  Mrs.  McDermott  that 
as  their  sons  have  taken  the  conduct  of 
their  money  affairs  into  their  own  hands, 
that  I  cannot  take  upon  me  to  be 
accountable  for  anything  that  may 
happen  in  future,  cr  that  has  for  some 
time  past.  In  their  difficulties,  when 
taken  prisoners,  they  depended  on  me ; 
these  over,  they  cast  me  off." 

These  captive  British  officers,  accord- 
ing to  their  own  version,  received  much 
ill-usage,  so  that  they  represented  the 
matter  to  Congress,  and  petitioned  to  be 
removed  elsewhere.  Ensign  Rutton 
signed  this  memorial,  which  bore  date 
March  2  1,  1776,  and  was  read  in 
Congress  on  the   7th  of  the    following 


May ;  for  an  account  of  which  the 
reader  is  referred  to  the  sketch  of  Capt. 
Samuel  McKay.  Ensign  Rotton  wai 
promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  July  10, 
1776,  and  he  remained  in  Hartford  on 
parole  as  late,  certainly,  as  July  22,  1776. 
He  served  with  his  regiment  throughout 
Burgoyne's  campaign,  and  was  included 
in  that  general's  capitulation,  his  name 
appearing  on  the  Cambridge  Parole. 
July  I,  1782,  he  was  made  a  captain  in 
the  4th  Battalion  of  the  60th,  or  Royal 
American  Regiment ;  and  when  that 
battalion  was  disbanded  at  the  peace  of 
1783,  he  went  upon  half-pay,  and  so 
remained  as  long  as  his  name  was  borne 
on  the  Army  Lists,  its  last  appearance 
beingini839.  [C.  D.  112.  B.  H: 
C.  M.  188-225:  E.  148,  149,  499, 
639,  1529  :  G.  452  :   I.  621  .] 

eiv.  Arthur  French  entered  the 
British  army  as  an  ensign  In  the  47th 
Foot,  Dec.  16,  1 77 1,  and  was  promoted 
to  a  lieutenancy  July  25,  1775.  Hii 
name  is  borne  on  the  Army  Lists  as  a 
lieutenant  in  the  47th,  as  late  as  1783, 
though  from  the  above  order  it  would 
seem  that  he  must  have  left  that  regi- 
nent  on  or  before  July  lo,  1776,  when 
;    ;  successor  was  appointed.      [B.  H.] 

ex.  Gustavus  Hamilton  entered  the 
British  army  as  a  volunteer,  and  was 
commissioned  as  an  ensign  in  the  47th 
Foot  July  10,  1776.  Upon  Burgoyne's 
expedition  he  was,  doubtless,  with  one  , 
of  the  companies  of  his  regiment  at 
Diamond  Island  at  the  time  of  the 
Saratoga  Convention,  as  he  does  not 
appear  to  have  be*n  included  in  it.  He 
was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  April  i, 
17805  and  April  17,  1784,  he  exchanged 
with  Lieut.  Charles  Baldwin  on  to  the 
half-pay  of  his  regiment.     He  returned 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.         215 


sign  Rotten.  George  Clairges,  ^y  Volunteer  in 
the  34th  Regiment  to  succeed  Ensign  Mc- 
Farlan  ^^  promoted,  and  George  Stevens /«  Vol- 
unteer in  the  47th  Regiment  is  appoint  ed 
Ensign  to  succeed  the  Honorable  Lord  Pitt/* 
resigned. 


to  active  service  July  29,  1796,  when  he 
was  commissioned  as  a  lieutenant  in  the 
30th  Foot,  and  his  name  appears  in  the 
Army  Lists  for  the  last  time  in  1797. 

There  was  a  contemporary  Gustavus 
Hamilton,  who  was  commissioned  Oct. 
^^>  >775>  3'  3"  ensign  in  the  17th 
Foot,  then  servint;  in  America.  Nov. 
18,  1775,  he  exch.inged  into  the  15th 
Foot,  likewise  in  America,  in  which  he 
became  a  lieutenant  June  20,  1777. 
Hit  name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for 
the  last  time  in  1778.      [B.  H.] 

ey.  George  Clerges  entered  the  British 
army  as  a  volunteer  in  the  34th  Foot,  and, 
according  to  the  above  order  he  became 
an  ensign  in  the  53d  Foot  July  10, 
1776;  but  on  the  first  of  the  follow- 
ing January  he  exchanged  into  the  34th 
Foot,  in  which  he  was  promoted  to  a 
ieutenancy  Nov.  5,  1782.  His  regi- 
ment went  to  Canada  in  the  spring  of 

1776,  but  whether  he  belonged  to  either 
of  its  two  light  companies  that  partici- 
pated in  Burgoyne's  campaign  we  have 
not  ascertained.  His  name  appears  for 
the  last  time  in  the  Army  Lists  in 
1783.     [B.  H.] 

t%,  William  McFarlane  became  the 
quarter-master  of  the  53d  Foot  June 
21,  1772,  an  ensign  therein  May  24, 
1775,  *"^  *  lieutenant  July  10,  1776. 
He  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Canada 
in  the  spring  of  1776.  and,  doubtless, 
participated  in  Burgoyne's  campaign, 
though  we  find  no  reference  to  him   in 

1777.  Dec.    23,    1785,    he   exchanged 


with  Lieut.  Alexander  MaitUnd  into  the 
half-pay  of  the  looth  Foot,  and  he 
remained  on  half-pay  as  long  as  he  was 
borne  on  the  Army  Lists,  his  name  ap. 
pearint;  for  the  last  time  in  1798.  [B.  H.] 

fa.  George  Stephens — we  adopt  the 
spelling  of  the  Army  Lists^-entered  the 
British  service  as  a  volunteer,  and  when 
Lord  Pitt,  afterwards  the  2d  Earl  of 
Chatham,  resigned  rather  than  serve 
against  the  American  Colonies,  he  was 
appomted  an  ensign  in  the  47th  Foot, 
his  commission  bearing  date  July  10, 
1776.  He  served  in  Canada  under  Gen. 
Carleton  in  1776,  and  took  part  in 
Burgoyne's  campaign  in  1777,  his  name 
being  attached  to  the  Cambridge  Parole. 
He  became  a  lieutenant  May  17,  1782, 
and  captain-lieutenant  Feb.  7,  1794, 
getting  a  company  of  his  own  the  next 
year  He  became  a  major  in  the  army 
Sept.  25,  1803,  and  a  captain  in  the  4tb 
Royal  Veteran  Battalion  Oct.  10,  1805. 
In  the  Army  List  of  18 12  he  appears  as 
a  captain  among  the  ''  ofEcers  of  the 
Royal  Veteran  Battalions  receiving  Full 
Pay,"  and  he  continues  so  to  appear  ai 
long  as  his  name  is  to  be  found  in  the 
Army  Lists,  it  appearing  for  the  last  time 
in  1827.     [B.  H.] 

fb.  The  Right  Hon.  John  Pitt, 
second  Earl  of  Chatham,  Viscount  Pitt 
of  Burton  Pynsent,  Sumertetshire,  and 
Baron  Chatham,  a  Knight  of  the  Gar- 
ter, a  Privy  Councillor,  a  General  in  the 
army ,  Colonel  of  the  4th  Rrg't  of  Foot, 
Governor  of  Gibraltar,  High  Steward  of 


2i6         Haciden's  Orderly  Books, 


G.  O.  Chambliey  i  Uh  'July,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Anthony.     C.  S. — Boucherville. 

His  Majesty  having  ordered  to  be  paid  in 
England  to  the  21st  and  31st  Regiments  the  Bat 
and  Baggage  money  for  the  Campaign,  and  one 
Hundred  Days  Forage  Money  ; 


Colchester,  an  Elder  Brother  of  the 
Trinity  House,  a  Governor  of  the  Char- 
ter House,  &c.,  &c.,  was  the  eldest  son 
of  William,  the  great  Earl  of  Chatham, 
by  Lady  Hester  Grenville,  Baroness 
Chatham,  only  daughter  of  Richard 
Grenville,  Esq.,  and  Hester,  Countess 
Temple.  He  was  born  Sept.  lo,  1756, 
at  a  time  when  his  father  was  Secretary 
of  State,  and  in  the  zenith  of  his  glory. 
Upon  William  Pitt's  obtaining  an  earl- 
dom, in  1766,  his  eldest  son  became,  by 
courtesy,  John,  Viscount  Pitt.  The  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  entered  the  army 
March  14,  1774,  as  an  ensign  in  the 
47th  Foot,  and  a  few  months  later  ac- 
companied Gen.  Carleton  as  an  aid-de- 
camp to  Canada,  where  he  arrived  Sept. 
17th.  The  next  year  when  the  Amer- 
icans invaded  that  province  he  came 
very  near  being  captured,  and  Col.  Barre 
stated  in  the  House  of  Commons  that 
he  had  been  advised  that  Gen.  Carleton 
and  Lord  Pitt  were  within  a  quarter  of 
an  hour  of  falling  into  the  hands  of  the 
Americans.  He  resigned  his  commission 
in  the  autumn  of  1775,  and  embarl^ed 
for  England  on  the  ship  Pomona,  Oct. 
2d,  1775,  arriving  in  London  on  the  2d 
of  November.  The  London  Chronicle 
for  Feb.  1-3,  1776,  says — "An  officer 
who  is  just  arrived  from  America,  gives 
an  account,  that  so  great  a  respect  and 
veneration  do  the  people  of  that  country 
pay  Lord  Chatham,  that  upon  Lord 
Pitt's  first  landing  there,  they  got  an 
exact  description  of  his  person,  which 
was  given    in    order*    to   the   riflemen, 


with  an  intent  to  spare  him  upon  all 
engagements  :  it  was  likewise  given  in 
constant  orders,  should  he  be  taken  pris- 
oner, to  treat  him  with  all  imaginable 
respect,  the  etiquette  of  which  was  even 
settled  in  every  particular." 

The  same  paper,  in  its  issue  of  Feb. 
20-22,  of  the  same  year,  says  — "  We 
hear,  what  ultimately  decided  Lord 
Chatham  in  favour  of  Lord  Pitt's  resig- 
nation, was  the  account  this  young 
Nobleman  gave  of  the  general  respect  and 
veneration  paid  the  name  of  Chatham 
all  over  the  American  continent;  and 
particularly  the  standing  orders  both  to 
the  main  army  and  detached  parties 
'  that  should  Lord  Pitt  become  their 
prisoner,  to  treat  him  with  all  imaginable 
respect.'  " 

Lord  Pitt  succeeded  to  the  peerage, 
as  the  second  Earl  of  Chatham,  soon 
after  he  became  of  age,  by  the  death  of 
his  father,  May  11,  1778  ;  and  he  thus 
came  into  the  possession  of  an  annual 
pension  of  £3,000,  which  was  conferred 
on  the  first  earl  in  1761  for  three  lives. 
An  additional  pension  of  £4,000  a  year 
was  settled  on  this  peerage  by  act  of 
Parliament  soon  after  the  great  Earl  of 
Chatham's  death  in  1778,  so  that  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  besides  the  emol- 
uments of  the  various  offices  he  held 
during  his  life,  enjoyed  an  annual  income 
of  £7,000,  or  about  $35,000. 

June  6,  1778,  his  lordship  again  en- 
tered the  army,  this  time  as  a  lieutenant 
in  the  39th  Foot,  and  he  wont  to  Gib- 
raltar as  aid  to  Sir  Robert  Boyd.     June 


fladderi's  Orderly  Books.         217 


The  Lieutenant  General,  Majors  General,  and 
Brigadiers  General  with  the  Staff  and  officers  of 
the  Army,  except  such  as  have  already  received, 
may  give  in   the  abstracts   for  Bat  and    Baggage 


30,  17791  ^^  '*"  promoted  to  a  cap- 
taincy in  that  reg't,  from  which  he  ex- 
changed into  the  86th,  a  new  reg't,  on 
the  30th  of  the  following  September. 
Dec.  18,  1782,  he  became  a  capt  -lieuten- 
ant in  the  3d  Foot  Guards,  which  gave 
him  the  rank  of  lieut. -colonel  in  the 
army.  On  the  6th  of  July,  1788,  his 
brother  appointed  him  First  Lord  of  the 
Admiralty,  and  he  presided  over  the 
Admiralty    until   the    middle    of   Dec, 

1794.  He  was  sworn  a  Privy  Council- 
lor April  3,  1789,  and  he  was  elected  a 
Knight  of  the  Garter  Dec.  15th,  1790. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  the 
senior  knight  of  that  most  noble  order, 
with  the  exception  of  the  sovereign  and 
his  royal  brothers.  He  became  a 
colonel  in  the  army  Oct.  12,  '793,  and 
Lord  Privy  Seal,  the  fifth  great  officer  of 
state,  Dec.  17,  1794.  He  was  com- 
missioned    a     major-general     Feb.      26, 

1795,  and  he  was  declared  Lord  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council,  the  fourth  great 
officer  of  state,  Sept.  24,  1796,  the  Duke 
of  Portland  succeeding  him  July  30, 
1801.  Thecolonelcy  of  the  4th  Foot, 
or  King's  Own,  was  conferred  on  him 
Dec.  5,  1799,  and  he  became  a  lieut. - 
general  April  29,  1802.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Master-General  of  the  Ordnance 
in  June,  1801,  in  which  position  he 
continued  until  the  dissolution  of  the 
ministry,  consequent  on  his  brother's 
death  in  Feb.,  1806.  On  the  death  of 
his  mother  April  3,  1803,  he  succeeded 
to  the  Barony  of  Chatham.  In  the 
Army  Lists  of  1806,  and  1807,  he  ap- 
pears as  Governor  of  Plymouth ;  and 
in  the  Lists  of  1808,  to  1820,  inclusive, 
as  Governor  of  Jersey.  On  the  31st  of 
March,  1807,  he  was  reappointed  to  the 
Master   Generalship  of  the    Ordnance, 

28 


which  he  then  held  until  May,  18 10. 
In  1809  he  was  entrusted  with  the 
military  command  of  the  unfortunate 
Walcheren  expedition,  the  first  and  last 
active  command  ii.-^  ever  held.  His 
lordship  attained  the  foil  rank  of  general 
Jan.  I,  1812,  and  ht  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Gibraltar  Ja.i.  29,  1820,  on 
the  death  of  the  Dukf.  of  Kent.  He 
died  at  his  house  in  Charles  st.  Berkeley 
sq.,  London,  Sept.  24,  1835. 

The  Earl  of  Chatham  married  the 
Hon.  Mary  Elizabeth  Townsend,  second 
daughter  of  Thomas,  first  Viscount  Sid- 
ney, July  9,  1 7*^3,  bu'  a!^  she  died  May 
21,  1821,  leavi.ig  no  issue,  ana  he  never 
married  again,  the  peerage  became  ex- 
tinct. His  Lordship  was  the  last  sur- 
viving peer  of  the  family  of  Pitt,  which 
has  been  raised  to  that  dignity  in  the 
four  titled  branches  of  Rivers,  Camel- 
ford,  Chatham,  and  Londonderry  ;  and 
at  his  death  there  were  but  five  generals 
above  him  on  the  Army  Lists. 

The  Earl  of  Chatham  owed  his  num- 
erous appointments  and  exalted  position 
to  his  distinguished  birth  and  influential 
connection,  rather  than  to  any  merit  of 
his  own ;  and  it  is  very  clear  that 
he  possessed  no  military  genius.  A 
writer  in  the  London  Chronicle  at  the 
time  of  the  death  of  the  great  Earl  of 
Chatham  and  the  elevation  of  the  son  to 
the  peerage,  thus  refers  to  the  latter,  and 
we  fancy  with  great  justice  :  "  Those 
who  have  the  honour  of  knowing  him 
say,  he  is  a  very  quiet  character,  and 
much  more  calculated  for  the  exercise  of 
the  milder  virtues,  than  the  bustle  of  a 
public  station."  [B.  H  :  E.  U.  546  : 
L.  V.  528  :  A.  S:  F.  O  :  K.  D.  51  : 
E.  925:  H.  39:  H.  I.  567:  H.  f. 
134:    J.G] 


2 1 8         HadderCs  Orderly  Books. 


for  the  campaign,  as  also  for  one  Hundred   Days 
Forage  Money. 

The  Paymasters  of  the  several  Regiments  to 
attend  with  their  abstracts  on  the  Quarter  Master 
General  and  Deputy  Adjutant  General  on  the 
1 3th  Instant  at  9  o'clock  in  the  Morning. 

A  ship  is  to  sail  for  England  in  two  Days  ;  any 
Letters  that  the  Officers  or  Soldiers  of  the  Army 
want  to  send,  are  to  be  sent  immediately  to  Head 
Quarters,  where  they  will  be  taken  care  of 

His  Excellency  the  Commander  in  Chief  has 
been  pleased  to  appoint  Doctor  Robert  Knox  f*^ 
to  be  Physician,  and  the  Reverend  Edward  Bru- 
denell/(?  to  be  Chaplain  to  the  Staff. 

A  Serjeant  and  12  Men  from  the  ist  Brigade 
to  be  sent  immediately  to  the  Portage,  with  2 
Days  Provisions,  to  carry  Boats  to  St.  John's : 
The  Serjeant  is  to  put  3  Men  in  each  Boat,  that 
are  to  be  joined  by  3  Canadians. 


/c.  Dr.  Robert  Knox  was  among 
the  officer*  of  hospitals  for  the  British 
forces  in  No.th  America  appointed  in 
1776.  He  held  the  rank  of  "Physician" 
at  the  first',  but  Lord  George  Germainc 
wrote  to  Sir  Guy  Carleton  fiom  White- 
hall, March  a6th,  1777,  as  follows  : — "  I 
have  the  satisfaction  to  acquaint  you 
that  his  Majrsty  has  been  pleased  to  ap- 
point Dr.  Knox  Inspector  General  of 
the  Hospitals  to  the  Army  under  your 
command,  of  which  he  will  receive  the 
proper  notice  from  the  Secretary  of 
War."-  Dr.  Knox  was  transferred  from 
active  service  to  half- pay  as  inspector 
general   at   Canada    in     1781,   and    his 


name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the 
last  time  in  1792.'  ['B.  H.  "F.  D. 
167.] 

fJ.  It  should  have  been  stated  in 
the  note  on  Rev.  Edward  Brudenel,  ante^ 
page  106,  that  in  "  A  List  of  the  Officers 
of  the  Army  serving  in  North  America 
under  the  command  of  His  Excellency 
General  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  K  B.,"  for 
the  year  1783,  he  is  found  as  "  Chaplain 
to  the  staff,"  page  18.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  at  that  time  Sir  Guy 
Carleton's  headquarters  were  in  the  city 
of  New  York. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,  219 

This  Party  is  to  be  given  always  at  the  requi- 
sition of  the  Quarter  Master  General. 

The  Serjeant's  Party  for  the  Boats   to  Day  are 
to  have  Provisions  for  this  Day  and  tomorrow. 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.    Chamblhy  nth  July,  1776. 

One  Subaltern  with  twenty  Men  and  a  pro- 
portion of  noncommissioned  Officers  from  the 
Park,  are  to  form  a  Working  Party  every  Day, 
to  assist  in  Landing  Stores,  Mounting  Guns,  &c. 
The  Major  General's  intention  by  this  Order  is 
not  only  to  give  the  Artillery  Men  a  share  of 
this  Fatigue  with  the  Line,  but  likewise  for  the 
Instruction  of  the  young  Officers  and  men  in  so 
necessary  a  part  of  their  Duty. 

Conductor  Johns  with  two  experienced  men 
per  Company  are  to  be  fixed  with  the  Laboratory 
under  the  direction  of  Lieutenant  Houghton. 

It  is  Major  General  Phillips  positive  Order 
that  no  man  is  suffered  to  straggle  out  of  Camp, 
after  retreat-beating,  and  that  the  Roll  is  to  be 
called  at  uncertain  hours  at  Night  to  see  that 
none  are  absent. 

In  the  quick  firing  Motions  the  man  who 
rams  home,  is  on  falling  back,  to  give  the  word 
Fire  as   usual,  but  is  on  no  Account   to  turn   his 


220         HadderCs  Orderly  Books. 

head,  but  keep  his  Eyes  fixed  on  the  Muzzle  of 
the  Gun,  so  that  he  may  be  certain  when  the 
Gun  has  fired,  before  he  steps  forward  to  Spunge. 

The  Gunner  who  fires,  although  he  hears  the 
word  Fire  from  the  man  who  rams,  is  yet  not  to 
put  the  Port-fire  to  the  Vent,  but  by  the  Order 
of  the  Officer,  or  non  Commissioned  Officer,  who 
is  at  that  Gun. 

In  quick-firing  Practice  the  Gun  is  to  be 
spunged  between  every  firing,  except  now  and. 
then  by  order  of  the  Commanding  Officer,  a  few 
rounds  may  be  fired  without  Spunging  to  practise 
the  men  for  a  time  of  Action  when  this  may  be- 
come necessary.  The  Officers  will  order  Spung- 
ing again  by  word  of  Command. 

The  Detachment  to  practice  the  quick-firing 
Motions  with  Powder  on  Monday  next. 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.     ChambUe^  nth  July ^  1776. 

The  Quarter  Guard  to  consist  of  an  Officer, 
Serjeant,  two  non  Commissioned  Officers,  and  24 
Privates;  to  furnish  eight  Sentries,  one  at  the 
Laboratory,  one  upon  the  Stores  on  the  Beach, 
Two  on  the  Flanks  of  the  Encampment,  Two 
upon  the  Park,  One  upon  the  Guard,  and  one 
upon  the  Commanding  Officer  in  Camp. 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.  22  i 

It  is  expected   that   this  Guard   be  very  alert 
and  turn  out  upon  all  occasions  ;  to  the  General 
with  Rested  Arms,  Officers  Salute,  Drums  beat  a 
march :      The    Lieutenant    General    the    same. 

TK^^aV  ^'""^  ^""'^"g  ^"^y  three  Ruffles: 
The  Majors  General,  the  Officers  do  not  salute. 
Two  Ruffles :  The  Brigadiers,  one  Ruffle.  To 
the  Commanding  Officer  in  Camp,  turn  out  once 
a  day  with  rested  arms,  at  other  times  stand  to 
their  Arms. 

The  Officer  nor  any  of  the  men  to  be  absent 
trom  the  Guard,  but  for  a  certain  time  at  Meals. 

The  Picket  for  Duties  of  Fatigue  to  consist  of 
the  same  number  as  the  Guard,  and  are  to  take 
that  Duty  on  the  preceding  Day  to  their  Mount- 

The  Officer's  Guard  is  to  commence  on  Mon- 
day next. 

The  hours  of  Exercise  in  the  morning  with 
the  Guns  to  be  from  Six  to  Eight  under  the 
Orders  of  a  Captain,  and  all  the  Subalterns  to 
attend. 

The  Evening  Parade,  as  usual,  an  hour  and  a 
nait  before  retreat  beating. 

When  the    Commanding   Officers  of    Com- 
panies have  occasion  to  employ  any  of  their  Men 
U  must  be  in  those  hours  when   there  are  no 


222  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

Two  Second  Lieutenants  to  attend  in  turn 
from  ten  to  twelve  in  the  Laboratory,  to  instruct 
themselves  in  that  branch  of  the  Service ;  they 
are  to  prepare  Tables,  Minutes  and  Mem- 
orandums :  as  an  Examination  will  be  held  be- 
fore the  Campaign  on  the  Lakes,  which  the 
Second  Lieutenants  are  to  prepare  themselves  for. 


G.  O,  Chamblie,  12th  Juiy^  ^11^- 

Parole — St.  Cecilia.     C.  5. — Point  aux  Trembles. 

The  Guard  that  is  to  mount  Lt  the  little 
Portage  tomorrow  is  to  consist  of  a  Subaltern 
Officer,  a  Serjeant,  two  Corporals,  and  24  Men  ; 
this  Guard  is  to  furnish  3  Men  to  be  put  into 
every  Batteaux  that  goes  from  the  little  Portage 
to  St.  Johns. 

This  Duty  to  be  done  by  Brigadier  General 
Powel's  Brigade  and  by  the  Regiments  of  that 
Brigade  alternatively,  and  is  to  be  relieved  every 
4  Days. 

The  Offals  &c.  of  the  several  Butcheries  to  be 
buried  deep  in  the  Ground,  and  not  to  be  thrown 
into  the  River. 

The  100  Workmen  for  Captain  Laws  to  be 
continued  till  further  Orders  from  the  ist 
Brigade. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books. 


223 


Second    Lieutenant    William    P^^  f.      c     x. 
Royal  Redmenf  nf  A  .11     ^    ^^*^     °^    ^he 
AssltanVSLs/rv/f  P  ""^-^    "PP^^"^^^  Under 
of  ArtilleryrcSa     """  ^°  ''''  ^"S^^^ 


G.  O. 


Chamblee,  13th    July    1776 
P-./.- St.  Patrick.  C...-'d£: 

?w;      r         '^''^"'""'  Hth  July.  ,776. 
rarole  —  George.  re        tt 

6  tv.»>. —  Hanover. 

P^r../^— Bristol.  r-    /    T^^^' 

rru     T^-      .        ^  *^* —  Canada. 

^^rl^LercT^^^^  ^\  Parishes  as 

Horses,  or  utC'^^TiJ^',^  exc"e"'.  ''^^^^  ^"^ 
Provisions.  ^orvees,#  except  to  transport 


Mm;,     if  ^"*  "'"*'*  '*"=  Royal 

Military   Academy    at    Woolwich,  a,   a 

camea  2d  lieutenant  in  the  ist  Battalion 
KKf"y"  Artillery  June  ,7,  ,77," 
which  battalion  was  stationed  in  Amer-' 
.«  m  1773  He  served  with  the 
artillery    in    Canada    in    ,776,  and    ac- 

3'oT'  l-T'"''  '"  '777  on  July 
I2th,  of  which  year,  he  was  appointed 
.nder  assistant  commissary  of  provisions 
^  the    brigade  of  artillery    i„  Canada 

r^nH ''"."'•'"'''''    •"    Burgoyne's    sur-' 
render  and  signed  the  Cambridge  parole 
He  resigned  from  the  artillery  in  March, 
177»,  to   accept   promotion    in  the  in- 
ftntry  arm  of  the  ,„vice,  having  been 


iast  time  in  1793. 

WiSm  r '"""°'!i"  "nt'n'porary  Capt. 
William  Lox  m  the  5th  Foot.  Fusiliera 
who  afterwards  exchanged  into  the  8rH, 
Foot  on  half-pay.     [B.  H  :  G°  u  J  ^ 

.  ff-      Corvee  is  a  French  word,   mean- 

ng  .n  English,  statute  labor,  hisb";;; 

service,  an    ungrateful   task,  drndgeiy,  . 


224-         Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

The  Inhabitants  of  St.  Therese  arc  to  be  em- 
ployed with  their  Carts  and  Horses  only,  be- 
tween that  place  and  St.  Johns,  at  the  requistion 
of  Brigadier  General  Frazer. 


G.O.  Chamblee,  i6th  July,  xf-jt. 

Parole — London.  C.  S. —  New  York. 

The  Commanding  Officers  of  Corps  will  take 
every  opportunity  to  exercise  the  Troops  in  the 
use  and  management  of  Boats,  in  Embarking, 
Rowing,  Landing,  and  forming  with  Celerity  ; 
also  in  attacking  and  boarding  Boats,  or  Armed 
Vessels,  that  they  may  be  expert  in  those  Ex- 
ercises should  the  Rebels  be  foolish  enough  to 
attempt  opposition  on  either  Element. 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.     ChambUe^  \6th  July,  1776. 

Two  ten  Inch  IVIorters,  and  eight  heavy  24. 
Pounders  with  their  Stores  are  to  be  sent  up  by 
the  Gondola  to  Chamblee  in  such  proportions 
as  she  can  carry  with  safety. 

job.  In  Canada  it  designated  the  tervice  ownen,  which  Litter  furnished  this  labor 
which  the  peasants,  or  tenants,  were  to  the  British.  Hence  the  peasants 
bound  to  render  their  seigneurs,  or  land     doing  this  work  were  called  corvees. 


Madden  s  Orderly  Books.         225 

With  the  last  Embarkation  of  the  above  men- 
tioned Artillery,  Captain  Borthwick  will  embark 
with  the  remainder  of  his  Company  after  having 
left  Lieutenant  Duvernet/?/  with  twenty  men 
and  a  proportion  of  Noncommissioned  Officers 
at  Saintour  ;  Such  men  are  to  be  picked  to  form 
this  Detachment  as  can  be  trusted  with  the  care 
of  the  Batteaux  that  are  sent  up  ;  and  Orders  are 
to  be  left  for  Lieutenant  Hadden  to  proceed 
with  his  Detachment  to  Chamblee  upon  his 
arrival  at  Saintour.  The  Quarter  Master  will 
remain  with  the  Transports  till  further  Orders. 


G.  O.  ChambUe,  \yth  July,  1776. 

Parole  —  Liverpool.     C.  S. —  Philadelphia. 
Captain  Money /^  of  the  9th  Regiment  is  ap- 


fg.  Abram  Duvernet  became  a 
gentleman  cadet  at  the  Royal  Military 
Academy  at  Woolwich  March  I,  1774; 
a  2d  lieut.  in  the  Royal  Artillery  Jan. 
II,  1776;  a  ist  lieut.  July  7,  1779;  a 
captain  lieutenant  March  22,  178$  ;  a 
captain  Nov.  i,  1793;  a  majur  in  the 
army  May  6,  1795  ;  a  major  in  the 
artillery  April  18,  1801  ;  a  lieut. -colonel 
in  the  army  Jan  i,  1800;  and  a  lieut.- 
colonel  in  the  artillery  Feb.  11,  1802. 
He  died  at  Ringmer  in  Sussex,  England, 
Oct.  23,  1806.     [G.  U.] 

fk.  John  Money  was  born  in  Nor- 
wich, England,  in  or  about  the  year 
1740*.  As  early  as  1760  he  was  an 
ensign  in  the  Norfolk  militia,'  and  he 
afterwards  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the 

29 


15th,  or  the  King's  Regiment  of  Light 
Dragoons,  and  as  such  was  at  the 
battle  of  Felinghausen,  and  other  engage- 
ments in  1761.'  March  11,  1762,  he 
was  commissioned  as  a  cornet  in  the  6th, 
or  Enniskillen  Dragoons,  with  which 
regiment  he  served  until  Feb.  10,  1770, 
when  he  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in 
the  9th  Foot.3  He  accompanied  his 
regiment  to  Canada  in  the  spring  of 
1776,  and  took  part  in  the  operations 
against  the  Americans  that  year  under 
Sir  Guy  Carleton.  July  17,  1776,  he 
was  appointed  deputy-quarter-master- 
general, ^  and  the  next  year  he  accom- 
panied Burgoyne  on  his  expedition  a* 
such,  and  had  full  charge  of  the  quarter- 
master's department  of  that  army.  Capt. 
Money  acted   quite  an  important   part, 


226  Haddens  Orderly  Books, 


pointed  Deputy  Quarter  Master  General,  and  is 
to  be  obeyed  as  such. 


according  to  the  British  Sergeant  Lamb, 
in  Lieut. -Col.  Hill's  affair  with  the  9th 
Regiment,  against  the  Americans,  near 
Fort  Ann.  Sergeant  I^amb,  who  was  in 
the  9th,  gives  this  version  of  the  matter 
in  his  Journal  : — "  When  the  troops 
arrived  at  the  summit  of  the  hill  they 
formed  in  Indian  file,  and  kept  up  a  well 
directed  fire  till  all  the  ammunition  was 
expended  ;  the  enemy  observing  that  the 
firing  ceased,  was  encouraged  to  press 
forward  with  redoubled  vigour,  and 
endeavoured  to  surround  them  in  order  to 
cut  ot}'  all  retreat.  Just  at  this  critical 
moment  a  war  hoop  was  heard,  which 
resounded  through  the  wood  j  this  sound, 
which  w.is  so  obnoxious  at  th  it  time  to 
ths  Americans,  threw  them  into  the 
utmost  consternation.  The  war  hoop 
was  Sounded  by  captain  Money,  deputy- 
quarter-master-general ;  he  had  been 
detached  by  general  Burgoyne  early  in 
the  morning  from  Skeensborough,  with 
a  party  of  Indians,  in  order  to  join  this 
detachment}  when  they  came  within 
four  miles  of  Fort  Ann,  they  heard  the 
firing  ;  Captain  Money  ordered  them  to 
advance  as  fast  as  possible  to  assist,  but 
they  refused  to  obey  him,  and  either 
stood  still  or  advanced  very  slow.  Being 
anxiou;i  to  join  the  party  at  all  events, 
he  ran  forward  by  himself  with  all  his 
might,  and  came  to  the  bottom  of  the 
hill  where,  just  as  all  the  ammunition 
was  expended,  he  gave  the  war-hoop."* 
The  real  cause  of  the  Americans  retreat- 
ing was  that  they  had  expended  all  their 
ammunition  ;  ani  if  the  British  had  done 
the  same,  as  Anburey  asserts,  neither 
knew  the  other's  predicament,  so  each 
wished  to  get  away  from  its  antagonist. 
Capt.  Money  was  at  the  battles  of 
Freeman's  Farm  and  Bemus'  Heights,  at 
the  latter  of  which  he  was  taken  pris- 
oner.* He  testified  before  a  Committee 
of  the  House  of  Commons   on   the  ayth 


of  May,  1779,  in  regard  to  Burgoyne's 
unfortunate  expedition ;  but  whether  he 
had  then  been  exchanged,  or  was  simply 
on  parole,  we  do  not  know.7  As  we 
find  one  of  Lord  Cornwallis's  proclama- 
tions issued  in  5touth  Carolina  Sept.  15, 
1780,  attested  by  "J.  Money,  Aid  de 
Camp,"  we  infer  that  Capt.  Money 
returned  to  America  and  served  on  the 
Earl  Cornwallis's  staff.*  He  became  a 
major  in  the  army  Nov.  17,  1780,  and 
the  major  of  the  9th  Fo..t  Sept.  28,  178 1. 
In  17S4,  or  early  in  1785,  he  exchanged 
on  to  the  half  pay  of  the  91st  Foot,  and 
he  continued  on  half-pav,  as  major,  from 
the  Army  List  of  1785  to  that  of 
1815.3 

When  the  people  of  Belgium  took  up 
arms  against  Austria  in  1789-90,  Major 
Money  otfered  his  services  to  the  p.itriots, 
from  whom  he  received  a  commission  of 
major-general  \  but  the  resistance  not 
proving  successful  he  returned  to  Eng- 
land, and  proposed  to  raise  a  force  of 
three  or  four  thousand  men  from  the 
wreck  of  their  army  for  the  British 
service.  His  offer  was  declined,  because, 
it  is  said.  Lord  Cornwallis.  the  com- 
mander-in-chief in  India,  desired  that 
no  more  foreigners  might  be  sent  out  to 
him,  the  Hanoverians  under  his  com- 
mand being  unfit  for  service.".'  He 
became  a  lieut.-col-inel  in  the  army  Nov. 
18,  1790-%  and  in  1792  he  presented  a 
memorial  to  the  king  earnestly  recom- 
mending the  establishment  of  a  corps  of 
riflemen.  On  the  6th  of  April,  in  the 
next  year,  be  addressed  a  letter  to  Lord 
Amherst,  then  commander  in  chief,  in 
which  after  stating  that  he  had  just 
returned  from  serving  in  the  French 
army  as  maresctal  de  camp,  and  had 
dc  .ined  the  rank  of  lieut.  general  in  the 
Brabant  service,  he  endeavoured,  but 
without  efiect,  to  procure  a  command  in 
the    army    then   raising    to  join    Prince 


Hadden^s  Orderly  Books,         227 


Captain  Littlejohn  fi  is  appointed  Master  At- 
tendant and  Naval  Storekeeper  from  the  mouth 
of  Sorel  up  to  St.  John's. 


Cobourg.  He  is  taid  to  have  vainly 
lolicited  employment  in  various  subse- 
quent expeditions  ;  and  on  the  return  of 
the  British  troops  sent  to  the  Helder 
under  the  Duke  of  York,  whose  failure 
he  had  confidently  predicted,  he  proposed 
to  raise  a  regiment  of  ririemen  at  his  own 
expense,  but  his  otfer  was  rejected. 

At  this  time  he  published  "  A  Treatise 
on  the  necessity  of  having  Sharpshooters 
in  the  British  Service ";  and  the  wjnt 
of  such  troops  having  been  sensibly  felt 
by  the  forces  in  Holland,  two  regiments 
of  them  were  shortly  after  organized 
His  next  publication,  of  which  only  forty 
copies  were  printed,  was  '  A  Military 
Description  oi  the  County  of  Kent  'j 
and  h^  subsequently  drew  up  accounts  of 
the  military  positions  in  various  other 
parts  of  the  kingdom,  by  which  he 
appears  to  have  matetialiy  increased  his 
reputation  '  He  became  a  culoncl  in 
the  army  Aug.  21,  1795,  and  a  maj.>r- 
general  June  18,  1798.'  In  1799  he 
addressed  a  letter  to  the  Right  Hon. 
William  Windham  on  a  reorganizati  >n 
of  the  British  army,  in  which  he  showed 
the  value  of  irregu'ars  as  shirpshooters 
in  an  enclosed  country.  About  the 
same  time  he  addressed  another  letter  to 
Mr.  Windham,  in  which  he  strongly 
censured  the  practice  of  Hogging,  for 
which  he  proposed,  in  case  of  desertion, 
to  substitute  branding  on  the  shoulder. 
He  also  published  an  address  to  the 
people  of  Norfolk  and  Satfolk  on  the 
threate.ied  invasion,  which  produced 
such  an  effect,  it  is  said,  that  shortly 
after,  three  companies  of  riflemen  were 
raised  in  Norwich,  twelve  battalions  of 
volunteers  in  Norfolk,  and  almost  as 
many  in  SulFolk.  In  addition  to  these 
productions  he   wrote  a   treatise   on  the 


use  of  Martello  towers  ;  a  treatise  on  the 
use  of  portable  guns  for  the  protection  of 
the  coast ;  and  <  An  Account  of  the 
Revolutionary  War  oi  1792,*  in  which 
he  censured  the  conduct  of  Dumouriez, 
although  that  distinguished  general  had, 
it  is  said,  offered  him  the  command  of 
the  army  of  Brabant.' 

He  became  a  lieut.-general  Oct.  30, 
1805,  and  a  general  June  4,  18143  On 
the  return  of  the  Bourbons  to  France  he 
received  a  cross  of  St.  Louis  as  a  token  of 
gratitude  from  the  restored  monarch, 
having,  as  it  is  related  in  his  History  of 
the  Revolution,  risen  from  his  bed  on  the 
night  of  the  9th  or"  August,  1792,  and 
proceeded  to  the  Tuileries  to  assist  in 
protecting  Louis  XVI,  whom,  his  aid 
de  camp  had  informed  him,  the  mob  of 
St.  Antoine  was  preparing  to  massacre. 
It  is  alleged  that  while  he  was  in  Paris, 
about  this  turbulent  period,  he  regularly 
transmitted  to  Gen.  Rainsford  accounts 
of  every  important  event  that  occurred, 
and  that  his  letters  were  invariably  for- 
warded, through  Lord  Granville,  to  the 
king,  whom,  in  one  of  them,  he  seems 
to  have  greatly  otfended,  by  stating  that 
ministers  would  be  either  madmen  or 
fools,  to  engage  in  a  war  with  France 
under  existing  circumst.inces.' 

He  was  colonel  o."  the  East  Norfolk 
Veomanry  Cavalry  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  which,  according  to  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  took  place  at  Trowse 
Hall,  Norfolk,  on  the  26th  of  March, 
1817,  when  he  was  in  the  78th  year 
of  his  age.  The  Georgian  Era  state* 
that  he  died  at  his  estate  called  Crown 
Point,  near  Norwich,  in  Norfolk,  Eng- 
land.' 

He  was  eminently  instrumental  in 
establishing   the   title   corps,   but    doubts 


fi.   See  Appendix  20. 


228  Hadden^s  Orderly  Books. 

G.  O.  Chamblee,  i8M  July,  1776. 

Parole  -   Howe.  C.  S.~  New  York. 

Some  Brigades  having  omitted  sending  in 
their  weekly  State  on  Monday  last,  they  are  de- 
sired to  do  it  punctually  for  the  future. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

G.  O.  Chamblee,  19th  July,  1776. 

Parole — Clinton.  C.  S. —  Virginia. 

When  any  Carts  loaded  with  his  Majesty's 
Stores  pass  from  Montreal  or  elsewhere  they  are 
to  be  put  under  the  charge  of  a  careful  Non- 
commissioned Officer  from  the  different  Canton- 


mand  j  and 
enjoyed  the 
He  appears, 
considerable 


exist  as  to  his  qualifications  for  com 
it  is  clear  that  he  never 
confidence  of  government, 
however,  to  have  possessed 
talent  as  a  military  man, 
and  in  animal  courage  he  had  few  equals. 
On  one  occasion  during  a  violent  thunder 
storm,  which  deterred  one  who  had  agreed 
to  accompany  him  on  an  aeronautic  excur- 
sion, he  entered  the  car  alone,  uttering  a 
brutal  definnce  to  the  elements,  and 
ascended.  After  having  been  carried  a 
distance  of  thirty  miles,  the  gas  in  the 
balloon  by  some  accident  rapidly  escaped 
and  the  balloon  fell  into  the  sea. 
Money,  however,  though  up  to  his  neck 
in  water,  clung  to  the  wrecic  until 
rescued  by  the  crew  of  a  vessel,  who  had 
luckily  discovered  his  perilous  situation. 
One  other  incident  will  serve  to  illustrate 
the  physical  courage  of  this  man.  The 
cause  of  the  sudden  death  of  .Broughton, 
the    celebrated   pugilist,  which    had   pre- 


viously been  hidden  in  mystery,  was  fully 
revealed  on  an  inspection  of  Gen. 
Money's  papers.  It  appeared  that  Brough- 
ton,  having  fallen  into  difficulties,  had 
resorted  to  highway  robbery,  and,  un- 
fortunately for  himself,  had  stopped  the 
general.  "  1  know  you,  Broughton," 
said  Money,  "  and  will  not  be  plundered. 
Go  about  your  business,  and  I  will  never 
discover  you."  Broughton,  however, 
insisted  on  having  the  general's  purse. 
•'  Well,  if  you  will,  you  must,"  said 
Money,  producing  a  pistol  and  instantly 
lodging  its  contents  in  Broughton't 
body  ; — "  There,"  added  he,  "  now  go 
home  Broughton,  and  keep  your  own 
secret;  I'll  never  discover  you."  The 
pugilist  soon  after  died  of  his  wound,  and 
the  secret  did  not  transpire  until  after 
Gen.  Money's  death.'  ['E.  V.  97 : 
E.  M.  376.  "B.  M.  84.  3B.  H. 
♦E.  Z.  SO.  V.  142.  eO.  V  176. 
7B.  N.  39.     *K.  I.  28.] 


Hadderis  Orderly  Books.         229 

ments,  who  are  to  relieve  each  other  on  the 
Road,  and  are  to  be  answerable  that  the  Stores 
are  safely  delivered  over,  for  which  purpose  a 
List  of  them  must  be  taken.  . 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 
G.  O.  Chamblee,  20th  July,  1776. 

Parole  —  Cornwallis.  C.  S, —  Albany. 


G.  O. 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Chamblee,  2is.t  July,  1776. 
C.  S. —  Maryland. 


Parole  —  Percy. 

Doctor  Kennedy,/^  Physician  to  the  Hospital, 
is  appointed  by   the  General,  Inspector  of  the 


f'j.  Dr.  Hugh  Kennedy,  one  of  the 
officers  oi  hospitals  for  the  British  forces 
in  North  America,  appointed  in  1776, 
ranked  as  a  "  Physician,"  until  the  last 
year  of  the  war,  when  he  seems  to  have 
been  promoted  to  "Inspector  General  of 
Regimental  Infirmaries,"  as  in  the  Army 
List  of  1784  he  is  found  on  half-pay 
with  this  increased  rank.  He  continued 
on  half-pay  for  ten  years,  as  his  name 
appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the  last 
time  in  1793.  When  the  Riedesels 
returned  to  Europe  at  the  close  of  the 
war,  the  Kennedys  accompanied  them, 
and  Madame  Riedesel,  in  her  Letters  and 
Journals,  gives  this  not  very  Mattering 
mention  oi  them  in  connection  with  her 
efforts  in  their  behalf;  the  general  she  refers 
to,  being  Gen.  Haldimand,  governor  gen- 
eral of  Canada.     Says  Madame  Riedesel 


in  describing  hur  preparations  for  de- 
parture,— "  Our  ,'hysician,  Doctor  Ken- 
nedy, on  our  passage  through  Three 
Rivers,  pressed  us  to  arrange  it  in  such  a 
manner  that  his  family,  namely,  his 
wife  and  tl/ree  daughters,  two  maid  serv- 
ants and  an  attendant,  could  go  with  us 
to  Europe.  We  promised  him,  accord- 
ingly, to  speak  with  the  general,  for  he 
was  very  skillful,  and  we  thought  it 
would  be  a  capital  idea  to  have  such  a 
man  with  us.  The  general  replied  to  me, 
when  I  asked  him,  '  The  ship  is  yours, 
arrange  matters  as  you  please ;  but  you 
do  not  know  the  pretentions  of  these 
people,  who  will  make  you  a  good  deal 
of  trouble.'  I  learned  afterward,  by 
dear  experience,  that  he  knew  his  man 
w^U."     [p.  aio.] 


230  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

Regimental  Hospitals,  and  he  is  to  be  obeyed  as 
such. 

The  Officer  commanding  the  Guard  at  St. 
Therese  is  not  to  suffer  any  Carts  with 
Stores  to  pass  on  towards  St.  Johns,  without 
they  bring  with  them  an  Order  in  writing  from 
either  Major  General  Phillips,  the  Quarter 
Master  General,  or  Officers  authorised  by 
them:  all  other  Carts  are  to  be  unloaded  at 
St.  Therese  and  sent  back  to  Chamblee. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 
G.  O.  Chamblee,  22nd  July,  1776. 

P^ro/^  —  St.  George.  C.  5.— England. 

Mr  Richard  Huntley  is  appointed  by  the 
General  to  be  Surgeon  to  the  Garrison  ot 
Montreal. 

All  Recruits  now  at  Montreal  belonging  to 
the  Regiments  in  Canada  to  be  marched  forth- 
with under  their  respective  Officers  to  their 
several  Cor>.v 

The  Recruits  of  Regiments  not  in  Canada, 
are  to  be  marched  to  the  Head  Quarters  of  the 
Army  at  Chamblee  in  Order  to  be  incorporated 
into  the  weakest  Corps. 

For  the  future  Prisoners  confined  for  Crimes 
are  to   receive   from  the    Commissary   no  other 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.         231 

Provision  than  a  full  allowance  of  Bread,  unless 
their  Health  should  render  any  other  food  nec- 
essary, which  must  be  certified  under  the  Hand 
of  a  Surgeon  or  Apothecary  of  the  Hospital. 

The  Complaints   still  continue  of  the  Inhabi- 
tants   being   ill   treated   by   those   who   have  the 
transports  of  Horses  or   Provisions,  and  m  par- 
ticular that    the   Sailors    use  the  People  ill  and 
plunder    the   Farms.       It   is   ordered   thai  those 
lirigades  which  are  on  the  River  Sorei  take  every 
means   to   prevent   these    Disorders.     That  it  be 
signified  to  the   Inhabitants  to  apply   to  Officers 
for  redress,  who   are   enjoined   to   give  it,  and  to 
use  every  means  for   preventing   such    Disorders. 
Patroles  are    to    be    sent   occasionally    from  the 
Cantonments  on   the  Sorel,  who  are  to  coast  the 
River,  and  be  ready  to   stop   any   violences  used 
towards  the  Inhabitants. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.    ChambUe.Juiy  22nd,  1776. 

A  four  Gun  Battery  and  a  Battery  for  four 
Mortars  to  be  constructed  immediately  ;  for  this 
purpose  Fascines  and  Pickets  are  to  be  made  and 
the  Batteries  to  be  finished  by  Saturday  Evening 
The  Gun  Battery  to  be  constructed  at  about 
500  Yards  from  the  River,  taking  its  line  of 
direction   over  the   Bason  of  Chambl^e  to  where 


232  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

the  River  takes  its  course.  The  Mortar  Battery 
to  be  so  constructed  that  a  clear  Range  of  about 
600  Yards  may  be  gained,  and  the  direction  may 
be  either  towards  the  River,  towards  the  Country, 
or  across  it,  as  may  be  most  convenient.  This 
work  to  be  carried  on  in  the  Morning,  and  the 
Gun  practice  in  the  Evening  during  the  Week. 
At  all  general  Parades  of  the  Detachment,  all 
the  Officers  to  be  present,  except  by  particular 
leave  of  the  Commanding  Officer  in  Camp.  At 
the  Evening  Roll-calling,  the  men  having  re- 
ported the  State  of  their  Companies  to  the  Com- 
manding Officer,  are  to  take  post  at  the  head  of 
their  Companies,  and  wait  the  Commanding 
Officer's  Orders. 

On  Thursday  Evening  next  at  6  o'clock  the 
whole  Detachment  to  be  under  Arms;  the  Com- 
missary, Clerks,  Conductors,  Artificers,  and  all 
the  civil  Branch  to  attend,  when  the  Articles  of 
War  are  to  be  read.  The  Major  General  has 
reason  to  believe  there  is  a  want  of  Attention  in 
the  Conductors  ot  Stores,  and  great  irregularities 
among  the  Artificers. 

Major  Williams  is  directed  to  call  for  such 
reports,  and  have  such  roll-calling  as  he  may 
see  necessary  to  keep  up  a  strict  Discipline  in  the 
Civil  Branch. 

Any  misbehaviour  will  be  punished  with  the 
utmost  Severity. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,  233 

^y  Major  General  Phillips. 
^   O.  ChambUe,  July  23^,  1776. 

P^r./.- St.  Anne.  ^        C  5.- York. 


G-  0.  Chambl^e,  2^th  July,  1776. 

Parole— ^t.  Michael.  C.  5.— Worcester. 

The  Troops  concerned  in  the  followine  Dis- 
position are  to  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to 
march  accordingly. 

The  2ist  and  62nd  Regiments  to  St.  Therese 
trom  whence  the  21st  will  detach  two  Com- 
panies to  Haze^ouse,  and  the  62nd  two  Com- 
panies across  the  Sorel  opposite  to  St.  Therese 

Orders  for  the  conduct  of  these  Companies 
will  be  given  at  the  time.  Three  Companies  of 
the  34th  from  the  6  now  at  Sorel  are  to  occupy 
Saintours,  St  Denis,  and  St.  Charles,  one  Com- 
pany at  each  place,  from  whence  they  are  to 
establish  a  chain  of  small  Patroles  to  prevent 
marauding  and  other  irregularities  committed  by 
Sailors,  and  others,  of  which  there  are  daily 
complaints.  -^ 

Two  Companies  from  the  2nd  Brigade  to 
canton  on  the  South  Side  of  the  Sorel  opposite 
Belle  Oeil  to  continue  the  Chain  of  Pa^role! 
towards  the  Parish  of  Chamblde. 


30 


234  Hadderi's  Orderly  Books. 

Besides  the  common  Patroles  all  Detachments 
on  the  South  of  the  Sorel  will  be  prepared  to 
push  Parties  into  the  Woods  to  a  considerable 
distance,  for  the  Conduct  of  which  they  will 
receive  further  Orders. 

Boats  will  be  ordered  for  keeping  proper  com- 
munication between  the  Corps  of  the  different 
sides  of  the  River. 

An  Officer  and  25  Men  from  Colonel  Mac- 
lean's/'''^^  Corps  to  take  post  at  the  Ferry- house  at 
Longueil  to  prevent  irregularities  in  forcing 
Boats  and  Carriages.  The  Quarter  Masters  of 
all  Regiments  are  to  be  responsible  that  the 
empty  Flour  Casks  are  always  returned  to  the 
Deputy  Commissaries  by  the  first  opportunity. 

G.  O.  Chambleey  July  25M,  1776. 

Parole — St.  John.  C.  S.  Florence. 

The  53  recruits  now  at  St.  Therese,  are  to  be 
incorporated  into  the  47th  and  53rd  Regi- 
ments, being  the  Corps  weakest  in  numbers,  in 
the  following  proportion,  viz't.  The  47th  Regi- 
ment 48  Recruits,  and  the  53rd  Jive^  and  those 
Regiments  are  to  send  Officers  to  receive  their 
men  tomorrow  morning  at  8  o'clock.  The 
Officer  now  Commanding  the  Recruits  will 
throw  them  into  Sizes  and  Lots  for  the  impar- 
tiality of  the  Distribution. 

fk.     See  Appendix  21. 


Hodden's  Orderly  Books.         235 

othTJ'  Co!!'"^"-'  "•  ^  '°  '■"P"'''  "•«  Bridges  and 
other    Comaiunications    with    their    refoectiire 

Cantonments  and  they   are  afterwards   trkeen 

ine  v_ountry  for  this  purpose. 

The  Commanding  Officer  of  each  Reeiment 
will  .mmedtately  make  a  strict  search  into  h" 
Corps  in  order  to  find  out  some  upper  Sawyer 
which  are  very  much  wanted  at  p^e^sent  fo/the 
King  .  Service.     If  any  are  foundf  they  are  im- 

Sent  lU?ir'  f-f;°  Lieutenant' Twi^s  (M™ 
General  Philhps  Aide  de  Camp)  at  St.  Johns. 

The  Demand  made  by  Officers  for  Horses  and 
Calashes  upon  all  the  Roads,  being  more  than 
^he  Country  (..„)  supply  without  fnjury  to  the 
King  s  Service,  the   Brigadiers   commanding   in 

be    o7  ol?"'°"r"'^  ""'  ^^^'-'"  'he  n^um- 
ber  ot  Officers    making    excursions   from    their 

Regiments  except  in  Cases  of  real  Lusiness. 

Horses  or  Calashes  to  Officers  except  they  pro- 
duce an  Order  from  the  Brigadier  Genera7o?  in 
h.s  absence  the  Officer  Coi^mandi^g  a  Camon- 

f™r"  t  the  Po  t'^t'^K"^  "°^^^^  "-  '"  b'^M 
lor  at  the  l^ost  where  they  are  taken. 

The    two    Companies  of  the  21st    Regiment 
which  were  in  yesterday's  Orders  to  hoxTZZ 


236         HaUderCs  Order iy  Books, 

selves  in  readiness,  will  march  immediately  with 
their  Camp  Equipage  to  St.  John's,  where  they 
will  receive  Orders  from  Brigadier  General 
Frazer. 


G.  O.  Chamblie,  26th  July,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Thomas.       C.  S. — Canterbury. 

The  Rebel  Runaways  not  having  dared  to 
shew  their  Faces  as  Soldiers,  have  now  taken  the 
part  of  the  vilest  Assassins,  and  are  lurking  in 
small  Parties  to  murder,  if  any  single  or  unarmed 
Officer  or  Soldier  may  be  passing  the  Roads,  near 
the  Woodside. 

Brigadier  General  Gordon  was  dangerously 
wounded  yesterday  by  one  of  these  infamous 
Skulkers.  Precautions  are  taken  to  get  intelli- 
gence of  other  Parties,  and  in  order  to  be  expe- 
ditious in  the  pursuit  a  Serjeant's  Guard  (which 
is  quite  sufficient  to  quell  such  an  Enemy)  is  to 
be  ready,  distinct  from  the  Picket  in  every  Can- 
tonment. This  Guard  are  not  to  take  off  their 
Accoutrements  or  Shoes  in  the  Night,  but  are  at 
all  times  to  be  prepared  to  turn  out  at  the  in- 
stant. 

The  Person  who  commanded  the  Party  which 
attacked  General  Gordon  is  Whitcomb  of  Con- 
necticut   calling    himself     Lieutenant.     He    is 


Hodden's  Orderly  Books.         237 

hX  k  ?i^-'''  '■"''"■   *hin  than    oelierwise 

ght  brown   Ha>r  tied  behind,  rough  Face    no; 
sure  whether  occasioned  by  the  small  Pox  or'  no° 

I^^pV  '"1'*  °[  ""'^"  -f^^ket  without  Sleeve  ■ 
slash  Pockets,  leather  Breeches,  grey  woolen  or 
yarn  Stockings,  and  Shoes.     Hat^flapped   a  goH 

Po,^ch    '^;'^""'*J'-    "<='^'"'''  Firelock  Blanket 
Pouch  and  Powder  Horn.  "■"■■Kei, 

nat?r^'co^  °'-  l"^  °^  ''['  ^"'V'  °^  'he  same 
nature,    come    within    reach  of  our    Men    it  is 

tehs  ifTh"'"  "°*  """-ir  "'<="'  -"h  Sold!  r" 
them  for  dJp'"''r^^^  T"^  ''■  but  reserve 
eff:LlVtbe  SfmT ''T'^'^^    -"   -'^  b^ 

Fascint'!rf'r'""r  "■'  "°'  "P<=«  '"  ™='king 
i'ascines  are  to  send  a  proper  portion  of  Com 

theTtinerv"'p''r    ^r-'^-ed  Office^rs'^- 

some  na"7    ^^■^'    ^^''^  ''''"    ^°^k  vvill    for 
some  Days  be  going  on.      As  soon  as  the  Officr^ 
are  instructed,  the  Regiments  will  p  actL  unde 
their  Inspection  some  part  of  each  Day. 

By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne. 
^•O.  (^''ambUe,July2jth,ijj6. 

P^'rok-St.  M.rk.  C.  ^.-Venice. 

r-J*"^    ■'''"°°P'   °"^"^'^    '°  hold    themselves  in 
readiness  to  march  in  the  Orders  of  t^eih  of 


238  HaddetCs  Orderly  Books, 

July,  will  take  up  their  Quarters  on  Monday 
next.  Where  the  Cantonments  arc  not  suffi- 
cient they  will  encamp. 

By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoync. 
G.  O.  ChambUe,  'July  2^th,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Cecilia.  C.  S. — Milan. 

By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne. 
G.  O.  Chamblee,  July  29th,  1776. 

Parole — St.Jude.  C.  S. — Naples. 

The  Prisoners  taken  on  the  25th  are  to  be 
conveyed  by  Water  tomorrow  to  Sorel,  under  the 
Escort  of  an  Officer,  and  twenty  men  of  the  ist 
Brigade,  who  will  deliver  them  to  the  charge  of 
the  Commanding  Officer  there,  and  they  are  to 
be  sent  from  thence  on  board  a  Transport  for 
Quebec  under  the  Escort  of  a  Serjeant,  and  12 
Men,  which  the  Post  of  Sorel  is  to  furnish. 
Two  days'  Provisions  for  the  Prisoners,  and 
four  for  the  Escort,  who  are  to  return  with  the 
Coals  from  Sorel,  are  to  be  taken  from  hence. 
Provisions  for  the  rest  of  the  Passage  will  be 
furnished  at  Sorel.  The  Majors  of  Brigade, 
Orderly  Officers  &c  are  to  attend  for  Orders 
tomorrow,  and  the  day  after  upon  Major 
General  Phillips. 


Hodden's  Orderly  Books.  239 

By    Major  General    Phillips. 
^   O-  Chamblde.  July  30th,  ,776. 

PW.-St.  Margaret.  c.  ^.-Chester 

corporai.::?;iv:r'\tLii7j-'. 

Tohn'«;      Tk«  t\^     ^'"g   ooats  and  Stores   to  St 

jonns.     The  Quarter  Master  General    ^nA   W 

Assistants,  will  inform  th^  n  "^f?'»  ^"d  his 

at  St   Therrse  oAhl  Commanding  Officer 

ot.  inerese  of  the  particulars  of  these  Duties 

£  ment      ?he  Jr"?"'"'     ''^^^"^^     ^^^'-n^ 
ixcgiment.      1  he  greatest  attention  is  to   he  hoA 

in  endeavouring  to  apprehend  them  by  the  Corns 
in  the  several  Cantonments.  ^  P 

P^ro/?_Bernard.  r     <;■      d         , 

i>.  o.- — Brussels. 

<^-0-  ^^"'"t'^e.  2na  August,  lyyb 

P^ro/e-St.  Amhony.  C.  5.-Hume.      ' 


240         Haddens  Orderly  Books. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders. 

The  Commissary  of  Artillery  is  to  go  to  Mont- 
real to  tix  upon  proper  Magazines  and  Store- 
houses to  receive  Powder,  and  such  Stores  as  will 
be  ordered  there  from  the  Transports,  and  a 
careful  Conductor  is  to  be  placed  there  to  take 
charge  of  them  and  see  them  safely  lodged. 

All  the  Musquet  Cartridges  and  Materials  for 
making  them  are  immediately  to  be  sent  up  to 
Chamblee. 

As  the  Rain  laying  upon  the  surface  of  the 
Ground  in  Camp  is  extremely  prejudicial  to  the 
Health  of  the  men,  drains  are  to  be  made  (if 
possible)  to  carry  it  off,  and  if  that  cannot  be 
easily  effected.  Major  Williams  will  fix  upon  the 
driest  Spots  he  can  find  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  Park,  to  remove  any  part  of  the  Detachment 
to.  A  strict  regularity  in  pitching  the  Tents 
must  not  be  adhered  to  if  by  that  means  they  are 
exposed  to  a  damp  Soil. 

The  Carpenters  &c  of  the  Detachment  are  to 
be  employed  in  collecting  f^ny  materials  to  lay 
at  the  bottoms  of  the  Tents,  that  may  tend  to 
keep  the  ground  dry,  and  every  possible  means 
must  be  used  for  that  end  that  can  be  devised. 


Hada      r  Orderly  Books.  241 

By  Lieutenant  General  Bnrgoyne. 

%^U      St    ,.'^'^'"'""'  ^'  August,  ,776. 
/-^r./.- St.  Simon.  C.  5.- Ludlow. 

By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne. 

L?/:_stT?"""^''''''"^""''776- 

^'-  ^■^"■""s-         C  S.~  Bedford. 

L^:-_StG^'"'''''^"^"'^''''77<^- 
-ir  '^'-  ^-  '^-  Warwick. 

Pa»£-/rHnryS?n  tt^^^^^^^^^ 

preserve  their  respeci^L  TZ,  "^^^''"y    '" 

munications  wiK^.     ^""'"""^"K,  and  Com- 

from  a  po"s  b^tv  o^  "^^''^^f ""?  <^°^P''  free 
order  a^p  op  '^art  o^ti''  P^'^'^  T'"  "^^-i^^ 
be  formed  in  proportion  .  f."'""  (^^'''^''  '^  '° 
Brigade)  to  L'ZTmZ^'^'^^^f^ofjh. 
of  the  Dav  .-Q  t^  A     T<  ^^^?"^^-      A    FieJd   Officer 

there  areTh;°of  ^Cr':  T'^  ''"'"''•  ^'^-'^ 
that  Duty  is  to^^/tat  b;fhePc:pt"ai'nr'^%r 
are  to  visit  the  Out-posts  and  fffp  J  ^ 
post  the  outlying  Por'^/fhe^'pi/u^  In^h" 
Evening,  examine  Prisoners  and  suspYc!ou:Ver! 


242  Haddeti's  Orderly  Books, 

sons,  and  inspect  all  Duties  within  the  Compass 
of  their  Cantonments,  and  report  to  the  Brig- 
adier. The  Parishes  to  be  informed  that  every 
Person  found  out  of  his  House  after  dark,  unless 
employed  upon  the  King's  business  will  be 
taken  up. 


G.  0.  ChambUdy  August  6M,  1776. 

Parole  —  St.  Stephen.  C.  S. —  Hanover. 

A  Return  to  be  given  in  from  each  Regiment 
immediately  to  Captain  Gardner,/  Aid  de 
Camp  to  Lieutenant   General    Burgoyne,  of  the 


fl.  Henry  Farringdon  Gardner,  or 
Harry  Farrington  Gardner,  the  name 
being  found  both  ways  in  the  Army 
Lists,  entered  the  Britisli  army  May  22d, 
1761,  as  a  corrst  in  the  i6th  (or  the 
Queen's)  regiment  of  (Light)  Dragoons, 
of  which  Lt.-Col.  John  Burgoyne,  with 
whom  he  participated  in  the  Portuguese 
campaign  of  1762,  wa.  commandant. 
He  became  a  lieutenant  June  8th,  1768, 
and  the  adjutant  of  his  regiment  on  the 
20th  of  th'  next  month.  He  was  promoted 
tn  be  captain-lieutenant  and  captain  Nov. 
6th,  1772,  and  he  obtained  a  troop  of 
his  own  six  years  later  He  became  an 
aid  to  Gen.  Burgoyne  when  the  latter 
was  appointed  to  the  American  staf}', 
and  he  went  with  his  chief  to  /imer- 
ica  in  the  spring  of  each  year  ind  re- 
turned with  him  in  the  autumn.  Capt. 
Gardner  accompanied  Burgoy.'<e  upon 
the  campaign  of  1777  as  far  as  Sl'enes- 
borough,  whence  he  departed  for  England 
as  bearer  of  despatches  of  that  gene;  al's 
first  successes.  Sir  Guy  Carleton  v  rote 
Burgoyne  from  Q.uebec,  July  24,  1777, 
as  follows : — *'  I   received    your   letter  of 


the  17th  and  the  copy  of  that  which 
you  sent  to  the  Secretary  of  State  by 
Capt.  Gardner,  who  arrived  here  the 
22d,  and  there  being  a  ship  held  in 
readiness  for  him  nothing  prevented  his 
sailing  as  soon  as  he  thought  proper, 
which  was  accordingly  on  the  morning 
early'  of  the  23d  Ins't  in  one  of  the 
Victuallers  of  considerable  force,  and  a 
remarkably  fine  sailer;  so  that  he  has  all 
likelihood  of  an  expeditious  and  safe 
passage,  and  certainly  will  be  the  first 
from  Canada  with  the  news  of  the  prog- 
ress made  by  the  Forces  under  your  com- 
mand." The  Royal  George,  armed 
transport,  containing  Capt.  Gardner,  ar- 
rived in  England  about  the  22d  of  Au- 
gust, and  thus  this  officer's  connection 
with  Burgoyne's  campaign  ceased.  He 
became  the  major  of  the  i6th  Dragoons 
Sept.  nth,  1781,  and  a  lieut.- colonel  in 
the  army  Nov.  i8th,  1790.  His  name 
appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the  last 
time  in  1792.  [U.  H:  K.  1134:  H. 
G.  338  :  M.  G.  loi  :  J.  L:  O.  354: 
F.  B.  620:  " 


1.  G.  loi  :    J. 
J.  H  :  J.  Lj 


Hadden-s  Orde-ly  Books.  24.3 

quantity   of   Ammunition    in    Store,    specifying 
what    m,mbe.   of    Cartridges    they  'ha^e  rZ^ 

^-  O.  ChambUe,  August  jth,  \jjb. 

P«m.  _  St.  Jerome.  C.  5.— Paris! 

from  O^T"'"/^  ^'"'''''  Carleton's  Orders  sent 
from  Quebec  August  4th. 

airStll""""^  ?."•  ^-'--■-^''""f  Aug.  4,h,  which  has 
aireadv  been  pr,„,ed  ,„  Hadde„>s  Journal,  ««,page  7.     E4u„.-^ 

By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne 
G.  O. 

thaT^he^'fo^ni"''"'  '°  t''  ^™y  ''"^'"g  represented 
that  the  following  change  in  the   Ration  will  be 

very  essential  towards  the  Healths  of  the  Men 

that  ha^f  a  Pound  be  taken  off  the  Beef  Radon 

and  a  Quarter  of  a   Pound  of  Rice  be  added  in 

It  out  accordingly. 

^-  0.  Chamhlee,  August  ^th,  1776 

PW.- St.  Peter.  C  ^.-London. 

Jacques  Pois  ) 

Louis  de  Rosier       [  of  Yamarca. 
Joseph  de  Rosier    J 
Francois  Poinir  of  Belloeil. 


244         H addends  Orderly  Books, 

The  abovenamed  Prisoners  having  been  ex- 
amined by  a  Commissary  of  Police,  and  found 
guilty  of  Disobedience  of  the  Orders  of  their 
Captains  of  Milice,  and  various  other  Offences 
proving  them  to  be  bad  and  dangerous  Subjects, 
they  are  to  be  forthwith  conducted  to  St.  John's 
by  a  Serjeant's  Guard,  in  order  to  be  sent  from 
thence  by  the  first  Opportunity  to  the  Isle  aux 
Noix  where  they  are  to  be  compelled  to  work 
at  the  Fortifications  during  the  Pleasure  of  the 
Commander  in  Chief. 

Aimable  le  Beau  of  St.  Therese  and  Toussaint 
Lorrette  of  St.  Charles  having  been  convicted 
before  the  Commissary,  the  one  of  having  been 
privy  to  the  arrival  of  a  Party  of  the  Enemy 
without  giving  any  Notice  to  the  King's  Troops, 
but  on  the  contrary  favouring  and  assisting  the 
said  Party,  the  other  of  having  concealed  a  De- 
serter from  the  Army  three  Days  in  his  House, 
changed  Cloaths  with  him,  and  assisted  his 
Escape,  they  are  to  be  conducted  at  the  same 
time  to  St.  John's,  in  order  to  suffer  the  same 
punishment,  but  on  account  of  the  enormity  of 
their  Offences  they  are  to  be  marched  in  Irons. 
The  other  Canadian  Prisoners  are  to  be  released 
upon  Promise  of  good  Behaviour.  These  Orders 
are  to  be  translated  into  French  at  each  Canton- 
ment and  circulated  by  the  Captains  of  Militia. 

Every  Regiment  to  demand  of  the  Command- 
ing Officer  of  Artillery  in   Camp   the   Powder, 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.         245 

dees  when   mZ      I  '°  Pu'"''  "P  '^"^1"«  Cart- 
"ccIuZaT.  '   ^"'   '^^'^  Barrels  are  to  be 

accounted  for.  or  returned  after  the  Campaign. 

The   number   each  will   hold,  well   nut  in    i. 
nearly  2000  Cartridges  P  '  '^ 

100  Rounds  a/ways  comtlete     tC  r      ^^^"^  }^^ 
Officer  nf^o^k  D     .  '"^'/'^^^^-     ^  «€  Commandine 

and  the  Offi.         K^'"^'"'  ^^"  ^^S"  '^^  ^^"^^nd! 
ana  tne  Ufiicer  who  is  sent  with    the  Parf,.       -n 

g.ve  a  Receipt  for  the  Powdlr  &c  &c  &"^'  """ 

By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne. 
^-  O.  ChambUe,  August  <)th,  1776 

P^r./._St.  Christophers.       C.  ^.-Oxford 

ArmvTT'  ''"'  P''^  general   S-    sfaction  to  the 
Army  to  know  that  the  whole  Cano-  nf  n 

from  Colonel  Maclean's  Relimenf  who'f"? 
to  redeem  their  Perfidy  to  the  Rebel!  in  J^ 
cause  they  were  once  bLre  en^gfgt ^  betm! 


246  Hadden's  Orderly  Books. 

ing  a  second  time  Traitors  to  their  King,  and 
their  Lawful  State,  have  been  taken  by  the  Out 
posts  and  are  all  in  safe  Custody,  except  one,  who 
received  too  honorable  a  Death  from  the  Firelock 
of  one  of  his  Guards,  whom  he  attempted  to 
murder  after  he  was  his  Prisoner.  It  appears  by 
Brigadier  General  Frazer's  report,  that  the  Con- 
duct of  the  Detachment  employed  in  this  Pursuit 
has  been  truly  exemplary.  Lieutenant  General 
Burgoyne  takes  this  occasion  to  express  his  fullest 
Approbation  and  Thanks  to  Lieutenant  Nor- 
man/"^ of  the  20th  Regiment  who  commanded 
it,  and  General  Frazer  will  please  to  direct  a 
Dollar  to  be  given  to  each  man  of  the  Party,  in 
consideration  of  the  Activity,  Perseverance,  and 
Spirit  with  which  they  seconded  those  Principles 
in  their  Officer. 


G.  O.  ChambUe^  loth  August ^  ^77^- 

Parole — St.  James.  C.  S. — Westminster. 

fm.    Richard   Norman  began  his  mili-  was     exchanged     Sept.     3,     1781,    and 

tary  service  Feb.  22,  1771,35   an  ensign  returned    to   England.      At  tlie    peace  of 

In  the    20th    Foot,  which    was    then  at  1783,   when    the    additional    companies 

Gibraltar,  where  it  remained  until  1774..  were   reduced,  he    went     upon  half-pay 

He  was  promoted  to  be  a  lieutenant  Feb.  from  July  30,  1783,  as  a  captain,  though 

24,  1775,  and  he  accompanied    his  regi-  the  Army  Lists  do   not   give  the   date  of 

tnent  to  Canada    in  the  spring  of  1776.  his  captain's  commission.      He  remained 

The  next  year    he    served    through  Bur-  upon   half-pay   as    long   as    his    name    is 

goyne's   carr.paign,  and    was    included  in  borne  upon  the  Army  Lists,  it  appearing 

the  Saratoga    Convention,  his  name  be-  for  the  last  time   in  1837.      [B.  H  :   K.. 

ing  signed  to  the  Cambrige  Parole.     He  J.  64.] 


Hodden's  Orderly  Books. 


2+7 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 
Brigade  Orders.         ChambUe,  . ,  th  August,  ,  776 

Pound:   Jw.hl""S's!x'p'°"^.  '"'^'^'"'"   - 
Royal  Howi.erfwSc"h  'Z  ^^^t^ 

Urdersofthe  Brigadier  General.    The  12  PonnH 

^^r  fir/^^^f  Orders. 

3  Pounder,  an  8  Inch   Hol^l        "".'^"■'  "  "«'»' 
tars  at  the  Battery   to   3""^  ""d  two  Mor- 

''  '°    "^g'n   tomorrow,  and  to 


248  Hadden's  Orderly  Books. 

continue  all  the  week,  Morning  and  Evening. 
As  it  is  possible  this  will  be  the  only  Practice 
before  the  Companies  separate,  it  is  to  be  carried 
on  with  great  attention,  and  to  be  practice  for 
Service  and  not  Experiment ;  and  it  is  intended 
to  make  the  Officers  and  Men  perfect  in  the  use 
and  ready  manageing  the  Artillery  in  the  Field. 
In  the  course  of  the  week  an  Experiment  will 
be  made  to  fire  Royal  Shells  from  24  Pounder 
Guns ;  the  Mortars  are  to  be  fixed  at  small 
Ranges,  and  each  Day  a  fixed  quantity  of 
Powder,  by  which  from  the  different  Ranges 
may  be  formed  a  mean  Range  of  each  Day's 
Practice.  The  latter  part  of  the  week  will  be 
firing  of  Grape  Shot. 


G.  O.  Chamblhf  August  i  \ih,  1776. 

Parole — St  Lawrence.  C.  S. — Bristol. 

A  Serjeant  and  20  Men  from  the  first  Brigade 
to  attend  at  fhe  Fort  tomorow  Morning  at  5 
o'clock,  and  take  the  Orders  of  Captain  Laws. 
They  are  to  have  Provisions  for  the  Day  with 
them,  and  will  be,  as  a  Working  Party,  allowed 
Grog.  This  to  continue  till  Orders  to  the  con- 
trary. 

Any  British  Regiment  having  Bricklayers,  are 
to  send  them  to  St.  John's,  directly  to  Major 
Gordon's  chief  Engineer. 


HaddefCs  Orderly  Books.  249 

G'.  0.  ChambUey  August  iithy  1776. 

Parole— ^i.  Ours.  C.  5.— Dublin. 

The  62nd  Regiment  will  hold  themselves  in 
readiness  to  cover  the  Works  at  St.  John's,  and 
when  General  Frazer's  Brigade  is  removed,  will 
take  up  the  most  convenient  part  of  their 
Ground  ;  a  Detachment  of  the  Brunswick 
Troops  will  encamp  on  the  Plain  lower  down 
the  River.  The  Quarter  Master  General  will 
give  them  their  Ground.  These  Corps  will 
furnish  Working  Parties  in  proportion  to  their 
Numbers. 

A  Company  from  each  Regiment  of  the  first 
Brigade  to  parade  on  Wednesday  Morning  at  7 
o'clock  on  the  Shore  opposite  their  Cantonments 
with  their  Camp  Equipage  and  Officers  requisite 
Baggage.  Boats  will  be  ready  to  receive  them, 
and  they  will  exercise  upon  the  Water.  The 
design  of  this  Order  is  to  ascertain  the  number 
of  Boats  necessary  for  the  whole  Army.  The 
Companies  are  therefore  to  be  chosen  from  such 
as  are  complete  in  Officers,  and  whose  numbers 
of  Rank  and  File  square  with  those  of  the  Regi- 
ment at  large. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 
B.  O.  Chamblk,  i  2th  August ,  1776. 

Twelve  light  ammunition  Carts  are  to  be  im- 
3» 


250  HadderCs  Orderly  Books. 

mediately   made ;  Six    for    three   Pounders,   and 
Six  for  Royal  Howitzers. 

G.  O.  Chamblee,  August  13M,  1776. 

p^,,/,„St.  Denis.  C.  5.  -  Carlisle. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

B,  O.  Chamblee,  August  i^^th,  1776. 

The  following  Disposition   will  take  place  for 
the  Artillery  for  the  Campaign. 

1^12  Pounders  Medium.  4 
Captain  Carter's       I     ^       do  Light        4 

brigade.  JHowitzers    j  Scinch.     4 


4 
4 


Captain  Borthwick's     j  ^  pounders  Light. 
Brigade  attached  to  the  <  ^^  do. 

RightWingoftheArmy.  I'' 

Cantain    Mitchelson's     (  .       t  •   u*        . 

bSc  attached  to  the  \  6  Pounders  Light.      4 

LeftWingof  the  Army.  ( 

Captain  Walker.  Brig-  (  6  Pounder.  Light.      4 

S^^'pire^'iS.I  Howitzers  sHnch.    . 


Haddens  Orderly  Books,  251 


The  heavy  Artillery  for  the  service  will  be 
communicated  in  particular  to  Major  Williams. 

Captain  Walker  with  his  Company  complete, 
to  march  tomorrow  Se'night  to  join  Brigadier 
General  Frazer's  Corps.  First  Lieutenant  Dun- 
bar is  to  be  added  to  Captain  Walker's  Company 
for  the  Campaign. 

Captain  Mitchelson's  Brigade  to  be  composed 
of  two  Subalterns,  and  a  Detachment  of  two  non- 
commissioned Officers,  and  eight  men  from 
Williams',  Carter's,  and  Captain  Borthwick's 
Companies :  Lieutenant  Dysart,/"  and  the  young- 
est Lieutenant  of  Captain  Carter's  Company  for 
this  Brigade. 

Captain  Borthwick  will  have  his  own  Com- 
pany with  Lieutenant  Barnes/"  added  to  it  for 
the  Campaign  for  his  Brigade. 


fn.  Richard  Dysart  entered  the  Royal 
Artillery  as  a  lieutenant-fireworker  Nov. 
I,  1762;  and  he  was  promoted  to  be  a  ad 
lieutenant  Jan.  I,  1771,  a  ist  lieutenant 
Dec.  18,  1777,  a  capt. -lieutenant  Dec. 
3,  1779,  ^"<'  *  captain  Feb.  14,  1786. 
He  served  in  the  artillery  during  the 
Burgoyne  invasion,  but,  as  his  name  is 
not  signed  to  the  Cambridge  Parole,  we 
have  no  means  of  ascertaining  whether  he 
served  through  that  campaign.  In  1779 
his  name  appears  on  the  list  of  officers 
serving  in  America  under  the  command 
of  Sir  Henry  Clinton.  March  i,  1794, 
he  was  made  a  major  in  the  armyj  was 
invalided  for  home  duty  Oct.  13,  i",  93  ; 
entered  the  Invalid  Battalion  of  the 
Royal  Artillery  Oct.  a,  1795;  *"''  '^'^'^ 
Feb.  s,  1797.      [G.  U  :   H.  B.] 


fo.  John  Barnes  became  a  gentleman 
cadet  at  the  Royal  Military  .'Vcademy 
at  Woolwich,  August  16,  1760. 
He  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant  fire- 
worker August  5,  1761,  and  assigned  to 
the  First  Battalion  of  the  Royal  Ar- 
tillery. He  became  a  2d  lieutenant 
Jan  I,  1771,  aiid  a  ist  lieutenant 
Sept.  8,  1774,  and  .erved  in  North  Amer- 
ica. He  subsequei  tly  went  to  Canada, 
and  on  the  8th  of  Sept.,  1776,  Sir  Guy 
Carleton  appointed  him  an  assistant 
quarter- master-general  to  the  army  there. 
He  crossed  Lake  Champlain  with  Bur- 
goyne's  expedition  in  1777,  but  took 
little  part  in  it,  as  he  belonged  to  the 
detachment  that  was  left  to  garrison 
Ticonderoga  ;  and  after  leaving  that  fort- 
ress he  served  in   Canada.      He  became 


252  Hadden^s  Orderly  Books, 

Captain  Carter's  Brigade  to  consist  of  his  own 
Company,  and  Major  Williams'. 

Major  Williams  commands  the  whole  wher- 
ever he  happens  to  be,  but  he  will  be  par- 
ticularly attached  to  the  Artillery  of  the  Park. 

Whenever  Detachments  are  made  it  will  be 
by  Brigades,  Divisions,  or  Subdivisions  of  Bri- 
gades, as  the  Service  may  require,  but  the  Officers 
and  Men  are  to  be  attached  as  they  are  now 
Brigaded  till  furthers  Orders. 

Whenever  the  Service  of  heavy  Artillery  re- 
quires Detachments  of  Officers  and  Men,  they 
will  be  taken  by  Divisions  and  Subdivisions  of 
Brigades,  and  it  is  to  be  observed  that  none  of 
these  detached  Duties  will  be  done  by  Roster  ; 
but  the  Officers  and  Men  taken  in  the  manner 
before  mentioned,  as  the  only  method  by  which 
the  Service  can  be  carried  on  with  Propriety  and 
Precision. 

Captains  Commanding  Brigades  will  take  care 
that  their  Subalterns  and  noncommissioned  Offi- 
cers are  perfectly  acquainted  with  every  part 
which  concerns  them. 

a  capt. -lieutenant  July  7,  1779,  and  a  one  of  iti  second  lieut. -coloneli.  Hebe- 
captain  Dec.  I,  1781,  hi^  being  No.  8  came  a  colonel  in  the  army  April  29, 
Company,  3d  Battalion,  now  "D"  1802, and  in  the  artillery  Sept.  12, 1803, 
Battery,  4th  Brigade.  He  wai  promoted  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Invalid 
to  be  major  Aug.  14,  1794,  and  lieut.-  Battalion.  He  was  commissioned  • 
colonel  March  6,  1795  ;  and  on  the  major-general  Oct.  25,  1809,  and  he 
formation  of  the  6th  Battalion  of  the  died  at  Bath,  April  30,  18 10.  [B.  H: 
Royal  Regiment  of  Artillrry,be  was  made  O.  U  :  C.  Z.  225,  411  :   F.  E.  43  ] 


HaddetCs  Orderly  Books.         253 

Captain  Walker  will  exercise  his  Company 
every  Day  with  the  3  Pounders  which  have 
Shafts,  in  the  Mounting,  Dismounting,  and  carry- 
ing of  them,  and  in  every  other  particular  for 
which  they  are  intended. 

Proportion  of  Ammunition, 

Round.  C»»e.  SMb. 

12  Pounders  Medium.  120.         80. 

6        do       Light.  120.         80. 

3        do         do.  220.         80. 

Howitzers  {  ^ ^^f^'  40.  60. 

(53  do.  50.  100. 

A  Proportion  equal  to  this  to  form  a  Reserve 
which  will  be  carried  in  the  Radeaux  with  the 
heavy  Artillery. 

A  Proportion  also  equal  to  this  to  be  lodged 
at  St.  John's  as  a  Depot. 

Major  Williams  will  take  care  that  the  Pro- 
portion of  Laboratory,  and  other  Stores,  and 
every  Particular  necessary  to  compose  the  Pro- 
portion of  Ammunition  &c  &c  &c  for  the 
Brigades,  for  the  Reserve,  and  for  the  Dep6t,  is 
prepared  as  soon  as  possible. 

Two  Conductors  of  Stores  to  be  attached  to 
Captain  Carter's  Brigade,  and  two  to  Captain 
Walker's  Brigade,  one  Conductor  to  Captain 
Borth wick's,  and  one  to  Captain  Mitchelson's 
Brigade. 


254  Hadden's  Orderly  Booh. 

One   ammunition    Cart   to  be  for  each  light 
Gun  and  Royal  Howitzer. 

The  Medium  12  Pounders  and  8  Inch  How- 
itzers, one  Ammunition  Waggon  each. 

A  number  of  entrenching  Tools  equal  to  two 
Waggon  Loads  to  be  sent  with  Captam  Walker  s 
Brigade;  the  remainder  with  the  Park  of  Ar- 
tillery. 

Particular  Orders  will  be  given  relating  to 
the  Powder,  Musquet  Shot,  Musket  Cartridges, 
Paper,  &c  &c  &c. 

The  Commissary  will  take  care  that  all 
materials  in  his  Department  are  taken  upon  the 
Lakes. 

G.  O.  Chamblie,  August  \^th,  ^77^' 

Parole-Si.  Denis.  C  5.-  Liverpool. 

Any  British  Regiments  having  Brickmakers, 

are    ordered  to  send  them   forthwith   to   Major 

Blometld  at   Major   General   Phillips  Quarters 

at  Chambl6e. 

G.  O.  Chamblee,  15th  August,  1776. 

Paro^e-St.  Croix.  C.  ^.-Denmark. 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,         255 

G.  O.  Chamblie^  August  1 6M,  1 776. 

Parole—  St.  Martin.  C.  5. — Holland. 

The  Commanding  Officers  will  go  round  the 
Cantonments  of  their  respective  Regiments,  to 
see  what  arrangement  can  be  made  to  accommo- 
date the  Inhabitants  with  room  for  their  Crops 
of  Corn,  after  their  Harvest,  and  when  Corn 
cannot  be  lodged  in  Barns,  without  moving  the 
Troops,  those  Troops  must  encamp. 

The  Commanding  Officers  of  Regiments  will 
make  a  Report  to  their  Brigadier  Generals. 


G.  O.  Chamblie,  ijth  August ^  ^77^' 

Parole — St.  Barnabas.  C,  S. — Flanders. 

The  preservation  of  Health  in  all  Armies  and 
in  all  Countries,  depends  so  obviously  upon 
Cleanliness  and  dry  Lodging,  that  hitherto  it  has 
been  thought  superfluous  to  give  any  particular 
Orders  upon  that  subject,  but  the  Reports  of  the 
medicinal  Gentlemen  now  make  it  necesssary  to 
call  upon  the  Commanding  Officers  of  Corps  to 
establish  and  enforce  a  diligent  Inspection  into 
those  two  essential  Circumstances. 

Where  the  Men  lie  in  Barns,  care  is  to  be 
taken  that  proper  Drains  are  opened  to  carry  off 
any  Wet,  that  may  penetrate,  and  if  Damp  still 


256  Hadden's  Orderly  Books. 

remains.  Hurdles  are  to  be  provided  for  the  men 
to  lie  upon.  When  the  men  lodge  in  Tents, 
Hurdles  are  on  no  occasion  to  be  omitted. 

New  and  convenient  Necessaries  are  to  be 
made  in  the  Rear  of  every  Cantonment  and 
Encampment  every  Week,  and  the  old  ones 
filled  up  ;  at  least  six  Inches  depth  of  Earth 
should  also  be  thrown  into  the  Necessaries  in 
use  every  Morning. 

If  after  these  Regulations  any  Man  is  found 
to  contribute  to  the  Filth  of  the  Neighbourhood, 
and  unwholesomeness  of  the  Air,  by  neglecting 
to  make  use  of  those  Necessaries  he  is  to  be 
punished  severely.  These  Orders  to  be  read  to 
every  Company  repeatedly  by  a  Noncommis- 
sioned Officer,  and  the  necessity  of  them,  with 
regard  to  Health,  impressed  upon  them. 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 

G.  O.  Chambl6e,  i8th  August,  1776. 

Parole. — St.  David.  C  5. — Germany. 

It  being  observed  that  the  usual  and  common 
Centinels  of  the  Camp  and  Cantonments  demand 
at  night  the  Countersign  of  those,  who  pass 
their  Posts,  which  if  practised,  the  ordinary 
Communications   between    Regiments,  and    the 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,  257 

Intercourse  of  the  Cantonments  would  be  inter- 
rupted, it  is  directed  that  the  Centinels  upon 
Common  Posts  of  Camp  or  Cantonments,  upon 
Challenging,  who  goes  there,  suffer  any  who 
answer,  A  Friend^  to  pass. 

This  does  not  affect  Parties  in  Arms,  who 
may  become  subject  to  an  Examination  and 
Alarm.  The  Countersign  is  demanded  upon 
out  Posts,  advanced  Piquets,  Detached  Guards^  or 
Patrotes,  which  are  posted  round,  or  iii  Front, 
Flanks,  or  Rear  of  the  Army,  to  preserve  Com- 
munications and  prevent  Surprize. 

The  Centinels  of  such  Posts  are  never  to  suffer 
any  Person  to  pass  without  giving  the  Counter- 
sign, and  are  to  be  in  every  respect  alert.  At 
these  Posts,  Centinels  should  be  frequently 
doubled,  sometimes  three  Men,  Centinels  together, 
as  a  Security  where  the  Enemy  is  suspected  to 
be  near,  and  in  these  situations  there  ought  to 
be  no  Interruption,  and  therefore  the  demanding 
the  Countersign,  becomes  necessary  for  Intelli- 
gence and  Security. 

The  2 1st  Regiment  will  send  60  men  to  the 
Portage  with  Officers  tomorrow  morning  at  5 
o'clock  to  assist  in  drawing  Long  Boats  through 
the  Rapids.  Lieutenant  Harrington  will  be 
there  to  inform  what  is  to  be  done. 

The  first  Brigade  to  send  a  Non-commissioned 
Officer  and  20  men  with  Lieutenant  Harrington 

33 


258  Hodden's  Orderly  Books, 

tomorrow  morning  at  5  o'clock,  towards  St. 
Therese,  to  clear  the  side  of  the  River  from 
Bushes.  They  are  to  carry  Hand- Bills,  and 
Hand  Hatchets  with  them. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 
G.  O.  Chambl6e,  August  19th,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Andrew.  C.  S. — Poland. 

By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne. 

G.  O.  Chamblie^  20th  August,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Aubins.  C,  S. — Gibraltar. 

The   9th    Regiment    to    hold    themselves    in 
readiness     to     march    on    Thursday     next     to 
take  up  the  Ground  at  St.  Therese,  lately   occu- 
pied   by     the    62nd    Regiment.     A    return    of 
the  Carts  necessary  for  the  removal  to  be  sent  to 
the  Quarter  Master    General   this  Evening,   that 
they  may  be  furnished    separately,  and  without 
interfering    with  the  other  Services.     All  Regi- 
ments who  have  the  use  of  Batteaux  for  exercise 
are    to  endeavour  to  provide,  in  their  Quarters, 
two   Planks  for  each   Batteau  to  be  fitted  with 
Cross  Pieces  to  prevent  slipping,  and  to  serve  as 
Gang-Boards,  and  the  Men  are  to  be  practised 
every  Day,   to  embark  and  disembark  methodi- 


Hodden's  Orderly  Books,         259 

cally  and  expeditiously  with  their  Knapsacks  and 
Haversacks.  When  the  embarkation  is  made 
the  Gang-Boards  are  to  be  placed  along  each  side, 
and  as  large  a  proportion  of  Men,  as  can  sit 
without  interrupting  the  Rowers,  are  to  be  seated 
upon  them  fore  and  aft,  and  are  to  be  practised 
to  give  their  fire  broadside. 

One  cross  Bench  at  each  end  of  the  Boat,  be- 
fore or  behind  the  Rowers,  as  may  be  most  con- 
venient, to  be  filled  with  Men,  who  are  to  give 
their  fire  fore  and  aft. 

By  General    Carleton. 

G.  O.  Chamblee,  21st  August,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Charles.  C.  5.— Turkey. 

The  2ist  Regiment  is  to  be  attached  to  the 
first  Brigade  commanded  by  Brigadier  General 
Nesbitt.  The  62nd  Regiment  to  the  2nd  Bri- 
gade commanded  by  Brigadier  General  Powel, 
and  the  29th  Regiment,  though  not  at  present 
fixed  to  any  Brigade,  is  to  hold  itself  in  readiness 
for  Employment  upon  the  shortest  notice. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders. 

The  Subaltern's  Guard  to  be  discontinued  this 
Day,  and  for  the  future  the  Quarter  Guard  is  to 


26o         Hadden's  Orderly  Books. 

consist  of  2  noncommissioned  Officers  and  12 
Men  ;  four  Centinels  are  to  be  posted  viz't.  One 
on  the  Laboratory,  One  on  the  Commanding 
Officer,  One  on  the  Camp  Colors,  and  one  on 
the  Front  of  the  Park  Line  and  Guard. 

Any  Wheelers,  Carpenters,  Turners,  or  Tin- 
men, as  are  to  be  found  in  the  Detachment  of 
the  Royal  Artillery,  are  to  be  immediately 
ordered  to  work  with  the  Ordnance  Artificers, 
and  are  to  apply  to  Sayers  for  Directions. 

Captain  Walker's  Company  is  not  to  march 
to  St.  John's  till  Friday  morning  next. 


G.  O.  ChambUe^  22nd  of  August ,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Thomas.  C.  S. — America. 

A  general  Court  Martial  is  to  sit  on  Monday 
next,  the  26th  Listant,  to  try  the  Deserters  from 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Maclean's  Corps,  and  any 
other  Prisoners  that  may  be  brought  before  it. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton  of  the  21st 
Regiment,    Majors   Sutherland  ./>  and    Bolton  fQ 


ff.     See  Appendix  12. 

fq.  Mason  Bolton,  a  native  of  Dublin, 
Ireland,  was  commitisioned  as  ensign  in 
the  9th  Foot,  Jan.  5,  1750-51,  and  was 
promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  Oct.  2,  1755. 
He  became  the  quarter-master  of  his 
regiment  Feb,  11, 1756;  capt. -lieutenant 
July  31,   176a;    a  captain    March   13, 


1764;  and  major  May  31,  1773.  ^*"' 
more  tiian  15  years  he  served  in  the  9th 
Foot,  curing  which  term  he  thrice  ac- 
companied it  to  America,  the  last  time, 
after  the  breaking  out  of  the  American 
Revolution ;  that  regiment  being  det> 
patched  to  Canada  in  the  spring  of  1776. 
Nov.  nth  of  that  year,  Major  Bolton 
was  made  the  lieut. -colonel  of  the  8th, 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,         261 

and  two  Captains  from  each  of  the  six  Regiments 
at  St.  Therese,  Belloeil  and  Chambl6e,  are  to 
compose  the  members. 


Lieutenant   Duport/^  of  the  47th   Regiment 
is  appointed  Assistant  Quarter  Master  General. 


or  King's  Regiment  of  Foot',  then  gar- 
risoning the  Canadian  outposts  on  the 
Lakes,  and  he  made  his  headquarters  at 
Niagi'ra.  He  wiott  lo  Gen.  Haldimand 
from  Niagara,  under  date  of  Sept.  30, 
1780,  as  follows:  '*  I  am  now  not  well, 
and  am  convinced  when  the  cold 
weather  sets  in  1  shall  again  be  confined 
with  the  same  complaints,  which  will 
put  it  out  of  my  power  to  attend  to  any 
business.  I  therefore  request  your  Ex- 
cellency's permission  to  return  to  Canada 
as  soon  as  possible,  for  here  I  cannot  get 
that  advice  and  many  other  things  nec- 
euary  for  me  in  my  best  state  of  health."' 
In  compliance  with  this  request,  leave  of 
absence  was  granted  him,  and  early  in 
November  of  that  year,  he,  with  a  num- 
ber of  other  officers  and  soldiers,  took 
passage  on  the  schooner  Ontario  from 
Niagara  for  Carleton  Island,  on  his  way 
to  Quebec  to  embark  for  England.  A  gale 
of  wind  rising  soon  after  the  vessel  sailed, 
caused  her  to  founder,  and  all  on  board 
perished. 3  Serjeant  Lamb,  in  his  Me- 
moir of  his  own  Life,  p.  67,  thus  refers  to 
this  oHicer  :  "  The  author  cherishes  an 
interest  for  the  honoured  memory  of 
this  gentleman,  of  whom  the  reader  may 
be  inclined  to  receive  some  particular 
account.  Major  Bolton  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Dublin,  commenced  his  military 
Ufie  very  young,  and  served  with  ability 
in  the  years  i7S9i  1760,  1761,  and 
176a.  He  held  the  rank  of  captain 
in  the  9th  regiment  of  foot,  for  seven- 
teen years  before  he  obtained  a  majority. 
Having  fought   under    him   in   Canada, 


during  the  entire  campaign  of  1776,  I 
had  opportunities  of  witnessing  his  gal- 
lantry and  worth.  About  the  end  of  that 
year  he  was  promoted  to  the  lieut. -col- 
onelcy of  the  8th  foot,  at  that  time  on 
service  in  Detroit  and  Niagara;  and 
having  taken  the  command  accordingly, 
he  was  as  usual,  distinguished  for  spirit, 
talent,  and  the  attachment  of  the  men. 
Soon  after  his  being  appointed  Colonel, 
lamented  by  the  army  and  all  who  knew 
him,  he  was  unfortunately  drowned  in 
the  lakes  while  coming  down  to  Mont- 
real. Too  much  could  not  be  said  in 
praise  of  Cul.  Bolton,  estimating  him  in 
his  profession  or  in  society.  With  all 
the  intrepidity  and  ardour  of  the  military 
character,  he  possessed  the  most  honour- 
able mind  and  benevolent  heart."/  ['B. 
H.     »F.  K.  475,494.     3H.  O.  14.] 

fr.  Robert  Duport  was  commissioned 
Sept.  15,  i7S9i  a*  an  ensign  in  the  47th 
Foot,  then  serving  in  America.  Sept.  I, 
1 77 1,  he  was  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  { 
Aug.  2Z,  1776,  while  in  Canada, 
he  was  appointed  an  assistant  quarter- 
master-general ;  and  he  became  the 
captain-lieutenant  of  the  47th,  Aug.  3, 
1 78 1.  Dec.  26,  1787,  he  exchanged 
into  the  28th  Foot;  and  May  31st 
following,  he  exchanged  again,  this  time 
into  the  20th  Foot.  He  seems  to  have 
got  no  higher  than  the  rank  of  captain, 
and  his  name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists 
for  the  last  time  in  1792.  [B.  H  :  E. 
Z.] 


262  HadderCi  Orderly  Books. 

G,  O.  ChambUe,  2yd  August,  1776. 

Parole.— ^i^  Philips.  C.  5.— Scotland. 

Lieutenant  Alexander  Frazer  of  the  9th  Regi- 
ment is  appointed  to  act  as  Judge  Advocate  at 
the    General    Court    Martial    to    be    held    on 
Monday  the  26th  Instant,  as  yesterday  given  out 
in  Orders. 

G.  0.  Chamblie,  24/A  of  August,  1776. 

Pflro/^— St.  Quentin.  C  5.— Ireland. 

All  the  British  R  egiments  are  to  send  imme- 
diately to  the  Deputy  Adjutant  General,  the 
names  of  their  Chaplains,  specifying  whether 
present  or  absent,  and  if  absent,  whether  they 
have  Deputies,  and  their  Names,  and  what 
allowance  is  made  to  them. 

G.  O.  Chamblee,  25th  August,  1776. 

Parole  —St.  Paul.  C.  5.—  Sweden. 

G.  O.  Chamblee,  26th  August,  1776. 

Parole —  St.  Catherine.        C.  5.-- -Florence. 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,         263 

G.  O.  Chamblie^  2jth August,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Magdalen.  C.  S. —  Rome. 

The  Surgeons  of  the  different  Regiments  are 
to  send  to  Doctor  Kennedy  at  Chambl^e,  In- 
spector of  the  Regimental  Hospitals,  a  List  of 
tneir  Sick,  specifying  their  Names,  Regiments, 
and  Diseases. 

G.  O.  Chambl6e,  28th  August,  1776. 

Paro/e  —  St.  Mary.  C.  S.—  Spain. 

G.  O,  Chambl6e,  August  29th,  1776. 

Paro/e — St.  Agnes.  C.  5, —  Portugal. 

In  the  next  weekly  State  of  the  Brigades,  Com- 
panies which  may  happen  to  be  detached  are 
notwithstanding  to  be  returned  in  their  Battalions. 
The  weekly  State  of  the  Brigades  must  in  future 
be  sent  separate  to  the  Commander  in  Chief, 
Lieutenant  General,  and  Major  General. 

The  Order  of  the  8th  Instant  for  completing 
100  rounds  a  Man  of  Musket  Cartridges  should 
by  this  time  be  perfected.  It  is  therefore  di- 
rected that  small  Barrels,  or  well  secured  Boxes 
covered  with  painted  Canvass,  be  provided  by 
each  Regiment,  to  pack  these  Cartridges  very 
carefully,  and  secure  them  against  Damp. 


264  HadderCs  Orderly  Books. 


As  the  keeping  the  Regimental  Ammunition 
in  good  Order  is  of  the  most  essential  con- 
sequence, it  is  hoped  and  expected  that  the 
utmost  attention  be  observed  in  this  particular. 

The  Regiments  will  be  reimbursed  such  Ex- 
pences  as  may  be  incurred  on  this  occasion. 

Colonel  Vangall  of  His  Serene  Highness  the 
Prince  of  Hesse's  Regiment  is  appointed  to  act 
as  a  Brigadier  General. 

Major  Carleton,  Captain  in  the  20th  Regi- 
ment is  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel  to  the 
29th,  in  the  room  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Gor- 
don, deceased. 

Captain  Lieutenant  Bolton  Power/*  of  the 
20th  Regiment  is  appointed  Captain  of  a  Com- 


ft.  Thomas  Bolton  Power,  or  Bol- 
ton Power,  as  he  was  sometimes  called, 
was  descended  in  the  fifth  generation 
from  Sir  Henry  Power,  Knt.,  who  was 
Master  of  the  Horse  in  Ireland,  under 
j^ueen  Elizabeth,  and  whose  wife,  a  Miss 
Bullen,  was  related  to  her  Majesty.  Bol- 
ton Power's  father  was  Thomas  Power, 
captain  in  the  Battle  Axe  Guards, 
■nd  his  mother  was  Sarah,  a  daughter 
of  Capt.  John  Bolton  of  Co.  Kilkenny. 
He  was  the  youngest  of  three  sons,  and 
wai  born  at  Killmurray,  Co.  Wicklow, 
Ireland,  Sept.  4,  1735.  He  entered  the 
army  as  an  ensign  in  the  20th  Foot,  Sept. 
16, 1757,  and  accompanied  his  regiment 
to  Germany,  where  he  participated  in 
the  famous  battle  of  Minden,  in  1759. 
He  became  a  lieutenant  Aug.  a6th  of  that 
year ;  and,  though  a  lieutenant,  yet  he  ap- 
pears by   the   Army   List  of   1764,  and 


those  of  the  four  following  years,  to  have 
served  as  an  ensign  for  that  period,  hii 
company  probably  having  been  an  ad- 
ditional one  that  was  reduced  at  the  peace 
of  1763,  and  Lieut.  Bulton  preferring 
active  service  as  an  ensign,  to  going  on 
half-pay  as  a  lieutenant.  After  the  zoth 
Foot  left  Germany,  at  the  peace  of  1763, 
it  was  stationed  for  six  years  at  Gibraltar, 
whence  it  returned  home  in  1770, 
Lieut.  Bolton  was  promoted  to  be  a  capt.- 
lieutenant  March  2,1776;  and  in  the 
spring  of  that  year  he  accompanied  hit 
regiment  to  Canada  and  served  under 
Gen.  Carleton.  Whether  he  served 
with  hit  regiment  the  next  year  under 
Burgoyne  we  have  no  means  of  knowing, 
as  we  find  no  mention  of  him  during  that 
period.  He  was  connected  with  the 
zoth  Foot  until  the  latter  part  of  1785, 
or  the   early  part  of  1786,  when  he  ex- 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.         265 

pany  in  the  same  Regiment  in  the  room  of 
Major  Carleton,  and  Lieutenant  Alexander 
Frazer  is  appointed  Captain  Lieutenant  in  the 
room  of  Captain  Bolton  Power. 


G.  O.  Chamblie^  August  Tpth,  1776. 

Parole  —  St.  Lucia.  C  5. —  Naples. 

The  Commander  in  Chief  approves  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  general  Court  Martial, 
whereby  Ensign  Power/''  of  the  24th  Regiment 
is  acquitted  of  the  Crime  laid  to  his  Charge,  and 
three  Soldiers  of  the  Royal  Emigrants  tried  on 
suspicion  of  intending  to  desert,  are  likewise 
acquitted.  The  General  Court  Martial  is  dis- 
solved. 


G.  O.  Chamblee,  August  31st,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Joseph.       C.  S, — Isle  aux  Noix. 


changed  into  the  95th  Foot  on  half-pay  ; 
and  he  continued  a  half-pay  captain  dur- 
ing the  remainder  of  his  life,  his  retire- 
ment from  active  service  being  ne- 
cessitated by  his  eye  sight  becoming  im- 
paired. He  died  at  Greenwich  Nov.  9, 
1801, leaving  descendants.  His  son,  Sir 
Manly  Power,  became  a  K.  C.  B.,  a 
lieut.-general  of  the  Forces,  and  lieut.- 
governor  of  Malta.  [B.  H  :  B.  T :  E. 
B.  io6z.] 

34 


ft.  James  Power  was  commissioned 
an  ensign  in  the  24th  Foot  March  28, 
1775,  and  this  seems  to  have  been  hii 
only  commission,  as  he  appears  in  the 
Army  Lists  last  in  1782,  and  still  as  an 
ensign.  He  accompanied  his  regiment 
to  Canada  in  the  spring  of  1776,  and 
served  under  Sir  Guy  Carleton  during 
that  campaign.  He  was  with  Burgoyne 
the  next  year  and  was  included  in  that 
officer's  surrender,  his  name  appearing  on 
the  Cambridge  Parole.     [B.  H.] 


266        Hodden's  Orderly  Books. 

G.  O.  ChambUe,  ist  September,  1776. 

Paroie  —  St.  Benedict.  C.  S.—  Sorel. 

Ensign  Joseph  Stavely/"  of  the  9*  Regiment 
is  appointed  a  Lieutenant  in  the  same,  m  the 
room  of  Lieutenant  Alexander  Frazer  promoted ; 
and  George  Clarges  late  Volunteer  m  the  34th 
Rcgiment^o  be  Ensign  in  the  9*  Regiment  m 
the  room  of  Joseph  Stavely. 

G.  O.         Chamblee,  2nd  September,  1776. 
Paro/e—  St.  Hubert.  C.  5.—  Montreal. 

Chamblee,  3rd  September,  1776. 
[The  page  is  left  blatik  after  the  date,  in  the  Orderly  Book. 
Editor.'] 

St.  John's.  After  Orders  by 

Major  General  Phillips,  September  5th, 
half  after  6  at  night. 

C.  5.— Albany. 

An  Armed  Boat  will  be  advanced  towards  the 
Post,  called  Montgomery's  Battery,  on  board  ot 

^/ Joseph     SteveUy^^r^^^hc     ^^^^TSSj,^^ 

regimint  to  C.nad.  m  ^^^J^^uLTJ^      SV  to  th    Ct^bndge  Parole ,  and  It 
and  wai  promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  Sept.     wc«c  j^^ 

',  in  thaf  year,  though   hU  com..„.on     a  pear,    .n^the  Army  ^  ^  ^    ^^^^ 
bore   date   only   from    Uec.    19,    i??"- 
He  accompanied  his  regiment  upon  Bur- 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.         267 

which  will  be  an  Officer,  should  any  Rebel  ap- 
pear, a  Gun  will  be  fired  three  times  from  the 
armed  Boat,  which  will  be  repeated  from  Major 
General  Phillips  Tent  ;  on  firing  the  last  signal 
Guns,  the  Regiments  will  immediately  strike 
their  Tents,  leaving  them  on  the  Ground,  and 
will  form  under  Arms. 

The  62nd  occupying  the  Ground  between  the 
two  Redoubts  facing  towards  the  Wood  outwards 
from  the  River  ;  the  9th  Regiment  will  march 
3  Companies  into  the  lower  Redoubt,  and  will 
post  the  remaining  part  of  the  Regiment  as  a 
Flank  to  the  62nd,  facing  towards  the  Road  of 
Chamblee,  forming  within  the  Angle  of  the 
Redoubt. 

The  2 1st  Regiment  will  march  two  Companies 
into  the  upper  Redoubt,  and  will  post  the  re- 
maining four  as  a  Flank  to  the  62nd  Regiment, 
facing  towards  the  Wood  leading  to  the  Isle  aux 
Noix,  forming  within  the  inner  Angle  of  the 
Redoubt. 

The  Artillery  will  be  posted  close  to  the 
Redoubts,  and  on  the  Front  and  Flanks  of  the 
Troops,  the  out-Posts  will  maintain  their  sit- 
uation, should  they  be  attacked,  as  long  as 
possible,  and  then  retire  so  as  to  march  through 
the  Intervals  of  the  62nd,  and  the  two  Regiments 
on  the  Flanks,  by  which  means  the  Fronts  of 
the  whole  will  be  kept  clear,  and  the  Picquets  in 


268  HaddetCs  Orderly  Books, 

Retiring  will  not  be  in  Danger  of  being  fired 
upon,  as  the  Regiments  will  take  care  not  to 
fire  till  the  Piquets  are  safe.  The  62nd  takes 
the  duty  of  the  Night,  and  is  to  post  a  Captain, 
two  Subalterns,  and  60  Men  on  the  left  of  the 
Camp,  at  the  Entrance  of  the  Road,  leading  to 
the  Isle  aux  Noix. 

A  Subaltern  and  20  Men  to  be  detached  to 
relieve  the  Subaltern  of  the  21st,  and  a  Serjeant 
and  12  Men  to  be  advanced  still  forward  to 
Montgomery's  Battery.  A  Captain,  two  Sub- 
alterns, and  60  Men  for  the  Right  to  be  posted 
near  the  Rebel  Battery,  on  the  high  Ground, 
who  will  detach  a  Subaltern  and  20  Men  to  the 
Road  leading  to  Chamblee,  from  which  a  Ser- 
jeant and  6  Men  will  be  within  hearing  of  what 
may  happen  at  the  Camp  of  Brunswicks,  which 
has  Orders  to  dispute  their  Post,  but  if  forced  to 
retire  are  to  do  it  by  their  Left  to  St.  Johns.  An 
Officer  and  20  men  to  be  posted  within  the  Line 
of  Shipbuilding  who  will  keep  a  constant  Patrole, 
to  prevent  any  attempt  to  burn  or  destroy  the 
Craft  there,  and  in  case  of  Alarm  this  Guard  to 
continue  there  posted. 

A  Subaltern  and  20  Men  to  be  posted  in  each 
Redoubt,  but  upon  being  relieved  upon  an  Alarm, 
are  to  join  their  Regiment. 

The  remaining  part  of  the  62nd  to  remain 
under  Arms  in  the   Centre  of  the  Ground,  be- 


Hadden^s  Orderly  Books.         269 


tween  the  two  Redoubts  facing  to  the  Wood  j 
the  detached  Posts  are  considered  as  Posts  of 
Intelligence,  but  are  not  however  to  retire  unless 
severely  pressed,  and  are  then  to  do  it  upon  the 
Posts  of  the  Captains,  who  are  to  observe  the 
Orders  already  mentioned. 

Lieutenant    Colonel    Anstruther,   and    Major 
Harnage/y  being  Field  Officers  upon  the  Picquet 


Jv.  Henry  Harnage  came  of  a  very 
ancient  family,  which,  it  it  laid,  held  a 
high  rank  in  the  county  of  Salop,  Eng- 
land, at  fu  bacic  at  the  time  of  Edward 
in,  A.  D.  1330.  Hit  grandfather  wai 
John  Harnage,  a  colonel  of  marines, 
who  wat  killed  at  the  battle  of  Almanza, 
in  Spain,  in  1707,  and  whose  fifth  son 
wat  the  ^ther  of  this  sketch.  Henry 
Harnage  was  the  only  son  of  Henry  and 
Anne  (South)  Harnage,  and  wat  born 
Oct.  10,  1739.'  He  was  commissioned 
an  ensign  in  the  Fourth,  or  the  King's 
Own  Foot,  June  7,  1756,  and  was  pro- 
moted to  be  a  lieutenant  Sept.  29,  1757. 
The  second  battalion  of  the  Fourth  Foot, 
in  which  Lieut.  Harnage  was  serving, 
was  renumbered  in  1758,  then  becoming 
the  62d  Foot,  and  hence,  subsequent 
thereto,  that  became  the  designation  of 
hit  regiment.  He  served  in  the  Caribbee 
Islands  with  his  corps,  in  which  he  be- 
came a  captain  May  4,  1767,  and  major 
Dec.  zi,  1775.  He  became  a  lieut, -col- 
onel in  the  army  Nov.  17,  1780,  and  the 
lieut.-colonel  of  the  104th  Foot,  March 
18,  178a.  He  must  have  left  the  army 
late  in  that,  or  early  in  the  following 
year,  at  hit  name  appeart  in  the  Army 
Lists  for  the  last  time  in  1782.' 

Major  Harnage  accompanied  the  62d 
to  Canada  in  the  spring  of  1776,  where 
he  served  under  Gen.  Carleton  ;  and  the 
next  year   he   took    part   in    Burgoyne't 


expedition.  He  wat  twice  wounded} 
once  on  the  19th  of  September,  at  Free- 
man't  Farm,  and  again,  October  7th,  at 
Bemus'  Heights. 3  Madame  Riedetel  in 
speaking  of  the  affair  of  Sept.  19th,  thus 
writes  in  her  Journal : — "  I  taw  a  great 
number  of  wounded,  and  what  was  still 
more  harrowing,  they  even  brought  three 
of  them  into  the  house  where  I  wai. 
One  of  these  was  Major  Harnage,  the 
husband  of  a  lady  of  our  company ;  an* 
other,  a  lieutenant,  whose  wife,  also,  was  . 
of  our  acquaintance ;  and  the  third  a 
young  English  officer  of  the  name  of 
Yuung.  Major  Harnage,  with  his  wife, 
lived  in  a  room  next  to  mine.  He  had 
received  a  shot  through  the  lower  part  of 
the  bowels,  from  which  he  suflFered  ex- 
ceedingly." Again  in  describing  Gen. 
Fraser's  wound  on  the  7th  of  October,  she 
alludes  to  Major  Harnage  in  this  wise  : — 
"  The  ball  had  gone  through  his  bowelt, 
precisely  as  in  the  case  of  Major  Harnage. 
Unfortunately,  however,  the  general  had 
eaten  a  hearty  breakfast,  by  reason  of 
which  the  intestines  were  distended,  and 
the  ball,  so  the  surgeon  said,  had  not 
gone,  as  in  the  case  of  Major  Harnage, 
between  the  intestines,  but  through 
them."  One  would  hardly  suppose  that 
a  man  shot  through  the  bowels  at  Major 
Harnage  is  said  to  have  been  —  escaping 
death,  as  it  were,  by  a  miracle  —  could 
recover  to  rapidly  at  to  be  on  duty  again 


270         tiadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

of  this  Night,  will  make  frequent  Visitations  of 
their  Posts.  The  Carleton  Armed  Vessel,  and 
the  Armed  Boats  under  the  command  of  Cap- 
tain Dacres,  will  support  on  the  Water  the 
Operations  of  the  Troops.  The  three  Regiments 
will  take  up  their  Ground,  tomorrow,  as  soon  as 
the  Camp  Equipage  of  the  9th  and  21st  arrives. 
The  9th  will  encamp  on  the  Right,  the  21st  on 
the  Left,  and  the  62nd  in  the  Centre,  and  will 


eighteen  days  after.  Be  that  as  it  may, 
however,  he  was  reported  as  again  wounded 
in  the  action  of  Oct.  7th. 

Madame  Riedesel  affords  us  another 
glimpse  of  this  officer,  for  she  thus 
writes  of  Burgoyne's  retreat  on  the  night 
of  Oct.  8th  :— ««  The  order  had  gone 
forth  that  the  army  should  break  up 
after  the  burial  "  (of  Gen  Fra8er),"and 
the  horses  were  already  harnessed  to  uur 
calashes.  I  did  not  wish  to  set  out  be- 
fore the  troops.  The  wounded  Major 
Harnage,  although  he  was  so  ill,  dragged 
himself  out  of  bed,  that  he  might  not 
remain  in  the  hospital,  which  was  left 
behind  protected  by  a  flag  of  truce.  As 
toon  as  he  observed  me'in  the  midst  of 
the  danger,  he  had  my  children  and 
maid  servants  put  into  the  calashes,  and 
intimated  to  me  that  I  must  immediately 
depart.  As  1  still  begged  to  be  allowed 
to  remain,  he  said  to  me,  '  well,  then 
your  children  at  least  must  go,  that  I 
may  save  them  from  the  slightest  dan- 
ger.* He  understood  how  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  my  weak  side.  I  gave  it  up, 
seated  myself  inside  with  them,  and  we 
drove  off  at  eight  o'clock  in  the  even- 
ing."* 

Mrs.  Harnage  accompanied  her  hus- 
band on  bis  American  campaign ;  and 
two  of  hit  letters,  which  have  come 
down  to  us,  afford  gratifying  testimony  of 
the   pleasant   relations   that   existed   be- 


tween some  of  Burgoyne's  officers,  and 
the  American  general  having  the  Con- 
vention troops  in  charge.  These  letters 
addressed  to  Gen.  Heath  are  taken 
from  his  Memoirs,  and  are  as  follows : — 

"Cambridge,  October  30/A,  1 778. 
"Sir  :  With  great  pleasure  I  acknow- 
ledge the  favour  of  your  obliging  letter  ; 
.ind  Mrs.  Harnage  joins  me,  with  Capt. 
Hawker,  in  returning  you  our  sincere 
thanks  for  your  kind  representation  of 
us,  and  solicitation  in  our  favour,  to  the 
Honorable  Congress.  With  your  leave, 
we  shall  with  patience  wait  the  result; 
and,  let  the  Congress  determine  in  what 
manner  they  please,  our  obligations  to 
you,  Sir,  will  be  ever  acknowledged. 

"  Believe  me.  Sir,  with  respect 
"Your  obliged  humble  servant, 
"  Henry  Harnage. 
"  Maj.  Gen.  Heath." 

*' Cambridge,  jfune  10,  1 779. 
"  Sir  :  Being  this  moment  informed 
that  you  are  about  to  quit  Boston,  I  must 
beg  leave,  previous  to  your  departure,  to 
trouble  you  with  these  our  acknowledg- 
ments, for  the  civility  and  attention  you 
have  been  pleased  to  shew  us ;  and  to 
assure  you  that  Mrs.  Harnage,  Capt. 
Hawker  and  myself  shall  ever  retain  s 
due  sense  of  all  favours,  by  which  yoa 
have   kindly   endeavoured    to    alleviate, 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.         271 


take  up  the  Ground,  so  that  each  Regiment  may 
be  as  conveniently  situated  as  possible,  and  equally 
partake  of  the  dry  Ground.  A  regular  Order  of 
Encampment  is  not  required  but  the  Pitching  of 
the  Tents  to  be  done  so  as  to  preserve  the  Men's 
Health. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton  will  fix  the 
Order  of  Encampment  with  the  Commanding 
Officers  of  the  other  Corps  on  this  Plan. 

The  2 1  St  gives  the  working  Parties  tomorrow ; 
the  9th  takes  the  Piquet  at  five  in  the  Evening. 


and  make  easy,  the  restraints  and  dis- 
agreeable circumstances  that  unavoidably 
attended  our  present  situation. 

"  We  hope  you  will  mention  us  to  the 
gentleman  who  is  to  succeed  to  the  com- 
mand in  the  Eastern  Department. 

"Wishing  you  all  personal  happiness,  I 
remain  with  respect,  Sir, 

"  Your  most  obedient  and 

"  Obliged  humble  servant 
"  Henry  Harnage.s 
«The  Hon.  Maj.  Gen.  Heath." 

Major  Harnage  arrived  in  London 
Nov.  30,  1780,  with  dispatches  from 
Sir  Henry  Clinton  to  Lord  George  Ger- 
maine,  in  which  are  the  following  sen- 
tences : — "  Major  Harnage  of  the  62d 
Regiment  will  have  the  Honour  of  de- 
livering my  Dispatches.  This  Officer's 
Services  with  the  Northern  Army  will,  I 
doubt  not,  insure  him  your  Lordship's 
Favour  and  Protection."* 

After  leaving  the  army  Lieut.-Col. 
Harnage  seems  to  have  retained  some  in- 
terest in  military  affairs  as  he  was  ap- 
pointed Inspecting  Field  Officer  of  Yeo- 
manry and  Volunteers  Sept.  14,  1803.T 


When  a  lieutenant,  he  married  Mary 
Honour  Paynter,  Dec.  11,  1758;  and 
by  her  be  had  two  sons  and  seven  daugh- 
ters, but  only  two  of  his  daughters  sur- 
vived him.  Mrs.  Harnage  died  May  27, 
1790,  and  her  husband  survived  her  till 
Nov.  II,  1826.  Lieut.-Col.  Harnage's 
eldest  daughter,  Mary,  married  her  cousin, 
George  Blackman,  who  was  created  a 
baronet  in  i8zi,  and  thereupon  assumed 
the  name  of  Harnage ;  and  one  of  their 
sons.  Sir  George  Harnage,  succeeded 
to  the  baronetcy  Nov.  19,  1836.  One 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Harnage's  grandsons,  a 
captain  in  the  Coldstream  Guards,  fell 
at  the  battle  of  Waterloo.* 

The  William  Henry  Harnage,  a  cap. 
tain  of  dragoons,  whom  the  editor  of 
Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book  conjectures 
may  have  been  a  son  of  Lieut.-Col.  Har- 
nage, was  only  a  cousin's  son  ;  but  on 
his  death  without  descendants  in  18x0, 
Lieut.-Col.  Harnage  inherited  the  old 
family  estate  of  Belswardyne.'  ['B.  R. 
•B  H.  3G.  V.  17s,  176.  «K.  L.  114, 
119,  121.  SF.  P.  P.  184,18s.  'H. 
N.  529.     7B.  M.  27.] 


272         HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

The  62nd  may  return  to  tht'r  Camp,  except 
a  Subaltern's  Party  on  each  Flank,  at  7  o'clock 
in  the  Morning. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton  will  send  Orders 
that  the  two  Companies  of  the  21st,  on  the  other 
side  the  River,  take  the  Posts  and  Patroles  on 
that  side,  one  of  which  Posts  is  to  be  a  Serjeant 
and  1 8  Men,  to  be  sent  on  board  the  Carleton 
armed  Vessel ;  these  Posts  to  return  to  their 
Camp  at  7  o'clock  in  the  Morning. 

Major  General  Phillips  will  be  found  in  his 
Tent,  but  in  case  of  Alarm  in  the  upper  Re- 
doubt. 


Genera/  Orders.  September  6M,  1 776. 

Paro/e — St.  Anthony.  C.  S. —  Belleul. 

It  is  his  Excellency  the  Commander  in  Chief's 
Orders  that  the  21st  Regiment  encamp  on  the 
other  side  the  River,  where  the  two  Companies 
at  present  are.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton 
will  therefore  make  a  Disposition,  for  the  Pur- 
pose of  taking  up  for  his  Camp  the  strongest  and 
healthiest  Ground. 

The  several  Duties  and  Posts  on  that  side  the 
River,  are  to  be  taken  by  this  Regiment. 

A  Captain  and  fifty  men  are  to  go  at  Gun 
firing  every  Evening  in  Batteaux  along  that  side 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books.         273 

the  River,  and  frequently  to  land  at  different 
Parts  to  discover  if  the  Rebels  have  any  small 
Parties  lurking  in  the  Woods  near  the  River  ; 
which,  should  there  be,  they  are  directly  to  be 
attacked,  and  if  possible  Prisoners  to  be  taken. 

An  Officer  and  24  Men  to  be  sent  every  Even- 
ing on  board  the  Carleton,  who  is  to  give  a  Cor- 
poral and  6  Men  for  a  Party  in  a  Cutter  to  Patrole 
on  the  River,  these  Piquets  to  be  withdrawn  at 
seven  o'clock  every  Morning. 

The  Guards  of  the  Camp,  and  Piquets  of 
Security  for  it.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton  will 
regulate. 

The  Duty  at  St.  John's  to  be  (during  the  night) 
a  Captain,  three  Subalterns,  and  80  Men  from 
which  is  to  be  detached  a  Subaltern  and  18 
Men  to  the  Post  in  the  Wood  on  the  Left,  and 
a  Noncommissioned  Officer  and  6  Men  at  Mont- 
gomery Battery. 

A  Subaltern  and  18  Men  at  the  Works  upon 
the  Hill  on  the  Right,  a  Noncommissioned  Offi- 
cer, and  6  Men  advanced  to  the  road  of  Chamblee. 

The  Captain,  Subaltern,  and  remaining  Men 
to  be  posted  in  the  Centre.  Frequent  Patroles 
are  to  be  made  from  these  Posts ;  these  Piquets 
will  return  to  their  Camp  at  7  o'clock  in  the 
Morning,  leaving  a  Serjeant  and  9  Men  at  each 
Flank  Post.     The  daily  Guards  as  usual,  and  the 

35 


274         Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

Subaltern's  Guard  in  the  Redoubt  will  make  the 
Patrole  of  the  Shipbuilding  Line  between  the 
Redoubts  during  the  night.  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Hill  Field  Officer  for  the  Night.  In  case  of 
Alarm  the  9th  Regiment  will  march  three  Com- 
panies into  each  redoubt,  a  Company  also  to 
cover  the  Artillery  of  each  Flank.  The  62nd 
will  form  as  before  ordered. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton  to  keep  Twenty 
six  Boats  with  his  Regiment  to  be  ready  to  move 
to  the  support  of  St.  John's  if  ordered. 

Mr.  Corbin  has  the  charge  of  the  Batteaux 
under  the  Orders  of  Lieutenant  Twiss,  Major 
General  Phillips'  Aid  de  Camp ;  application  for 
Boats  to  be  made  to  Lieutenant  Twiss.  The  Men 
off  Duty  of  the  Regiment  which  forms  the  Piquets 
and  Guards,  to  give  what  men  can  be  spared  to 
Major  Gordon  for  the  Works.  The  9th  Regi- 
ment will  do  this  tomorrow  Morning  at  half 
after  Five.  The  Regiment  off  Duty  to  make 
Fascines  from  7  o'clock  in  the  morning  untill 
Twelve,  but  not  in  the  Afternoon,  as  it  must  pre- 
pare for  the  Guards  and  Piquets. 

The  62nd  Regiment  for  this  Duty  tomorrow ; 
as  soon  as  the  Artillery  are  posted,  according  to 
Orders,  Major  of  Brigade  Bloomefield  will  attend 
on  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hill  to  shew  him  the 
Disposition. 


H addends  Orderly  Books,  275 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Orders.        St.  John's,  September  6th,  1776. 

The  Artillery  having  much  fatigue  Duty  are 
to  be  allowed  Grog,  as  is  the  Men  of  each  Regi- 
ment at  St.  Johns,  who  are  on  the  working 
Parties,  and  cutting  Piquets.  The  Commissary 
Mr.  McLean  to  deliver  Rum  accordingly,  at  the 
requisition  of  the  Commanding  Officer  of  the 
different  Corps,  who  will  make  the  Demand  for 
the  number  of  Men  required. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Sr,  Johns,  September  jth,  1776. 
Paro/e—St.  Chrysostom.    C.  5.— La  Chine. 

General  Orders  by  his  Excellency  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief 

The  Coraces>  furnished  from  the  different 
Parishes  being  regulated  at  Head  Quarters  with 
the  Major  of  Militia  attending  for  that  Purpose, 
and  Orders  issued  accordingly  from  thence. 

It  is  directed  that  no  Officers  whatever  in  the 
Cantonments  of  the  Army  interfere^ with  these 
Regulations,  and  the  Requisitions  made  in  con- 
sequence of  them  from  the  different  Parishes  by 

fw.     It  u  believed  that  •'  coracet "  in  the  text,  it  a  clerical  error  for  correct. 


S^g^^^gg 


276         Haddens  Orderly  Books. 


Major  St.  George  Dupret  \J^  nor  are  any  Officers 
to  demand  Horses,  Carriages,  Men  for  any  service 
from  any  Parish,  otherwise  than  by  application 
first  to,  and  an  Order  obtained  from,  the  Lieu- 
tenant General,  Major  General  Phillips,  or  the 
Quarter  Master  General.  It  is  expected  that  this 
Order  be  strictly  attended  to. 

Signed         E.  FoY,  D.  A.  G. 

Major  General  Phillips  orders  that  all  Officers 
or  Messengers,  who  arrive  from  the  upper  Posts, 


^  fx.  St.  George  Dupree,  not  Dupret, 
ai  Hadden  hat  it,  wm  major  of  the  mili- 
tia for  the  city  and  precinct  of  Montreal, 
where  he  lived.'  When,  on  Nov.  iitb, 
1775,  after  the  British  troopt  had  retired 
from  Montreal,  the  inhabitants  of  that 
city  desired  to  capitulate  to  the  advanc- 
Ing  Americans,  St.  George  Dupree  was 
one  of  twelve  citizens,  duly  elected  for 
that  purpose,  who  signed  the  capitulation 
entered  into  with  Gen.  Montgomery. 
Many  officers  of  the  Canadian  militia 
surrendered  their  commissions  received 
from  Gen.  Carleton,  and  took  out  new 
ones  from  the  American  general,  but  the 
militia  field  officers  did  all  in  their  power 
to  prevent  this;  so  Gen.  Wooster  sent 
several  of  these  officers,  including  Major 
St.  George  Dupree,  "to  the  fort  of 
Chambly,  as  a  place  of  security  and  to 
put  it  out  of  their  power  to  do  us  the 
injury  which  might  justly  be  apprehended 
firom  them."  This  act  of  Gen.  Wooster 
was  disapproved  by  the  commissioner! 
of  Congress,  who,  on  their  arrival  in 
Canada,  allowed  the  militia  officers  to 
return  to  Montreal,  much  to  the  disgust 
of  Gen.  Wooster,  at  evinced  in  bis  letter 
to  a  committee  of  Congren  dated  Phila- 
delphia, July  5,  1776.'  April  14th, 
1777,  Major  St.  George  Daprei  wm  ap- 


pointed a  commissary  *<  for  forwarding 
the  Transports  for  the  army  and  for  regu- 
lating the  Corvees  of  the  Inhabitants."^ 
He  served  in  this  capacity  during  Bur- 
goyne's  campaign,  and  though  the  cor- 
vees caused  the  British  general  much 
trouble  and  uneasiness,  yet  through  the 
efforts  of  Major  St.  George  Oupree  they 
were  somewhat  abated,  we  should  judge 
from  the  following  letter  from  Sir  Guy 
Carleton  to  Gen.  Phillips,  via  : 

"  Hd.  !^t.  Slutbee,  241A  July,  1777. 

"  Sia  :  I  have  received  your  letter 
from  Tyconderoga  dated  the  i8th  In- 
stant. The  presrnce  of  Mr.  St.  George 
Dupre  is  so  necessary  in  Canada  for  col- 
lecting and  forwarding  the  Corvees  and 
for  assisting  the  several  Transports,  all 
which  would,  without  him,  go  into  the 
greatest  confusion,  that  his  going  up  to 
you  would  be  attended  with  much  more 
detriment  than  use  to  your  army.  I 
shall  endeavour  to  send  you  some  person 
to  oversee  the  men  you  have  upon  Cor- 
vee, but  in  the  meantime  that  end 
might  be  answered  by  your  appointiag 
some  officer  of  the  Troops  or  other  per- 
son that  can  speak  French  for  that  pur- 
pose." 3  [»J.  E.  •£.  1597  :  I.  I  a.  it.  B. 
6»i.] 


H addends  Orderly  Books,  277 

are  not  suffered  to  pass  St.  John's  without  first 
seeing  him. 

The  62nd  Regiment  takes  the  Guards  and 
Piquets  for  this  Night ;  the  Adjutant  of  this 
Regiment  will  inform  Major  Gordon,  what 
Number  of  men  can  be  spared  for  the  Works  to- 
morrow Morning.  The  9th  Regiment  furnishes 
the  Party  for  making  Fascines. 

The  2 1  St  Regiment  to  send  out  their  Piquets 
as  usual,  and  the  several  Duties  will  continue 
untill  further  Orders. 

The  Artillery  to  forward  these  Orders  to  the 
9th  Regiment,  the  9th  to  the  62nd,  from  them 
to  the  2ist,  and  the  21st  will  send  them  to  the 
Corps  of  Engineers,  who  will  return  them  to 
Captain  Pomeroy. 

It  is  Major  General  Phillips'  Orders  that  there 
be  an  Adjutant  of  the  Day,  who  will  give  out 
the  Orders  of  the  Day  for  the  future  ;  the  Ar- 
tillery send  their  Adjutant  tomorrow.  Orders  at 
the  lower  Redoubt  at  five  o'clock  in  the  After- 
noon. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Anstruther  Field  Officer 
for  the  Piquet  this  Evening. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 
General  Orders*    St.  JohrCs,  September  8M,  1776. 
Parole — St.  Timothy.  C.  S. — Crown  Point. 

The  Carleton  Armed  Vessel  will  begin  Exer- 


278  Hadden*s  Orderly  Books. 

cise  with  her  Guns  tomorrow  morning  betvyeen 
Six  and  Twelve.  The  Soldiers  are  to  be  strictly 
enjoined  not  to  give  any  Drink  to  the  Indians, 
and  any  Women  who  shall  be  detected  m  haying 
given  or  sold  Rum  to  the  Indians,  shall  be 
directly  turned  out  of  the  Cannp.  The  same 
Alertness  is  to  be  observed,  as  before  ordered. 

The  oth  Regiment  will  send  to  Major  Gordon, 
the  number  of  men  which  can  be  given  for  the 
Works  tomorrow.  The  62nd  to  furnish  Parties 
for  Fascines  till  noon  tomorrow. 

Major  Bolton  Field  Officer  for  the  Night. 

QO.  September  9M,  1776. 

The  Detachment  of  the  29th  to  parade  at 
Evening  Roll  calling  when  Major  General 
Phillips  will  review  them. 

Morning  General  Orders. 
p^y.o/^_St.  Valentine.    C.  5.— Ticonderoga,  . 

The  Countersign  will  be  given  to  Major  Har- 
nage  who  is  Field  Officer  for  this  Night. 

The  Order  is  repeated  not  to  give  Rum  to  the 
Indians  ;  it  is  requested  Officers  will  endeavour 
to  prevent  this,  and  on  seeing  Indians  among  the 
Tents  will  examine  whether  they  get  Liquor. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.  279 

The  Duty  and  Piquets  as  usual. 

The  62nd  gives  a  Working  Party  tomorrow. 

The  9th  makes  Fascines. 

Major  General  Phillips  will  be  absent  from  St 
John's  untill  Gun  firing. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton  will  remain  in 
Camp. 

By  the  Commander  in  Chief.  [Gen  Carleton.] 

G.  O.       Chamblee,  September  loth,  1776. 

The   different  Corps  may  send  such  Baggaee 
as  IS  not  intended  to  cross  the   Lakes,   to  Mont- 
real without  Delay. 

Let  26  Boats  a  Battalion  be  delivered  to  the  oth 
2ist,    31st,   53rd,   62nd:  they   must   be  marked 
and  numbered,  and  kept  in  Order,  to  proceed  at 
an  Hour's  notice. 

Major  General    Redhazel       will  make  a  De- 
mand    necessary    to    embark    the    left     Wine 
Brigadier  General  Frazer  will  also  make  a  De- 
mand for    the    Boats   necessary    for    his    Corps, 
which  shall  be  sent  him. 

The  34th  will  take  their  Boats  at  Sorel,  and 
proceed  up  the  River  in  them  to  Chamblee,  as 
Lieutenant  Colonel  St.  L-^er  shall  direct. 

fy.     Major    General    Riedesel  ia,    of    name  ii  Re-day-xel.  with  accent  on  ik. 
<our.e.the   per,on    alluded    to   in     the     .econd  .yliable         '  "  ""* 

text.     The  proper   pronunciation  of  hit 


feSSSSli^ 


28o  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

G.  O.  St.  John's,  nth  September,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Athanasius.  C.  S. — Esopus. 

All  Children  belonging  to  the  Army  that 
crosses  the  Lakes,  or  are  in  Distress,  shall  be 
taken  care  of  at  Montreal. 

The  different  Corps  will  send  in  a  Return  to 
the  Adjutant  General,  as  soon  as  may  be,  of  the 
Number  the  Parents  propose  sending  there,  that 
suitable  Accommodations  may  be  provided  for 
them. 

G.  O.        St.  John's,  1 2th  September,  1776. 
Parole — St.  Juis.  C.  S. — New  York. 

...      Guards  and  Working  Parties  as  usual. 

G.  O.         St.  John's,  13th  September,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Jacob.  C.  S. — Philadelphia. 

The  Regiments  when  their  Batteaux  are  de- 
livered them,  are  to  embark  Officers  and  Men, 
in  order  to  make  Trial  whether  the  Number  be 
sufficient  or  greater  than  is  necessary,  and  are  to 
report  thereupon  to  Major  General  Phillips. 
An  Evening  and  Morning  Gun  will  be  fired  by 
the  Carleton  at  9  at  Night,  and  at  Daybreak  in 
the  Morning. 


Hadden*5  Orderly  Books,         281 

There  being  reason  to  suspect  that  some  of  the 
Soldiers  sell  their  Allowance  of  Rum  to  the 
Indians,  it  is  ordered  that  all  Rum,  drawn  for 
Soldiers  in  Camp,  be  mixed  with  Water,  under 
the  Inspection  of  an  Officer  before  they  re- 
ceive it. 


G.  O.  St.  John's,  \  ^h  September y  1776. 

Parole — St.  Matthew.  C.  S. — Quebec. 

All  the  Batteaux  are,  according  to  former 
Orders,  to  be  forwarded  to  St.  John's,  at  which 
Place  being  put  into  the  State  necessary  for  the 
Army,  will  be  delivered  to  the  several  Regi- 
ments, by  the  Quarter  Master  General,  who  will 
give  notice  when  the  Quarter  Master  of  Corps 
may  receive  them. 

No  Corps  is  on  any  Account  to  retain  any 
Batteaux  before  the  general  Distribution  is  made, 
this  order  to  be  forwarded  to  St.  John's  from 
Regiment  to  Regiment  as  quick  as  possible. 


G.  O.  St.  John's,  15M  September,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Judith.  C.  S, — Bristol. 

All  the   Horses  of  the  neighbouring  Parishes 
being  wanted  for  the  Service  of  the  Army,  it  is 
hoped    that    Officers    will    complete    all    their 
36 


282  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

private  Business  by  Tuesday  next,  as  after  that 
Day  no  Horses,  Calashes,  or  Carriages  can  be 
allowed  to  any  Person. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton  is  appointed  to 
the  Inspection  of  the  ist  Brigade  during  the 
Illness  of  Brigadier  General  Nesbitt. 


Orders  by  Major  General  Phillips. 

G.  O.  St.  Johns,  itth  September,  1776. 

Parole. — St.   Maria.  C.   S. — Windsor. 

The  Duty  at  St.  John's  to  be  directly  by 
Battalions.  The  29th  Battalion  to  take  the 
Guards  and  Piquets  in  their  Turn.  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Hamilton  will  regulate  the  Duty. 

G.  O.  St.  John'sy  ijth  September,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Ann.  C.  S, — Boston. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton  .  having  the 
Command  of  the  First  Brigade,  during  the  Ill- 
ness of  Brigadier  General  Nesbitt,  need  not  alter 
his  present  Encampment,  but  Brigade  report  will 
be  made  to  him  at  Husill's  house,  and  the  Regi- 
ments of  other  Brigades  at  St.  John's  are  also  to 
report  to  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.         283 

The  29th  Regiment  gives  the  Duty  for  this 
Night,  but  the  Day  after  tomorrow,  will  take  a 
Part  of  Duty  only,  as  will  be  regulated  by  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Hamilton. 

The  9th  and  62nd  for  the  Works  tomorrow. 


G.  O.  St,  John's,  18M  September,  1776. 

Parole— ^t.  Christian.  C.  ^S*.— Lebanon. 

The  29th  Regiment  are  to  embark  on  board 
the  Carleton,  tomorrow  Morning  at  7'oclock,  one 
of  their  weakest  Companies,  and  if  there  is  such 
commanded  by  one  Subaltern,  they  are  to  take 
the  upper  Redoubt  Guard  this  Evening,  the 
General's  Guard,  New  work  and  Batteaux 
Guards  tomorrow  Evening,  and  to  continue  to 
take  those  Guards  alternately,  till  further  Orders. 
The  9th  and  62nd  Regiments  will  take  the  re- 
mainder of  the  Guards  and  Piquets  by  turns,  the 
62nd  for  this  Duty  to  night.  The  9th  and  29th 
for  the  Works  tomorrow. 

The  Captain  of  the  Piquet,  and  Officer  of  the 
lower  Redoubt  Guard,  will  report  to  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Hamilton  at  1 2  o'clock  ;  he  will  always 
be  found  at  the  Mess  house  of  the  9th  Regi- 
ment. 


284.  HadderCs  Orderly  Books. 


A  Garrison  Court  Martial  tomorrow  morning 
at  1 1  o'clock. ' 


Detail. 
9th    . 

2 1  St     . 

29th  . 
62n(i  . 


c. 

S.A 

I. 

I. 

I. 

I. 

I. 

Major  Nairn  ^«  Commanding  in  Montreal  is 
to    order    an    Officer    of  his  Regiment  to    take 


yis.     C.  is  an  abbreviation  fur  Captain, 
and  S.  for  Subaltern. 

r  ga.  John  Nairne  became  a  lieutenant 
in  the  63d,  afterwards  the  78th  Foot,  or 
Second  Highland  Battalion,  (Eraser's 
Highlanders)  July  16,  1757,  was  pro- 
moted to  a  captaincy  April  4,  1 76 1,  and 
served  in  America.  His  regiment  was 
reduced  at  the  peace  of  1763,  and  he 
went  upon  half-pay.  When  his  old 
regimental  commander,  Major  General 
Simon  Fraser,  raised  the  71st  Foot  for 
service  in  America,  Capt.  Nairnfrreceived 
a  commission  dated  Nov.  27^  1775,  as  a 
lieutenant  in  the  First  Battalion.'  He 
probably  never  served  under  this  commis- 
sion as  he  was  then  in  Canada  aiding  to 
form  the  Royal  Highland  Emigrants,  and 
the  71st  was  being  formed  in  Scotland. 
Be  that  as  it  may,  however,  he  tendered 
excellent  service  to  the  crown  in  the 
defienceof  j^uebec  when  besieged  by  Gens. 
Montgomery  and  Benedict  Arnold,  and 
his  loyalty  was  rewarded  by  government 


with  the  grant  of  a  considerable  tract  of 
land.'  His  appointment  as  a  captain  in 
the  First  Battalion  of  the  Royal  High- 
land   Emigrants    dated    from  June     14, 

1775,  and  that  was  the  date  of  his  com- 
mission, when,  three  years  later,  the 
regiment  was  received  into  the  British 
establishment,  and  numbered  as  the  84th. 
He  served  in  Canada  throughout  our 
Revolutionary    war,  and    in   September, 

1776,  was  in  command  at  Montreal. 3 
He  became  a  major  in  the  army  Aug. 
29,  1777',  and  Sir  Frederick  Haldimand, 
the  British  commander  in  chief  in 
Canada,  ordered  him  to  do  duty  as  a 
major  Aug.  15,  1778.*  Sir  Frederick's 
high  opinion  of  Major  Nairne  appears  in 
a  letter  he  wrote  to  Lord  George  Ger- 
maine,  dated  Oct.  14,  1778,  in  which 
he  says  : — ♦'  At  the  departure  of  Lt.  Col. 
McLean  "  (who  had  gone  to  Europe  on 
a  leave  of  absence)  "  the  cor^mand  of 
bis  Battalion  fell  to  a  Capt.  Nairne,  a 
very  old  ofHcer,  and  who  distinguished 
himself  very  much  at  the  siege  of  {Quebec, 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,  285 

charge  of  the  Soldiers  of  the  different  Corps,  as 
they  are  discharged  the  Hospital  in  that  Place, 
until  they  are  ordered  to  join  their  respective 
Corps  or  Detachments. 

This  Officer  is  to  see  they  are  lodged  in  the 
Barracks,  and  that  they  attend  Parades  duly,  and 
behave  orderly  :  he  is  to  have  Power  to  draw 
upon  the  Paymasters  of  the  Regiments  to  which 
the  Soldiers  belong,  for  their  Subsistence,  which 
is  to  be  paid  them,  if  necessary,  from  the  time  of 
their  quitting  the  Hospital,  and  each  Brigade  is 
to  send  a  careful  Noncommissioned  Officer  to 
attend  the  General  Hospital,  to  take  care  of  the 
men  of  their  Brigade  there,  their  Arms  and  Ac- 
coutrements, and  Necessaries,  and  to  receive 
Orders  from  the  Officer  abovementioned. 

By    Major  General    Phillips. 

G.  O.         St.  John's,  19th  September,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Sophia.       C.  S. — Three  Rivers. 

The     Regiments    to     make    fresh     Necessary 
Houses,  and  are  to  fill  up  all  the  old  Ones. 

on  which    'ccount    and    to  prevent  the  1783.       He  sold    out   to    Capt.    Robert 

mortification  to  him  of  being  commanded  Matthews  Sept.    22,   1783,   and    retired 

occasionally  by  Majors  of  Provincials    I  from  the  army.'     He   continued  to  live 

have   given    him  the    nominal    rank   of  in   Canada,   and   on,  or   about  July   z6, 

Major   till   further   orders."'     Aug.    31,  1787,  Lord  Dorchester,  then    governor- 

1780,  Sir  Frederick  Haldimand  assigned  general  of  Canada,  appointed  him  a  lieut.- 

Major   Nairne  lO  the   command   of  the  colonel  in  the  British  militia  for  the  city 

corps  of  royalists   lately  commanded    by  and  banlieu  of  Quebec. '•f'The  date  of  his 

Major  Daniel  Mc  Alpine,  deceased."     He  death  has  not  been  ascertained.     ['B.  H. 

became  the  major  of  the   53d  Foot  Oct.  »J.  Z.  24,  note.    3F.  E.  44.    *F.  E.  107. 

4,  1780,  then  serving  in  Canada,  and  a  SF.  H.  29.     'F.  £,  139.     1].  U.] 
lieutenant-colonel   in  the  army  Feb.  19, 


286         Haclden's  Orderly  Books, 

The  Commanding  Officers  to  send  round  the 
Camp,  to  have  all  the  Earth  filled  into  any 
Holes  about  it,  and  to  render  the  Camp  as  Clean 
and  Healthy  as  possible  for  the  Corps,  which  are 
to  march  in  upon  the  present  Camp  moving. 

A  certain  quantity  of  Junk  will  be  delivered 
to  the  9th,  29th,  and  62nd  Regiments,  which 
they  are  to  pick  and  make  into  Oakum,  and  for 
which  they  will  be  paid  four  Shillings  Halifax 
per  Hundred;  when  done  Lieutenant  Dysart  of 
the  Artillery  is  to  be  acquainted. 


G.  O.        St.  John's,  20th  September,  1776. 

Parole — St.  Cecilia.  •  C.  S. — Virginia. 

.     Brigade  Orders.  , 

Major  General  Phillips  orders  that  those  men, 
who  are  incapable  of  serving  the  Campaign  be 
sent  to  the  General  Hospital  at  Montreal,  and  he 
hopes  the  Number  will  be  very  few  ;  the  Sick  of 
the  Regimental  Hospital  will  be  left  according 
to  Directions  which  will  be  given.  Every  Man 
is  to  immediately  join  his  Company,  and  no  man 
is  to  be  employed  on  any  Pretence  whatever,  but 
those  who  work  as  Artificers  ;  the  Officers  are  to 
observe  that  Orders  having  been  given  relating 
to  Servants,   that  it  be   strictly   adhered  to,   and 


— d 


Haddetis  Orderly  Books,  287 

the  Servants  are  to  do  their  Duty  in  Action,  and 
to  be  considered  as  part  of  the  Effective. 

As  little  Baggage  to  be  taken  on  the  Lakes,  as 
possible  ;  the  Winter  Clothes,  Caps  &c.  &c.  now 
w^orking  up  for  the  Men  to  be  very  carefully 
packed  and  preserved,  that  w^henever  the  Army 
halts,  that  work  may  go  on.  The  remaining 
Hessian  Artillery  at  Chamblee  to  march  to  St. 
John's  on  Sunday  next.  Captain  Borthwick's 
Company  with  the  Artillery  at  Chamblee  to 
march  on  next  Wednesday,  the  Laboratory  will 
remain  till  further  Orders. 

Fire  Master  and  Quarter  Master  to  fit  out  the 
Radeau,  and  armed  Boats,  and  will  receive  their 
Orders  from  the  Major  General ;  when  they  are 
completed  the  Detachment  will  be  ordered  on 
Board.  As  every  man  left  the  Transports  with 
a  Rug  or  Blankets,  the  Commanding  Officers  of 
Companies  are  to  examine  the  men  to  see 
they  have  Blankets  —  those  who  have  lost,  or 
made  away  with  any,  are  to  have  them  bought 
at  Montreal,  and  charged  to  their  Expence ; 
this  Order  to  be  most  strictly  observed.  The 
Sea  Bedding  and  Bolsters,  are  to  remain  in  Store^ 
on  Board  of  the  Ships,  until  ordered  for  Winter 
Quarters.  The  Companies  are  to  take  all  the 
Watch  Coats;  a  return  of  the  Number  to  be 
made  to  the  Major  General. 


\ 


288         Hadden^s  Orderly  Books, 

G.  O.         St.  John's,  2 1  St  September,  1776. 
Parole  —  St.  Agatha.  C.  S, —  Carolina. 

G.  O.  St.  John's,  22nd  September,  ^77^- 

Parole  —  St.  Bridget.  C.  S. —  Georgia. 

The  47th  Regiment  is  to  march,  and  to  take 
up  its  Ground  at  St.  John's,  as  soon  as  convenient ; 
the  Brigades  are  reminded  of  the  non  com- 
missioned Officers,  which  by  the  Order  of  the 
1 8th  Instant,  are  to  be  sent  to  attend  the  general 
Hospital  at  Montreal. 

G.  O.         St.  John's,  23rd  September,  1776. 

Parole  —  St.  Lucretia.  C.  S. —  Florida. 

Brigade  Orders  by  Major  General  Phillips. 

As  soon  as  the  Quarter  Master  reports  that  the 
Radeau  is  ready  to  receive  the  men,  Captains 
Mitchelson  and  Hosmer  will  go  on  board,  and 
regulate  how  the  Men  may  be  best  disposed  of. 
All  the  Men  of  the  Two  Companies  are  to  be 
on  board,  including  the  Additional,  except 
twenty  four  Men  from  each,  and  forty  of  the 
Additional. 

The  Hessian  Artillery  will  furnish  fifty  men. 
There  will  be  also  two  Companies  of  the  29th 
Regiment  on  board,  so  that  the  Radeau  will  be 


Hadden*s  Orderly  Books,  289 

prepared  for  three  Hundred  men  ;  half  of  whom 
must  be  supposed  on  Deck  all  night.  The 
Stern  will  be  for  the  Officers,  and  the  forepart 
for  the  Sailors. 


G.  O,  Chamblie. 

Frazer's  Brigade  will  move  forward,  and  take 
post  at  the  River  La-CoUe,  the  26th  in  the 
morning,  the  1st  Brigade  under  the  command  of 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton,  will  occupy  the 
Isle  aux  Noix,  and  the  Brunswickers  under  the 
Command  of  Major  General  Redhazel  with  the 
62nd  Regiment,  will  occupy  the  Post  at,  and 
near  St.  John's ;  at  the  same  time  let  those 
Corps,  who  want  Boats  apply  to  Major  General 
Phillips.  The  Commissary  General  will  send  a 
proper  Person,  forthwith,  to  the  Isle  aux  Noix, 
to  see  that  Provisions  are  prepared  for  the  Troops 
that  advance. 

A  Court  consisting  of  Five  Captains  of  the 
Artillery,  and  20th  Regiment  to  enquire  into 
the  Circumstances  of  the  Fire,  which  happened 
to  a  Barn  in  Chamblee,  and  of  the  Robbery 
committed  at  the  Fort  last  Night,  is  to  sit  to- 
morrow at  the  House  of  the  Person  whose  Barn 
was  burnt,  and  to  report  their  Proceedings  to  the 
Deputy  Adjutant  General. 

37  :•...-■ 


aiiiiHaMiaiaMMiMMn 


290  Hodden's  Orderly  Books, 


A  List  of  the  Officer's  Names  with  their  Rank 
in  the  Regiment  and  Army  to  be  sent  into  the 
Deputy  Adjutant  General  as  soon  as  possible. 

Captain  Lieutenant  Power  of  the  20th  Regi- 
ment having  been  promoted  by  his  Majesty  to  a 
Company  in  the  same  Regiment  in  the  room  of 
Major  Macdonald.^* 


gb.  John  Macdoneir*  manner  of 
tpelling  hit  name  indicates  that  he 
belonged  to  the  Lochgarry  branch  of  the 
clan  Macdonald,  which  was  the  case.' 
He  was  commissioned  Jan.  13, 1757,  ai  a 
captain  in  Frater'i  Highlander*,  known 
alio,  at  different  timet,  a«  the  Second 
Highland  Battalion,  the  63d,  and  the 
78th  Foot.'  This  regiment  proceeded  to 
America  in  June,  1757,  and  took  part 
in  the  capture  of  Louiibourg  in  1758, 
and  the  battle  on  the  Heights  of  Abraham 
in  1759,  where  Capt.  Macdonell  was 
wounded  through  both  thigh*.  The 
next  year  the  regiment  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Sillcry,  or  St.  Foy,  and,  in 
1762,  in  dn  expedition  to  retake  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland.3  At  the  peace 
of  1763  Fraser's  Highlanders  were  re- 
duced, and  Capt.  Macdonell  went  upon 
half-pay,  but  returned  to  active  service 
again  Dec.  23,  1771,  as  a  captain  in  the 
20th  Foot.  He  became  a  major  in  the 
army  July  23,  1772,  and  the  major  of  the 
First  Battalion  of  the  71st  Foot  (Fraser's 
Highlanders)  Nov.  23,  1775.' 

Fraser's  Highlanders  bore  different 
numbers  during  different  wars.  Simon 
Fraser,  son  of  the  Lord  Lovat  that  was 
executed  in  1745,  ^**  commissioned 
Jan.  5,  1757,  as  lieutenant-colonel  com- 
mandant of  Fraser's  Highlanders,  which 
he  had  been  authorized  to  raise  among 
his  clansmen.  This  organization  wa* 
first  designated  as  the  Second  Highland 
Battalion ;  then  it  was  numbered  in  the 


Army  List  of  1758  as  the  63d  ;  and  in  a 
later  edition  of  the  same  work  for  that 
year,  a*  the  78th  Foot.  Its  uniform 
was  the  full  Highland  garb,  and  the 
regiment  saw  mi>  h  service  in  America. 
At  the  peace  of  1763  a  number  of  the 
officers  and  men  settled  in  America,  th« 
remainder  being  returned  to  Scotland,  as 
the  regiment  was  then  disbanded,  the 
officers  being  put  upon  half-pay.  Up- 
wards of  300  of  these  men  that  had 
remained  in  America,  enlisted  in  the 
Royal  Highland  Emigrants  in  1775. 
Lieut. -Col.  Fraser,  who  had  been  pro- 
moted to  be  a  colonel  in  the  army  Feb. 
19,  1762,  and  major-general  May  25, 
1772,  was,  on  Oct.  25,  1775,  commis- 
sioned colonel  of  the  71st  Foot,  a  new 
regiment  of  two  battalions,  which  he  had 
been  authorized  to  raise  among  the 
Highland  clans  for  service  in  America 
during  our  Revolutionary  war,  and  which 
was  also  known  as  Fraser's  Highlanders. 
Gen.  Fraser  became  a  lieut.-general 
Aug.  29, 1777,  and,  at  the  peace  of  1783, 
his  regiment  was  disbanded.*  Thlr> 
officer,  by  some  writers  has  been  con- 
fused with  his  kinsman  of  the  same 
name,  who  was  one  of  Burgoyne't 
brigadiers.^ 

Major  Macdonell's  regiment  proceeded 
to  America  shortly  after  its  organization 
and  bore  an  active  part  in  many  actions 
during  the  Revolutionary  war.'  Let- 
ters of  service  were  granted  in  December, 
1777,  to  Lord  Macdonald,  to  raise  a  regi- 


HaddetCs  Orderly  Books,         291 


The  Commander  in  Chief  has  been  pleased  to 
appoint  Captain  Lieutenant  Farquhar.V''  to  be 
Captain  of  a  Company  in  the  room  of  Major 
Carleton  promoted,  and  Lieutenant    Baillie^^  of 


ment  in  the  Highlandi  and  ialei,  of 
which  corps  hit  lordihip  wai  offered 
the  command;  but  he  declined  the 
commiision  though  he  exerted  hit  in- 
fluence in  the  format'on  of  the  corpt ; 
and  on  hit  recommendation  IVlajor  Joltn 
Macdonell  of  Luchgarry  was  appointed 
lieut. -colonel  commandant  of  the  regi- 
ment, which  was  numbered  at  the  76th, 
and  known  as  Macdonald's  Highlanders.' 
John  Macdonell's  regimental  cummission 
at  lieut. -colonel  commandant  bore  date 
Dec.  15,  1777,  though  he  had  been 
brevetted  lieut.-colonel  on  the  29th  of 
the  preceding  August.'  Upon  being 
commissioned  in  the  76th,  Lieut.-Col. 
Mac.*onell,  who  was  then  in  America 
with  Fraser's  Highlanders,  emb.irl<ed  for 
England ;  but  he  was  captured  un  hit 
passage  home,  and  so  did  not  serve  at  all 
with  his  corps,  which  went  to  America 
and  ended  its  active  service  with  Corn 
wallis'  surrender,  in  which  it  was  in- 
cluded. It  returned  to  Scotland  and  was 
disbanded  in  1784',  when  Lieut. -Colonel 
Macdonell  went  upon  half-pay  and  never 
again  returned  to  active  service.  He 
became  a  colonel  in  the  army  Nov.  20th, 
1782",  and  died  in  1789.'  ['Q.  7*8. 
'B.  H.  'B.  J.  249-261  :  D.  L.  24. 
*M  A.  223-226.  5B.  J.  262  et  post. 
«B.  J.   297,  298  :  F.  Y.  241  et  post.'] 

gc.  William  Farquhar's  first  com- 
mission in  the  British  army,  that  we  are 
able  to  trace,  is  that  of  a  lieutenant  in 
the  47tb  Foot,  Sept.  25,  1759,  whicn 
regiment  was  then  serving  in  America. 
As  he  was  attached  to  one  of  the 
additional  companies,  reduced  at  the 
peace  of  1763,  he  then  went  upon  half- 
pay.       He   returned    to     active    service 


May  3,  1765,  as  a  lieutenant  of  the  s6th 
Foot,  then  at  Gibraltar.  He  became 
captain  of  a  company  in  the  20th  Foot 
May  13,  1776,  and  served  with  his 
regiment  in  Can.ida  and  on  Burguyne's 
expedition,  receiving  a  wound  at  the 
battle  of  Freeman's  Farm,  Sept.  19, 
1777.  He  became  a  major  in  the  army 
March  19,  1783,  and  his  name  appears 
in  the  Army  Lists  for  the  latt  time  in 
1794.'     ['B.  H  :  G.   V.  175.] 

gti.  Alexander  Baillie  entered  the 
British  Army  as  an  ensign  in  the  62d, 
afterwards  the  60th,  or  Royal  ^vmerican 
Regiment  of  Foot,  December  9th,  1756.' 
He  served  through  the  French  war,  and 
was  present  with  the  ist  Battalion  of  hit 
regiment  at  the  unsuccessful  attack  on 
Ticonderoga,  July  8th,  1758,  where  he 
was  wounded.'  He  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy  July  27th,  1758  ;  but  in 
1763,  soon  after  the  declaration  of  peace, 
the  3d  and  4th  Battalions  of  the  60th 
were  reduced,  and  he  went  upon  half-pay, 
where  he  remained  until  November  29th, 
1771,  when  he  was  commissioned  a  ist 
lieutenant  in  the  21st  Foot,  or  Royal 
North  British  Fuzileers,  then  serving  in 
North  America.  He  became  a  captain 
in  the  9th  Foot  September  23d,  1776  j 
a  major  in  the  army  November  18th, 
1790;  the  major  of  his  regiment  February 
17th,  1794,  and  a  lieut-colonel  in  the 
army  March  ist,  1794.  His  name  ap- 
pears in  the  Army  Lists  fur  the  last  time 
in  1795.' 

There     was      another     contemporary 
Alexander    Baillie,  who  became    an  en- 
sign in  the   ist,  or   Royal    Regiment    of 
Foot,  in  1756,   a  lieutenant  in  the  2(1 
Battalion  of  that  regiment,  then  serving 


292  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

the  2 1  St  Regiment  is  appointed  Captain  Lieu- 
tenant ir  the  9th  Regiment  in  the  room  of  Cap- 
tain Lieutenant  Fraser,  who  remains  in  the  20th 
Regiment. 


G.  O.  St.  John's,  2^th  September,  1776. 

Paro/e  —  St.  Eliza.  C.  S. —  Louisiana. 

The  31st  Regiment  will  march  tomorrow  to 
St.  John's,  and  encamp  on  the  Ground  marked 
for  them  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hamilton. 

The  Detachments  which  are  to  be  left  behind 
from  the  First  and  Second  Brigades,  will  remain 
where  the  Regiments  now  are  but  to  prepare  to 
remove  on  Sunday  next  to  Chamblee,  and  en- 
camp there.  Orders  for  which  will  be  given  by 
Lieutenant  Colonel  St.  Leger.  The  Officers  of 
each  Regiment  commanding  the  Detachments 
are  to   meet   Lieutenant    Colonel    St.    Leger  on 

in  America,    February    2,    1757,  and  a  the  captain  of  an  independent  cmnpany  of 

captain    tlierein    Nov.     30,    1761.      He  Invalids,    at    Guernsey,     Marcli     12th, 

exchanged    with     Capt.     Hugh     Mont-  1789,  and  on  October  20th  of  the  next 

joinery    into    the    half-pay  of  the  78th  year  the  captain  of  an  independent  com- 

Foot,     Fraser's     Highlanders;    and     he  pany  of  Invalids,  at  Jersey.     His  company 

became  Fort  Major  of  Fort  George  (near  was  soon  after  reduced,    notwithstanding 

Inverness)  in  177S,  a  major  in  the  army  which   he  was   continued  on    full    pay  ; 

August  29,    1777,    and  a  lieut. -colonel  and  from    December    25th,  1790,    until 

therein    February    19,     1783.'     He    was  his  death  in    1814,  he  received    full  pay 

gazetted  a    captain  in  Lord    Strathaven's  without  holding  any  command.     He  be- 

corps  April  8,  1783'',  an  infantry  organi-  came  a  colonel    in  the  army    March    i, 

tation   then    recently  raised,  but    which  1794,    and   at  his   death,   twenty    yean 

saw  no  active    service,  as  it  was    reduced  later,  he    was  the   fourth  colonel  on    the 

soon  after  the  peace  of  1783,  when  Capt.  List.'     ['B.  H.       "H.  E.   176.     3H.  Q^ 

Baillie  went  upon  half-pay.      He  became  338.] 


Had  den's  Orderly  Books.  293 

Saturday  next  at  10  o'clock  at  Head  Quarters  at 
Chambke.  The  24th  and  29th  Regiments  are 
not  included  in  this  Order,  as  they  are  to  take 
their  Effectives  on  the  Lake. 

Lieutenant  Beacrofti^e  of  the  24th  Regiment, 
Lieutenant  Vallency^/  of  the  62nd,  and    Lieu- 


ge.  Richard  Beacroft  was  commis- 
sioned as  an  ensign  in  the  Z4th  Foot,  then 
in  Germany,  May  ^^,  1761,  and  was 
promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  Feb.  13,  1766, 
the  24th  meanwhile  having  been  trans- 
ferred to  Gibraltar.  He  accompanied  his 
regiment  to  Canada  in  the  spring  of 
1776,  where  he  served  that  year  under 
Gen.  Carleton,  and  the  next  year  par- 
ticipated in  Burgoyne's  cr.mpaign.  The 
fact  that  he  was  detailed  as  an  assistant 
engineer  Sept.  24,  1776,  and  so  acted 
during  the  remainder  of  that  year,  and 
the  following  one,  is  strong  proof  that  ht 
wa»  an  officer  of  merit.  Upon  Bur- 
goyne's campaign  he  was  left  as  an  as- 
sistant engineer  at  Ticonderoga,  and  in 
the  American  attack  on  that  fort  and 
Mount  Independence  Sept.  18,  1777,  he, 
with  the  artificers  in  arms,  in  the  Half 
Moon  Battery,  prevented  the  Americans 
from  surrounding  the  fort.  His  gal- 
lantry in  thisalTair  was  recognized  by  his 
commanding  officer,  Gen.  Powell,  and 
Oct.  8,  1777,  he  was  promoted  to  a 
captaincy.  When  the  garrison  was  with- 
drawn from  Ticonderog.i,  after  Bur- 
goyne's sui  render,  Capt.  Beacroft  retired 
to  Canada  with  the  remaining  British 
troops,  where  he  served  as  an  assistant 
engineer  until  June  18,  1779,  when,  nt 
his  own  request,  he  was  allowed  to  re- 
turn to  England.  June  20,  178 1,  he 
was  commissioned  as  captain  of  one  of 
the  new  independent  companies,  some 
of  which  were  regimented  in  the  autumn 
of  that  year,  as  the  loist  Foot,  his 
among  the  number ;  and  his  commission 


in  that  regiment  bore  date  Sept.  22, 
17  8 1.  The  loist  was  disbanded  in  1783, 
after  the  conclusion  of  peace,  and  Capt. 
Beacroft  went  upon  half-pay,  where  he 
remained  as  long  as  his  name  appeared 
on  the  Army  Lists  ;  it  appearing  last  in 
1795.     [B.  H  :   F.  H.  114:    E.  Z.] 

gf.  George  Preston  Valiancy  was 
commissioned  Sept.  i,  1771,  as  a 
lieutenant  in  the  62d  Foot,  then  in 
Ireland.'  He  accompanied  his  regiment 
to  Canada  in  the  spring  of  1776,  and  on 
the  24th  of  September  of  that  year  he 
was  appointed  an  assistant  engineer.  The 
next  year  he  accompanied  Burgoyne's 
expedition,  and  May  5th,  1777,  he  wag 
appointed  to  act  as  an  assistant  quarter- 
master-general.' He  served  through 
Burgoyne's  campaign,  and  was  included 
in  that  unfortunate  officer's  surrender. 
Oct.  21,  1777,  he  was  sent  by  Burgoyre 
to  New  York  with  dispatches  for  S:r 
William  Howe,  stopping  on  his  return 
at  Washinjiton's  headquarters,  which 
lie  left  Nov.  12th.  The  American 
commander  in  chief  must  have  treated 
the  young  British  ofricer  with  much 
consideration,  as  Gen.  Heath  in  writing 
to  Gen.  Washington  from  B<  ston,  Nov. 
26,  1777,  says:  "  Gen'l  Burgoyne  ia 
much  pleased  with  your  Treatment  of 
Lieut.  Vallency  which  he  says  was 
Polite  and  noble."3  Valiancy's  name  is 
signed  to  the  Cambridge  Parole,  and  he 
appears  to  have  been  a  witness  against 
the  American  Colonel  Henley  on  the 
trial   of  Burgoyne's   famous  charges  by 


294  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 


tenant  Wintersmidt  5'^'  of  the  Brunswicks,  to- 
gether with  Captain  Lawe,  are  appointed  assist- 
ant Engineers,  under  Major  Gordon. 

Mr.  George  Reade,  Mr.  Daniel  Davids  5^^ 
Gentlemen  Cadets  in  the  Royal  Regiment  of 
Artillery,  sent  out  by  the  King's  Command  to 
serve  in  Canada,  are  appointed  to  act  as  2nd 
Lieutenants  in  the  Corps  of  Artillery,  as  is  Mr. 
Merida,  a  Volunteer  in  that  Corps  to  the  same. 

Captain     O'Connell^'*     of     the     Brunswick 


court  martial  against  that  officer.  He  was 
commissiuned  as  adjutant  of  his  regi- 
ment Oct.  12,1777,  his  successor  having 
been  commissioned  April  6,  1782, 
though  he  was  promoted  to  be  captain- 
lieutenant  and  captain  Aug.  18,  1778.' 
At  the  peace  of  1783  the  additional  com- 
panies of  the  62d  Foot  were  reduced  and 
Capt.  Valiancy  exchanged  with  the 
captain  of  one  of  them  and  went  upon 
half-pay,  where  he  remained  until  May 
31,  1787,  when  he  was  commissioned 
as  a  captain  in  the  46th  Foot,  with 
which  regiment  he  served  till  he 
disappeared  from  the  Army  Lists,  his  name 
appearing  last  in  1 79 1.'  ['B.  H.  *F.  E. 
49,  69.  "H.  I.  66  :  F.  P  :  K.  M. 
193,  227.] 

gg.  Lieut. Gottfried  Jul  Winterschmidt 
belonged  to  the  Brunswick  Grenadier 
Battalion  commanded  by  Lieut. -Col. 
Breymann.  He  deserted  from  his  bat- 
talion in  1779.      [K.  N.  267.] 

gh.  Daniel  Davids  entered  the  Royal 
Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  as  a 
gentleman  cadet,  July  21,  1772.  He 
was  appointed  a  2d  lieutenant  in  the 
Royal  Artillery  Feb.  21,  1777,  and  a 
1st  lieutenant  July  7,1779.     He  served 


through  the  Burgoyne  campaign,  and 
was  included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention. 
He  must  have  been  exchanged  the  next 
year,  as  his  name  appears  on  the  list  of 
Sir  Henry  Clinton's  Artiller}  Officers  in 
1779.  He  died  at  Quebec  Jai.  18, 
1787.      [G.  U  :   H.  B.] 

gi.  Capt.  Laurentius  O'Connel,  of 
the  Brunswick  Guards,  an  Irishman,  and 
a  subject  of  Great  Britain,  arrived  at 
Quebec  Sept.  21,  1776,  with  the  second 
division  of  German  troops  sent  over  that 
year  to  re-inforce  Sir  Guy  Carleton ;  and 
as  he  came  over  to  serve  on  Riedesel'i 
staff  he  reported  for  duty  at  that  general's 
headquarters  four  days  later.  He  ac- 
companied his  chief  on  Burgoyne's  cam- 
paign in  1777,  and  was  sent  as  an  in- 
terpreter with  Baum  on  his  disastrous 
expedition  to  Bennington,  where  he  was 
made  a  prisoner.  In  January,  1778,  he 
was  confined  at  Woburn,  Mass.,  and  in 
the  middle  of  the  following  June  he 
received  permission  from  Congress  to  re- 
turn to  Europe  on  parole.  Riedesel  took 
this  opportunity  to  send  his  dispatches 
to  his  court,  and  also  the  German  flagi 
which  he  had  clandestinely  saved  at  the 
surrender  at  Saratoga.  For  some  un- 
known reason  the   captain  left  the  flags 


/ 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,         295 

Guards  is  appointed  Aide  de  Camp  to   Major 
General  Reidesel,  and  he  fi  to  be  obeyed  as  such. 

St.  John's,  25M. 
Parole— ^t.  Helena  &  Detroit. 

St.  John's,  26M. 
Parole— ^t.  Charlotte.      C.  5— Michilimacinue. 

Chamblie,  27M. 
St.  Ruth  and  Oswego. 

St.  John's,  2^th. 
St.  Eugenia  and  Oswegatchie. 

isle  aux  Noix,  2gth.     • 
P.— St.  Beatrix.        ana  C.  5.— The  Cedars. 

Isle  aux  Noix,  30th  September. 
P.— St.  Margarite.  C.  ^.— La  Galette. 

Isle  aux  Noix,  OQX.o\i^Y  \^t, 
Parole—St.  Charles  and  Windsor. 

Isle  aux  Noix,  October  2nd. 
Paro/e — Ferdinand  and  Magdeburg. 

in  Rhode   Island,  and   they    were  after-     a  pensioned  lieutenant-colonel  in  Irel.nrf 
wards  carried   to   Canada  by  Lieut.-Col.     fC  N  •  K      """^"; '=^'**"*''"' ^«'»no- 
Speth.    Capt.  O-Conncl  died'in  18,9.  -     K.'n.  ^t^^s.{  ^''  '*^'  '"  ' 


296         HadderCs  Orderly  Books. 


Isle  aux  Notx,  October  3rd. 
Parole — Charles  and  Brunswick. 

Is/e  aux  Notx,  October  4/^,  1 776. 
Parole — Charles  and  Brunswick. 

A  Disposition  being  made  for  the  Army  to 
proceed  in  search  of  the  Enemy,  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  takes  the  occasion  to  thank 
Major  General  Phillips,  and  all  his  Department, 
for  the  Zeal  and  Activity  with  which  the  prepara- 
tions have  been  concluded,  and  likewise  Captain 
Douglass:/  for  the  cheerful  and  great  assistance 


gj.  Sir  Charles  Douglas  was  a  Scotch- 
man, and  was  lineally  descended  from 
one  of  the  Earls  of  Morton,  though 
there  seems  to  be  some  confusion  as  to 
which  one.'  The  Gentleman  i  Mag- 
azine vol.  59,  part  I,  p.  276,  says,  that 
Sir  Charles  was  origir^ally  in  the  Dutch 
service,  and  that  it  was  not  without 
lome  difficulty  that  he  was  able  to  ob- 
tain rank  in  the  English  navy.  Fullom*, 
the  biographer  of  Sir  Howard  Douglas, 
Sir  Charles'  youngest  son,  makes  no 
mention  of  Sir  Charles  having  been  in 
the  Dutch  service,  but  states  that  at 
one  time  during  his  naval  career,  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  British  gov- 
ernment, he  was  employed  in  organizing 
the  navy  of  Russia,  which  he  succeeded 
in  placing  on  a  good  footing  before  his 
return  to  England. 

He  became  a  lieutenant  in  the  British 
navy  Dec.  4,  1753,  and  a  commander 
Feb.  Z4,  1759.  He  was  promoted  to 
be  a  post-captain  March  13,  1761,  and 
was  at  once  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  Syren  of  20  guns.  In  this  ship 
he  proceeded  under  Lord  Colville  to 
Newfoundland  to  disperse  M.  de  Ter- 
nay's  French    fleet   and  to   recover  that 


island.  The  Syren  attended  the  trans- 
ports and  covered  the  landing  of  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Amherst  and  his  troops,  a  duty 
Capt.  Douglas  very  diligently  preformed.3 
In  1767  he  assumed  command  of  the 
Emerald  frigate  of  32  guns,  and  in  her 
the  next  year  made  an  expedition  to  the 
North  Cape  of  Lapland  to  observe  the 
transit  of  Venus.*  Towards  the  close  of 
1770  he  was  commissioned  to  the  St. 
Albans,  of  64  guns,  and  in  1775  to  the 
Isis,  of  50  guns,  in  which  latter  vessel 
he  proceeded,  in  the  spring  of  1776, 
with  several  other  men  of  wur  and  a 
convoy,  to  Canada,  to  relieve  Sir  Guy 
Carleton  then  beleagured  at  (Quebec. 
FulIomS  thus  refers  to  Sir  Charles' 
activity  in  equipping  his  ships  for  sea 
and  in  navigating  them  to  their  des- 
tination. "  Capt.  Douglas  worked  day 
and  night  to  hasten  the  equipment  of 
the  ships,  and  the  Admiralty  urged  him 
to  even  greater  exertion.  •  For  God's 
sake,  get  the  Isis  down  to  Blackstakes 
the  next  spring-tide,'  wrote  Lord  Sand- 
wich, the  First  Lord ;  '  Your  being  ready 
to  leave  early  in  February  is  of  the  ut- 
most importance  to  the  public  service. 
I  think  the  htt  of  Quebec  depends  upon 


i 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.  297 


afforded  from  the  Naval  Department.  Captain 
Pringle,  Captain  Dacres,  and  Captain  Shanks 
and  Stark  of  the  Navy,  and  Lieutenant  Twiss  of 
the  Corps  of  Engineers,  deserve  particular  dis- 
tinction in  this  acknowledgment,  it  being  to  the 
indefatigable  Attention  of  these  Gentlemen  that 
the  surprisingly  expeditious  advancement  of  the 
important  Works  carried  on  is  greatly  owing. 


it.'  The  squadron  sailed  at  the  ap- 
pointed time,  and  the  beginning  of  April 
found  it  on  the  cuast  of  Newl'uundland, 
waiting  for  the  breaking  up  of  the  ice  to 
make  for  the  St.  Lawrence.  But  Capt. 
Douglas  was  not  content  to  wait  lung. 
There  seemed  no  prospeit  of  the  nav- 
igation opening,  and  he  knew  that 
C^uebec  must  be  in  the  last  extremity, 
as  it  had  now  been  invested  some  months, 
and  subjected  to  repeated  assaults.  It 
occurred  to  him  that  he  mij^ht  drive  his 
thip  through  the  ice,  and  he  took  advan- 
tage of  a  rising  g^lc  to  put  her  before  the 
wind,  and  run  against  a  block  twelve 
feet  thick  as  .in  experiment.  The  shock 
had  a  greater  effect  than  he  expected, 
crumbling  the  ice  in  pieces.  '  We  now,' 
he  says  in  his  despatch  tt>  Mr.  Stephens, 
•thought  it  an  enterprise  worthy  of  an 
English  ship  of  the  line  in  our  King  and 
Country's  sacred  cause,  .ind  an  eH'ort  due 
to  the  gallant  defence  of  {Quebec,  to  make 
the  attempt  of  pressing  her  by  force  ot 
tail  through  the  thick,  biuad,  and  closely 
connected  fields  of  ice  (as  formidable  as 
theGulf  of  St.  Lawrence  ;  exhibited), 
to  which  we  saw  no  bounds.'  Tlic 
frozen  tract  was  found  to  cxteiul  sixty 
leagues;  but  he  persevered  in  his  design, 
undeterred  by  gales  and  snowstorms  and 
innunierable  perils  and  accidents,  and 
nine  days  of  unwearied  labour  brought 
the  thip  to  open  water.  Here  she  was 
joined   by  the    <  Surprise  '  and   '  Martin,' 


which  had  followed  in  her  track;  and 
the  little  squadron  entered  the  St.  Law- 
rence under  a  heavy  fall  of  snow."  Sir 
Charles'  arrival  in  the  b.rsin  of  Quebec, 
the  6th  of  May,  at  once  raised  the  siege  ;' 
and  he  immediately  became  commodore 
of  the  British  fleet  in  the  St.  Lawrence.' 
Jan.  13,  1777,  soon  after  his  return  to 
England,  he  was  created  a  baronet  in 
recognition  of  his  important  service  in 
relieving  Quebec.^  Fullom  says  '*  His 
activity  excited  the  wonder  of  his  Russian 
friends,  as  they  w  re  aware  that  the  death 
of  a  relative  had  brought  him  an  inde- 
pendence, and  he  had  refused  the  most 
tempting  offers  to  remain  in  Russia. 
Admiral  Greig  wrote  to  him  from  St.. 
Petersburg  in  1777,  '  1  have  just  beea 
dining  with  Count  Panim,  who  inquired 
after  you  with  professions  of  grrat  esteem, 
and  regard.  He  said  th.it  he  was  sur- 
prised to  find  that  you  still  served  at 
home,  .iftcr  having  declmed  service  here^. 
from  the  easy  and  atliuent  fortune  be- 
queathed to  you.  I  told  him  1  did  not 
imagine  any  change  of  foitune  or  circum- 
stances would  make  you  decline  the  ser- 
vice of  your  njtive  country,  whenever 
your  services  were  required.'"'  March: 
18,  1777,  the  Stirling  Castle,  of  64  guns,, 
was  put  into  commission,  and  Sir  Charles, 
was  appointed  to  command  her.'°  This, 
ship  was  the  slowest  sailer  of  the  fleet,, 
being  in  the  nautical  parlance  of  that  day^ 
a  haystack  ;  but  her  commander  managed 


38 


J 


298  H addends  Orderly  Books. 


Provisions  may  be  drawn  for  the  Women  of 
the  different  Regiments,  not  exceeding  16  per 
Battalion  or  2  per  Company,  but  these  Rations 
are  to  be  accounted  and  paid  for  to  the  Pay- 
Master  General  in  like  manner  for  those  of  the 
Soldiers  and  others. 


to  get  her  up  so  as  to  participate  in 
Admiral  fCeppel's  great  victory  over  the 
French  fleet  off  Ushant,  July  27,  1778, 
■he  being  in  the  division  of  Sir  Robert 
Harlind,  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Red." 
In  the  memorable  courts  martial  of  Ad- 
miral Keppel  ani  Vice-Admiral  Sir  Hugh 
Palliser,  growing  out  of  that  naval  en- 
gagement, Sir  Charles  was  a  witness." 
Soon  after  this  action,  upon  Capt.  Brere- 
ton  of  the  Duke,  of  98  guns,  being  dis- 
missed for  misconduct.  Sir  Charles  was 
appointed  to  the  command  of  that  ship, 
and  served  in  the  channel  fleet.  In  the 
Duke  he  applied  his  mechanical  ability 
to  improving  the  serving  of  guns,  by 
using  locks  instead  of  matches,  and  to 
«uch  good  purpose  that  the  impiuvement 
was  universally  adopted  throughout  the 
navy.'3 

Upon  the  death  of  Lord  Rodney's 
favorite  officer,  Capt.  Young,  Sir  Charles 
Douglas  was  recommended  by  the  Lords 
of  the  Admiralty  as  a  fit  successor  ;  and 
accordingly,  in  1781,  he  became  first 
captain  of  the  Formidable,  the  flagship  of 
Lord  Rodney,  the  commander  in  chief 
on  the  West  India  station.  As  captain 
of  the  fleet,  an  officer  whose  functions 
nearly  correspond  with  those  of  adjutant- 
general  of  an  army,  he  distinguished 
himself  in  the  engagement  with  the 
Count  de  Grasse  on  the  9th  and  12th  of 
April,  1782  ;  and  to  his  advice  and  assist- 
ance, it  is  said,  the  commander  in  chief 
attributed  no  small  share  of  the  success 
achieved.  The  claim  of  Sir  Charles' 
credit  of  breaking  the  line  in  thit  action 
it  put  forward  by  his  son.  Major  General 


Sir  Howard  Douglas,  who  gives  the  state- 
ment of  Sir  Charles  Dashwood,  an  aid  de 
camp  to  the  commander  in  chief,  though 
then  only  a  buy  of  13  years.  If  that 
letter  is  worthy  of  credit  Sir  Charles 
Douglas  is  entitled  to  the  honor  of  being 
instrumental  in  breaking  the  French 
line. '4  Sir  Charles  when  pressed  upon 
the  subject,  always  replied — '*  We  had  a 
great  deal  to  do,  Sir;  and  I  believe  you 
will  allow  we  did  a  great  deal."  Lord 
Rodney  thus  spoke  of  him  in  public  dis- 
patches ; — •'  My  own  Captain,  Sir  Charlei 
Douglas  merits  everything  I  can  possibly 
say  :  his  unremitting  diligence  and  ac- 
tivity greatly  eased  me  in  the  unavoidable 
fatigue  of  the  day." 

The  manner  in  which  Sir  Charles  met 
the  attempts  of  some  to  detract  from 
Lord  Rodney's  fame  by  attributing  an 
undue  share  of  the  credit  of  the  victory 
to  Sir  Charles  himself,  is  best  shown  in 
a  letter  to  Major  Gen.  Munday  from  Sir 
Gilbert  Blane,  who  was  Lord  Rodney's 
medical  attendant,  and  accompanied  him 
in  the  action  of  April  12,  1782.  Sir 
Gilbert  says  —  "  Sir  Charles  Douglas 
always,  in  so  far  as  I  ever  heard  him 
speak  on  the  subject,  rejected  alt  com- 
pliments to  himself  at  the  expense  of 
Lord  Rodney.  This  is  perhaps  imprinted 
on  my  memory  the  deeper  from  what 
occurred  after  dinner  one  day  at  my 
house,  when  one  of  the  company  como 
plimented  Sir  Charles  on  the  superior 
share  he  had  in  the  great  victory.  Sir 
Charles  answered  that  he  would  accept 
of  no  compliment  at  the  expense  of  Lord 
Rodney;  and  added  the  words  I  alluded 


Haclden*s  Orderly  Books,  299 


After  G.  O. 

The  Commander  in  Chief  delayed  to  repri- 
mand in  Orders,  the  insolent,  shameful,  and  un- 
grateful Clamour  made  at  the  Evening  Parade  of 
Tuesday  last,  by  the  31st  and  47th  Regiments,  in 


to,  namely,  '  to  tell  the  person  who  told 
him  80  to  keep  his  breath  to  cool  his 
pudding.'  "  '5  The  testimony  of  Richard 
Cumberland  on  this  point,  as  contained 
in  his  Memoirs,  page  170,  is  as  Follows — 
"  My  friend,  Sir  Charles  Douglas,  captain 
of  the  fleet  confessed  to  me  that  he  him- 
lelf  had  been  advcse  to  the  experiment, 
and  in  discussing  it  with  the  admiral  had 
stated  his  objections  ;  to  these  he  got  no 
other  answer  but  that  <  his  counsel  was 
not  called  for ;  he  required  obedience 
only,  he  did  not  want  advice.'  "  The 
tame  writer  adds  in  the  Supplement,  page 
329,  this  further  statement — ''  I  must 
also  beg  leave  to  add  t.iat  my  friend  Sir 
Charles  Douglas,  upon  his  return  to 
England,  expressly  declared  to  me  that 
the  merit  of  cutting  the  French  line, 
rested  entirely  with  his  admiral,  and  that 
his  own  opinion  ever  went  against  it." 
Cumberland  also  relates  this  anecdote, 
page  170 — «*  Sir  Charles  also  told  me 
that  whilst  this  project  was  in  opera- 
tion " — viz.,  that  of  forcing  the  enemy's 
line — '•  (the  battle  then  ragmg),  his  own 
attention  being  occupied  by  the  gallant 
defence  made  by  the  Glorieux  against  the 
ships  that  were  pouring  their  fire  into 
her,  upon  his  crying  out,  '  Behold,  Sir 
George,  the  Greeks  and  Trojins  con- 
tending fur  the  body  of  Patroclus !  '  the 
admiral  then  pacing  the  deck  in  great 
agitation,  finding  the  experiment  of  the 
manoeuvre,  which,  in  the  instance  of 
one  ship,  had  unavoidably  miscarried, 
peevishly  exclaimed, '  D — n  the  Greeks, 
and    d — n   the   Trojans !  I    have   other 


things  to  think  of  When  in  a  few 
minutes  later,  the  supporting  ship  having 
led  through  the  French  line  in  a  gallant 
style,  turning  with  a  smile  of  joy  to  Sir 
Charles  Douglas,  he  cried  out,  '  Now  my 
dear  friend,  I  am  at  the  service  of  your 
Greeks  and  Trojins,  and  the  whole  of 
Homer's  Iliad,  or  as  much  of  it  as  you 
please;  for  the  enemy  is  in  confusion, 
and  our  victory  is  secure.'"  'S 

In  October,  1783,  Sir  Charles  hoisted 
his  broad  pendant  on  board  the  Assist- 
ance, of  50  guns,  in  which  ship  he  pro- 
ceeded  to  assume  the  chief  command  on 
the  Nova  Scotia  station,  but  getting  dis- 
gusted at  some  proceedings  of  the  Ad- 
miralty and  Naval  Boards,  he  begged  to 
be  recalled ; »'  and  consequently  he  wa» 
relieved  by  Commodore  Herbert  Sawyer 
the  next  year.'"  The  Georgian  Era,  vol 
2,  p.  506,  says  he  was  not  relieved  until 
1786.  Sept.  24.,  1787,  during  the  pre- 
parations fur  war.  Sir  Charles  was  pro- 
moted to  be  a  rear-admiral  of  the  Blue,'^ 
and  about  a  month  before  his  death  he 
was  again  appointed  to  go  to  Nova  Scotia 
as  commander  in  chief. 

He  died  March  10,  1789.  One 
account  says  he  fell  in  a  fit  of  apoplexy 
as  he  was  entering  a  public  meeting  at 
Edinburgh,  and  instantly  expired.  Hit 
son's  biographer,  however,  gives  this 
relation  of  his  last  illness :  '•  In  the 
spring  of  1789  Sir  Charles  Douglas  was 
appointed  commander  in  chief  on  a 
foreign  station  and  hoisted  his  flag  at 
Portsmouth,  when  he  paid  a  hasty  visit 
to  Scotland,  to  bring  away  Howard  (hit 


300         Had  a  en's  Ordei^ly  Books, 

hopes,  and  in  expectation  that  the  Displeasure 
he  expressed  to  the  Commanding  Officers  of 
those  Corps,  with  his  Orders  to  communicate  the 
same  immediately  to  the  Officers  of  Companies, 
would  have  produced  such  visible  and  equal 
marks  of  Contrition,  as  might  have  justified  him 
in  suffering  the  matter  to  rest  thenceforward  in 
Silence.  His  Excellency  has  been  in  some 
measure  disappointed,  and  he  has  therefore  in 
justice  to  both  Regiments,  left  it  in  charge  to 
take  public  notice  of  the  diffisrence  of  their  be- 
haviour. 


son),  and  take  him  un  board  his  own 
ship  to  sea.  He  arrived  at  Musselburg 
in  the  midst  of  the  excitement  caused  by 
the  recovery  of  George  III  from  his  first 
illness,  and  intended  to  take  part  in  the 
rejoicing,  but  a  sudden  attack  of  illness 
confined  him  to  his  room.  This  was 
not  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  enjoy- 
ment of  his  children,  and  they  went  to  a 
juvenile  ball  at  a  neighbour's,  given  in 
honor  of  the  occasion.  It  is  indicative 
of  the  thoughtful  kindness  inherent  in 
Howard  tliat  he  ran  over  from  the  dance 
to  see  his  f.ithe-  several  times  during  the 
■evening.  He  found  him  complaining  of 
pain  in  the  head,  and  saw  that  he  was 
disturbed  by  the  glare  of  the  illumination, 
which  he  proposed  to  shut  out  by  d.irken- 
ing  the  window.  '  God  forbid  that  my 
window  should  be  the  first  darkened  on 
such  a  night  as  this  ! '  said  the  old  Ad- 
miral, showing  b's  ruling  passion  of 
loyalty  strong  in  death  ;  for  these  were 
his  last  words.  He  was  seized  with 
apoplexy  during  the  night,  and  the  morn- 
ing found  him  dead."'* 

His  first  wife  was  a  Dutch  lady  of 
rank  who  died  in  1769,  and  who  bore 
him  two  sons  and  a  daughter.  Hissecond 
wife  was-  Mrs.  Jane  Wood,  daughter  of 
John  Baillie,  and  by  her  he  had  another 


son.  Sir  Charles  was  succeeded  by  his 
eldest  son,  William  Henry,  a  vice-admiral 
of  the  Blue;  at  whose  death,  in  1809, 
unmarried,  the  title  devolved  upon  Sir 
Charles' son  by  his  second  wife,  Howard, 
a  lieutenant-general  in  the  army,  colonel 
of  the  15th  Foot,  and  governor  of  New 
Brunswick.' 

Sir  Charles  Douglas  was  an  officer  of 
much  merit ;  indeed,  Sir  Gilbert  Blanc 
calls  him  the  most  enlightened  and 
scientific  officer  with  whom  he  was  ever 
acquainted.''  Sir  Charles,  likewise  pos- 
sessed considerable  mechanical  ability, 
and  he  was  so  excellent  a  linguist  that 
he  spoke  six  languages  with  great  correct- 
ness A  writer  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  says,  "  Sir  Charles  was  a  very 
good,  a  very  brave,  and  a  very  honest 
man."'«  ['  B.  R :  D.  J:  D.  N.  a. 
'  D.  N.  3.  3  E.  V.  506:  A.  T.  18, 
43.  •♦  I.  B.  324.  5  D.  N.  4,  5  «  H. 
456.  7  H.  F.  6oa.  8  B.  R.  "  D.  N. 
6.  '"  H.  G.  270.  "  E.  V.  506:  M.  I. 
147.  "  M.  J.  121,  228.  '3  D.  Y. 
277  :  M.  J.  333  :  H.  K.  74,  266. 
»«  D.  N.7-9  :  B.  Z.  Z.  86:  B.  Z, 
540,  Article  on  John  Clerk.  »S  I.  G. 
305.  '6  E.  V.  506  :  D.  Y.  277.  '7  X. 
234.  '8  D.  N.  14.  ■»  I.  G.  231 
«>  F.  O. 


HadderCi  Orderly  Books,         301 

The  47th  Regiment  have  not  ceased  through 
their  Commanding  Officer  to  acknowledge  their 
offence  and  to  testify  their  penitence,  and  in  such 
terms  of  Decency  and  respect,  as  make  due  atone- 
ment, and  restore  them  to  the  good  opinion  they 
before  deserved. 

The  31st  have  not  only  been  deficient  in  such 
representations,  but  the  Lieutenant  Colonel  suf- 
fered Rum  to  be  delivered,  notwithstanding  he 
had  received  an  express  prohibition  upon  the 
subject  from  the  General's  own  mouth. 

It  is  a  painful  necessity  to  include  other  Officers 
in  this  regimental  Censure,  but  it  can  hardly  be 
supposed,  if  the  Subject  of  Rum  had  been  properly 
explained,  that  men  could  be  so  devoid  of  Duty 
and  Reason  as  to  expect  indulgencies  never 
granted  to  any  Army ;  absolutely  impossible  to 
be  complied  with  in  the  present  service,  and 
were  it  otherwise,  improper  and  prejudicial. 

The  Officers  are  required  and  ordered  to  make 
these  truths  known  to  the  men,  and  those  who 
want  recollection  are  to  be  taught  to  reflect  on 
the  numerous  and  unprecedented  favours  already 
heaped  upon  this  Army,  by  the  King,  their 
Countrymen  at  Home,  and  their  own  Officers. 

The  impression  of  just  principles  carefully  in- 
stilled, soon  becomes  visible  and  certain,  and 
Soldiers  so  prepared,  will  ever  consider  that 
Decency,  Regularity,  Subordination  and  respect 


302  H add  en's  Orderly  Books, 

to  their  Officers,  when  out  of  Action,  are  the 
best  and  most  honorable  pledges  they  can  offer 
to  their  Superiors  for  trusting  to  their  hands, 
when  they  shall  meet  the  Enemy,  the  Glory  of 
His  Majesty's  Arms,  and  the  Vindication  of  the 
Rights  of  Great  Britain. 

Rum  will  be  allowed  to  the  Regiments  to  Day, 
the  31st  Regiment  excepted. 


Isle  aux  NoiXf  5th  October,  1776. 

Parole — William  and  Stade. 

The  Brunswick  and  Hessian  Troops  will  fur- 
nish Men  for  the  Duties  of  the  Island  in  propor- 
tion to  their  Numbers. 

When  the  Regiments  move  they  will  carry  in 
each  Boat,  at  least  fourteen  Days  Provision  for 
the  Number  of  Men  the  Boats  contain.  They 
will  therefore  prepare  and  accommodate  their 
Baggage,  so  as  to  be  sure  of  leaving  Stowage  for 
that  essential  Article. 

All  the  Batteaux  are  to  be  examined  imme- 
diately and  such  as  are  leaky  to  be  reported. 

The  Quarter  Master  General  and  Camp  Color 
Men  of  the  British  at  the  Isle  aux  Noix  to  be 
ready  to  go  forward  tomorrow  Morning. 


Hodden's  Orderly  Books.  303 

Camp  at  the  Isle  aux  Noix,  October  6th,  1776. 

Parole — Phillip.  C.  S. — Munster. 

The  Troops  to  receive  Biscuit  for  to  Day, 
instead  of  Bread  and  the  British  are  besides  to 
receive  Bread  and  Provisions  for  tomorrow. 

The  Quarter  Masters  and  Camp  Color  Men 
of  the  I  St  Brigade,  British,  are  to  proceed  to  the 
Riviere  La  Colle  this  afternoon,  to  take  up  the 
Ground  that  shall  be  given  for  their  respective 
Regiments  by  Captain  Harrington,  Assistant 
Quarter  Master  General. 

The  Brigade  v/ill  load  their  Store  of  Provisions, 
according  to  the  Orders  of  yesterday,  this  Even- 
ing, Bread  excepted,  which  will  be  kept  back 
till  Morning  to  prevent  its  being  damaged. 

The  British  will  beat  the  General,  instead  of 
the  Reveille  at  Daybreak  tomorrow,  and  strike 
their  Tents  immediately.  An  Hour  will  be 
allowed  for  loading  the  Baggage,  after  which  the 
Assembly  will  beat,  and  the  Regiments  embark. 

The  Brunswick  and  Hessian  Troops  will  take 
the  whole  Guards  of  the  Island  at  5  o'clock  this 
Evening. 

Isle  aux  Noix,  jt/i  October. 
Parole — Henry  and  Hanover.  , 


'   •Tirriir'  I  '' ' 


304  Maddens  Orderly  Books, 

Riviere  a  ia  CoUe,  8th  October. 
Parole — Francis  and  Friezland. 

Riviere  a  la  Colle,  9th  October. 
Pj^o/^_Ignatius  and  Julien. 

Riviere  a  la  Colli,  i  oth  October, 
Parole — Lewis  and  Lorraine. 

ha  Colley  iiM. 
Moses  and  Moselle. 

La  ColUy  1 2th. 
Parole — Stephen  and  Sweden. 

La  Pointe  au  Per,  13th  October. 
Peter  and  Prussia. 

Pointe  au  Per,  14M. 
Pjro/^— Rodolph  and  Russia. 

Isle  a  la  Motte,  15M. 
Parole — Lazarus  and  Lapland. 

Pointe  au  Sable,  October  i6th,  1776, 
Parole— ?'\\xs  and  Prague. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 


305 


Evening  G.  O. 

[This  is  given  in  the  Journal  ante  p.  30.] 

Crown  Point,  ijth  October,  1776. 
Ptfr(?/^__Augustus  and  Austria. 
It  is  the  Commander  in  Chief's  nnQiVIu-  n  4 
that  no  Soldier  or  FoHower  of IheTr/do  pr? 

sume  to  .„oIe«  any  of  the  Inhabitants  at  cXn' 
Point,  or  on  either  side  of  the  Lake,  in  their  P^r 
sons  or   Property  ;   they  are  to  be  cons  Se  ed     I 
Br.  jsh  Subjects,  who  have  already  suffered  much 
by  the  residence  of  a  lawless  BanHiff;   , 

^^     The   inhabitants    a:^  S'llLf^g^    ,  - 

offer  to  all.  whatever  they  can   spare,  and  readv 

money  IS  to  be  paid  for  i't.  OffiWcommand- 
>ng    Regiments   are   to  give    ereat  »».„/■• 

explaining  these  Orders  fo  :he'Ml,ThrEx- 

cellency  IS  determined  to  give  directions  to  puni'h 
the  transgression  of  them  with  the  utr^ost 
Severity  of  Martial  Law.  utmost 

Crown  Point,  18M. 
P/7n?/;?— Hughes  and  Hesse.  i 

|; 

Crown  Point,  igth^  m 

P^r^/^AIexander  and  Aleppo.  ji 

39  '1 


3o6  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

Sunday,  7.0th, 
Parole — Leopold  and  Lyons. 

[Here  follows  a  break  in  the  Orders  until  June,  1777,  but 
as  the  Orders  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book  begin  June  20th, 
1777,  no  order  printed  in  that  volume,  or  in  Lieut.  Hadden's 
Journal,  will  be  printed  here  ;  and  hence  there  will  be  many 
and,  frequently,  long  breaks  in  the  continuity  of  dates  here- 
after.— Editor  7\ 

By  Major  General  Phillips.  , 

B.  O.  [Crown  Point,  June  30th,  1777.]^^ 

The  Regiments  will  strike  Tents  and  put  them 
on  Board  their  Batteaux  immediately  on  the 
General  beating,  and  when  the  Assembly  beats, 
they  will  embark.  The  Camp  Guard  will  strike 
their  Tents  and  join  their  respective  Regiments 
a  little  before  the  Assembly  beats. 

Captain  Hosmer's  division  of  Gun  Boats  con- 
sisting of  those  le+L  with  the  Army  after  Captain 
Mitchelson  was  detached  from  Crown  Point,  is 
to  assemble  afloat  in  the  Gun  Boats  in  the  middle 
of  the  stream  between  Crown  Point  and  Chim- 
ney Point  at  day  break  in  the  morning,  and 
move  between  the  two  wings  of  the  Army  and 
as  near  with  the  heads  of  the  Columns  as  possible. 

gk.      The  date  of  this  Brigade  Order  By  reference  to  Hadden's  Journal  it  will 

is   not   given   as    it    follows    a    Ger-ral  be  seen  that  the   British    army,  then  at 

Order  of  the  same  place  and  date,  wmc'i  Crown  Point,  embarked  July  ist,  the  day 

were  doubtless  intended  to  apply  to  this,  after  the  order  in  the  text  was  issued. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.         307 

When  the  Army  encamps  they  will  lay  off  at 
about  one  hundred  yards  advanced  from  the  Line 
of  Encampment  and  wait  for  orders.  Should  the 
water  be  too  deep  to  unchor  in  the  middle  of  the 
Channel,  they  are  to  divide  in  two  divisions,  one 
of  which  is  to  anchor  on  the  West  side  at  the 
head  of  the  right  wing  of  the  Army  ;  the  other 
on  the  East  shore  at  the  head  of  the  left  wing, 
but  to  be  prepared  to  land  the  Guns  immediately. 
(Signed)  Wm.  Phillips, 

M.  G. 

'  Division  Orders  by  Capt  Hosmer. 

The  Guns  to  be  got  down  to  the  water  side 
and  the  Camp  struck  immediately  and  embark'd 
after  Gun  fire;  the  Guns  to  be  put  on  board  at 
two  in  the  morning,  and  the  Boats  moved  to  the 
station  assign'd  them  in  the  Brigade  Orders  of 
this  day. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Extract  of  Brigade  Orders,      ist  July,  1777, 

Major  General  Phillips  is  sorry  he  is  under  the 
Necessity  of  repeating  what  he  thought  would  have 
been  sujjiciently  impressed  upon  the  Officers  minds^ 
that  Fatigues  and  Dijiculties  would  certainly  attend 
this   Campaign^  but  that  he  expected,    and  made  no 


3o8         Hadden^s  Orderly  Books, 

doubt  they  would  go  through  both  with  Cheerfulness, 
with  Credit  to  themselves,  and  with  due  Obedience 
and  Zeal  for  the  Kings  Service. 

The  Major  General  desires  the  utmost  Alert- 
ness &  Dispatch  in  all  the  different  Movements 
of  the  Army,  and  particularly  upon  coming  to 
fresh  Ground,  and  in  a  Campaign  such  as  this, 
that  Officers  act,  from  their  own  lights,  and  not 
tediously  wait  for  fresh  Intelligence,  and  new 
Orders,  in  Matters  which  should  go  on  from 
day  to  day  ;  &  it  is  to  be  observed  that  all  Orders 
and  Regulations  are  to  be  considered  as  Standing 
Orders,  unless  contradicted.  He  hopes  no  Offi- 
cer during  the  present  critical  Situation  of  the 
Army  be  ever  out  of  Camp  unless  upon  Duty,  & 
that  they  will  every  morning,  as  soon  as  it  is 
light,  reconnoitre,  and  become  perfectly  ac- 
quainted with  the  Ground  all  round  their  own 
Camp,  and  also  as  it  bears  towards  any  other  of 
the  Army. 

The  Major  General  does  not  wish  to  have  it 
supposed  that  he  is  dissatisfied  with  the  Corps  he 
has  the  honor  particularly  to  command,  but  they 
cannot  but  be  sensible  that  some  things  have 
happened  not  quite  to  his  satisfaction  :  he  does 
assure  them  that  when  they  give  him  Cause  to 
Interest  himself  for  their  Credit  and  Honor,  he 
will  do  it  with  indefatigable  Zeal,  and  the  most 
Cordial  Friendship. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,         309 

All  orders  to  be  most  Carefully  read  to  the 
men  every  day,  and  the  particulars  explained  to 
them  by  an  Officer. 

\         By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Skeenesborough,  18  July. 

A  Captain's  Guard  to  mount  with  the  Colors 
of  the  eldest  Regiment  tomorrow  morning  upon 
the  Congress  with  the  Indian  Nation. 

It  is  Maj'r  Gen'l  Phillips  most  positive  orders, 
that  the  Officers  are  in  a  particular  manner  at- 
tentive in  the  examination  of  Ammunition  Carts 
upon  a  March,  and  whatever  they  find  loaded  in 
any  of  them,  which  is  not  a  part  of  Artillery 
Proportion,  it  is  to  be  taken  out  and  burn'd,  and 
the  offisnder  punished  on  the  spot  by  the  sen- 
tence of  a  Field  Court  Martial. 

The  Men  are  to  carry  their  Knapsacks,  Haver- 
sacks and  Blankets  as  is  usual  with  the  Troops ; 
their  Tents  and  Poles  will  be  put  into  Country 
Carts  appointed  for  that  use.  The  General  and 
his  Major  of  Brigade  will  also  inspect  the  Line 
of  March,  and  should  any  Officer  (which  can 
scarce  be  imagined)  be  neglectful  of  his  Duty  in 
these  instances,  he  must  expect  without  distinc- 
tion to  his  Rank,  to  be  brought  to  a  Public  ex- 
amination. 


310         Maddens  Orderly  Books. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders.     Fort  George,  August  4th,  1777. 

Captain  Carter  is  appointed  Commissary  of 
Horses  to  the  Royal  Artillery :  Lieutenants  Dun- 
bar and  Rimington  are  to  act  as  Assistant  Commis- 
saries till  further  Orders ;  Lieutenant  Dunbar  to 
have  charge  of  the  Brigades  attached  to  the 
Wings  of  the  Army  and  to  the  advanced  Corps 
and  German  Reserve  ;  Lieutenant  Rimington i/^  to 
have  charge  of  the  Brigades  of  the  Park  and  all 
the  Trains  attending  of  it. 

■        ,  ^ 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 
Brigade  Orders.    Fort  Edvi^ard,  August  7th,  1777. 
Major  General  Phillips  signifies  to  the  Com- 

gl.  Samuel  Rimington,  enlisted  as  a  captivity  he  was  promoted  to  a  first 
private  in  the  Royal  Artillery  in  January,  lieutenancy,  his  commission  bearing  date 
1757}  and  attcr  t'uurteen  years  service  July  7,  «779.  He  became  a  captain- 
was  commissioned  as  a  2d  lieutenant  lieutenant  Dec.  i,  1782,  and  a  captain 
March  5,  1771,  in  the  First  Battalion  March  24,  1791,  his  being  No.  8  Corn- 
then  in  America.  He  belonged  to  the  pany,  4th  Battalion,  now  "  E  "  Battery, 
artillery  detachment  that  served  in  Canada  ist  Brigade.  He  became  a  major  in  the 
in  1776,  and  under  Burgoyne  in  1777.  army  March  i,  1794;  and  a  lieut.- 
Aug.  4,  1777,  by  order  ct  Gen.  Phillips,  colonel  therein  Jan.  i,  1798;  a  major 
he  was  appointed  Assistant  Commissary  in  the  artillery  July  13,  1799;  and  a 
of  Horses  to  the  Royal  Artillery,  nnd  had  lieut. -colonel  Nov.  12,  1800.  He  was 
charge  of"  tlie  brit,ade8  of  the  Park  of  transferred  to  the  Invalid  Battdlion  Feb. 
Artillery  and  all  the  trains  attached  tu  it.  10,  1802.  He  became  a  colonel  in  the 
On  the  march  of  the  army  after  crossing  army  April  25,  1808,  and  a  major- 
the  Hudson,  he  was  attached  to  the  general  June  4,  181 1;  and  he  waa 
artillery  of  the  Right  Division.  He  wa»  placed  on  major-general's  pay  June  25, 
included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention  and  1814.  He  became  a  lieut.-general  July 
remained  a  prisoner  until  Sept.  3,  1781,  19,  1821,  and  he  died  in  January,  1826, 
when  he  was  exchanged ;  after  which  he  leaving  issue.  [G.  U:  C.  Z.  261: 
lerved    in     New    York.      During     his  K.  J.  64:  £.  Z :  ,B.  H :  D.  P.   113.] 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,         3  r  i 

manding  Officers  of  Brigades,  that  he  has  reason 
to  suppose  that  the  Ammunition  and  Canadian  Carts 
breaking  down  have  been  owing  to  their  being 
overloaded,  whereas  the  proportion  of  Ammuni- 
tion and  Stores  for  each  does  not  amount  to  more 
than  800  Weighty  a  calculation  which  they  will 
very  well  bear  ;  the  overplus  weight  must  there- 
fore have  been  Baggage,  or  some  other  improper 
Loading ;  and  the  Commanding  Officers  of 
Brigades  must  be  sensible  that  nothing  ought  to 
be  loaded  upon  Artillery  Carriages,  but  such 
Stores  as  absolutely  belong  to  the  Service  :  it  is 
the  Major  General's  most  positive  Orders  that 
the  Officers  are  in  a  particular  manner  attentive 
in  the  Examination  of  the  Ammunition  Carts 
upon  a  March,  and  whatever  they  find  loaded  in 
any  of  them,  which  is  not  a  part  of  the  Artillery 
proportion  it  is  to  be  taken  out,  a  fire  to  be 
made,  and  such  Baggage  or  Luggage  is  to  be 
immediately  burned ;  and  in  order  to  prevent 
intirely  any  infraction  of  this  order,  the  Officers 
are  to  make  this  inspection  of  Ammunition 
Carts  very  frequently  in  a  Day's  March,  and 
whatever  Non  Commissioned  Officer,  Soldier,  or 
Artificer,  shall  be  detected  in  having  put  any- 
thing in  an  Ammunition  Cart  or  Waggon,  he  is 
to  be  tried  upon  the  Spot  by  a  Field  Regimental 
Court  Martial,  when  it  is  not  doubted  but  the 
most  severe   punishment  will  be  inflicted  ;  and 


312  Hadden^s  Orderly  Books, 

the  Major  General  does,  in  the  most  positive 
and  direct  manner,  make  the  Commissioned  Offi- 
cers of  Brigades  and  the  other  Officers  answerable 
for  strict  Observance  and  due  Obedience  to  this 
Order,  that  the  King's  Service  may  not  suffer  or 
be  retarded  from  any  motive  of  private  Con- 
venience, contrary  to  every  Custom,  and  every 
strict  Rule  of  Discipline  and  of  Service. 

The  Men  are  to  carry  their  Knapsacks,  Haver- 
sacks, and  Blankets  as  is  usual  with  the  Troops, 
but  thfir  Tents,  Poles  &c.  are  to  be  carried  for 
them  in  Country  Carts,  a  proportion  of  which  is 
fixed  to  each  Brigade. 

Orders  are  given  to  the  Major  of  Brigade  to 
visit  the  Artillery  on  their  March,  and  to  report 
whether  these  regulations  are  adhered  to,  and 
the  Major  General  will  himself  inspect  the 
Order  of  the  March,  and  if  he  finds  any  disobe- 
dience to  this  most  serious,  necessary  and  positive 
Order,  he  will,  if  a  Non  Commissioned  Officer, 
or  Soldier,  order  him  to  be  punished  on  the 
Spot ;  if  it  should  unfortunately  happen  (which 
can  scarce  be  imagined)  that  an  Officer  should 
be  in  any  Shape  neglectful  of  his  Duty  in  these 
Instances,  he  must  expect  without  distinction  to 
Person  or  Rank,  to  be  brought  to  a  public  Ex- 
amination. 


H addends  Orderly  Books.         313 

G.  O,  August  1 8M,  I  jjy.  ^'« 

//  having  been  a  practice  for  Officers  to  order  to 
be  taken  from  the  Provision  Train  in  the  Service  of 
the  King  for  this  Army^  the  Carts  and  Horses  for 
carrying  Baggage  and  other  purposes^  by  which  the 
Transport  of  Provisions  has  been  destroyed,  the 
Carts  broken,  and  the  Horses  destroyed  ;  to  avoid 
for  the  future  these  dangerous  inconveniences  for  the 
Service,  9"'  it  is  in  the  most  positive  manner  ordered, 
that  no  Carts  or  Horses  are  to  be  used  but  for  the 
public  Transports  of  the  Army,  nor  are  any  to  be 
employed  without  the  knowledge  of  the  Com- 
missary and  assistant  Commissary  of  Horse,  and 
of  the  Waggon  Master  to  the  Army,  and  these 
Officers  are  on  no  account  to  suffer  any  of  the 
Provisions  and  Train  to  be  used  for  any  other 
purpose  but  in  the  Transport  of  Provisions,  Bat- 

gm.     In  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book  this  "  It  having  been  a  practice  for  officers 

order   has,    over  the    date,   as    the  place  to  order  to  be  taken  from  the  Provision 

where  it  was    issued,    "  Camp  at   Duer's  Train  in  the  service  of  the  King," —  are 

House."     It    also     has     preceding    the  to  be  found  in  the  manuscript  Burgoyne's 

body  of  the  text  as  given  above, —  Orderly  Book.  The  remainder  of  so  much 

"  Parole  St.  Louis.  of  the  order  as  is  contained  in  the  printed 

Countersign,  Paris.  Burgoyne's    Orderly     Book,     has     been 

"  Field    Officer  British  Picquet,  Lieut.-  copied,    without  acknowledgment,  from 

Colo.    Hill."  "  A    Supplement    to    the    State    of    the 

The  printed  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book  Expedition  " 
contains  only  as  much  of  the  above  order 

as  is  in  Italics.   Of  the  parts  in  Burgoyne's  gn.     In  "  A  Supplement  to  the  State 

Orderly  Book  only  the  following  words,  of  the  Expedition,"  and  therefore  in  the 

viz. —  printed     Burgoyne's    Orderly    Book,   for 

"CampatDuer's  House,  i8fh  Aug.,  1777.  ^^^     words — "these     dangerous     incon- 

"  Parole,  St.  Louis.  veniences  for  the  service," — as  found  in 

Countersign,  Paris.  Hadden's    Orderly  Books,  is   printed,  — 

"Field  Officer  British    Picquet,  Lieut.-  "this  danger  and  inconvenience  to  the 

Col'o.   Kill."  service." 


314-  HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

teaux,  or  public  Stores,  without  the  immediate 
order  of  his  Excellency  the  Lieutenant  General, 
the  Quarter  Master  General,  or  his  Assistants ; 
nor  is  any  Officer  being  accidentally  Commanding 
Officer  at  any  Post,  to  interfere  with  the  Provision 
Train  in  any  other  manner  than  to  give  it  every 
Aid  and  Assistance  9^  which  he  is  on  all  occasions 
to  do. 


By  Major  General  Phillips. 
General  Orders.  OP  August  1 9M,  i  J'J'J. 

Major  General  Phillips  has  heard  with  the 
utmost  astonishment,  that  notwithstanding  his 
most  serious  and  positive  Orders  of  the  i6th 
Instant,  ()<l  that  no  Carts  should  be  used  for 
any  purpose  whatever,  but  the  Transport  of 
Provisions,  unless  by  particular  Orders  from  the 
Commander  in    Chief,  &c.    &c.    as  expressed  in 


go.  In  "  A  Supplement  to  the  State 
of  the  Expedition,"  and  therefore  in  the 
printed  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book, 
the  words, —  "in  his  power,"  —  follow 
— •'  every  aid  and  assistance," —  and  pre- 
cede,—  "  which  he  is  on  all  occasions  to 
do." 

gf.  This  order  was  probably  issued 
at  Fort  Edward,  as  in  the  order  of 
August  17th  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly 
Book,  issued  at  Camp  at  Duer's  House, 
this  clause  occurs: — "The  47th  Regi- 
ment is  to  march  tomorrow  morning  to 
Fort  Edward,  where  they  will  receive 
Orders    from    Major  General    Phillips." 


No  order  for  August  19th,  is  contained 
in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book,  but  the 
following  explanation  of  the  omission  is 
given  : —  "  [Orders  of  the  19th  missing 
in  the  MS.  at   Head  Quarters.]" 

In  the  MS.  referred  to,  at  Head 
Quarters,  two  or  three  piges  have  been 
torn  out, 

gq.  It  would  seem  as  if  this  date  was 
a  mistake,  and  should  read  the  i8th, 
and  refer  to  the  next  preceding  order, 
which  was  probably  issued  by  Major 
General  Phillips  in  the  temporary  absence 
of  the  lieut,- general,  as  well  as  this  order 
of  the  19th. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,         315 

the  Order,  there  are  this  day  about  thirty  Carts 
on  the  Road  loaden  with  Baggage,  said  to  be  the 
Lieutenant  General's. 

Major  General  Phillips  being  perfectly  ac- 
quainted with  his  Excellency's  Sentiments  upon 
this  subject,  that  he  would  on  no  account  suffer 
his  private  conveniency  to  interfere  with  the 
public  Transports  of  Provisions,  to  the  great 
amount  of  it,  if  true,  as  it  has  been  reported,  is 
sure  his  Excellency  will  mark  the  strongest  re- 
sentment at  this  very  indecent  disobedience  of 
General  Orders. 

The  Major  General  orders  the  Commanding 
Officer  at  Fort  George  to  make  a  most  strict 
report  how  this  could  possibly  have  happened 
after  the  Orders  had  been  given  out  to  send  the 
Name  or  Names  of  Persons,  who  ordered  these 
Carts  to  take  Baggage,  and  unless  it  is  an  Order 
of  some  superior  to  the  Commanding  Officer  at 
Fort  George  he  ought  not  to  have  suffered  such 
a  Transaction. 

The  Report  to  be  made  immediately  and  these 
General  Orders  to  be  given  out  directly,  as  a 
strong  reproof  to  those  who  have  been  guilty  of 
this  shocking  neglect  to  the  public  Service  ;  and 
to  mark  that  the  General  Officers  of  this  Army 
do  not  mean  to  countenance  such  Conduct. 


3i6  Haddens  Orderly  Books. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 
„Q  September  7th,  1777. 

Bv  Major  General   Phillips  there  is  reason   to 

8UDP0se  that  the  Park  of  Artillery  does  not  get 

^General  Orders  of  the  Day.  and  that  even 

the  Parole  and  Countersign  .s  not  known  m  the 

Camp  of  the  Park. 

This  seems  to  be  so  very  uncommon  a  neglect 
that  it  must  be  owing  to  some  P""^"'"^,""^  ' 
which   Major  Williams   w.ll   pomt   out.  that  it 

may  be  remedied. 

The    dangerous   consequences   of  a   want   of 
Orders  are  to'o  plain  to  "eedexp  am.ng      When- 
ever the  Adjutant  cannot  go  for  Orders,  a  iNon 
cor^missionid    Officer    should    be   sent    to   the 
Major  of  Brigade  for  them. 

By  Major  General  Phillips. 

Brigade  Orders. 

Sara  Toga,  September  14th,  1777. 

To  all  Brigades  of  Artillery  there  are  certain 
proportbns  o^f  Powder  and  Stores  allotted  that 
ircase  any  Division  is  detach'd,  it  -^y  dways 
have  with  it  every  necessary  material  for  the 
service-  and  the  Waggons,  Carts,  and  Horses 
Sing  to  such  pro^rtions  of  Stores,  are  to  be 


Haddens  Orderly  Books,  317 

under  the  immediate  care  of  the  Conductor  of 
Horses  belonging  to  such  Brigade  to  which  they 
are  allotted :  the  remaining  Waggons  and  Carts 
containing  Powder,  Entrenching  Tools,  and 
other  various  Stores,  is  usually  called  the  Reserve 
of  the  Park,  is  to  be  drawn  up  in  the  rear  of  the 
Brigade  of  Artillery,  is  to  have  a  Conductor  of 
Horses  for  its  service,  and  has  attached  to  it  such 
Clerks  of  Stores,  Conductors  and  Artificers  as  do 
not  immediately  belong  to  the  Brigades. 

When  all  the  Park  division  are  together,  they 
form  one  Brigade,  and  the  Line  of  March  should 
not  be  intermixed  with  any  Carts  or  Waggons 
containing  any  other  Stores  than  the  Ammuni- 
tion :  the  Baggage,  Powder,  Entrenching  Tools, 
and  Waggons  belonging  to  the  several  Divisions 
are  to  fall  into  the  rear  immediately  after  the 
Guns  and  Ammunition. 

Captain  Carter's  Brigade  of  the  Artillery  of 
the  Park  under  Major  Williams  is  to  be  formed 
into  three  Divisions. — 

A  Right.  Centre.  Left. 

The  right  and  left  Divisions  to  consist  of  the  1 2 
and  6  Pounders  as  before.  The  Centre  Division 
to  consist  of  the  Howitzers  and  24.  Pounders  :  the 
line  of  the  Park  is  to  be  drawn  up  as  before,  the 
two  24  Pounders  being  the  Centre  Pieces  of  the 
Artillery. 


I 


3 1 8  Hadden*s  Orderly  Books, 

Line  of  March  by  the  Right, 
Right  Division,    j  2  Light  6  Pounders 


2  Medium  12  do. 

f  I    Royal  Howitzer. 

I  I    Eight  Inch         do. 
Centre  Division.  -{  2  24  Pounders. 

I  Eight   Inch  Howitzer. 
I  Royal  Do. 

Left  Division,      f  2  Medium  12  Pounders. 

I  2  Light         6  Pounders.       ' 

The  Ammunition  Waggons  and  Carts  belong- 
ing to  each  nature  of  Artillery  to  follow  im- 
mediately after  their  proper  Guns  and  Howitzers. 

To  follow  immediately  this  Line  of  March. 

Baggage  Waggons  of  the  Companies. 

Spare  Carriages. 

Entrenching  Tool  Waggons. 

Powder  Waggons. 

Conductors  and  Artificers  Carts  of  the  three 
Divisions 

I  Forge  Cart.  ■''■  '\\,  _  ^'  ^ '''':''■ '':■/■'': 

Surgeons  and  Mates  Medicine  Carts. 

Major  Williams*  Baggage. 


HadderCs  Orderly  Books,  319 

Captain  Carter's      do. 

•    Officers'  do. 

Baggage  of  the  Civil    Branch. 

The  Reserve  Train. 

Whenever  the  Artillery  is  ordered  to  march 
without  Baggage,  there  will  nothing  presume  to 
follow  the  line  of  March  but  the  Artillery,  its 
Ammunition,  spare  Carriages,  and  Entrenching 
Tools,  and  Surgeons  and  Medicine  Carts,  Carts 
with  Artificers  Tools  and  Forge. 

Major  Williams'  and  Captain  Carter's  Com- 
panies to  furnish  an  equal  proportion  of  Men  for 
the  Centre  Division  :  Subalterns  for  the  Right 
Division  are  Lieutenants  Rimington  and  Cox ; 
Left  Division  Lieutenants  York  and  Davids  : 
Centre  Division  Lieutenants  Houghton,  Dysart 
and  Collier. 

These  Officers  are  on  this  day  to  make  a 
general  Survey  of  the  Ammunition  Waggons  and 
Carts,  to  see  that  the  Stores  are  all  in  order,  and  to 
instruct  the  Noncommissioned  Officers  in  what 
manner  they  are  to  be  got  at  when  wanted  ;  the 
Arms  of  the  Guns  as  well  as  their  Boxes  and 
Vents,  are  to  be  examined  to  see  that  no  dirt  be 
lodged,  or  any  obstacle  to  their  service. 

A  general  Exercise  of  the  Detachment  to  be 
on  this  day  at  the  most    convenient   Hour,  and 


320         Haddeti^s  Orderly  Books, 

everything  to  be  prepared  for  immediate  Service 
and  Action,  that  Major  Williams  may  report  it 
accordingly  at  Gun  firing  this  Evening,  in  order 
that  the  Major  General  may  make  his  report  to 
the  Commander  in  Chief. 

Whatever  men  may  be  wanting  to  make  up 
the  number  of  Eighteen  to  each  piece  of  Artillery, 
are  to  be  given  this  day  by  the  Detachment  of 
the  33rd  Regiment. 

Lieutenants  Dysart  and  Collier  to  immediately 
join  the  Park,  and  encamp  with  it  till  further 
orders. 

Captain  Bloomfield,  Major  of  Brigade,  having 
desired  in  the  present  want  of  Captains  to  do  his 
Duty  in  the  Park,  the  Major  General  allows  of 
it,  and  he  will  be  ordered  to  such  parts  of  the 
Artillery  occasionally  as  may  most  require  it : 
he  is  therefore  to  make  himself  acquainted 
with  the  Right  and  Centre  Divisions,  in  order 
that  he  may  be  posted  to  either  of  them  when 
ordered.  Captain  Hosmer  will  have  such  parts 
of  the  Artillery  as  move  with  the  Left  Wing  as 
uspal.  Captain  Carter  will  inspect  every  part  of 
his  Brigade.  Major  Williams  will  take  his  Post 
and  change  it  as  he  sees  most  for  the  good  of  the 
Service. 

The  detached  Brigades  will  take  their  orders 
from  the  Generals  with  whom  they  immediately 
serve,  and  report  directly  to  the  Major  General. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.  321 

[But  little  of"  the  following  Order  of  October  ist,  1777,  is 
printed  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book,  and  the  fragment  given 
therein  ends  with  the  announcement  "[Two  leaves  missing  from 
the  original  manuscript]."  The  order  therefore,  as  found  in 
Lieut.  Hadden's  Orderly  Books,  is  produced  in  full.  The  part 
in  Italics  is  printed  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book. — EditQr.'\ 


By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne. 

G.  O.  October  ist,  1777. 

In  consequence  of  authentic  Letters  received  by 
the  Lieutenant  General  from  Brigadier  General 
Powel  at  Ticonderoga^  and  Captain  Aubery  v^  of 
the  \']th  Regiment  commanding  at  Diamond  Island 
in  Lake  George. 


•  gr.  Thomas  Aubrey  belonged  to  a 
very  ancient  family,  and  was  the  second 
son  of  Sir  Thomas  Aubrey,  Bart.,  by 
his  wife,  Martha,  eldest  daughter  of 
Richard  Carter,  Esq  ,  of  Chilton,  in 
Buckinghamshire."  He  entered  the 
British  army  Oct.  26,  1762,  as  an  ensign 
in  tile  9th  Foot,  and  served  in  Florida. 
March  27,  1765,  he  was  promoted  to  a 
lieutenancy  in  the  62d  Foot,  then  at,  or 
about  to  embark  for,  the  Caribbee  Is- 
lands, and  May  17th,  1766,  he  ex- 
changed into  the  4th,  or  King's  Own. 
April  30,  1771,  he  became  a  captain  in 
the  47tli  Foot,  then  in  Ireland,  and  two 
years  later,  he  accompanied  his  regiment 
to  America,  where  he  served  through 
the  Revolutionary  war.'  He  was  under 
Gage  in  1775,  and  commanded  a  com- 
pany of  the  47th  ai  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill. 3  Sir  William  Howe  sent  the  47th 
to  Canada,  in  the  spring  of  1776,  to  re- 
inforce Gen.  Carleton,  and  Capt.  Aubrey 

4' 


went  with  it,  taking  part  in  the  expulsion 
of  the  Americans  from  that  province. 
In  1777,  he  accompanied  Burgoyne's 
disastrous  expedition,  but  escaped  the 
fate  of  the  bul'.  of  that  general's  army, 
as,  when  it  crossed  the  Hudson,  Sept. 
13th  and  14th,  he,  with  two  companies 
of  the  47th,  was  posted  on  Diamond 
Island,  about  the  centre  of  Lake  George, 
for  the  purpose  of  forwarding  provisions 
across  the  lake.  Sept,  24th,  the  Amer- 
icans attacked  Capt.  Aubrey's  command, 
but  were  repulsed  with  loss,  greatly  to 
the  captain's  credit.*  After  Burgoyne's 
surrender  all  the  British  posts  between 
Saratoga  and  Canada  were  hastily  aban- 
doned, and  the  troops  withdrawn  to  the 
latter  province  j  in  which  Capt. 
Aubrey  served  during  the  remainder  of 
the  war.  In  the  summer  of  1778  he 
was  sent  by  Gen.  Haldimand  with  the 
three  companies  of  the  47th  regiment 
remaining    in    Canada,  a    detachment  of 


1. " 

32  2  Hadden*s  Orderly  Books,  -  ' 

The  Army  is  informed  that  the  Enemy  having 
found  means  to 'cross  the  Mountains  between  Skenes- 
borough  and  I^ake  George,  and  having  marched 
with  another  Corps  from  Hubbertown,  a  sudden 
and  general  Attack  was  made  in  the  morning  of 
the  1 8th  upon  the  carrying  Place  at  Lake  George, 
Sugar  Hill,  Ticonderoga,  and  Mount  Independ- 
ence. . 


Sir  John  Johnson's  corps,  together  with 
a  body  of  artificers  under  Lieut.  Twiss, 
of  the  Engineers,  to  establish  a  post  at 
the  entrance  of  Laite  Ontario  ;  of  which 
post  Capt.  Aubrey  remained  in  command 
for  a  long  time. 5  Gen.  Haldimand 
wrote  to  Lord  George  Germaine  as 
follows  ; 

"  Camp  at  Sorel,  14/A   Oct.,  »778. 

"  My    Lord I    sent    Mr.  Twiss 

of  the  Engineers  with  Capt.  Aubrey  and 
three  Go's  remiining  of  the  47th  Reg't 
in  Canada,  a  Detachment  from  Sir  John 
Johnson's  Corps,  together  with  a  Body 
of  Artificers,  to  establish  a  Post  at  the 
entrance  of  Lake  Ontario,  to  serve  the 
purposes  of  a  safe  place  for  the  Traders 
to  send  tlieir  goods  to,  which  go  from 
Montreal  in  Boats,  till  the  King's  vessels, 
now  the  only  craft  allowed  to  navigate 
the  Lakes,  can  be  spared  from  the  more 
urgent  services,  to  transport  them  to 
Niagara,  a  secure  harbor  for  these  vessels, 
and  a  defence  against  the  enterprises  of 
the  Rebels  upon  this  province  by  that 
great  avenue  into  it.  I  also  sent  up 
with  the  same  party  Lieut.  Shanks  of 
the  Navy  (who  has  been  employed  upon 
Lake  Champlain)  and  is  the  Commis- 
sioner of  the  Dock  Yards,  for  the  benefit 
of  his  judgment  with  regard  to  the  best 
places  for  a  Harbor,  and  with  orders  to 
construct  as  soon  as  possible  for  that 
Lake,  a  number  of  Gun  Boats  which  are 
uieful  in  so  many   respects.     I  sent    him 


also  the    Inspection    and    arrangement  of 
the  King's  vessels  tliere. 

"  The  Place  pitched  upon  by  these 
Gentlemen,  after  having  been  carefully 
examined,  Cataraqui,  is  an  Island  about 
12  miles  below  the  entrance  of  Lake 
Ontario,  having  Grande  Isle  on  one  side 
from  which  it  is  divided  by  a  Channel  of 
something  less  than  a  mile,  and  the 
South  Continent  on  the  other  at  the 
distance  of  one  mile  and  a  quarter  from 
it. 

'•  This  Island  had  gone  for  some  time 
by  the  name  of  Deer  Island  having  been 
mistaken  for  that  called  by  the  French 
Isle  aux  Chevrents  which  is  found  to  be 
higher  up,  and  the  name  of  Carleton's 
Island  is  now  given  to  this  in  question. 
Very  favorable  ground  for  fortifying, 
commanding  a  commodious  and  safe 
Harbor  which  this  Island  possesses  at 
the  upper  end  of  it  looking  towards  the 
Lake,  induced  the  Gentlemen  sent  on 
this  Service  to  fix  upon  this  spot,  where  a 
Fort  is  begun,  and  Barracks  are  building 
for  the  Troops,  and  the  place  will  be  in 
a  tolerable  state  of  defence,  and  Habita- 
tions by  the  Winter,  A  Plan  of  which 
shall  be  transmitted  to  your  Lordship  a« 
soon  as  possible."* 

Capt.  Aubrey  became  a  major  in  the 
army  June  7,  1782  ;  and  Feb.  28th,  1788, 
he  exchanged  with  Capt.  John  Irving 
of  the  73d  Foot  on  half-pay,  and  he  re- 
mained on  half-pay  as  a  captain  during 
the  rest  of  his  life."     Burgoyne'i  Orderly 


Haddens  Orderly  Books.  323 

The  Enemy  so  far  succeeded  as  to  surprize  the 
armed  Boat,  stationed  to  defend  the  carrying 
Place,  as  also  the  Posts  on  Sugar  Hill  and  at  the 
Portage,  where  a  considerable  part  of  four  Com- 
panies of  the  53rd  Regiment  were  made  Prisoners. 

A  Blockhouse  commanded  by  Lieutenant 
Lord  '.f^  wai  the  only  Post  on  that  side  that  had 
time  to  make  use  of  their  Arms,  and  they  made 
a  brave  Defence  till  Cannon  (supposed  to  be 
taken  from  the  Surprize  Vessel)  was  brought 
against  them. 

After  stating  and  lamenting  so  fatal  a  want  of 
Vigilance,  the  Lieutenant  General  has  to  con- 
gratulate the  Troops  upon  the  Event  which 
followed.  ,  ^ 

Book  errs   in    stating  that  he  rose  to  the  ['B.   R.     "B.   H.     ^E.  J.  201.     *G.  V. 

rank   of    colonel   in    the    army,  as    his  174.     SF.  L.  96,  121.      *F.  H.  26.     7 A. 

highest  regimental  rjnk  was  that  of  cap-  N.  7,  10.     ®B.  R  :   I.  X.  475.] 
tain,  and  his    highest  army  rank   that  of 

major,  there  being  but  three  majors  above  gs.  Simeon  Lord  entered  the  British 
him  on  the  list  at  the  time  ot'  his  death."  army  July  14,  1762,  as  .1  lieutenant  in 
He  was  a  lieut.  colonel  in  the  militia,  the  nth  Foot,  which  was  then  serving 
however,  iiaving  been  an  Inspecting  Field  in  Germany.  As  he  was  an  additional 
Officer  r'or  the  County  of  Bucks.'  He  officer  he  went  upon  half-pay  at  the 
represented  Wallingford  in  the  i6th  peace  of  1763,  but  returned  to  active 
Parliament,  wliich  met  May  18,  1784,  service  April  25,  1766,  as  a  lieutenant 
and  was  .dissolved  June  19,  1790.'  in  the  53d  Foot.  His  regiment  pro- 
He  died  at  his  residence  on  Carmarthen  ceedcd  to  Canada  in  the  spring  of  1776, 
St.,  London,  Jan.  15,  1814',  leaving  a  and  he  took  part  in  Burgoyne's  campaign 
daughter,  Sophia  Elizabeth,  who,  shortly  in  1777.  According  to  the  text  he  be- 
after  her  father's  death,  married  Charles  haved  very  creditably  when  the  Americans 
Spencer  Ricketts,  Esq.,  of  Dorton  House,  endeavoured  to  break  Burgoyne's  corn- 
Bucks,  by  whom  she  had  issue.*  Sir  munications  in  September,  though  taken 
John  Aubrey,  Bart.,  who  was  a  lord  of  a  prisoner.  He  was  advanced  to  be 
the  Admiralty  in  1782,  and  a  lord  of  the  capt. -lieutenant  and  captain,  Oct.  8, 
Treasury  in  1783,  and  "  father  of  the  1777,  and  his  name  appears  in  the  Army 
House  of  Commons  "  in  1826,  was  an  Lists  tor  the  last  time  in  1785.  [B.  H.} 
older  brother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.*  ^    .  ^^ 


324  Hadde7is  Orderly  Be  h* 

The  Enemy  having  twice  summoned  Brigadier 
General  Powel,  and  received  such  answers  as 
became  a  gallant  Officer  intrusted  with  an  im- 
portant Post,  and  having  tried,  during  the  course 
of  four  Days,  several  Attacks,  and  being  repulsed 
in  all,  retreated  without  having  done  any  con- 
siderable damage. 

Brigadier  General  Powel  gives  great  com- 
mendations to  the  Regiment  of  Prince  Frederic, 
and  the  other  Troops  stationed  on  Mount  Inde- 
pendence. The  Brigadier  also  mentions  with 
great  applause  the  Behaviour  of  Captain  Taylor i7« 
of  the  2ist  Regiment,  who  commanded  100 
men  in  the  Fort  of  Ticonderoga,  and  that  he 
was  well  supported  by  Lieutenant  Beacroft  of 
the  24th  Regiment,  who  with  the  Artificers  in 
Arms,  in  the  Half  Moon  Battery,  prevented  the 
Enemy  from  surrounding  the  Fort.  On  the  24th 
Instant  the  Rebels  with  the  Gun  Boats  and  Bat- 
teaux  which  they  had  surprised  at  the  carrying 

gi.     William     Thomas     Taylrr     was  he  accunipanied   his    regiment  to  Canada 

commissioned   as  a  lieutenant  in  the  7 lit  in  the    spring    of    1776    we   have    been 

Foot    Oct.     18,    1761.     This    regiment  unable  to  ascertain,  as    also  what   part  he 

was  previously    t-he   2d    Battalion  of  the  bore    in    Burgcyne's     campaign     further 

32d  Foot,  and   was    reduced  at  the  peace  than  as  the  order    in  the    text  attests  hit 

of   1763,  when  Lieut.  Tayler  went  upon  gallantry  during  the  American   attack  on 

half- pay,   where    he    remained    till   Oct.  Ticonderoga.       This   attack     prevented 

II,  1766  ;    at  which   time  he  was  com-  his  joining  the  main  army,  and  he  thus, 

missioned   a    ist   lieutenant  in  the  21st,  fortunately  for    himself,   escaped   its   un- 

or  Royal  North  British   Fuzileers.     The  happy    fate.        May    19,    1780,    he    ex- 

2i8t  was  in    North    America   from  1766  changed    into    the     92d    Foot,   and    his 

to    1773    when    it    was    ordered    home,  name  appears  in  the   Army   Lists  for  the 

Lieut.  Tayler  was    promoted  to  be  capt.-  last  time  in  1783.      [B.  H  :   G.  V.  17]  : 

lieutenant   Feb.  26,  1773;    but  whether  £.  Z.] 


t 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,         325 

Place  at  Lake  George,  attacked  in  two  Divi- 
sions, Diamond  Island,  where  Captain  Auberry 
and  a  Detachment  of  the  47th  Regiment  were 
posted  with  some  Cannon  and  Gun  Boats :  the 
Rebels  were  repulsed  with  great  Loss,  and  pursued 
by  the  Gun  Boats  to  the  East  Shore,  where  the 
principal  Vessel  and  a  Gun  Boat  were  retaken, 
together  with  all  the  Cannon,  except  two  which 
had  burst;  the  Enemy,  having  had  time  to  set 
fire  to  the  other  Batteaux,  retreated  over  the 
Mountains. 


[A  considerable  portion  of  the  Order  of  October  3d,  1777, 
as  found  in  Lieut.  Hadden's  Orderly  Books,  being  omitted  in 
Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book,  only  so  much  thereof  from  Hadden 
as  is  not  found  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book  is  inserted,  together 
with  the  preceding  and  succeeding  clauses  to  fix  its  position. 
The  Italics  indicate  yhat  is  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book. 
Editor.'] 


[By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne.] 

G.  O.  October  3rd,  1777. 

There  is  reason  to  be  assured  that  other  powerful 
Armies  of  the  King  are  actually  in  co-operation 
with  these  Troops^  and  although  the  present  supply 


326  Haddens  Orderly  Books, 

of  Provisiom  is  atnple^  it  is  highly  desirable  to  be 
preparedi  for  any  continuance  in  the  Field  that  the 
Kings  Service  may  require,  without  the  delay  of 
bringing  forward  Jurther  Stores,  for  these  pur- 
poses gu  the  ration  of  Bread  or  Flour  is  Jor  the 
present  fxed  at  one  Pound. 

The  Lieutenant  General  is  confident  he  shall 
meet  with  universal  and  cheerful  Obedience  to  this 
Order,  and  as  a  testimony  of  his  Attention  to  the 
Spirit  and  good  wi)l  of  the  Troops  upon  all 
occasions,  and  confident  of  his  Majesty's  Grace 
towards  s  ch  merit,  the  Lieutenant  General  will 
take  upon  himself  to  suspend  the  usual  Stop- 
pages during  the  Diminution  of  the  ration,  or 
for  one  Month,  and  the  Soldier  will  be  ac- 
counted with  for  his  whole  pay  during  that  time, 
the  Stoppages  then  to  take  place  again  in  their 
usual  Course. 

With  the  same  Confidence  in  the  King's  Grace, 
the  Lieutenant  General  has  ventured  to  order  the 
Deputy  Pay  Master  General  to  issue  One  Hundred 
and  Sixty  five  Days   Forage  Money  to  the   Officers 

of  the  Army.  .</" 

'  '  '  * . 

gu.     In  Burgoyne's  Orderly   Book  in-  gv.      In  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book  the 
ttead  of  a  comma    after  storei,  there  is  a  next  to  the  last  word  of  this  order  is  tAis, 
semicolon  after  purposes  ;  and  — for  these  instead  of  the,  as  in  the  text. 
purposes — as   in    the   text;     it  reads   in 
Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book — for  those  pur- 
poses.        '  ■•  ' 


H add  en's  Orderly  Books.  327 


[By  Lieutenant  General  Buigoyne. 

G.  O.  Cambridge^  New  England. 

November  12M,  1777. 
The  great  number  of  Soldiers  that  have  been 
permitted  to  flock  to  Town,  has  been  productive 
of  many  irregularities,  and  gives  the  public  a 
bad  impression  of  the  Discipline  of  the  British 
Troops. 

During  the  present  unsettled  state  of  things, 
there  is  to  be  a  Field  Officer  of  the  Day,  who  is 
to  superintend  the  regularity  of  the  Cantonment 
in  all  respects,  but  particularly  with  regard  to 
the  absence  of  men  :  no  Soldier  is  to  be  allowed 
to  go  out  of  the  Barracks  without  a  Pass  signed 
by  the  Field  Officer  of  the  Regiment  he  belongs 
to,  which  Passes  are  to  be  granted  only  from 
Eight  to  Three  o'clock. 

The  Rolls  are  to  be  called  four  times  a  Day, 
at  the  hours  the  Field  Officer  shall  appoint,  and 
a  report  of  all  Absentees  is  to  be  made  to  him. 


[By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne.] 

G.  O.  November  i^th,  ^777' 

It  has  been  reported  to  the  Lieutenant  General 
that   one  or  two  Disputes   have  arisen  between 


328  Haddens  Orderly  Books, 

some  Officers  and  the  Provincials ;  as  this  is  so 
entirely  derogator  to  Order  and  good  Disci- 
pline, the  Lieutenant  General  was  in  hopes  he 
should  not  have  had  occasion  for  any  Complaint 
of  the  kind,  and  Officers  should  consider  that  not 
only  the  private  reputation  of  every  Individual 
suffers  by  such  conduct,  but  that  the  general 
Good  of  the  whole  is  endangered  by  the  incon- 
siderate behaviour  of  any  who  break  the  Rules 
of  Discretion. 

'  The  Lieutenant  General  relies  on  the  Coni- 
manding  Officers  of  Corps  to  prevent  all  possi- 
bility of  any  further  Disputes,  and  should  any 
Officer  in  future  be  guilty  of  any  irregularities 
the  strongest  reprehension  must  be  expected. 


[By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne 
Q  O.  November  i6M,  iJJJ* 

The  Army  is  informed  that  all  possible  means 
are  employed  to  procure  Blanketting,  Mittens, 
and  such  other  necessaries  as  are  essential  to  the 
Health  and  Comfort  of  the  Men  during  the 
Winter. 

The  impossibility  of  procuring  these  Articles 
at  Boston,  at  any  price,  makes  all  Efforts  pre- 
carious and  at  best  tedious. 


Haddens  Orderly  Books,  329 

An  equal  diligence  has  been  used  by  the 
superior  Officers  of  the  Army  to  obtain  a  more 
regular  and  more  ample  delivery  of  Wood,  and 
every  favor  and  preference  has  been  refused  by 
the  Officers  in  general  till  Justice  could  be  done 
to  the  Private  Men. 

Under  these  circumstances  where  the  whole 
Army  are  fellow  suffisrers,  it  is  equally  for  the 
Honor  and  Interest  of  the  Service  that  there 
should  appear  a  general  conformity  of  Patience 
and  Fortitude ;  there  is  the  greatest  reason  to 
believe  that  the  inconveniences  the  Army  have 
suffered  (which  in  some  cases  have  been  una- 
voidable) will  happen   no  more. 

The  Lieutenant  General  is  willing  to  believe 
that  some  of  the  Men  who  have  absented  them- 
selves from  their  Corps,  have  not  meant  finally 
to  desert,  but  have  been  induced  to  seek  Shelter 
from  the  present  Hardships,  by  offering  them- 
selves to  labor  in  the  Country  for  a  limited  time. 

It  will  be  the  duty  of  the  Officers  to  warn 
their  men  against  so  false  a  principle,  and  so 
deceitful  an  expectation,  as  that  they  will  be 
permitted  to  return. 

The  Country  now  abounds  with  examples  of 
Soldiers  with  whom  no  faith    has    been   kept  in 
point  of  Pay,  and  who  receive  but  a  very  scanty 
allowance  of  Provisions  for  very  hard  Labour. 
42 


330         Hadden^  Orderly  Boohs, 

Soldiers  will  also  be  led  to  consider  that  to 
abandon  their  Officers  and  Comrades  in  times  of 
Difficulty  and  Distress  is  to  add  to  the  Treason, 
and  Perjury  of  Desertion,  the  most  unmanly  and 
^^V<r/  deficiency  of  Spirit. 


[By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne.] 

G.  O.  Cambridge,  December  ^th,  1777.    . 

It  is  now  some  days  since  Lieutenant  General 
Burgoyne  had  advice  from  Sir  William  Howe, 
that  Transports  were  preparing  with  all  possi- 
ble diligence  in  the  Delaware,  and  at  New 
York,  to  proceed  to  the  Port  of  Boston,  and  to 
convey  the  Troops  of  this  Army  to  Great  Britain 
in  conformity  to  the  Convention. 

The  Lieutenant  General  takes  this  occasion  to 
give  the  Troops  the  further  satisfactory  Intelli- 
gence that  their  fellow  Soldiers  are  continuing 
the  Campaign  in  the  Southern  Quarter,  with 
unremitting  Spirit,  and  that  in  the  midst  of 
Fatigue  and  Danger,  and  sometimes  scarcity, 
Desertion  in  that  Army  is  almost  unknown. 

He  leaves  to  the  breast  of  every  Soldier  of  the 
Convention,  to  draw  the  dishonorable  Compari- 
son, and  to  consider  what  Answer  can  be  given 
to  the  King,  and  to  the  British  Nation  for  the 


Haddens  Orderly  Books,  331 

unprecedented  Disgrace  into  which  these  Troops 
are  sinking. 

The  numbers  of  unmanly  Cowards,  who  have 
wanted  Fortitude  to  endure  some  temporary  in- 
convenience in  common  with  their  Officers  and 
Comrades,  are  most  justly  punished  in  the  treat- 
ment they  receive  in  the  Country :  instead  of 
Food,  Clothing  and  Encouragement,  they  are 
confined  in  Prisons,  suspected  and  despised. 

Such  as  have  been  drawn  off  from  their  Alle- 
giance by  delusive  hope  of  finding  high  Pay  or 
Preferment  in  the  Provincial  Troops  are  equally 
disappointed,  it  being  a  Law  of  the  Continental 
Congress,  and  it  will  be  fully  enforced  by  their 
Commander  in  Chief,  to  reject  all  Deserters. 

Let  the  wretches  therefore,  of  both  Classes 
above  described,  be  left  to  their  fate  with  the 
Ignominy  upon  their  Memory  their  Conduct 
deserves  ;  but  let  Officers  reflect  how  much  their 
own  Reputation  is  involved  while  this  Evil  con- 
tinues. 

The  Attachment,  Respect,  and  Confidence 
which  a  proper  Intercourse  between  the  Officers 
and  Soldiers  never  fails  to  create  and  to  support, 
does  not  seem  to  exist ;  and  it  is  with  great  Con- 
cern the  Lieutenant  General  finds  it  necessary  to 
insist,  with  the  Commanding  Officers  of  Corps 
that  they  establish  the  most  precise  and  assiduous 
Attention    in    the    visiting    and    inspecting    the 


332  Harden  s  Orderly  Books. 

Barracks  and  Messes  of  the  Men,  and  in  the 
Enquiries  into  the  Manner  in  which  the  men 
pass  their  time  when  out  of  their  sight. 

For  these  purposes  as  many  Officers  as  can 
possibly  be  lodged  in  the  Barracks  without 
danger  to  their  Health,  or  very  unusual  Incon- 
venience, must  for  the  present  constantly  reside 
there,  and  it  is  expected  they  will  cheerfully 
forego  the  prospect  of  any  extension  of  Quarters 
in  Cambridge  that  could  interfere  with  their 
constant  Attendance  while  the  present  exigency 
of  Duty  and  of  Honor  requires  it. 

The  regimental  inspecting  Officers  of  Messes 
are  to  take  care  that  the  proper  proportion  of 
Garden  Stuff  is  purchased  of  the  proper  Com- 
missary, and  nowhere  else,  for  the  respective 
Messes,  and  in  the  proportion  of  three  Days  or 
more  at  a  time,  that  there  may  be  no  pretence 
of  Straggling  from  the  Barracks  for  that  purpose. 

No  Passes  are  to  be  granted  to  private  Men 
upon  any  Account  soever,  but  should  any  par- 
ticular regimental  Purposes  require  Messengers 
to  be  sent  to  Cambridge,  a  return  of  the  number 
is  be  given  to  the  Field  Officer  Commanding,  at 
Eight  o'clock  every  morning,  and  he  is  to  order 
the  whole  to  be  assembled  and  marched  regularly 
by  a  Commissioned  Officer,  with  Non-Commis- 
sioned    Officers   in    proportion,   and    the   Com- 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books,  333 

manding  Officer  is  to   be  responsible  for  taking 
back  the  whole  before  Two  in  the  Afternoon. 

All  Officers  are  required  to  make  Prisoner 
every  man  they  meet  with,  absent  from  the 
Barracks,  to  whatever  Regiment  he  may  belong, 
and  if  they  cannot  conveniently  do  so,  they  are 
at  least  to  take  his  name  in  writing,  and  send  a 
report  to  his  Regiment,  that  he  may  be  brought 
to  Punishment  for  disobedience  of  Orders. 

Any  man  that  is  seen  conversing  with  any  con- 
tinental Soldier,  or  drinking  or  otherwise  keeping 
Company  with  any  people  of  the  Country,  is  to 
be  treated  in  the  same  manner  for  disobedience 
of  Orders. 

The  Soldiers  of  the  Grenadier  Company  of 
the  29th  Regiment  having  represented  that  they 
have  not  been  regularly  accounted  with  since  the 
24th  April  last,  notwithstanding  dutiful  repre- 
sentation made  to  the  Lieutenant  commanding 
the  Company,    and    Major,    Lord    Balcarres  O"' 

gtv.     Alexander  Lindsay,  the  6th  Earl  his  tutelage  the  future  earl  embarked  in 

of  Balcarres,  came  from  an  old  and   dis-  the   Aeolus   frigate   for   Gibraltar.       He 

tinguished  Scotch  lineage.     He  was  born  obtained  a  two  years  leave  of  absence  and 

Jan.  i8,  1751,  and  was  the  eldest  son  of  went  to  Germany  and  studied  at  the  Uni- 

James,  the    5th  Earl  of  Balcarres  in  the  versity  of  Gottingen.     On  his  return  he 

peerage   of  Scotland,   by  his  wife  Anne,  purchased    a    company   in    the    42d,    or 

daughter    of  Sir    Robert   Dalrymple,  of  Royal  Highland  Regiment,  his  captain's 

Castleton,  Knt. ;  succeeding  his  father  in  commission  bearing  date  Jan.  28th,  1771  ; 

the  earldom  in  1768.       He  entered  the  and  with  this  corps  he  remained  attached 

army  July  15th,    1767,  as  an  ensign   in  for  five  years,  commanding  the  grenadiers, 

the  55th  Foot,  then  under  the  command  Dec.    9th,    1775,   he   was   appointed,  by 

of  Lieutenant-Colonel  John   Liijdsay,  a  purchase,    major   of  the  53d   Foot,   then 

warm   friend  of  the   family ;  and   under  stationed  in  Ireland  j  and  the  next  spring 


334  H add  en's  Orderly  Books. 

having  upon  enquiry  into  the  fact,  confirmed  the 
truth    of    the    Representation,    the    Pay-Master 


he  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Canada, 
where  on  the  12th  ot"  June,  1776,  Sir 
Guy  Carleton  appointed  him  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  light  infantry.  He  aided 
in  expelling  the  Americans  from  Canada 
in  1776,  taking  part  in  the  battle  of 
Trois  Rivieres,  and  in  1777  he  com- 
manded the  light  infantry  in  Fraser's 
Brigade  on  Burgoyne's  Expedition. 

At  the  battle  of  Hubbardton,  in  which 
he  bore  a  conspicuous  part,  he  was  slightly 
wounded  in  the  left  thigh,  but  he  had  a 
most  narrow  escape,  as  thirteen  balls 
passed  through  his  clothes,  the  lock  of 
his  fusil  was  shot  off  and  the  barrel 
doubled  together. 

Lord  Balcarres  took  an  active  part  in 
the  engagement  at  Freeman's  Farm,  Sept. 
19th,  and  at  Bemus'  Heights,  Oct.  7th, 
where  he  and  his  command  were  hotly 
engaged.  Lord  Lindsay,  in  his  Lives  of 
the  Lindsays,  gives  the  following  account 
of  the  earl's  conduct  in  the  latter  action. 
"  The  army  being  in  a  most  dangerous 
situation  he  fortified  his  battalion,  with- 
out any  orders,  in  a  very  strong  mannir, 
giving  injunctions  to  his  men  thjt,  in 
great  probability,  their  lives  would  depend 
upon  their  diligence  in  completing  that 
small  work.  The  very  day  it  was  finished 
the  army  marched  to  attack  the  enemy's 
works  and  were  most  completely  defeated. 
•  Gen  Frazer  at  the  head  of  six  battalions 
was  killed,  and  the  rout  was  universal. 
In  thi  situation  did  the  command  de- 
volve on  Lord  Balcarres,  who  having 
gained  his  own  little  work,  brought  his 
light  infantry  about,  and  received  their 
whole  army  j  and  although  repeatedly 
stormed,  and  all  the  neighboring  works 
taken,  they  had  the  good  fortune  to  re- 
pulse them  finally,  and  by  this  success 
the  British  army  was  saved  on  that  day." 
On  Gen.  Fraser's  receiving  a  mortal 
wound  in  this  action  the  Earl  of  Balcarres 


succeeded  to  his  brigade,  and  to  his  regi- 
mental position  as  lieut. -colonel  of  the 
24th  Foot,  his  lordship's  commission 
bearing  date  Oct.  8,  1777. 

He  was  included  in  Purgoyne's  capitu- 
lation, and  was  sent  to  New  York  as  an 
exchanged  prisoner,  but  finding  that  a 
general  exdiange  of  the  whole  army  was 
not  perfected,  as  he  had  expected,  he 
would  not  accept  his  liberty,  "  at  the 
expense,"  as  he  expressed  it  in  his  letter 
to  the  authorities,  "of  the  pleasure  I  feel 
in  sharing  the  unhappy  fate  of  the  regi- 
ment I  have  the  honor  to  command." 
He  therefore  went  to  Cambridge  where 
Burgoyne's  troops  were  then  quartered. 
•'My  regiment,"  wrote  Lord  Balcarres  at 
this  time  to  his  sisters,  "  is  my  family, — 
you  can  all  do  without  me.  The  rebels 
give  me  leave  to  go  home  if  I  please,  but 
1  will  not  accept  a  favour  in  which  all 
my  officers  cannot  equally  benefit,  so  I 
will  remain  with  them."  Lord  Balcarres 
must  have  modified  his  views,  however, 
as  he  arrived  in  London  on  his  parole  of 
honor  Feb.  8,  1779,  and  later  in  that 
year  he  testified  before  the  House  of 
Commons  in  regard  to  the  unfoitunatt 
expedition  in  which  he  had  borne  him- 
self so  gallantly. 

June  I,  1780,  he  married  hit  cousin 
german,  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  by  a 
second  marriage,  and  heiress,  of  Charles 
Ualrymple,  Esq.,  of  North  Berwick,  by 
whom  he  acquired  considerable  estate. 
His  lordship  had  already  succeeded  one 
Gen.  Simon  Fraser;  now,  he  was  des- 
tined to  succeed  another.  O  i  the  death 
of  Lieut.  Gen.  Simon  Fraser  (son  of  Lord 
Lovat  of  '45  tragic  memory)  the  7i8t 
Regt.,  or  Fraser's  Highlanders,  consisting 
of  two  battalions,  was  formed  into  two 
distinct  regiments,  the  7i$t,  and  the  2d 
71st,  and  Lord  Balcarres  was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel    commandant    of  the 


Haddens  Orderly  Books,  335 


General  is  ordered  to  furnish  such  Sums  as  shall 
put  that  Company  upon  a  footing  with  the  rest 


second  yut,  Feb.  13,  1782.  He  received 
the  rank  of  colonel  in  tiie  army,  and  a 
special  commission  to  command  in  Jersey, 
Nov.  20,  1782,  and  he  was  for  one  year 
charged  with  the  correspondence  and  com- 
munications with  the  armies  of /a  y^ndee 
and  lei  CAouans,  in  the  absence  of  Marshal 
Conway,  the  governor.  He  was  first 
elected  one  of  the  sixteen  representative 
peers  for  Scotland  for  the  parliament  that 
met  March  25,  1784;  and  he  was  re- 
elected for  every  parliament  during  the 
remainder  of  his  life,  with  the  exception 
of  the  1 8th  parliament  from  May,  1796 
to  August,  1802. 

He  became  the  colonel  of  the  63d  Foot, 
Aug.  27,  1789,  which  position  he  held 
until  his  death;  and  he  was  advanced  to 
the  rank  of  major-general  Oct.  12,  1793. 
He  continued  on  the  staff  at  Jersey  until 
Oct.  20,  1794,  when  he  was  removed  to 
command  the  forces  at  Jamaica,  being 
also  placed  at  the  head  of  the  civil  ad- 
ministration as  lieutenant-governor ;  and 
he  likewise  had  a  general  military  super- 
intendence over  the  St.  Domingo  districts 
nearest  to  him.  In  the  spring  of  1795 
the  earl,  accompanied  by  his  brother 
Colin,  then  Gen.  J  •..i.'.say,  embarked  for 
his  ni,w  government  in  the  West  Indies. 

Lord  Lindsay  thus  sums  up  his  kins- 
man's West  India  career  : — "  Lord  Bil- 
carres'  able  conduct  and  indefatigable 
exertions  in  suppressing  the  Maroon  re- 
bellion which  broke  out  almost  im- 
mediately after  his  arrival  in  Jamaica 
(exertions  to  which  the  empire  owed  the 
lives  of  every  white  in  the  island  and  the 
preservation  of  seventy  millions  of  British 
capital),  were  acknowledged  by  a  vote  of 
seven  hundred  guineas  for  the  purchase 
of  a  sword,  to  be  presented  to  him  in 
token  of  the  gratitude  of  the  colony.  In 
acknowledg'.ng  it  he  congratulated  the 
Assembly  that  '  during  their  contest  with 


an  enemy  the  most  ferocious  that  ever 
disgraced  the  annals  of  history — an  army 
of  savages,  who  had  indiscriminately 
massacred  every  prisoner  whom  the  fate 
of  war  had  placed  in  their  power — no 
barbarity,  nor  a  single  act  of  retaliation, 
had  sullied  the  brightness  of  their  arms.' 
He  resigned  the  government  in  180 1, 
after  having  held  it  for  nearly  seven  years, 
during  which,  waging  an  incessant  war. 
fare  against  French  revolutionary  aggres- 
sion, and  with  internal  difficulties  to 
contend  with  enough  to  have  disheartened 
any  one  less  confident  in  his  own  re- 
sources, he  saved  Jamaica  a  second  time, 
and  on  quitting  the  island,  was  followed 
to  his  home  by  the  blessings  of  thousands, 
whose  children  still  revere  his  memory." 
The  Earl  of  Balcarres  became  a  lieut.- 
general  Jan.  i,  1798,  and  a  general 
Sept.  25,  1803.  His  West  Indian 
career  was  his  last  active  professional 
duty,  as  an  accident,  by  which  he  was 
lamed  for  life,  incapacitated  him  from  fur- 
ther military  service.  He  resided  until 
his  death,  at  Haigh  Hall,  in  Lancashire, 
his  wife's  inheritance  from  the  ancient 
knightly  family  of  Bradshaigh,  devoting 
himself  to  the  improvement  of  that  prop- 
erty, then  in  a  lamentable  state  of  dilap- 
idation, '  the  mansion  house  being  in 
ruins,  the  furniture  sold,  pursuant  to  the 
will  of  the  last  possessor,  the  mines  of 
coal  and  cannel  forsaken,  the  lands  un- 
drained,  and  every  farm  house  and  fence 
in  the  last  stage  of  decay.'  He  lost  his 
countess  Aug.  10,  18 16,  and  he  him- 
self died  at  Haigh  Hall  March  27th, 
1825,  aged  73.  By  his  wife  he  had 
four  sons  and  two  daughters.  His  eldest 
son  succeeded  to  the  earldom,  and  like- 
wise acquired  the  earldom  of  Crawford, 
so  that  the  title  became  Earl  of  Craw- 
ford and  Balcarres ;  and  soon  after  his 
accession   he  was  created  a  British    peer 


33^^ 


H add  en's  Orderly  Books. 


of  the  Army,  and  the  Accounts  of  the  Company 
are  to  be  immediately  stated  for  the  inspection 
of  Lord  Balcarres  who  will  afterwards  make  his 
report. 

No  reprimand  is  given  upon  this  Occasion,  as 


by  the  title  of  Baron  Wigan. 

The  Earl  of  Balcarres  was  by  no  means 
the  least  distinguished  of  that  brilliant  as- 
semblage of  officers  that  accompanied 
Burgoyne  on  his  American  campaign. 
In  regard  to  the  earl's  character  this  is 
the  testimony  of  his  mother,  written 
during  his  lordship's  early  years.  "  He 
has  without  dispute  the  happiest  and 
most  contented  temper  in  the  world, — 
at  the  same  time  bold  as  a  lion,  and 
ambitious — never  letting  slip  an  opportu- 
nity of  raising  his  family;  but  when  his 
efforts  fail  of  success,  his  natural  good 
temper  reconciles  him  at  once  to  the 
failure,  <>iid  makes  him  find  resources  of 
pleasure  at  home  that  obliterates  it  from 
his  mind."  His  brother  Colin,  after- 
wards General  Lindsay,  who  also  served 
in  America,  wrote  from  Philadelphia,  in 
Feb.,  1778,  to  the  earl,  then  in  captiv- 
ity, in  this  wise.  —  "  You  leave  me  no 
••"'>m  to  wish  you  anything  in  your  pres- 
1;  situatiun,  since  you  must  possess  the 
h» .  rtfelt  satisfaction  of  having  discharged 
yoir  duty  to  your  country  in  a  conspicu- 
ous and  trying  situation  as  completely  as 
the  most  rigid  virtue  could  exact,  and  I 
bnast  the  honour  to  be  your  brother,"  etc. 

On  more  than  one  occasion  during  his 
t  arly  life  Lord  Balcarres  had  reason  to  be 
much  displeased  with  the  ministry  which 
employed  him,  and  he  made  no  secret  of 
it.  An  exclamation  of  Pitt's  during  a 
consultation  at  a  moment  of  great  embar- 
rassment, proves  the  estimation  in  which 
that  statesman  held  his  generous  loyalty. 
*'BaIcarre8  was  out  of  humour  with  us 
when   in  prosperity,   but  staunch    when 


we  were  in  danger  —  that  is  the  man  !  " 
Thio  confidence  was  justified  by  Lord 
Balcarres  going  up  from  Scotland  on 
crutches  with  a  shattered  leg,  to  support 
the  government  in  his  place  in  parlia- 
ment during  the  crisis  in  question.  The 
following  anecdote,  which  is  character- 
istic, whether  true  or  not,  is  to  be  found 
in  Stuart's  Three  Years  in  North  Amer- 
ica, vol.  I,  p.  462.  ''General  Arnold, 
resided  in  England  after  the  war  but  was 
treated  at  various  times  in  a  way,  not 
likely  to  lead  others  to  imitate  his  trea- 
sonable conduct.  He  was  with  the 
king  one  day  when  Lord  Balcarres,  who 
fought  under  General  Burgoyne  in  the 
Saratoga  campaign,  was  presented.  The 
king  introduced  them.  'What  Sire!' 
said  the  Eari,  drawing  up  his  form  and 
retreating,  '  the  traitor  Arnold  ?'  The 
consequence  was  a  challenge  from  Ar- 
nold. Th:y  met,  and  it  was  arranged 
that  the  parties  should  fire  by  signal. 
Arnold  fired,  and  Lord  Balcarres,  turn- 
ing on  his  heel,  was  walking  away,  when 
Arnold  exclaimed,  '  Why  dont  you  fire, 
my  Lord  ?'  '  Sir,  said  Lord  Balcarres, 
looking  over  his  shoulder,  '  1  leave  you 
to  the  executioner  !  '  " 

Finally,  the  earl  sums  up  his  own 
career  in  these  words.  "  The  efforts  of 
my  life,  both  in  my  public  and  private 
pursuits,  have  been  successful ;  we  have 
once  more  reared  our  heads  j  a  hand- 
some competence  has  again  fallen  to  our 
lot, —  and  praised  be  the  Author  of  all 
good  for    it!"      [B.    R  :   D.  K  :   B.  H.: 

F.  E.  8  :  B.    N  :  A.  O.,  140  et  post: 

G.  Z:  H.  K.  134.] 


Hadden^s  Orderly  Books,         337 

Lieutenant  Steele's  9^  wounds  and  ill  Health  for 
a  long  time  prevented  his  attention  to  this  Duty, 
but  for  the  future  it  is  to  be  understood  as  a  stand- 
ing Order  in  all  such  Cases,  with  the  Payment 
as  well  as  every  other  direction  of  the  Company 
devolves  upon  the  senior  Officer  present. 

The  limits  of  the  Parole  having  been  shown 
to  the  Quarter  Masters  of  Regiments  by  the 
Assistant  Quarter  Master  General,  it  is  under- 
stood that  every  Officer  will  make  himself  a 
thorough  Master  of  the  Extent. 


G.  O. 


December  24M,  1777. 


It  has  been  alleged  that  some  Prisoners  of 
War  have  found  their  way  to  the  Barracks,  and 
remain  with  the  Troops  of  the  Convention,  if  so, 
it  is  an  unwarrantable  proceeding,  and  conse- 
quently supposed  to  be  without  the  knowledge 
of  the  Officers. 


gx.  Thomas  Steele  was  cum  missioned 
June  ai,  1769,  as  an  ensign  in  the  29th 
Foo'.  then  in  America,  and  was  pro- 
moted to  a  lieutenancy  Nov.  3,  1773. 
His  regiment  returned  home  in  I774> 
and  two  years  later  went  to  Canada. 
He  was  in  the  grenadier  company  of  the 
a9th,  and  hence  accompanied  Burgoyne 
on  his  expedition,  as  only  the  .ight  com- 
panies of  hii  regiment  went  on  that 
campaign.       He    was    wounded    at    the 

43 


battle  of  Hubbardton  July  7,  1777  ;  and 
after  his  captain,  Lord  Petersham,  was 
detached  as  an  aid  to  Burgoyne,  he  com- 
manded the  company.  He  served 
throughout  Burgoyne's  campaign,  and 
was  included  in  that  officer's  surrender, 
his  name  being  attached  to  the  Cam- 
bridge Parole.  He  appears  in  the  Army 
Lists  for  the  last  time  in  1784.  [B. 
H  :   G.  v.  174  :   E.  Z.] 


338         HadderCs  Orderly  Books, 

The  strictest  Enquiry  therefore  is  to  be  imme- 
diately made,  and  if  any  Prisoners  of  War  are 
with  the  Troops,  their  names  are  to  be  reported 
to  the  General  in  order  to  their  being  delivered  to 
the  Commissary  of  Prisoners,  and  any  Prisoners 
of  War  having  Permits  to  come  to  the  Barracks, 
are  to  be  informed  that  they  must  return  before 
the  expiration  of  their  leave  to  the  place  they 
came  from. 


[By  Lieutenant  General  Burgoyne.] 

G.  (  January  I othy  iyy2,JW    . 

Among   the  Disputes  and  Frays,  which   have 
lately  prevailed,  the  Lieutenant  General  observes 


gy.  This  order  was  issued  by  Gen. 
Burgoyne,  and  was  occasioned  by  a  lettei 
he  received  from  Gen.  Heath,  the  Amer- 
ican commander  at  Cambridge.  The 
original  draft  of  the  letter  in  Heath's 
handwriting,  is  in  the  collection  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Addis  Emmet,  of  New  York, 
and  reads  as  follows  : 


"Sir: 

"It 

inform 


♦'  Head  Quarters,  Boston, 
"Jan'y  ^th  1778., 


is  with  no  Small  Concern  that  I 
your  Excellency  of  the  abusive 
behaviour  of  the  British  Soldiery  towards 
the  Guards  and  Sentrys  at  Prospect  Hill, 
which  has  for  Some  Time  been  Increasing, 
and  has  at  length  arrived  to  a  height  no 
longer  to  be  born.  Sentrys  have  been 
repeatedly  Insulted  on  their  Posts  and  at 
Some  Times  Beat,  and  Disarmed,  (this 
I  must  Confess  reflects  Dishonor  on 
themselves  for  a  Sentry  is  never  to  allow 


himself  to  be  Insulted  or  abused)  Prison- 
ers have  been  frequently  rescued  from  the 
Guard,  and  the  behaviour  of  the  Soldiery 
mutinous  and  Disorderly  in  the  Extreme, 
of  which  there  was  a  most  Singular  In- 
stance the  night  before  last,  a  number  of 
the  Rioters  are  Sent  on  Board  the  Prison 
Ship.  As  your  Excellency  Informed  Me 
Soon  after  your  arrival  that  you  would 
do  all  in  your  Power  to  preserve  order 
among  the  Troops  I  must  Call  upon  you 
Sir,  to  Exert  yourself  for  that  purpose, 
for  if  the  Present  Disorderly  behaviour  of 
so  many  of  the  Soldiery  Continues,  the 
Consequences  will  be  Serious  for  the 
Guards  and  Sentrys  shall  no  longer  be 
Insulted  —  a  most  Scandalous  Practise 
of  Counterfeiting  Passes  has  lately  been 
Detected, — I  must  desire  you  would  En- 
quire into  the  matter,  or  the  Innocent 
will,  unavoida'jly,  suffer  Inconvenience — 
a  Sentry  was  knocked  Down  the  night 
before  last  and  his  Fire  lock  Carried  off. 


HaddetCs  Orderly  Books.         339 

with  infinite  Concern,  there  are  too  many  im- 
putable to  the  Indiscretion  of  our  own  Troops; 
of  this,  the  Attacks  upon  the  Provincial  Sentries, 
and  the  forging  of  Passes,  are  particularly  glaring. 
Upon  the  Principles  of  Rectitude  and  Discipline, 
our  own  Officers  should  be  the  first  to  detect  and 
punish  Offences  of  this  sort,  and  they  will  more- 
over consider  how  greatly,  by  such  examples, 
they  would  strengthen  their  claims  whenever  it 
is  their  part  to  demand  redress  of  Injuries. 

The  Lieutenant  General  makes  known  to  the 
Troops  that  he  is  using  every  possible  means  to 
bring  to  justice  the  Provincial  Officer  who 
wounded  two  men  of  the  9th  Regiment  on 
Thursday  last,  and  they  may  ever  depend  upon 
his  Efforts  to  vindicate  the  Rights  of  British 
Soldiers,  and  their  Allies ;  but  he  cannot  too 
often  call  to  their  reflection,  that  circumstances 
grow  daily  more  critical  and  alarming,  and  the 
times  require  the  most  minute  circumspection  of 
conduct  on  their  part. 

In  order  to  give  further  effect  to  these  Injunc- 

I  expect  that  effectual   Measures  will  be  are   at   some    Distance.      I   have  ordered 

taken  for  the  return  of  the  Firelock  Im-  him   again   to  Complete   thenf   being   ai 

mediately.     I  must  desire  your  attention  anxious  as  your  Excellency  fur  their  ad- 

into  these  matters.  justment. 

"  I   have    this  moment   received   your  "  I  am 

favor    of    yesterday,    I    have    repeatedly  "  Your  Excellency'i 

Directed    the    Commissary   to   state    his  "  most  obt.  servt." 

acco'ts,    he   has    been    Endeavouring    to  Endorsed,  "  To  Gen.  Burgoyne  relative 

Complete  them,  but  has  been  Delayed  on  to  abuses  offered  to   the  Sentries  Jan'y 

•ccount  of  Some   Bills   in   the  Hands  of  9,  1778." 
Some  of  the  Purchasers  of  Cattle  who 


34-0  Hadden's  Orderly  Books, 

tions  the  Lieutenant  General  requires  an  invaria- 
ble Observance  of  the  following  Orders. 

All  Insults,  Indecencies,  or  Improprieties 
offered  to  Officers,  by  any  Provincials  whatsoever, 
are  in  the  present  situation  of  things,  to  be 
esteemed  matters  of  public  Grievance,  and  not  to 
be  compromised  or  accommodated  by  any  private 
Decisions  either  of  resentment  or  apology ;  they 
are  therefore  to  be  reported  as  soon  as  con- 
veniently may  be,  to  the  Adjutant  General,  to- 
gether with  the  Evidence  that  can  prove  the 
Facts. 

In  order  further  to  enforce  Discipline  and 
Regularity,  there  are  to  be  two  general  Parades 
every  week  at  which  all  Officers  and  Soldiers 
are  to  attend:  they  will  be  at  12  o'clock  at 
noon  on  Sundays  and  Thursdays,  the  Weather 
permitting,  otherwise  on  the  first  following  fair 
day  :  these  Parades  are  to  be  exclusive  of  the 
Roll  callings,  and  other  Parades  at  present  estab- 
lished. 

The  Lieutenant  General  is  informed  that 
Orders  are  given  by  General  Heath  to  all  Pro- 
vincial Patroles  and  Guards,  to  make  Prisoners 
all  Non-Commissioned  Officers  and  Soldiers  (ser- 
vants not  excepted)  who  shall  be  found  out  of 
their  own  or  their  Master's  Quarters  between  the 
Hours  of  Sunset  and  Sunrise. 


Hadden's  Orderly  Books.  34.1 

G-  O.  Pi 

February  jth,  1778. 

the^Reld*  Offi?'"^r-''""  ""''^  '°  "»«  General  by 
uie  riejd  Officer  Commandino-  af  fJi,>  r  i 

that  a  Soldier  of  the  nth  p     .   ^  ^^  /^^^  Barracks 

gerousl,  .ab;:I\t'tS^l;^'™a'„^"fr 
provincia  Guard  William  W.:       J  ?^         *  '"* 

Surgeons  of  the  IVmy  ire  orl'dTn  P""'^' 

End  of  Orderly  Books. 


APPENDIX. 

NO.  1. 

Maj.  Gen.  William  Phillips. 

William  Phillips  was  connected  with  the  Royal  Regiment  of 
Artillery  throughout  his  military  career.  Aug.  ist,  1746,  he 
entered  the  Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,  when  a 
mere  boy,  as  a  gentleman  cadet,  and  he  was  commissioned  a 
lieutenant  Hreworker  in  the  Artillery  January  2d,  1747.  He 
was  quarter-master  of  the  First  Battalion  April  ist,  1750,  his 
successor  having  been  appointed  June  i,  1756.  He  became  a 
2d  lieutenant  March  ist,  1755,  and  a  ist  lieutenant  April  ist, 
1756.'  Capt.  Duncan  tells  us  that  Phillips  when  a  ist  lieutenant 
was  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  company  of  Miners,  raised 
in  1756,  for  duty  in  Minorca,  but  which  was  no  longer  required 
after  the  capitulation  of  Port  Mahon.  Instead  of  disbanding 
it,  however,  the  Board  of  Ordnance  converted  it  into  a 
company  of  artillery,  and  added  it  to  the  regiment.  Greatly 
to  the  indignation  of  the  officers  of  a  corps,  whose  promotion 
then,  as  now,  was  by  seniority,  Lieut.  Phillips  was  transferred 
with  the  company,  as  a  captain,  without  having  passed  through 
the  intermediate  grade  of  captain-lieutenant*,  his  captain's  com- 
mission bearing  date  May  12th,  1756.' 


34-4  Appendix  No.  i. 

Capt.  Phillips  commanded  the  three  companies  of  the 
Royal  Artillery  present  at  the  battle  of  Minden,  August  ist, 
1759,  where  he  gained  much  distinction  ;  Prince  Ferdinand 
particularizing  him  in  General  Orders  issued  t:he  day  after  the 
battle  thanking  the  army  for  its  gallantry.  Subsequently,  as  a 
further  proof  of  his  appreciation,  the  prince  directed  a  gratuity 
of  one  thousand  crowns  to  be  presented  to  him.  At  Warberg, 
on  the  30th  of  July,  1760,  Capt.  Phillips  gained  great  credit  by 
the  rapidity  with  which  he  brought  the  artillery  into  action  and 
the  efficiency  with  which  he  handled  it.  He  commanded  No. 
5  Company  of  the  ist  Battalion,  which,  after  a  long  and  glorious 
service,  became,  on  July  1st,  1859,  "  7  "  Battery,  14th  Brigade. 
January  ist,  i860,  it  was  rechristened  and  became  *' 4  "  Bat- 
tery, 13th  Brigade,  and  such  it  still  remains.' 

After  the  war  Capt.  Phillips  was  stationed  at  the  regimental 
headquarters  at  Woolwich,  and  he  was  the  first  to  originate  a 
band  in  the  Royal  Artillery — not  a  permanent  one,  however, 
as  the  existing  band  dates  only  as  far  back  as  177  f«  when  the 
4th  Battalion  was  formed,  and  with  it  the  nucleus  of  what  has 
developed  into  one  of  the  best  military  bands  in  the  world." 
Capt.  Phillips  became  a  lieut. -colonel  in  the  army  August  15th, 
1760  ;  lieut. -governor  of  Windsor  in  1768  ;  a  colonel  in  the 
army  May  25,  1772  ;  and  a  major-general  in  America  only, 
January  1st,  1776.'  He  was  likewise  a  member  of  the  parlia- 
ment which  met  November  29th,  1774,  and  was  dissolved  July 
8th,  1780,  being  one  of  the  two  members  from  Boroughbridge.* 

Having  received  an  appointment  on  the  American  staff  he 
embarked  with  Gen.  Burgoyne  on  the  man-of-war  Blonde  for 
Quebec,  where  he  arrived  the  latter  part  of  May,  1776.     Gen. 


Appendix  No.  i.  345 

Phillips  had  command  at  St.  John's  from  July  to  December, 
1776,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Montreal';  and  the  following 
letter  from  him  to  Gen.  Riedesel,  in  Dr.  Thomas  Addis 
Emmet's  collection,  affords  us  a  pleasant  glimpse  of  some  of 
the  festivities  that  helped  to  while  away  the  winter. 

'*  Montreal,  January  the  ^th,  1777. 
"  My  dear  General : 

"  There  will  be  a  publick  Ball  given  on  the  13th  instant  in 
honour  of  her  Majesty's  Birth  day.  It  would  add  very  con- 
siderably to  the  pleasure  and  honour  of  the  day  if  you  were  to 
be  present. — I  dare  not  presume  to  expect  you  will  take  so 
long  a  journey  but  should  you  be  enclined  I  shall  be  very 
happy — I  set  out  on  the  15th  for  Quebec  to  attend  the  com- 
mands of  our  Commander, — 

"  I  hope  you  are  perfectly  well  and  am, 

*'  My  dear  General,  with  most  sincere  respect 
and  regard, 

"  Your  faithfull  Servant, 

"W.  Phillips. 
"Major  General  Redesel." 

In  the  spring  of  1777,  Sir  Guy  Carleton  appointed  him 
second  in  command  to  Burgoyne,  in  the  following  appreciative 
letter. 

"  HEAOqUARTERS,    QuEBEC, 

"  Sth  Jpril,  lyjj. 

"  Sir  :  My  dispatches  from  the  Secretary  of  State  inform  me 
that  it  is   His  Majesty's  pleasure  I   should   remain  in  Canada } 

44  / 


346  Appendix  No.  i. 

and  that  I  should  detach  Lieut.-Gen.  Burgoyne  with  a  certain 
part  of  the  army,  which  is  so  particularly  detailed  that  nothing 
is  left  to  me  but  the  seeing  these  commands  put  into  execution, 
and,  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  illness  of  Gen.  Burgoyne,  the 
naming  of  his  successor.  As  it  is  my  intention  to  provide 
everything  for  this  detachment  with  the  same  care  and  attention 
to  the  good  of  the  service  as  if  I  was  to  command  it  myself,  I 
shall  propose  that  you  accompany  Gen.  Burgoyne,  and  doubt 
not  he  will  be  happy  in  the  thought  of  having  such  able 
assistance,  while  I  can  only  express  my  sorrow  at  not  having 
it  in  my  power  to  testify  to  you,  by  a  greater  mark,  the  high 
sense  I  entertain  of  the  zeal  and  activity  with  which  you  have 
constantly  executed  the  orders  which  occasions  have  required 
my  giving  you,  as  well  as  of  the  obligations  I  am  under  to  you 
for  the  great  trouble  which  you  have  so  cheerfully  taken  upon 
you  in  the  management  of  our  public  works,  which  by  your 
diligence  I  have  the  satisfaction  of  finding  in  such  forward- 
ness as  that  the  expedition  under  Gen.  Burgoyne  will  be  able 
to  proceed  without  delay."' 

Gen.  Burgoyne  bore  testimony  to  Gen.  Phillips*  zeal  in 
preparing  for  the  then  approaching  campaign  of  1777,  in  this 
wise,  in  a  letter  to  Lord  George  Germaine.  '*It  is  a  duty  in 
this  place,"  wrote  Burgoyne,  *^  to  do  some  justice  to  the  zeal 
and  activity  of  Major  General  Phillips . .  .  ,  and  having  men- 
tioned that  most  valuable  officer,  I  trust  it  cannoj  be  thought  a 
digression  to  add,  that  it  is  to  his  judicious  arrangements  and 
indefatigable  pains  during  the  general  superintendency  of  prep- 
aration, which  Sir  Guy  Carleton  entrusted  to  him  in  the 
winter  and  spring,  that  the  service  is  indebted  for  its  present 
forwardness.    The   prevalence  of  contrary   winds  and   other 


Appendix  No.  i.  347 

accidents  having  rendered  it  impossible  for  any  necessaries 
prepared  in  England  for  the  opening  of  the  campaign,  yet  to 
reach  the  camp."' 

As  second  in  command  to  Burgoyne,  in  1777,  General 
Phillips  bore  a  prominent  part ;  and  his  skill  and  energy  as  an 
artillery  officer  are  illustrated  by  his  locating  a  battery  on  Sugar 
Loaf  Hill,  despite  the  natural  obstacles,  and  thus  commanding 
Fort  Ticonderoga  and  forcing  its  evacuation  without  a  battle. 
**  Major-General  Phillips,"  wrote  Burgoyne  after  the  battle  of 
Freeman's  Farm,  September  19th,  1777,  '*  upon  first  hearing 
the  firing  found  his  way  through  a  difficult  part  of  the  woods  to 
the  scene  of  action,  and  brought  up  with  him  Major  Williams 
and  four  pieces  of  artillery,  and  from  that  moment  I  stood  in- 
debted to  that  gallant  and  judicious  second,  for  incessant  and 
most  material  services,  particularly  for  restoring  the  action  in  a 
point  which  was  critically  pressed  by  a  great  superiority  of  fire, 
and  to  which  he  led  up  the  20th  regiment  at  the  utmost  personal 
hazard."'  Referring  to  the  gloomy  period  after  the  battle  of 
Bemus*  Heights,  October  7th,  1777,  when  the  doom  of  the 
British  army  seemed  well  nigh  sealed,  the  Lieutenant  General 
says  : — **  It  is  a  justice  to  Major  General  Phillips,  to  inform 
your  Lordship,  that  when  the  crisis  of  our  situation  at  Saratoga 
arrived,  he  very  handsomely  offered  to  hazard  his  person  by 
making  a  circuit  through  the  woods,  and  attempt  to  throw  him- 
self into  Ticonderoga,  to  defend  that  place,  should  it  be  the 
object  of  the  enemy  to  endeavour  the  retaking  it."*  During 
the  year  1777,  this  officer  was  promoted  to  be  a  major  in  the 
artillery,  April  25th,  and  a  major-general  in  the  armv,  August 
2qth.*.» 


348  Appendix  No,  1 . 

After  Burgoyne's  return  to  England,  in  the  spring  of  1778, 
the  command  of  the  convention  troops  devolved  upon  General 
Phillips,  and  two  letters  (in  the  editor's  possession),  written  at 
this  time,  one  from  General  Heath,  the  American  commander, 
to  Phillips,  and  the  other  from  Phillips  to  Heath,  show  General 
Phillips'  attention  to  duty,  and  give  us  glimpses  of  the  character 
of  the  man.     Heath's  letter  is  as  follows. 

"  Hbad  Quarters,  Boston, 
«  April  19/A,  1778. 
♦»Sir:  Your  favour  of  the    17th  &    i8th  Came  safe  to 
hand,  and  should  have    been  sooner   answered  had   it  been 
in  my  Power,  no  one  can  be  more  Inclined  to  preserve  good 
humour  &  good  order  than   I  am  and  I  am  fully  satisfied  with 
your  Intentions  to  promote  them  also.     The  appointment  of 
Major  Brown   to  act  as  Town    Major  was   not  designed  to 
give   umbrage,    it  was   rather   a  Temporary  appointment   by 
necessity,  Capt.  Lyman  being  Called  upon  to  Joyn  his  Corps, 
no  abuses  offered  to  the  officers  will  be  Countenanced  by  me 
but  will  ever  meet  with  rebuke  &  Punishment.     However  in 
Justice  to  Major  Brown  I  must  say  thatjl  have  ever  found  him 
ambitious  to  do  his  Duty,  and  to  Deserve  the  character  of  a 
good  officer.     His  former  situation  and  some  other  Circum- 
stances may  have  rendered  him  disagreeable  to  the  officers,  and 
I  shall  give  the  matter  a  proper  Consideration. 

«'  The  matter  Complained  of  in  your  last  Letter  I  hope  is 
redressed.  It  was  occasioned  by  the  arrival  of  a  Colo.  Armand, 
and  a  number  of  French  officers  of  his  Corps  from  the  South- 
ward, one  of  whom  I  believe  opened  a  Rendezvous  at  Water- 


Appendix  No.  i.  349 

town.  But  I  Immediately  broke  it  up  and  strictly  forbid  the 
Colo.  Inlisting  either  German  or  British  Troops  of  the  Con- 
vention or  Prisoners  or  Deserters.  But  the  Arts  and  Decep- 
tions made  use  of  by  your  People,  by  .dressing  themselves  in 
uilors  &  peasants  habit  and  by  the  most  solemn  Protestations 
of  having  no  Connections  with  the  army  are  Constantly  Im- 
posing upon  the  recruiting  officers,  to  their  great  Embarrassment. 
"  I  am  Sir 

"  Your  Ob't  Serv't 

"  W.  HiATH. 

"  M.  Gbn'l  Phillips." 

The  next  letter  is  from  Phillips  to  Heath,  and  is  as  follows. 

"Cambridge,  2ix/  Junt^  177S. 

"  Sir  :  I  have  received  your  letter  upon  the  Subject  of 
Accompts,  dated  from  Boston  June  20th,  1778.  Mr.  Leonard 
the  British  Commissary  from  Rhode  Island  in  delivering  to  me 
the  certified  and  signed  Accompts  of  Mr.  Richardson  your 
Commissary  General,  made  no  mention  of  any  further  Pay- 
ment than  what  is  expressed  in  that  signed  Accompt  and  it  was 
impossible  for  me  to  conceive  that  any  further  charge  remained. 
But  I  am  willing,  Sir,  to  have  it  examined,  and  Mr.  Commissary 
General  Clarke  shall,  whenever  you  will  please  to  permit  it, 
meet  any  Person  from  you,  in  order  to  know  what  this  new 
charge  may  be,  and  report  it  to  me  :  And  the  Amount  being 
finally  settled,  Mr.  Clarke  shall  have  Authority  from  me  to 
receive  the  Ballance  from  you. 

**  In  the  agreement  made  between  you  and  Major  General 
Pigot,  or  in  that  made  by  your  aid-de-camp  and  Commissary 


350  Appendix  No.  i. 

General  with  Major  Morrison,  whereby  a  Deposit  of  a  Sum  of 
Money  was  left  in  your  hands  to  discharge  the  deficiencies  in 
the  delivery  of  Provisions,  it  was  stipulated  that  such  Ballance 
as  might  remain  in  favour  of  the  British  Government  after  the 
Provisions  were  certified  to  be  received,  should  be  paid  imme- 
diately into  my  Hands.  In  this  case  I  am  no  other  way  a  Prin- 
cipal than  relates  tc  receiving  the  Money  of  the  Deposit,  and 
as  it  was  necessary  I  should  Report  upon  it  to  General  Pigot 
the  immediate  demand  of  Payment  need  not  appear  extraor- 
dinary. 

"  The  Accounts  of  Supplies  for  the  Troops  of  the  Conven- 
tion, for  the  last  three  Months,  I  have  before  informed  you 
should  be  liquidated  as  soon  as  possible  after  you  please  to  send 
them— and  you  may  recollect,  I  oflPered  some  time  since  to  send 
with  your  permission,  an  officer  directly  to  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
with  the  Accounts  to  prevent  delay— I  apprehend  you  have  had 
no  reason  to  complain  of  the  correctness  or  willingness  of  Lieu- 
tenant General  Burgoyne  in  settling  your  Accounts— You  may 
depend  on  the  same  punctuality  on  my  part. 

"British  Officers  are  and  the  British  Government  is  ex- 
tremely nice  and  pointed  in  what  regards  private  Bargains  or 
publick  Treaties  —  private  Trust  or  Publick  Faith. 

"  I  am  Sir, 
"  Your  most  obedient,  humble  Servant 

"  W.  Phillips 

♦♦  Major  General  Heath." 

Some  of  General  Phillips'  correspondence  with  General 
Heath,  however,  as  well  as  Ensign  Anburey's  testimony  in  his 
Travels,  reveal  the  disagreeable  fact  that  the  general  possessed 


Appendix  No.  i.  351 

a  highly  choleric  temper.  June  17,  1778,  Lieutenant  Richard 
Brown  of  the  21st  Regiment,  in  company  with  two  women  in 
a  chaise,  attempted  to  drive  past  the  line  of  American  sentries  ; 
and  though  he  knew  it  was  against  positive  orders,  and  was 
warned  of  the  consequences  of  persisting,  he,  neverthelesa, 
continued  his  efforts,  and  consequently  was  shot  by  the  sentry 
on  duty,  and  died  the  same  night ;  whereupon  General  Phillips 
addressed  General  Heath  this  letter. 

"  Cambridgt^  June  17,  1778. 

"  Murder  and  death  has  at  length  taken  place.  An  officer 
riding  out  from  the  barracks  on  Prospect  Hill,  has  been  shot  by 
an  American  centinel.  I  leave  the  horrors  inciuent  to  that 
bloody  disposition,  which  has  joined  itself  to  rebellion  in  these 
Colonies,  to  the  feelings  of  all  Europe.  I  do  not  ask  for 
justice,  for  I  believe  every  principle  of  it  is  fled  from  this 
Province. 

*^  I  demand  liberty  to  send  an  officer  to  Gen.  Sir  Henry 
Clinton,  by  way  of  the  head-quarters  of  Gen.  Washington, 
with  my  report  of  this  murder. 

"  W.  Phillips,  Maj.  Gen.  . 

"  Maj.  Gen.  Heath." 

The  next  day,  Phillips  thus  wrote  to  Heath  in  regard  to 
the  body  of  the  deceased  lieutenant : — *'  If  it  is  to  be  allowed 
Christian  burial,  I  would  wish  to  deposit  it  in  the  vault  ap- 
propriated for  strangers,  in  the  Protestant  church  at  Cam- 
bridge. '*'  *  *  As  I  am  totally  ignorant  to  whom  it  may 
be  necessary  to  apply  for  leave  to  open  the  church,  it  obliges 
me  to  give  you   this   trouble ;    and  I  hope,  if  permission  is 


352  Appendix  No,  i. 

granted,  that  it  may  be  done  so  fully,  as  will  prevent  the 
sanguinary  people  of  this  country  from  insulting  and  treating 
with  indignity  the  dead  body  of  the  unfortunate  officer,  who, 
in  their  rage,  revengeful  tempers,  and  barbarity,  they  have  put 
CO  death." 

General  Heath  took  exception  to  this  language  as  reflecting 
upon  the  honor  and  dignity  of  the  United  States,  and  con- 
fined Phillips  to  the  limits  of  his  house,  gardens  and  yard,  and 
to  the  direct  road  from  his  quarters  to  the  quarters  of  the  troops 
of  the  convention  on  Prospect  and  Winter  Hills  ;  "  expecting 
from  you,"  wrote  Heath  to  him,  "  a  parole,  for  propriety  of 
conduct  within  those  limits  ;  which  if  you  refuse,  I  shall  be 
under  the  necessity  of  ordering  you  to  narrower  limits,  until 
I  can  obtain  the  pleasure  of  the  Honorable  the  Congress 
touching  the  matter,  to  whom  I  shall  transmit  your  letter,  and 
crave  their  directions." 

General  Phillips  refused  to  sign  the  parole,  and  General 
Heath,  in  his  Memoirs,  after  detailing  the  correspondence,  thus 
gives  the  sequel  of  the  affair :  **  The  whole  of  the  foregoing 
correspondence  was  published  by  order  of  Congress ;  and  our 
General  was  informed  that  it  was  left  for  him  to  conduct  to- 
wards the  British  General,  as  to  the  continuance  of  his  arrest, 
as  he  might  judge  the  honour  of  the  United  States  required. 
Gen.  Phillips  continuing  to  exhibit  the  same  temper,  or  it 
rather  growing  upon  him,  he  was  continued  in  his  arrest,  un- 
til the  troops  of  the  Convention  were  ordered  to  be  removed 
to  Charlotteville  in  Virginia."*" 

The  relations  of  Gen.  Phillips  with  Gen.  Heath  were  not 
characteristic  of  those  of  all  the  generals  of  the  Convention 


Appendix  No,  i.  353 

troops  with  the  American  commander,  as  indicated  by  the 
following  letter  from  the  collection  of  Dr.  Thomas  Addis 
Emmet. 

"Cambridge,  May  i^th^  1778. 

"Sir. 

"Major  Hopkins,  Dept.  Quar.  Mast'r  General,  has  informed 
me,  that  you  intended  doing  me  the  Honor  of  a  visit  at  Cam- 
bridge. Give  me  leave  to  assure  you  that  I  shall  be  very  happy 
in  seeing  you  at  my  House,  and  beg  that  you  will  favor  me 
with  your  Company  at  Dinner,  on  any  Day  which  you  will  be 
so  good  as  to  fix. 

"  I  have  the  Honor  to  be  with  Esteem 

«  Sir, 
"  Your  most  obed't 

"  humble  Serv't 

"  RiEDESEL. 

"  The  Hon'ble 

"Maj.  Gen'l  Heath, 

"  Boston." 

General  Phillips  appeared  to  better  advantage  in  captivity  in 
Virginia  than  he  did  in  Massachusetts.  Burgoyne's  troops 
were  quartered  only  a  few  miles  from  Monticello,  the  home 
of  Thomas  Jefferson,  and  the  relations  between  him  and 
them  were  highly  courteous.  They  had  not  been  settled 
there  many  months  before  the  governor,  Patrick  Henry,  was 
urged  to  have  them  moved  to  some  other  part  of  the  country, 
on  the  plea  that  the  provisions  they  consumed  were  necessary 
for  the  American  troops  ;  and  the  order  for  removal  was  about 
45 


354  Appendix  No,  i. 

to  be  issued  when  prevented  by  the  earnest  protest  of  Jeffer- 
son ;  which  interest  in  their  behalf  called  forth  the  warmest 
expressions  of  gratitude  from  the  British  and  German  officers. 

The  hospitalities  of  her  house  were  gracefully  and  cordially 
tendered  to  these  unfortunate  strangers  by  Mrs  Jeffrrson ; 
and  her  husband  threw  open  his  library  to  them  whence  they 
got  books  to  while  away  the  tedium  of  their  captivity.  When 
General  Phillips  wrote  his  thanks  to  Jefferson  for  his  generous 
kindness,  we  find  the  latter  replying  as  follows  :  "  The  great 
cause  which  divides  our  countries  is  not  to  be  decided  by  in- 
dividual animosities.  The  harmony  of  private  societies  cannot 
weaken  national  efforts.  To  contribute  by  neighbourly  inter- 
course and  attention  to  make  others  happy,  is  the  shortest 
and  surest  way  of  being  happy  ourselves.  As  these  sentiments 
seem  to  have  directed  your  conduct,  we  should  be  as  unwise 
as  illiberal,  were  we  not  to  preserve  the  same  temper  of  mind." 
The  pleasant  reciprocity  of  courtesies  is  also  shown  by  a  little 
note  that  has  come  down  to  us,  addressed  by  Phillips  to  Jefl^er- 
son,  August  12,  1779.  *'The  British  officers,"  says  the 
writer,  '*  intend  to  perform  a  play  next  Saturday  at  the 
Barracks.  I  shall  be  extremely  happy  to  have  the  honor  to 
attend  you  and  Mrs.  Jefferson  in  my  Box  at  the  Theatre  should 
you  or  that  lady  be  inclined  to  go."" 

General  Phillips  was  allowed  to  go  to  New  York  and  reside 
on  parole,  in  November,  '779,  nearly  a  year  before  his  ex- 
change"; and  he  received  his  last  promotion,  that  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  Artillery,  July  6th,  1780.'.'  He  was  finally  ex- 
changed for  General  Lincoln,  then  recently  captured  by  the 
British  at  Charleston  \  and  he  wrote  from  New  York  under 


Appendix  No,  i.  355 

date  of  October  31st,  >7^o,  to  Lord  George  Germaine  as 
follows :  ^^  Major  General  de  Riedesel  and  myself  were  ex- 
changed on  the  25th  Instant,  as  you  will  perceive,  my  Lord, 
by  the  inclosed  Copies  of  the  Certificates  of  our  Exchanges. 
The  Commander  in  Chief  has  been  pleased  to  put  me  in 
Orders  to  serve  with  this  Army. 

**  Sir  Henry  Clinton  having  directed  me  to  transmit  to  your 
Lordship  a  Report  of  the  present  Transaction  relative  to 
Exchanies,  I  take  great  Pleasure  in  having  the  Honor  of  com- 
municating it  to  your  Lordship:  This  Gratification  arises  as 
well  from  my  own  personal  Feelings  individually  upon  this 
happy  Occasion,  as  from  the  general  Satisfaction  a  Completion 
of  this  humane  Business  must  diffuse  in  the  Minds  of  those  of 
his  Majesty's  Officers  who  will  be  released  from  their 
Captivity. 

"Sir  Henry  Clinton  has  judged  proper  to  direct,  that  the 
Troops  of  Convention  be  still  considered  as  under  my  Orders  ; 
and  that  all  Reports  concerning  their  Situation  should  be  sent 
to  me,  in  order  to  be  laid  before  his  Excellency  as  usual.  I 
take  the  Liberty  of  inclosing  a  Copy  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton's 
Letter  to  me,  containing  his  Commands  upon  this  Subject  : 
I  shall  continue  to  pursue  their  Interests  and  Welfare  with  the 
same  unwearied  Zeal  I  have  ever  done. 


ti 


I  beg  Leave  to  repeat  to  you,  my  Lord,  the  high  and 
grateful  Sense  I  entertain  of  the  many  Favours  conferred  by 
your  Lordship' upon  me  and  the  Troops  of  Convention.  The 
kind  Protection  and  Solicitude  your  Lordship  has  constantly 
manifested,  both  to  me  personally,  and  to  those  Troops  in 
general,  Claim  our  best  Acknowledgments  and  warmest  Thanks. 


356  Appendix  No.  i. 


t( 


entreat  you  will,  my  Lord,  represent  me  to  the  King 
under  the  most  perfect  Attachment  to  his  Royal  Person  and 
Government,  as  one  whose  Heart  is  replete  with  Gratitude 
for  his  Majesty's  most  gracious  Expressions  of  Approbation  of 
my  Conduct,  and  entirely  devoted  to  his  Majesty's  Service."'^ 

It  is  evident  that  the  writer  of  this  letter  shared  none  of  the 
bitterness  of  his  former  chief  against  the  British  ministry. 
Indeed,  the  testimony  of  Phillips  and  that  of  Burgoyne,  in 
regard  to  the  government's  treatment  of  the  Convention 
officers,  seem  to  be  of  a  diametrically  opposite  character. 

The  German  General  Riedesel  wrote  from  New  York, 
under  date  of  November  lO,  1780,  a?  follows: — "General 
Phillips,  after  his  exchange^  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
grenadiers,  the  light  infantry  and  the  42d  British  regiment. 
This  is  the  elite  corps  of  the  army.     He  is  full  of  joy,"  &c.'« 

Campbell,  in  his  History  of  Virginia  (p.  169)  in  writing  of 
Phillips,  says,  ^'  he  was  an  accomplished  and  able  officer,  but 
proud  and  passionate Exasperated  by  a  tedious  cap- 
tivity, upon  his  exchange  he  had  been  indulged  by  Sir  Henry 
Clinton  in  a  desire  to  invade  Virginia  and  wreak  his  vengeance 
on  a  province  where  he  had  been  so  long  detained,  (unjustly, 
as  he  not  without  some  reason  believed,)  a  prisoner  of  war." 
He  sailed  for  Virginia  with  about  2000  men,  March  20th,  1781, 
ciFected  a  junction  at  Portsmouth  with  General  Benedict 
Arnold,  then  wearing  a  British  uniform,  March  27th,  and 
being  the  ranking  officer  at  once  assumed  command  of  the 
combined  force.  He  ^left  Portsmouth,  April  iSth,  marched 
via  Burwell's  Ferry  to  Williamsburg,  thence  to  Barrett's 
ferry  near  the  Chickahominy,  and  embarked  for  City  Point, 


Appendix  No,  i.  357 

whence  he  was  to  proceed  by  land  to  Petersburg  and  effect  a 
junction  with  Lord  Cornwallis,  who  was  marching  northward. 
General  Phillips  met  with  no  substantial  resistance  and  easily 
carried  out  his  plans,  committing  great  ravages  and  destroying 
much  property  on  his  route.  Lieut. -Colonel  Simcoe  in  his 
Journal  details  these  operations  ;  and  General  Phillips'  orders 
show  great  observance  of  drill  and  discipline.  Colonel  Simcoe 
says  that,  at  Barrett's  Ferry,  "  General  Phillips  gave  out  the 
strictest  orders  to  prevent  privateers,  the  bane  and  disgrace  of 
the  country  which  employs  them,  from  preceding  the  fleet, 
and  being  found  upon  any  rivers  marauding  or  plundering."'^ 

Arnold,  who  remained  with  Pnillips  as  second  in  command, 
wrote  to  Sir  Henry  Clinton  from  Petersburg,  under  date  of 
May  12,  1 781,  as  follows  : — "I  am  extremely  sorry  to  inform 
your  Excellency  that  Major-Gener.il  Phillips  is  reduced  so  low 
by  a  Fever,  which  seized  him  on  the  2d  instant,  that  he  is 
incapable  of  Business,  and  the  Physicians  are  not  without  Fears 
for  his  safety."  On  the  2d  of  May,  the  British  army  was  at 
Bermuda  Hundreds  opposite  City  Point.  Arnold  gives  a  detail 
of  each  days's  proceedings,  and  says,  under  date  of  May  8th, 
*'  Remained  at  Brandon.  Major  General  Phillips  being  very 
ill,  and  unable  to  travel  on  Horseback,  a  Post-Chaise  was  pro- 
cured for  him."  Towards  the  close  of  his  letter  Arnold 
adds :  *'  Major-General  Phillips  is  so  weak  and  low,  that  it 
will  be  some  considerable  Time  before  he  can  go  through  the 
Fatigue  of  Business.'"' 

We  have  often  wondered  with  what  feelings  Phillips 
regarded  Arnold  on  the  Virginia  expedition,  as  during  the 
former's    last    previous    active  service    he    had    been    directly 


358  Appendix  No,  1. 

opposed  to  the  latter ;  and  to  Arnold,  perhaps,  as  much  as  to 
any  other  one  man,  Phillips  owed  his  captivity.  Though 
American  sources  of  information  as  to  this  feeling  should  be 
received  with  very  great  distrust,  yet  the  following  from  a 
letter  written  by  Charles  Thomson,  Secretary  of  the  Con- 
tinental Congress,  to  John  Jay,  while  minister  at  Madrid, 
dated  Philadelphia,  July  11,1781,  possesses  in  a  manner  and 
to  a  limited  extent,  some  probability.  The  writer  says,  in  The 
Thomson  Papers,  to  be  found  in  the  New  York  Historical 
Society's  Publication  Fund  Scries,  vol.  xi,  p,  49, — "Clinton, 
flattered  with  the  success  his  arms  had  met  with  in  Virginia, 
and  sensible  how  much  weight  the  eclat  of  invading  that  state 
would  give  to  the  measures  of  administration  in  England  at  the 
openin2  of  the  new  Parliament,  sent  Major  General  Phillips 
with  large  reinforcements  to  take  the  command.  If  we  may 
credit  reports,  the  two  Generals  were  not  very  agreeable  to 
each  other.  Arnold  now  saw  that  he  lost  the  opportunity  of 
enriching  himself  by  plunder  and  the  emoluments  of  command. 
And  Phillips  held  in  the  utmost  Contempt  the  abilities  and 
character  of  the  traitor.  Thty  continued  some  time  together 
and  advanced  from  Portsmouth  to  Petersburgh,  where  Phillips 
was  suddenly  taken  ill  and  in  two  or  three  days  expired. 
Various  reports  were  circulated  respecting  his  death,  some 
attributing  it  to  a  fever,  others  to  poison  administered  by 
Arnold,  on  whom  by  this  event  the  command  again  devolved. 
However  that  might  be,  it  is  pretty  certain  that  no  good 
understanding  now  subsisted  between  Arnold  &  his  troops. 
The  officers  who  came  with  Phillips,  and  especially  those  of 
his  family,  bore  with  reluctance  the  command  of  Arnold  ;  and 
it  is  not  improbable  that  this  might  have  proved  very  advanta- 


Appendix  No.  i.  359 

geous  to  us,  had   not  Cornwallis  in   that  critical  moment  come 
up  and  assumed  the  command." 

General  Phillips  made  his  headquarters  in  Petersburg  at  the 
residence  of  Mrs.  Boiling,  called  Bollingbrook,  where  he  died 
May  1 3. '7  Lafayette  appeared  on  the  heights  opposite 
Petersburg,  May  loth,  and  cannonaded  the  British  quarters. 
The  British  General  Graham,  then  captain-lieutenant  of  the 
76th  Highlanders,  which  formed  a  part  of  Phillips'  force,  says 
Lafayette  directed  "his  fire  principally  against  Mrs.  Boland's 
house  in  which  the  general  lay  dangerously  ill.  A  cannon  ball 
passed  through  his  bed  chamber,  but  no  further  damage  was 
done  than  killing  a  black  woman,  a  slave  of  Mrs.  Boland's."*' 
Campbell,  in  his  History  of  Virginia,  states  that  General 
Phillips'  quarters  were  so  exposed  during  this  cannonading  that 
he  was  removed  into  the  cellar  for  safety.  He  lies  buried  in 
the  old  Blandford  church-yard  in  Petersburg. 

The  character  of  General  Phillips,  from  the  American 
stand-point,  is  not  altogether  flattering.  The  relations  between 
him  and  Thomas  JetFcrson,  we  have  seen,  were  very  cordial 
and  polite  while  the  former  was  a  prisoner,  but  their  oflicial 
relations,  when  Phillips  came  to  invade  Virginia,  were  of  a  far 
different  character,  as  shown  by  a  letter  from  Jefferson,  then 
Governor  of  the  Commonwealth,  to  the  Virginia  delegates  in 
Congress,  dated  May  loth,  1781,  in  which  he  charged  Phillips 
with  "  rudeness ;"  and,  fioni  his  personal  knowledge,  styled 
the  British  general  "  the  proudest  man  of  the  proudest  nation 
on  earth."  Governor  Jefferson  concluded  his  letter  in  regard 
to  Phillips  with  this  sentence  : —  "  I  would  further  observe  to 
you,  that  this  gentleman's  letters  to  the  Baron  Steuben  tir^t, 
and  afterwards  to  the  Marquis  Fayette,  have  been  in  a  style  so 


360  Appendix  No,  i. 

intolerably  insolent  and  haughty,  that  both  these  gentlemen 
have  been  obliged  to  inform  him  that  if  he  thinks  proper  to 
address  them  again  in  the  same  spirit,  all  intercourse  shall 
be  discontinued. '"9 

In  pleasant  contrast  with  the  above  is  the  following  incident 
told  by  '  jen.  (then  Captain-Lieutenant)  Graham,  in  regard  to 
General  Phillips  during  his  Virginia  expedition.  *'  While  a 
British  column,"  says  Graham,  '*  was  crossing  a  road  which  ran 
into  the  main  one,  two  carriages,  each  with  four  horses  and  out- 
riders, happened  to  come  in  contact  with  it ;  a  gentleman 
jumped  out  of  the  leading  carriage,  and,  mounting  an  outrider's 
horse,  dashed  into  the  woods  ;  a  shot  or  two  were  fired  after 
him  by  the  troops,  but  he  escaped.  A  lady  remained  in  the 
carriage,  seemingly  much  agitated.  The  carriages  were  detained 
until  the  arrival  of  the  General.  When  the  General  came  up 
he  immediately  recognized  the  lady,  having  become  acquainted 
with  her  when  detained  as  a  prisoner  of  war  on  parole  in  this 
part  of  the  country.  On  asking  her  who  the  gentleman  was, 
she  replied  :  '  He  is  my  husband  ;  we  are  just  married.'  The 
General  said  :  '  It  was  foolish  in  him  to  run  the  risk  he  did  by 
trying  to  escape,  for  it  was  not  possible  that  he  could  long  do  so.' 
'  And  if  you  get  him,'  she  said,  'what  will  be  done  to  him  ?' 
*  Madam,'  said  the  General,  'he  shall  be  sent  immediately  back 
to  you,  that  you  may  enjoy  the  honeymoon.'  As  soon  as  the 
column  had  passed,  the  carriages  were  allowed  to  proceed,  not 
a  horse  being  touched,  although  our  artillery  horses  had  not 
recovered  from  the  effects  of  the  sea-voyage."*" 

Whatever  may  be  the   American  view  of  General   Phillips  * 
character,  the  British  estimate  of  it  is  very  high. 


Appendix  No,  2. 


361 


Captain  Duncan,  in  his  History  of  the  Royal  Artillery,  calls 
him  "  as  brave  and  honourable  a  soldier  as  ever  served  in  the 
regiment ;"  and  thus  concludes  in  regard  to  him  : — "  From  the 
glorious  day  at  Minden  his  professional  career  of  more  than  one 
and  twenty  years  had  been  one  of  credit  to  his  corps,  honour 
to  himself,  and  usefulness  to  his  country.  He  had  been  thir- 
teen years  in  the  Regiment  before  the  battle  of  Minden,  so 
that  his  total  service  when  he  died,  exceeded  thirty-four  years. 
He  was  beloved  by  all  who  served  with  him,  and  was  a  model 
for  artillerymen  to  imitate,  in  gallantry,  ability,  and  progress.** 
[•G.  U.  «C.  Z.  207-214.  3B.  H.  *A.  M.  sF.  C.  128. 
«F.  B.  470.  7B.  N.  app.  16.  8B.  N.  app.  48.  'B.  N.  app. 
54.  "F.  P.  P.  166,  169, 175,  176,  177  :  H.  J.  194.  "K.  B. 
50,53:  G.  O.  154-162:  L.  33.  "K.  N.  201.  'JH.  N. 
530.  "^K.  N.  208.  'sL.  B.  129-146.  '"H.  O.  601.  ''B.  V. 
•F.  Y.  247.     ''G.  O.  221.] 


NO.  2.  • 

Capt.  Thomas  Blomefield. 

Thomas  Blomefield  was  born  at  Milton,  in  Kent,  June  16, 
1744';  and  was  the  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Blomefield, 
A.  M.,  rector,  as  well  as  patron,  of  Hartley  and  Chalk,  both  in 
Kent,  and  chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Dorset,  by  his  second  wife, 
Mary,  daughter  of  John  Matthews,  and  widow  of  William 
Branch.".'  Being  originally  intended  for  the  navy,  young 
Blomefield  was  sent  to  sea  in  the  Cambridge,  commanded  by 
46 


362  Appendix  No,  2. 

his  father's  intimate  friend,  Sir  Piercy  Brett ;  hut  the  boy's  own 
inclination  was  towards  the  army,  so  his  father  procured  his  ad- 
mission to  the  Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich,'  which 
he  entered  as  a  gentleman  cadet  Feb.  9,  1758.*  His  conduct 
and  abilities  there  soon  attracted  the  notice  of  the  celebrated 
Muller,  then  professor  of  Artillery  and  Fortification,  who  ever 
after  entertained  for  him  a  strong  friendship  and  regard. 3  In  the 
unusually  short  period  of  less  than  eleven  months  he  obtained 
a  commission  in  the  ist  Battalion  of  the  Royal  Artillery  as  a 
lieutenant  fire-worker,  Jan.  i,  1759;  *.' and  soon  after,  when 
only  fifteen  years  old,  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  a 
bomb  vessel  at  the  bombardment  of  Havre  de  Grace  under 
Admiral  Rodney.  Subsequently  in  the  same  year  he  joined  the 
fleet  in  Quiberon  Bay  under  Sir  Edwanl  Hawke,  engaged  in 
blockading  the  French  force  under  M.  de  Conflans.3  He  was 
promoted  to  a  2d  lieutenancy  in  the  Artillery  Aug.  i,  1762;* 
•went  the  same  year  to  the  West  Indies  with  Admiral  Rodney, 
and  was  at  the  capture  of  Martinique  and  the  Havannah ;  and 
subsequently  of  Pensacola  and  Mobile.^  May  28,  1766,  he 
became  a  ist  lieut.  in  the  2d  Battalion,^  and  in  1771  he  was 
fortunate  enough  to  be  introduced  to  the  notice  of  Gen,  Con- 
way, then  Master  General  of  the  Ordnance,  who  appointed  Jjim 
one  of  his  aids,  and  received  him  into  his  family  upon  terms  of 
parental  kindness. ^  Jan.  29,  1773,  he  was  advanced  to  a  cap- 
tain-lieutenancy in  the  3d  Battalion,5  and  upon  Lord  Towns- 
hend's  succeeding  to  be  Master  General,  Blomefield  became 
an  aid  to  that  nobleman.  In  the  spring  of  1776  he  em- 
barked with  his  company  for  Canada,  though  his  position  as 
aid-de-camp  would,  according  to  the  established  usages  of  the 
army,  have  exempted  him  from  the  necessity  of  leaving  Eng- 


Appendix  No.  2.  363 


land.     June  3d,  1776,  immediately  upon  his  arrival  in  Canada, 
he  was  appointed  major  of  briu;ade  to  Major   General  Phillips.* 

In  a  letter  written  about  this  time  by  him  to  a  near  relative 
at  home,  he  says  : — "  General  Phillips  took  the  earliest  oppor- 
tunity after  my  arrival  of  appointing  me  Major  of  Brigade,  a 
post  exceedingly  eligible  in  my  situation,  as  it  puts  it  in  my 
power  to  render  myself  useful,  though  at  the  expense  of  my 
ease,  which  in  my  case  I  do  not  in  the  least  regret ;  for  had  that 
been  my  object,  I  might  have  possibly  remained  at  home.  I 
am  happily  attached  to  a  very  genteel,  intelligent,  active  man, 
and  as  every  detail  of  the  service  passes  through  my  inspection, 
and  my  duty  is  my  first  and  sole  object  in  coming  over,  I  am 
rather  to  be  envied  than  not  ;  for  however  captivating  a  town 
life  may  be  to  many,  I  declare  I  feci  greater  pleasure  in  the 
bustle  of  a  camp  than  in  the  dull  round  in  which  I  should  have 
been  involved  -,  and  which  nothing  but  the  society  of  those  I 
esteem  could  give  a  relish  to."  Upon  his  arrival  in  Canada  he 
was  employed  in  constructing  floating  batteries  which  he  had 
planned  before  he  left  England.  When  the  army  went  into 
winter  quarters  he  returned  to  England,  bearing  with  him  to 
Lord  Townshend,  the  Master  General  of  the  Ordnance,  a 
most  flattering  letter  from  Gen.  Phillips,  in  which  the  writer 
referred  to  the  "  great  advantage  derived  from  his  "  [Capt» 
Bh.mefield's]  "  knowledge  in  his  profession,"  and  expressed 
the  hope  that  his  Lordship  would  permit  the  captain  to  return 
to  Canada  in  the  spring.  "1  think,"  wrote  Gen.  Phillips, 
''  his  own  honour  is  concerned  in  his  doing  so,  but  a  still  more 
material  reason  may  be  given,  that  the  King's  service  will 
suffer  by  his  absence.  "3 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1777  Capt.  Blomefield  again  sailed  to 
Canada,  taking  with  him  a  gun  and  carriage   calculated  for  the 


364  Appendix  No.  2. 

double  purpose  of  land  and  water  service,  and  which  he  had 
constructed  during  the  winter  at  the  particular  desire  of 
Sir  Guy  Carleton  and  Gen.  Burgoyne.3  He  joined  Bur- 
goyne's  army  at  Ticondcroga  July  23,'  and  took  an  active  part 
in  the  campaign,  acting  as  major  of  brigade  to  Gen.  Phillips 
until  that  officer  issued  his  order  of  Sept.  14,  1777,  of  which  the 
following  is  an  extract ;—  "  Capt.  Blonjefield,  Major  of  Brigade, 
having  desired  in  the  present  want  of  Captains  to  do  his  Duty 
in  the  Park,  the  Major  General  allows  of  it,  and  he  will  be 
ordered  to  such  parts  of  the  Artillery  occasionally  as  may  most 
require  it :  he  is  therefore  to  make  himself  acquainted  with  the 
Right  and  Centre  Divisions  in  order  that  he  may  be  posted  to 
either  of  them  when  ordered."^  At  the  battle  of  Bemus' 
Heights,  Oct.  7,  Capt.  Blomefield  was  wounded,  and  Sergeant 
Lamb  in  his  Journal  of  the  American  War  thus  writes : 
"Captain  Blomefield  of  the  artillery,  received  a  woup.d  which 
was  very  remarkable,  a  shut  passing  through  both  cheeks, 
without  hurting  the  inside  of  his  mouth. "9  Notwithstanding 
Sergeant  Lamb  sometimes  acted  as  an  assistant  to  the  surgeons, 
Madame  Riedesel's  account  of  Capt.  Blomefield's  wound  is 
much  the  most  probable.  She  says  in  her  Letters  and  Journals, 
page  132, — "One  day  I  undertook  the  care  of  Major 
Plumpfield "  [Blomefield],  "  adjutant  of  General  Phillips, 
through  both  of  whose  cheeks  a  small  musket  ball  had  passed, 
shattering  his  teeth  and  grazing  his  tongue.  He  could  hold 
nothing  whatever  in  his  mouth.  The  matter  from  the  wound 
almost  choked  him,  and  he  was  unable  to  take  any  other 
nourishment,  except  a  little  broth,  or  something  liquid.  We 
had  Rhine  wine.  I  gave  him  a  bottle  of  it,  in  hopes  that  the 
acidity  of  the  wine  would  cleanse  his  wound.     He  kept  some 


Appendix  No,  2.  365 


continually  in  his  mouth ;  and  that  alone  acted  so  beneficially 
that  he  became  cured,  and  I  again  acquired  one  more 
friend."  He  was  included  in  the  Saratoga  Convention  and 
signed  the  Cambridge  Parole.  In  the  spring  of  1779  he 
returned  to  England  and  resumed  his  duties  as  aid-de-camp  to 
Lord  Townshend,  who,  in  the  following  year,  appointed  him 
Inspector  of  Artillery  and  or  the  Br?^ss  Foundery,^  his  com- 
mission bearing  date  March  5,  1780.^  This  position  he  held 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life,  and  to  his  efforts  and  ability 
are  due  many  and  great  improvements  wrought  in  the  construc- 
tion of  ordnance. 3 

He  became  a  captain  in  tl  e  Royal  Artillery  Jan.  19,  1780  ; 
and  until  1785,  his  was  No.  8  Company,  1st  Battalion,  now 
*' A  "  Battery,  nth  Brigade;  after  that  he  was  transferred  to 
No.  3  Company,  ist  Battalion,  now  **  7 "  Battery,  2d  Bri- 
gade. "^  He  became  a  major  in  the  army  March  19,  1783,  in 
the  artillery  Sept  25,  1793,  a  lieut  colonel  Dec  5,  1793,  a 
colonel  in  the  army  Jan.  26,  1797,  in  the  artillery  Nov.  12, 
1800,  and  a  major  general  Sept,  25,  1803.  On  the  formation 
of  the  9th  Battalion  of  the  Royal  Artillery  Gen.  Blomefield 
was  appointed  its  colonel  commandant,  his  commission  bearing 
date  June  i,  i8o6.5.«  His  last  and  most  important  service  was 
at  the  siege  of  Copenhagen  in  1803,  the  command  of  the 
artillery  destined  for  that  service,  having  been  conferred  on  him 
July  28ih  in  that  year.  For  his  share  of  the  complete  success 
that  crowned  that  expedition  he  received  the  thanks  of  both 
Houses  of  Parliament  and  a  baronetcy  ;  his  creation  as  a  baro- 
net dating  from  Nov.  3,  1807."  Burke,  however,  says  the 
date  of  his  creation  as  a  baronet  was  Nov.  14,  1807.  He 
attained   the  rank   of  lieut.-general  July    25,    1810;'   and   he 


366  Appendix  No.  2. 

died  after  an  illness  of  only  three  days  at  Shooter's  Hill,  in 
Kent,  Aug.  24,  1822,  in  the  79th  year  of  his  age.3  By  his  wife, 
Elizabeth,  whom  he  married  July  27,  1788,  and  who  was  the 
second  daughter  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  JEardley  Wilmot, 
Knt.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  he  left  an  only  son, 
who  succeeded  him  in  the  baronetcy.' 

Capt.  Duncan's  History  of  the  Royal  Artillery  contains  this 
summing  up  of  the  character  of  Sir  Thomas  Blomefield  :  **  He 
was  a  good  mathematician,  an  excellent  chemise,  and  most 
laborious  in  experiments  in  gunnery.  His  private  character  is 
thus  described  by  one  who  knew  him  intimately  : — *  There 
was  no  display  of  his  merits  shown  in  his  manner ;  all  his 
duties  and  improvements  were  silently  and  unassumingly 
carried  on,  with  a  natural  reserve  and  undeviating  correctness, 
so  that  it  was  only  the  close  observer  who  could  duly  appre- 
ciate his  value.  His  being  generally  and  greatly  esteemed 
arose  as  much  from  his  being  the  perfect  gentleman  as  from  the 
ingenuous  turn  of  his  mind,  for  there  was  no  glare  or  obtrusive 
view,  but  rather  a  strong  desire  to  improve  the  service  with  as 
litjle  parade  as  possible'.""  ['I  Y.  834.  »B  R.  sfi  P.  370 
<5  U.  5B.  H.  «F.  E.  4.  'B  N.  67.  «E.  Z.  ^G.  V.  180 
~C  Z.  177,  174.     "D  A.  158-167.] 


Appendix  No.  3.  367 


NO.  3. 

Lord  Viscount  Petersham, 
The  third  Earl  of  Harrington. 
Lord  Petersham,  achieved  a  brilliant  career.  Among  the 
dignities,  honors  and  offices  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
were  the  following :  —  third  Earl  of  Harrington,  Viscount 
Petersham  and  Baron  Harrington;  a  Knight  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Illustrious  Guelphic  Order  ;  a  Knight  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Bath  ;  a  Privy  Councillor  of  England  and  Ireland  ;  a 
General  in  the  army  ;  Colonel  of  the  First  Regiment  of  Life 
Guards ;  Captain,  Governor  and  Constable  of  Windsor 
Castle ;  a  member  of  the  Consolidated  Board  of  General 
Officers  ;  a  Commissioner  of  the  Royal  Military  College', 
&c.,  &c. 

Charles  Stanhope  sprung  from  a  distinguished  line.  He 
was  a  kinsman  of  the  celebrated  Philip  Dormer  Stanhope,  3d 
Earl  of  Chesterfield,  having  been  descended  from  a  half-brother 
of  the  first  earl.  His  grandfather,  the  first  Earl  of  Harrington, 
was  a  general  in  the  army,  and  held  many  important  civil  and 
military  positions,  having  been  entrusted  with  several  embassies 
to  different  courts,  and  having  been  Lord  President  of  the 
Council.  His  father  was  likewise  a  general  in  the  army,  and 
both  f^ither  and  grandfather  were  colonels  of  the  2d  Troop  of 
Horse  Grenadier  Guards.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  William 
Stanhope,  2d  Earl  of  Harrington,  by  his  wife,  Caroline  Fitzroy, 
eldest  daughter   of  the   2d   Duke  of  Grafton,  and   was  born 


368  Appendix  No.  3. 

March  17,  1753.  On  his  mother's  side  he  was  the  eleventh 
in  lineal  descent  from  George,  Duke  of  Clarence,  brother  of 
King  Edward  IV.«.  3 

Like  several  of  his  ancestors  the  subject  of  this  sketch  en- 
tered the  military  profession.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  became 
an  ensign  in  the  Second,  or  Coldstream  Foot  Guards,  his  com-  ■ 
mission  bearing  date  Nov.  13,  1769,  his  rank  in  the  army 
being  that  of  a  lieutenant.  He  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in 
the  29th  Foot  July  26,  1773s  but  did  not  join  that  organization 
until  its  return  from  America  at  the  close  of  that  year,  when 
he  was  appointed  to  the  light  company. 

In  1774  Lord  Petersham  was  returned  to  Parliament  just 
before  its  dissolution,  on  a  vacancy  for  the  borough  of  Thet- 
ford.'  In  December,  1776,  a  new  writ  was  ordered  for 
Westminster  upon  the  elevation  of  Lord  Percy  to  the  Duke- 
dom of  Northumberland,  and  Lord  Petersham  was  elected  to 
the  vacancy,  and  continued  to  represent  Westminster  till  his 
own  elevation  to  the  upper  house  in  1779,  upon  the  death  of 
his  father.5 

Early  in  1776  his  lordship  exchanged  the  light  company  for 
the  grenadiers  of  the  29th',  and  in  February  of  that  year  the 
regiment  embarked  at  Chatham  for  Quebec,  Lord  Petersham 
with  the  grenadiers  being  on  board  the  man  of  war  Isis, 
which,  however,  did  not  sail  from  Spithead  till  the  nth  of 
March.  The  Isis  arrived  in  the  bason  of  Quebec  May  6th, 
and  was  the  first  troop  ship  to  reach  Canada  from  England 
that  year.  Upon  the  day  of  its  arrival  the  grenadiers  of  the 
29th  landed,  and,  with  the  troops  of  the  garrison  and  the  ma- 
rines of  the  ships  of  war,  advanced  against  the  Americans  on 


Appendix  No.  3.  369 

the  Heights  of  Abraham  and  compelled  them  to  abandon  the 
investment  of  Qiiebcc.  Lord  Petersham  served  through  1776 
in  Canada,  and  the  next  year  under  Burgoyne ;  acting  from 
July  12,  1777,  as  a  supernumeryaid-de-camp  to  that  unfortunate 
general.  He  was  included  in  the  surrender  at  Saratoga,  but 
escaped  captivity,  as  he  was  entrusted  with  despatches  to  Lord 
George  Germaine,  authorized  under  the  articles  of  capitulation. 
He  arrived  in  London,  D;c.  24,  1777*,  and  testified  before  the 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  in  1779,  in  regard  to 
Burgoyne's  disastrous  campaign. ^  Jan.  16,  1778,  he  purchased 
a  captaincy  in  the  3d  Foot  Guards,  which  gave  him  the  rank 
of  a  lieut. -colonel  in  the  army.'.  ♦ 

By  the  death  of  his  father,  April  i,  1779,  he  became  Earl 
of  Harrington,  and  on  the  23d  of  the  following  May,  he  mar- 
ried Jane,  daughter  and  co  heir  of  Sir  John  Fleming,  Bart.,  of 
Brompton  Park. 

The  next  year,  letters  of  service  were  issued  to  raise  a 
number  of  new  regiments,  one  of  which,  the  85th,  was  given 
to  his  lordship',  who  soon  completed  it  to  upwards  of  1000 
men",  and,  accompanied  by  his  countess,  shortly  after  embarked 
for  Jamaica'  with  it  as  lieut. -colonel  commanding,  his  com- 
mission bearing  date  Aug  30,  1779*  On  his  arrival  at 
Jamaica  the  Earl  of  Harrington  was  made  an  acting  brigadier, 
with  the  command  of  the  flank  companies  of  all  the  regiments', 
though  the  London  Chronicle  tells  us  that  his  commission  as  a 
brigadier-general  was  not  signed  till  Sept.  5,  1 781.9  Xhe 
tropical  climate  of  the  West  Indies  wrought  great  havoc  in  the 
85th,  and,  within  a  few  months  after  its  arrival  at  Jamaica, 
nine-tenths  of  the  regiment  died  or   became   unfit   for  duty.** 

47 


370  Appendix  No.  3. 

The  remainder,  after  drafting  such  of  the  men  as  were  fit 
for  service  into  other  regiments,  was  ordered  home  and 
embarked  on  board  the  ill  fated  Ville  de  Paris,  though 
fortunately  its  commander  and  a  number  of  officers  did  not 
accompany  it.  The  carl's  health  having  become  impaired,  he, 
with  his  countess,  returned  to  England,  where  he  arrived  June 
19,   1781." 

Nov.  20,  1782,  he  was  appointed  an  aid-de-camp  to  the 
king,  which  gave  him  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  army ; 
and  March  12,  1783,  he  became  the  colonel  of  the  65th  Foot, 
which  regiment  he  accompanied  to  Ireland  ;  but  when  it  was 
ordered  to  America  in  1785  his  lordship  obtained  his  majesty's 
permission  to  return  to  England."  Jan.  28,  1788,  he  became 
the  colonel  of  the  29th  Foot<,  then  just  returned  from  America. 
In  the  summer  of  1792,  a  camp  was  formed  on  Bagshot  Heath, 
and  the  first  of  the  two  brigades  into  which  the  infantry  was 
divided,  was  commanded  by  Lord  Harrington."  Dec.  5,  1792, 
the  king  evinced  a  further  proof  of  his  regard  for  his  lordship 
by  appointing  him  colonel  of  the  ist  Regiment  of  Life  Guards, 
and  he  became  a  major-general  Oct.  12,  1793.*  During  the 
campaigns  of  the  Duke  of  York  in  Flanders,  the  Earl  of  Har- 
rington was  sent  on  a  private  mission  to  the  duke,  and 
remained  with  him  for  a  short  time,"  He  became  a  lieut.- 
general  Jan.  i,  1798';  and  he  was  employed  as  second  in 
command  of  the  London  Staff,  his  Royal  Highness,  Field 
Marshal,  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  being  first.  Oct.  24,  1798, 
he  was  appointed  a  privy  councillor'*,  and  Sept.  12,  1803,  a 
general  in  the  army.*  In  the  latter  part  of  1805  he  was 
employed  as  Ambassador  Extraordinary  to  the  Emperor  of 
Germany,  and,  early  in  the  next  year,  to  the  King  of  Prussia.'* 


Appendix  No,  3.  371 


Later  in  1806  he  was  sent  to  Ireland  as  commandc-in  chief 
of  the  forces  in  that  part  of  the  empire,  of  which  hi$  grand- 
father had  twice  been  viceroy,  viz.  in  1747,  and  1749.  March 
17,  1812,  his  lordship  was  appointed  governor  ot  Windsor 
Castle  on  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Cardigan  ;  and  he  was  the 
same  year  succeeded  in  the  chief  command  in  Ireland  by  the 
Earl  of  Hopetoun.  At  the  coronation  of  George  IV,  in  1821, 
the  Earl  of  Harrington  was  the  bearer  of  the  Great  Standard  of 
England.  His  Lordship  died  at  Brighton  Sept.  14th,  1829, 
aged  76  years,  and  he  was  buried  at  Elvaston,  the  family  seat 
in  Derbyshire,  where  a  monument  by  Canova  has  been  erected 
to  his  memory. 

By  his  countess,  who  was  a  conspicuous  lady  in  court 
circles,  being  a  great  favorite  of  Queen  Charlotte,  and  who 
died  Feb.  3,  1824,  the  Earl  of  Harrington  had  eight  sons  and 
three  daughters.  His  eldest  son  succeeded  to  the  earldom  and 
obtained  the  rank  of  major-general  in  the  army.  Several  of  his 
other  sons  likewise  entered  the  military  service  and  obtained 
high  rank. 

That  the  Earl  of  Harrington  was  an  accomplished  soldier 
there  can  be  no  question.  His  skill  as  a  tactician  was  great, 
and,  when  he  was  with  the  65th,  General  Sir  David  Dundas, 
then  adjutant  general  of  the  army  in  Ireland,  wishing  to  bring 
forward  the  system  of  tactics  afterwards  adopted  in  the  army,  the 
Earl  of  Harrington,  who  approved  highly  of  it,  at  once  tried  it  in 
his  regiment,  and  so  demonstrated  its  utility  that  it  was  introduced 
into  other  regiments,  and  Bnally  in  June,  1792,  it  was,  by  his 
majesty's  orders,  directed  to  be  implicitly  fallowed  by  every 
regiment  in  the  service.' 


372  appendix  No.  3. 

Unlike  many  officers  of  hio;h  social  rank  in  the  British  army, 
his  lordship  seemed  to  cultivate  the  acquaintance,  and  to  enjoy 
the  fellowship  of  those  under  his  command.  Anburey,  who 
served  for  a  while  in  the  grenadier  company  of  the  29th,  which, 
he  writes  "  I  am  proud  in  saying  is  commanded  by  Lord  Peter- 
sham," thus  refers  to  the  Earl  of  Harrington  in  the  Dedication 
of  his  Travels  : — "  Having  had  the  honor  to  serve  under  your 
Lordship,  it  was  my  fortune,  in  common  with  all  who  were  in 
the  same  situation,  to  become  attached  to  your  Lordship  by 
personal  obligations.  *  *  *  Examples  of  bravery,  though 
none  can  be  more  conspicuous  than  those  your  Lordship 
shewed,  abound  in  every  class  of  a  British  army  :  more  rare, 
though  not  less  worthy  of  imitation,  is  the  sort  of  attachment 
your  Lordship  has  always  shewn  to  your  corps.  It  has  been 
your  praise,  my  Lord,  when  out  of  the  field,  to  forego  the 
pleasures  which  high  rank,  fortune,  youth  and  accomplishments 
opened  to  your  view,  and  to  brave  the  severity  of  climate, 
through  tedious  winters,  in  mere  military  fellowship.  In 
retired  quarters,  you  found  the  care  of  your  men  to  be  at  once 
the  true  preparation  for  your  country's  service,  and  a  most 
gratifying  enjoyment  to  your  own  benevolence  :  while  on  their 
parts,  they  considered  their  leader  as  their  best  friend  and  bene- 
factor." ['E.  r.  365:  L.S.  24-27:  T.I  21.  »B.  R.  \VI.H. 
261.  *B.  H.  »A.  N.  150.  «H.  H.614.  'B.  N.  48.  »H.  L. 
187.    9H.  P.  234.  '°H.  H.  624.     "H.  O.  585.     '^F  O.] 


Appendix  No,  4.  373 


NO.  4. 

Sir  William  Howe. 

Sir  William  Howe  was  the  fourth  son  of  Emanuel  Scrope,  id 
Viscount  Howe,  by  his  wife,  Mary  Sophia  Charlotte,  eldest 
daughter,  according  to  Burke,  of  the  Hanoverian  Baron  K.il- 
mansegge,  Master  of  the  Horse  to  George  I,  as  Elector  of  Han- 
over. Sir  William's  mother,  it  is  said,  was  an  illegitimate 
daughter  of  George  I,  by  his  mistress,  the  Hanoverian  Baroness 
Kilmansegge,  and  consequently  first  cousin  once  removed  of 
George  HI  ;  a  fact  which  doubtless  explained  the  reason  of 
much  promotion  that  merit,  certainly,  did  not  warrant.  Sir, 
William's  eldest  brother  was  George  Augustus,  3d  Viscount 
Howe,  who  fell  so  bravely  at  Ticonderoga,  July  6,  1758, 
while  commanding  a  brigade  ;  and  his  next  older  brother  was 
Richard,  Admiral  Lord  Howe,  4th  Viscount,  who  won  such  a 
signal  naval  victory  over  the  French. 

Sir  William  was  born  Aug.  10,  1729,  and  was  educated  at 
Eton  ;  but  being  intended  for  a  military  life  he  was  taken  from 
that  seminary  very  young  and  was  presented  with  his  fiist  com- 
mission by  the  Duke  of  Cumberland,  who  gave  him  a  cor.ietcy 
in  his  own  regiment  of  light  dragoons,  in  which  he  was  promoted 
to  a  lieutenancy  Sept  21,  1747.  This  regiment  was  disbanded 
in  1749,  shortly  after  the  conclusion  of  the  treaty  of  Aix  la 
Chapelle,  but  he  was  promoted  on  ]m\t  ist,  1750,  to  a  cap- 
taincy in  the  20th  Foot ;  and  on  the  4th  of  January,  1 756,  to  be 


374-         *       Appendix  No.  4..  .^ 

major  in  the  6oth  Foot,  which  regiment  was  afterwards  renum. 
bered  as  the  58th.  He  became  the  lieut-colonel  of  his  regi- 
ment Dec.  17,  1757,  and  a  colonel  in  America  only,  Jan.  27, 
1758.  He  served  in  the  expedition  against  Louisbourg  in  1758  ; 
and  in  1759  he  commanded  the  light  infantry  under  Wolfe  at 
the  capture  of  Quebec.  In  1761  he  was  one  of  the  brigadiers 
in  the  expedition  against  Belieisle  on  the  coast  of  France,  and 
in  1762  he  was  the  adjutant-general  of  the  army  operating 
against  Havana.  He  became  a  colonel  in  the  army  Feb.  19, 
1762;  the  colonel  of  the  46th  Foot,  Nov.  21,  1764;  lieut- 
governor  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  in  1768  ;  and  a  major-general 
May  25, 1772.  t 

Embarking  at  Portsmouth,  Gen.  Howe,  together  with  Gens. 
Clinton  and  Burgoyne,  left  England  for  Boston,  April  20, 
1775,  in  the  Cerberus  frigate  of  28  guns,  arriving  at  his  desti- 
nation May  25th.  The  Cerberus  became  somewhat  celebrated 
for  its  freight  of  unsuccessful  generals ;  and  among  the  nume- 
rous squibs  hit  off  upon  it,  this  was  one  of  the  most  clever  : — 

"  Behold  the  Cerberus  the  Atlantic  plough, 

*'  Her  precious  cargo,  Burgoyne,  Clinton,  Howe, 

*'  Bow,  wow,  wow." 

Gen.  Howe  became  the  colonel  of  the  23d  Foot,  or  Royal 
Welch  Fuzileers,  May  11,  1775,  and  the  next  month  he  com- 
manded the  British  troops  in  their  memorable  assault  on  Bun- 
ker Hill,  where  he  displayed  more  personal  bravery  than  sol- 
dierly skill.  He  succeeded  Gen.  Gage  in  the  chief  command 
of  the  troops  in  America  in  Oct.,  1775.  "  The  evacuation  of 
Boston,"  he  tells  us,  "  was  the  first  material  occurrence  after 
my  appointment  to  the  command  of  his  Majesty's  forces  in 
North  America.     On  the  9th  of  Nov.,   1775,  I  received  the 


...i 


Appendix  No,  4.  375 

Secretary  of  State's  order  dated  the  5th  of  September,  to 
abandon  that  town  before  winter,  and  to  move  the  army  to 
New  York,  or  to  some  other  place  to  the  southward;  mv  own 
reasons,  indeed,  against  opening  the  campaign  from  Boston, 
had  been  in  the  meantime  generally  set  forth  in  a  letter  to  his 
lordship  of  the  9th  of  October.  The  late  arrival  of  the  order 
and  the  deficiency  ot  transport  tonnage,  rendered  the  removal 
of  the  troops  impracticable  till  the  17th  of  March  following, 
when  I  embarked  with  about  6000  rank  and  file  fit  for  duty, 
and  about  goo  sick."  Gen.  Howe  became  a  general  in 
America  only,  Jan.  i,  1776,  and  a  little  later  in  that  year  he  and 
his  brother  Richard,  Lord  Viscount  Howe,  were  appointed 
commissioners  •■*  for  restoring  peace  to  his  Majesty's  Colonies 
and  Plantations  in  America."  For  gaining  the  battle  of  Long 
Island  he  received  many  encomiums  from  his  Majesty,  together 
with  the  order  of  the  Bath.  Lord  George  Germaine  wrote  to 
him  under  date  of  Oct.  18,  1776,  In  these  flattering  terms  : — 
**  Those  who  in  the  early  part  of  your  life,  from  an  observation 
of  the  inborn  courage  and  active  spirit  which  you  manifested  in 
inferior  stations,  were  led  to  form  favourable  conjectures  rel- 
ative to  your  future  exploits,  will,  with  me,  be  happy  to  find 
their  expectations  so  fully  answered,  and  will  be  agreeably  sur- 
prised to  see  you  making  such  hasty  advances  towards  mil- 
itary excellence,  by  thus  uniting  to  the  fire  of  youth  all  the 
wisdom  and  conduct  of  the  most  experienced  commander." 
Subsequently,  on  the  same  day,  Lord  George  again  addressed 
him.  "  It  is  impossible,"  wrote  Lord  Germaine,  "that  any 
person  who  has  daily  attended  to  your  military  conduct,  and 
found  it  from  your  entrance  into  the  army  invariably  directed 
by  an  unintermitted  ambition  to  serve  your  King  and  country, 


37^  Appendix  No,  \»  ' 

can  imagine  that  your  meritorious  behaviour  has  been  unnoticed 
by  his  Majesty,  or  that  his  gracious  approbation  has  not  been 
frequently  communicated  to  you  by  his  mmisters  in  their  re- 
spective despatches. 

"  His  Majesty,  however,  being  desirous  that  the  high  sense   . 
which  he  has  of  your  successful  endeavours  to  serve  him  should 
be  of  still  greater  notoriety,  has  thought  proper  to  afford  you  a 
more  publick  testimony  of  his  Royal  favour,  and  has,  therefore, 
out  of  his   special  regard  for  merit  wherever  it   is  found,  been 
graciously  pleased  to  nominate  you  to  be  one  of  the  Knights 
Companions  of  the  most  honourable  Order  of  the  Bath."         ^ 
Sir  William  Howe  became  a  lieut.-general  in  the  army  Aug. 
29,  i7y7,  and  a  little  later  he  was  put  upon  a  Board  of  Com- 
milsioners  "  to  treat,  consult   and   agree  upon   the  means  of 
quieting  the  disorders"  then  existing  in  certain  of  the  American 
colonies.     His  operations   in  America  are  too  well   known  10 
need  rehearsal  here.     His  failure  to  cooperate  with  Burgoyne 
interests   us  most.      Gen.  Howe  says:  "  In   my  letter  to  the 
Secretary  of  State  of  the  2d  of  April,  1777,  I  enclosed  a  copy 
of  a  confidemial  letter  which  I  wrote  on   the  5th  of  the  same 
month   spontaneously  to  Sir  Guy   Carleton ;  I   say   spontane- 
ously, because  I  had  not  at  that  time  received  any  official  in- 
formation   concerning  the    plan   of   the    northern    expedition, 
which   I  conceived  was  to  take  place  that  year.     It   may   be 
recollected,  that  the  substance  of  this  letter  was,  that  I  should 
probably  be   in    Pennsylvania  at  the  time  when  the   northern 
army  would  be  ready  to  enter  the  province  of  New  York ; 
that  little  assistance  was  to  be  expected  from  me  to  facilitate 
their  approach,  as  a  want  of  sufficient  strength  in  my  own  army 


Appendix  No,  4.  377 

would  probably  not  admit  of  my  detaching  a  corps  to  act  up 
Hudson's  River  in  the  beginning  of  the  campaign.  On  the  5th 
of  June  I  received  a  copy  of  the  Secretary  of  State's  letter  to 
Sir  Guy  Carleton,  dated  the  26th  of  March,  1777,  wherein  he 
communicates  to  him  the  plan  of  the  northern  expedition,  and 
adds,  *  that .  he  will  write  to  Sir  Wiliam  Howe  by  the  first 
packet.'  I  must  observe,  that  this  copy  of  a  letter  to  Sir  Guy 
Carleton,  though  transmitted  to  me,  was  not  accompanied  with 
any  instructions  whatsoever  ;  and  that  the  letter  intended  to 
have  been  written  to  me  by  the  first  packet,  and  which  was 
probably  to  have  contained  some  instructions,  was  never  sent." 
The  reason  these  instructions  were  never  sent,  is  brought  to 
light  in  Lord  E.  Fitzmaurice's  Life  of  Lord  Shelburne.  A 
memorandum  made  by  Lord  Shelburne  in  regard  to  that  disas- 
trous blunder,  says, — "  'The  inconsistent  orders  given  to  Gener- 
als Howe  and  Burgoyne  could  not  be  accounted  for  except  in  a 
way  which  it  must  be  difficult  for  any  person  who  is  not  con- 
versant with  the  negligence  of  office  to  comprehend.  It  might 
appear  incredible,  if  his  own  secretary  and  the  most  respectable 
persons  in  office  had  not  assured  me  of  the  fact,  and  what  cor- 
roborates it  is  that  it  can  be  accounted  for  in  no  other  way.  It 
requires  as  much  experience  in  business  to  comprehend  the  very 
trifling  causes  which  have  produced  the  greatest  events  as  it 
does  strength  of  reason  to  develope  the  very  deepest  designs.* 
The  memorandum  proceeds  to  state  that  Lord  George  Ger- 
maine,  '  having  among  other  peculiarities  a  particular  aversion  to 
be  put  out  of  his  way  on  any  occasion,  had  arranged  to  call 
at  his  office  on  his  way  to  the  country  in  order  to  sign  the 
despatches ;  but  as  those  addressed  to  Howe  had  not  been  '  fair 
copied '  and  he  was  not  disposed  to  be  balked  of  his  projected 
48 


37^  Appendix  No,  4.     . 

visit  into  Kent,  they  were  not  signed  then  and  were  forgotten 
on  his  return  to  town.'" 

Sir  William  Howe  was  relieved  as  commander-in-chief  in 
America  the  latter  part  of  May,  1778,  by  Sir  Henry  Clinton, 
and  on  the  24th  of  that  month  he  embarked  at  Philadelphia  in 
the  frigate  Andromeda,  for  England,  where  he  arrived  July  ist 
following.  A  few  days  preceding  his  departure  a  superb  en- 
tertainment called  the  Mischian%a  (Italian  for  medley)  was 
given  in  his  honor,  by  some  of  the  officers  of  the  army.  Its 
like  was  never  seen  in  America  before  or  since,  and  the  unfor- 
tunate Major  Andre,  then  a  captain  in  the  7th,  or  Royal  Fuzi- 
leers,  has  left  a  very  full  and  graphic  description  of  this  mixed 
entertainment  in  a  letter  written  at  Philadelphia  to  a  friend  in 
London,  and  dated  May  23,  1778.  This  letter  was  published 
in  the  Gentleman  s  Magazine  for  August,  1778,  vol.  48,  p, 
353,  and  his  correspondent  was  probably  Miss  Seward.  Judge 
Jones,  the  tory  historian  of  New  York  during  the  Revolutionary 
War,  and  Mr.  E.  F.  DeLancey,  ihe  editor  of  that  interesting 
work,  likewise  afford  much  insight  to  those  brilliant  festivities. 
Judge  Jones  characterizes  the  affair  as  a  ''triumphal  raree  show, 
a  raree  show  laughed  at  by  one-half  of  the  army,  ridiculed  by 
the  inhabitants,  damned  by  the  loyalists,  and  made  a  mockery 
of,  by  the  rebels."  • 

Sir  William  Howe  won  no  laurels  in  America.  His  victories 
were  few,  and  the  results  reaped  from  them  were  small.  His 
behavior  at  Bunker  Hill  evinced  much  personal  gallantry,  but 
he  had  no  military  genius,  and  he  loved  his  ease.  Judge  Jones, 
the  loyalist,  denounced  his  inactivity  at  Boston  in  these  terms : 

Nothing  seemed  to  engross  his  attention  but  the  faro  table, 


u 


Appendix  No.  4.  379 

the  play  house,  the  dancing  assembly  and  Mrs.  Lorlng,''  the 
wife  of  Joshua  Loring,  whom  the  judge  avers  the  general  ap- 
pointed a  commissary  of  prisoners  in  return  for  his  liberality  in 
the  use  of  his  beautiful  wife.  The  judge  later  on,  sums  up  Sir 
William  and  Mrs.  Loring,  by  referring  "to  the  celebrated  Mrs. 
Loring,  who  as  Cleopatra  of  old,  lost  Mark  Antony  the  world, 
so  did  this  illustrious  courtesan  lose  Sir  William  Howe  the 
honour,  the  laurels,  and  the  glory  of  putting  an  end  to  one  of 
the  most  obstinate  rebellions  that  ever  existed." 

Sir  William  was  graciously  received  by  the  king  on  his  return 
to  England,  and  the  newspapers  of  the  day  inform  us  of  his 
having  conferences  of  several  hours  in  length  with  his  majesty, 
and  of  his  receiving  other  marks  of  royal  favor.  Sir  William 
was  elected  a  member  of  parliament  for  Nottingham,  to  succeed 
his  brother,  who  was  killed  at  Ticonderoga.  on  a  new  writ 
ordered  Nov.  28th,  1758  ;  and  he  was  re-elected  for  three 
succeeding  parliaments,  serving  till  July  8,  1780.  On  his 
return  from  America  he  defended  his  conduct  in  the  House  of 
Commons;  and  in  1780  was  published  "The  Narrative  of 
Lieut. -General  Sir  William  Howe,  in  a  Committee  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  on  the  29th  of  April,  1779,  relative  to  his 
conduct  during  his  late  command  of  the  King's  troops  in  North 
America ;  to  which  are  added  some  observations  upon  a  pamph- 
let entitled  Letters  to  a  Nobleman  ;"  which  ran  through  two 
editions  during  that  year.  April  23,  1782,  Sir  William  was 
appointed  lieut. -general  of*  the  Ordnance,  a  position  he  held 
until  Nov ,,  1804  ;  and  he  was  sworn  of  the  Privy  Council,  June 
21  1782.  He  became  the  colonel  of  the  19th  Light  Dragoons 
April  21,  1786;  a  general  in  the  army  Oct.  12,  1793;  and 
governor  of  Berwick  in  1795,  from  which  he  was   removed  to 


380  Appendix  No.  4. 

the  government  of  Plymouth  in  1808.  Admiral,  Lord 
Viscount  Howe,  Sir  William's  older  brother,  died  August  5, 
1799,  when  the  Irish  honors  of  Viscount  Howe  and  Baron 
Clenawly,  with  a  baronetcy,  reverted  to  Sir  William  as  5th 
Viscount  Howe,  After  a  long  severe  illness,  often  attended 
with  the  most  excruciating  pain,  Sir  William,  or  Lord  Howe, 
as  he  should  now  be  called,  died  at  his  house  at  Twicken- 
ham, on  the  I2th  of  July,  1814,  in  the  85th  year  of  his 
age.  He  married  Frances,  daughter  of  the  Right  Hon.  William 
Conolly,  of  Castletown,  County  Kildare,  Ireland,  by  the  Lady 
Anne  Wentworth,  eldest  daughter  of  William,  3d  Earl  of 
Strafford,  by  whom  he  had  no  issue;  and  the  titles  of  Viscount 
Howe  and  Baron  Clenawly,  consequently,  became  extinct. 
Doubtless  Sir  William  Howe's  left-handed  connection  with 
royalty  through  his  grandmother's  frailty,  rather  than  any  merit 
of  his  own,  was  the  secret  of  his  rapid  getting  on  in  the  world ; 
and  every  American  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  his  military 
incompetence.  [B.  H:  E.  K.  93:  D.  D.  85  :  B.  R  :  G. 
H.  68  :  G,  R.  716,  252,  253,  351,  722:  G.  S.  86,  423  : 
H.  J.  8,  14, 16,  19,  319 :  K.  C.  13,  66  :  B.  M.  xx  :  G.  L.  3, 
15 :  F.  O :  A.  S:  A,  N.  176  :  A.  P.  176,  227,  330,  395  : 
A.  R.  28,  32:  J.  nil.] 


Appendix  No,  ^,  381 


Captain  Edward  FoY. 
t 

Edward  Foy  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Royal  Regiment  of 
Artillery  in  July,  1750  ;  and   his  connection   with   that  corps 
was  severed  only  by  death.     He  became  a  gentleman  cadet 
in  the  Royal  Military  Academy  at  Woolwich  in  March,  1754; 
a  lieutenant   fireworker  in  the  artillery  IVIarch    ist,   1755;  a 
second  lieutenant  May  12th,  1756;  a  first  lieutenant  April  2d, 
1757  i  and  a  captain-lieutenant  January  ist,  1759.'     He  served 
with  distinction  at  the   battle  of  Minden,  August   ist,  1759, 
where,  though  only  a   capt.-lieut.   his   command  consisted  of 
four  light    12   pounders,  three  light  6   pounders,  and  two  how- 
itzers.    In  the  General  Orders  issued  by  Prince  Ferdinand  the 
day  after  the  battle,  thanking  the  army  for  its  gallantry,  Capt. 
Foy  was  particularized  ;  and  subsequently   a  gratuity  of  500 
crowns  was  presented  to  him.     He  became  a  captain  February 
2d,  1764,  and  took  command  of  No.  4  Company,  3d  Battalion, 
now  "4"  Battery,  3d  Brigade,  and  served  at  Minorca."     He 
was  bridge  master  of  the  Royal  Artillery  from    1761  to  1770.' 
When  the  Earl  of  Dunmore  assumed   the  governorship  of 
New  York,  in    1770,  Capt.  Foy  accompanied   him   as  private 
secretary.     A  desire  for  pelf  seemed  to  actuate  these  officials, 
and   some   illustrations   will  best  indicate   the    reciprocity  of 
service  between  them  in  a  common  object.     The  royal  gov- 
ernor, for   example,  made  a   grant  of  51,000  acres  of  land  in 


382  appendix  No.  5. 

the  neighborhood  of  Lake  Champlain  to  51  associates,  of  whom 
Foy  was  one;  and  within  four  duys  thereafter  the  whole  51 
had  conveyed  their  interests  to  Lord  Dunmore.3  Again  upon 
the  earl's  arrival  at  New  York  he  appointed  Goldsbrow 
Banyar,  Registc  01'  the  Prerogative  Court,  "  upon  terms,"  as 
Gov.  Tryon  wrote  to  the  Lords  of  the  Committee  of  the  Privy 
Council,  *■'  beneficial  to  Capt.  Foy,  who  came  out  as  Private 
Secretary  to  that  nobleman."* 

The  advent  of  these  two  worthies.  Lord  Dunmore 
and  Capt.  Foy,  to  Virginia,  is  thus  not  flatteringly  related 
by  Burk  in  his  History  of  Virginia.  "  Lord  Dunmore, 
was  removed  from  the  government  of  New  York  to 
\  that  of  Virginia.  From  his  conduct  subsequent  to  this  ap- 
pointment, it  would  seem  that  this  removal  was  not  entirely 
agreeable  to  him.  Instead  of  hastening  to  his  new  govern- 
ment, which  longed  to  behold  a  man  of  whom  fame  had  spoken 
in  flattering  terms,  he  lingered  for  several  months  amidst  the 
pleasures  and  amusements  of  that  gay  and  wealthy  city,  and 
prepared  the  minds  of  the  Virginians  for  that  jealousy  and 
dislike,  which  afterwards  were  changed  into  the  extremest 
disgust  and  abhorrence.  He  arrived  in  1772,  having  previously 
sent  on  his  lady  and  family  under  the  care  of  his  private  secre- 
tary, Capt.  Edward  Foy.  Foy  had  distinguished  himself  at 
the  battle  of  Minden,  and  was  one  of  the  three  captains,  whom 
Prince  Ferdinand  had  praised  for  their  gallantry  on  that  day. 
In  the  present  agitation  of  the  public  mind,  when  incidents 
otherwise  trifling  and  apparently  uninteresting,  would  become 
from  their  connection  with  government,  important,  it  was  re- 
garded as  matter  of  speculation,  that  an  officer  of  reputation 
should  abandon  his  government  of  New  Hampshire,  to  which 


Appendix  No,  5.  383 

he  had  been  appointed,  for  the  obscure  situation  of  clerk  in 
Virginia  ;  and  there  were  not  wanting  many,  who  asserted 
that  the  military  talents  of  Foy  were  to  be  employed  in  carrying 
into  effect  those  measures  of  coercion  devised  by  the  British 
parliament.  Other  circumstances  served  to  strengthen  those 
suspicions.  To  render  the  situation  of  Foy  more  comfortable, 
new  fees  were  created,  unknown  to  the  constitution  of  the 
colony,  and  a  salary  of  £500  per  annum  created  without  the 
cognizance  of  the  assembly  and  directly  contrary  to  established 
laws  and  usages.  The  opinions  of  the  favourite  too,  on  the 
subject  of  colonial  claims,  were  highly  offensive  ;  opinions 
which,  notwithstanding  his  supposed  station  of  private  adviser 
to  his  lordship,  and  the  obvious  impolicy  of  the  procedure, 
he  used  no  pains  to  conceal.  Such  was  the  situation  of  affairs 
when  the  governor  thought  proper  to  summon  an  assembly. 
The  first  proceedings  of  this  body,  after  the  customary  formali- 
ties, evinced  their  determined  dislike  and  opposition.  An  attack 
was  made  on  the  governor,  in  the  person  of  his  secretary,  and 
a  list  of  the  fees  created  for  the  benefit  of  clerks,  demanded  in 
words  strong  and  explicit.  In  canvassing  these  measures  little 
ceremony  was  used  ;  the  conduct  of  the  governor  was  pro- 
nounced illegal,  and  a  committee  was  immediately  appointed 
to  lay  before  him  the  sense  of  the  house,  which  on  this  occasion 
was  almost  unanimous.  The  governor's  answer  was  mild  and 
conciliatory.  The  fees  coniplained  of,  he  understood  to  have 
been  established  by  his  predecessors,  and  ought,  he  said,  to  be 
ascribed  to  his  short  residence  in  the  country,  which  had  not 
yet  enabled  him  to  acquire  that  knowledge  of  the  laws  and  con- 
stitution so  necessary  for  a  just  and  able  administration.  He 
concluded  by  declaring  that  the  fees  should  be  withdrawn."* 
Burk  must  be  in  error  in  supposing  that  Foy's   declining  the 


384  appendix  No,  5. 

lieut.-governorship  of  New  Hampshire  awakened  any  suspicion 
on  the  part  of  the  Virginians,  as  he  was  not  gazetted  as  lieut.- 
governor  of  New  Hampshire  until  July,  1774,  nearly  two 
years  after  his  arrival  in  Virginia,  and  four  years  after  he  had 
become  Lord  Dunmore's  secretary.*  After  the  commence- 
ment of  actual  hostilities  in  New  England  between  the  colonies 
and  the  mother  country,  great  distrust  arose  between  the 
Virginians  and  their  royal  governor ;  and  at  last,  about  two 
o'clock  in  the  morning  of  June  8th,  1775,  the  earl  with  his 
countess,  family,  private  secretary,  and  some  domestics,  left 
Williamsburg  and  went  on  board  the  man  of  war  Fowey 
lying  at  Yorktown,  much  to  the  indignation  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  state.  Several  strong  communications  passed  between 
the  earl  and  the  House  of  Burgesses,  in  one  of  which  presented 
by  the  latter — "  They  disclaimed  the  idea  of  insinuating  that 
the  governor  would  designedly  misrepresent  facts  ;  yet  it  was 
much  to  be  feared  that  he  had  too  easily  given  credit  to  some 
designing  persons,  who,  to  the  great  injury  of  the  community, 
possessed  much  too  large  a  share  of  his  confidence."  '*  This 
attaches,"  says  Burk  in  a  foot  note,  "to  Captain  Foy,  his 
secretary,  who  was  governor  de  facto — an  Englishman  of 
violent  passions  and  hostile  prejudices  against  us."'  Capt.  Foy 
proceeded  to  Boston  in  the  Fowey,  and,  a  little  later,  returned 
to  England.^ 

He  accompanied  the  Brunswick  troops  from  Germany  to 
England,  and  thence  to  Quebec,  where  he  arrived  June  ist, 
1776,  having  gone  to  Canada  as  commissary  of  the  troops 
there.9  His  service  as  commissary  was  very  brief,  however, 
as  he  was  appointed  deputy  adjutant-general  to   the  army  in 


Appendix  No.  5.  385 

Canada  June  3, 1776'°)  and,  soon  after,  commissary  of  musters, 
which  latter  position  he  resigned  when  promoted  to  adjutant- 
general,  June  6,  1777,  on  Lieut. -Col.  Maclean's  becoming  a 
brigadier."  Gen.  Burgoyne  wished  to  have  Foy  join  him 
upon  his  expedition,  but  Sir  Guy  Carlcton,  who  had  asked  to  be 
relieved  of  his  command  and  was  preparing  to  return  to 
England,  could  nut  then  spare  his  adjutant-general,  and  so 
wrote  Burgoyne  August  i6th,  1777." 

Capt.  Foy  felt  that  the  important  position  of  adjutant-general 
should  be  filled  by  an  officer  of  higher  army  rank  than  he 
held,  and  as  he  had  failed,  though  aided  by  Sir  Guy  Carlcton, 
in  securing  the  desired  rank,  he  resigned  the  office  and  accepted 
the  position  of  barrack  master  general,  Oct.  1 1, 1777.''  In  the 
latter  part  of  that  year  he  visited  England  for  the  last  time. 
The  armed  ship  Genoa  Galley,  on  which  he  took  passage  from 
Quebec,  was  attacked  by  an  American  privateer,  but  young 
Edward  Pellew,  then  a  midshipman,  afterwards  Lord  Exmouth 
and  Vice-Admiral  of  England,  who  was  a  fellow  passenger, 
assumed  command  of  the  crew  and  beat  off  the  assailant. '<  He 
landed  at  Lyme,  in  Dorsetshire,  Dec.  14,  1777,  and  arrived  at 
London,  three  days  later,  with  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  dispatches, 
where  he  had  a  long  interview  with  his  majesty  at  St.  James, 
being  introduced  by  his  old  friend,  the  Earl  of  Dunmore'S;  and 
he  sailed  from  Spithead,  in  his  majesty's  ship  Montreal,  on  his 
return,  April  28,  1778,'*  arriving  at  Quebec  on  the  26th  of  the 
following  June.'' 

Capt.  Foy  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  Governor  Genera! 
of  Canada,  July  ist,  1778'^  and  he  died  April  27th  of  the 
next  year.''  'The  following  general  order  informs  us  how  the 
last  sad  rites  were  performed  for  this  officer,  whom  Gen.^ 
Haldimand  pronounced  an  *  able  and  faithful  secretary.' 

49 


386  Appendix  No,  5. 

"Head  Quarters, Quebec,  28/*  Aprils  i779- 
Parole,  St.  Francis.  C.  S.  Vercherc. 

A  Detachment  with  arms  from  the  Troops  in  Garrison  in  the 
following  proportions,  to  attend  Capt.  Foy's  funeral  to  morrow 
afternoon,  and  to  parade  at  half  an  hour  after  four  o  clock. 

Cpt.  sub.  Sergt.  Drum.        Private.. 

Royal  Artillery  1  »  ^^ 

34th  Regiment         12325° 

Anhalt  Zerbit      1223^ 

Total  I.  4.  6.         4.         »oo- 

All  the  rest  of  the  officers  and  soldiers  are  desired  to  attend 
at  the  same  hour."*"  ,     u 

C»p..    Foy   married    Miss  Harriet    Van    Horn",   and   she 
accompanied  the  Baroness  Riedesel  to  Canada  in  th^  ;P"»S  »/ 
,777,  where  both  ladies  went  to  join  their  husbands.     The 
b"o;.ss.   in   her    Journal,   however,   gives   -y-'^S  ^";       ' 
•    Battering  description  of  her  travelling  companion        Mrs   *oy 
.     rimed  to  England  in  the  October  following  her  husband 
death"  and  remained  a  widow  until  May  2d,  .783,  when  she 
„,arried  Colonel  Thomas  Carleton  >  for  a  sketch  of  whom  see 

.„     fn  u    'C   Z.  108,  ii2,  2'+>  »2».  **♦• 

500,   598.    ■•J.  M.    -J.  N.    -F.  E.  .00.    -.F    H.    .o». 
-F.  E  no.    »C.  U.  19'  note.    "K.  L.  50-5*.  6».  7*.  73- 


•3 


'J.  Q-] 


Appendix  No^  6.         ;       387 


;'/   ,  .  \;';:;  no.  e. 

^  Lieut.-General  John  BuRGOYNE. 

There  were  two  kinsmen  named  John  Burgoyne,  in  the 
British  army,  at  the  beginning  of  our  Revolutionary  struggle  j 
one  was  colonel  of  the  i6th,  and  the  other  was  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  14th  [Light]  Dragoons.  The  latter  was  a  great- 
grandson  of  Sir  John  Burgoyne,  the  third  baronet,  of  Sutton, 
Bedfordshire,  through  Roger,  his  eldest  son,  and  eventually 
succeeded  to  the  baronetcy  ;"  while  the  former,  who  is  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a  grandson  of  the  third  baronet, 
through  John,  his  second  son.' 

John  Burgoyne,  who  surrendered  at  Saratoga,  in  1777,  was 
born  February  4,  1722-23,  and  was  baptized  the  next  day  at 
St.  Margaret's  Church,  Westminster,  as  the  [eldest]  son  of 
John  Burgoyne,  by  his  wife,  Anna  Maria,  daughter  of  Charles 
Burnestone,  of  Hackney,  in  Middlesex.'  His  father,  accord- 
ing to  Miss  Warburton,  a  niece  of  Lady  Charlotte  Burgoyne, 

a.  This  officer  was  born  Septembc-  1777,  the  colonel  of  the  23d  [Light] 
*0f  '7391  an<l  began  his  military  career  Dragoons,  then  stationed  in  the  East 
May  26,  1759,  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  7th  Indies,  September  24, 1781 ;  and  a  major- 
Foot,  or  Royal  Fuiileers.  He  was  pro  general  in  the  army,  November  20, 
moted  to  be  a  captain  in  the  85th  Foot,  1782.  He  married  Charlotte,  the  eldest 
March  4,  1761  ;  the  major  of  the  52d  daughter  of  General  Johnston,  of  Over- 
Foot,  February  1 3,  1762;  the  lieutenant-  stone,  near  Northampton,  July  13,  1772 
colonel  of  the  58th  Foot,  December  19,  and  he  succeeded  his  father  as  seventh 
1764;  the  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  1 4ch  baronet  in  1781.  He  died  in  the  East 
Dragoons,  July  15,  1773  j  a  major-gene-  Indies,  in  1785,  leaving  issue.  [B.  H  :. 
ral  in  the  East  Indies  only,  May  9,  B.  R  :  V.  158  :  IX.  316,  317.] 
1777  ;  a  colonel  in  the  army  August  29, 


7  88  Appendix  No,  6. 

the  general's  wife,  was  at  one  time  a  captain  in  the  army, 
and  "  was  one  of  those  many  fine  gentlemen  about  town 
who  contrive  to  run  through  their  means,  and  finish  their 
days  in  the  King's  Bench.  His  mother  was  a  co-hc.ress, 
and  brought  a  good  fortune,  which,  however,  her  husband 
dissipated  ;  "  and  "  she  was  exceedingly  beautiful." 3 

The  gossip  of  Burgoyne's  own  day  assigned  his  paternity  to 
Lord  Bingley,*  and  the  majority  of  writers  since  have  adopted 
that  version.  The  Baronetages,  however,  and  Fonblanque, 
Burgoyne's  latest  biographer,  do  not  question  his  legitimacy  i 
and  the  latter  scouts  the  idea  "  that  a  piece  of  idle  gossip 
originally  traceable  to  a  no  higher  source  than  the  loose  tongue 
of  a  jealous  woman,  should  have  given  rise  to  the  belief  that 
General  Burgoyne  was  of  illegitimate  birth."  3 

As,  therefore,  different  views  exist  in  regard  to  the  paternity 
of  so'  prominent  a  figure  in  American  history  as  General  Bur- 
goyne, the  subject  is  surely  important  enough  for  some  con- 
sideration. 

There  being  no  question  about  General  Burgoyne's  having 
been  born  in  wedlock,  it  is  certain  that,  in  the  eye  of  the  law, 
he  was  the  son  of  the  husband  of  his  mother.      • 

Let   us  now  consider   the  other  aspect  of  the  case.      Miss 

^Warburton,  before  referred  to,  says—"  It  happened  that  when 

•your   father"    (General    Burgoyne)    "was   christened,    Lord 

Bingley  w^s  one  of  the  sponsors  ;  upon  which  Lady  Bingley 

b     Horace  Walpole,  in  writing  to  the  is  a  natural  ion  of  Lord  Bingley,  who  put 

Rev     wTman,    Mason,    under    date    of  him   into  the   entail    of  the  estate,  but 

StobeM      ™77.  .ays:  "  Vou  a.lc  the  when   V--^  La»e  c-e  of  age  the  en. 

history  of  Burgoyne  the  Pompous.       He  ta.1  was  cut  off,    etc.     [M.  P.  494.J 


Appendix  No,  6.  389 

raised  a  story  to  poor  Mrs.  Burgoyne's  disadvantage,  which,  at 
a  late  period,  in  some  minds,  gained  a  footing,  in  consequence 
of  Lord  Bingley  bequeathing  your  father  a  handsome  legacy  as 
his  godson."  3 

It  is  only  reasonable  to  infer  that,  if  Lady  Bingley  started 
such  a  siory,  she  probably  had  some  ground  for  suspicion  j  and 
it  is  but  natural  that  she  should  have  taken  some,  even  if  not 
a  very  tender,  interest  in  the  supposed  illegitimate  offspring  of  a 
man  who  should  have  been  true  to  her.  It  must  likewise  be 
acknowledged  that  certain  bequests  in  that  nobleman's  will  give 
some  color  to  the  scandal. 

Robert  Benson,  who  had  been  M.  P.  for  the  city  of  York, 
and  commissioner,  chancellor,  and  under  treasurer  of  the  ex- 
chequer, was  created  Baron  Bingley,  July  21,  17 13,  and  was 
subsequently  ambassador  to  the  court  of  Spain.  He  died  April 
9>  '73^  leaving  a  wife,  and  one  legitimate  daughter,  named 
Harriet.  The  title  then  became  extinct  for  lack  of  male  issue. 
His  will  dated  June  27,  1729,  with  a  codicil  dated  March  9, 
1729-30,  was  proved  April  13,  1731.  After  bequeathing  his 
house  in  Queen  street,  Westminster,  to  his  wife,  he  left  ^67,000 
to  trustees  for  the  use  of  his  illegitimate  daughter,  Mary 
Johnson,  then  at  the  boarding  school  of  Elizabeth  Lewis,  at 
Stoke  Newington,  Middlesex,  who  was  to  take  the  name  of 
Benson  after  his  death,  and  whom  he  particularly  recommended 
to  the  protection  of  his  dear  daughter  Harriet.  His  next  be- 
quest was  to  Anna  Maria,  wife  of  John  Burgoyne,  of  Park 
Prospect,  Westminster,  Esq.,  to  whom  he  gave  ^6400  per 
annum,  his  house  in  Park  Prospect,  and  his  house  called 
"  The  Nunnery  "  at  Cheshunt,  Herts,  with  all  its  plate,  jewels, 


390  Appendix  No.  6. 

and  other  contents,  for  her  separate  use  for  life,  forgiving  her 
husband  what  he  owed  him.  The  residue  of  his  estate,  except 
small  annuities  to  two  or  three  widows,  was  to  be  invested  in 
lands  in  Yorkshire,  to  the  use  of  his  daughter  Harriet,  and  the 
heirs  of  her  body  ;  with  remainder  to  said  Mary  Johnson,  and 
her  heirs  male,  then  to  his  godson  John  Burgoyne,  son  of  said 
John  and  Anna  Maria,  who,  if  the  estate  came  to  him,  was  to 
take  the  name  of '  Robert  Benson  ' ;  then  to  his  godson  Robert, 
son  of  his  cousin  Samuel  Benson,  then  toother  godsons  in  suc- 
cession, and  finally  to  his  right  heirs.*  His  legitimate  daughter 
married,  and  had  a  son  that  took  the  residuary  interest  in  his 
grandfather's  estate,  thus  cutting  o(F  the  entails. ^' 

The  devises  to  Mrs.  Burgoyne  and  her  son,  in  Lord  Bingley's 
will,  were  certainly  very  remarkable;  and,  with  their  surround- 
ings,were  hardly  of  a  character  to  allay  suspicion  already  aroused. 
So  ample  a  provision  for  Mrs.  Burgoyne,  following  immediately 
after  a  generous  provision  for  a  daughter,  his  lordship  frankly 
admitted  to>be  illegitimate,  and  his  including  Mrs.  Burgoyne's 
son  in  the  entail  of  the  residuum  of  his  estate  immediately  after 
his  avowed  illegitimate  daughter,  who  in  turn  directly  followed 
his  legitimate  daughter,  and  his  placing  young  Burgoyne  in  the 
entail  before  other  godsons  who  were  Lord  Bingley's  acknowl- 
edged kinsmen,  and  one  of  whom  was  named  after  him,  all 
raise  a  su'ipicicn  that  there  must  have  been  some  strong,  though 
hidden  reason  for  such  an  unusual  disposition  of  property.  If 
it  is  assumed  that  John  Burgoyne's  being  Lord  Bingley's  godson 
was  the  sole  reason  for  his  lordship's  partiality  to  him,  then  the 
questions  naturally  arise,  why  did  he  prefer  him  to  other  godsons 
that  were  acknowledged  kinsmen,  and  why  did  such  partiality 
extend  to  the  boy's  beautiful  mother  ?     The  morals  of  the  age 


Appendix  No,  6.  391 

were  extremely  lax,  and  it  was  no  uncommon  thing  for  men  to 
provide  for  the  objects  of  their  illicit  affection  and  the  offspring 
of  such ;  and  Burgoyne  did  the  same  thing  himself.  The  beau- 
tiful young  wife  of  a  dissipated  army  captain  in  debt  to  a  liber- 
tine of  high  rank,  might  easily  enough  have  become  the  prey 
of  such  a  creditor  of  such  a  husband ;  and  as  Mrs.  Burgoyne 
was  a  wife,  the  purpose  and  object  of  the  provision,  if  irregular, 
could  not  be  openly  avowed.  The  gossip  of  the  day,  however, 
interpreted  its  meaning.  Though,  in  the  eye  of  the  law,  young 
Burgoyne  was  the  son  of  his  mother's  husband,  yet  Lord  Bing- 
ley's  will,  coupled  with  the  scandal  circulated  in  his  lordship's 
lifetime,  at  least  raises  a  suspicion  in  the  mind  that  the  question 
of  Burgoyne's  paternity  may  belong  to  that  numerous  class  of 
cases  where  the  mere  presumption  of  law  does  not  always  cor- 
respond with  the  grim  matter  of  fact. 

Burgoyne  was  educated  at  Westminster,  and  having  entered 
the  army  at  an  early  age,  succeeded  to  a  troop  in  the  13th 
Dragoons  in  1744.  While  at  school  he  formed  an  intimacy 
with  Lord  Strange,  the  eldest  son  of  the  eleventh  Earl  of  Derby, 
and  in  this  way  became  acquainted  with  Lady  Charlotte  Stanley, 
a  sister  of  Lord  Strange ;  and  about  the  year  1 743,  when  his  regi- 
ment was  quartered  at  Preston^  he  eloped  with  her.  Though  the 
earl's  family  at  first  resented  the  marriage,  they  soon  became  re- 
conciled, and  the  match  proved  a  happy  one.  The  Earl  of  Derby 
allowed  his  daughter  .£300  a  year  during  her  life,  and  at  his  death 
left  her  a  legacy  of  £25,000.*  As  Burgoyne  had  no  fortune,  and 
his  pay  was  inadequate  for  the  support  of  a  wife  even  with  her 
father's  allowance,  he  retired  from  the  army  in  1747,  and  took 
up  his  abode  on  the  continent  for  the  space  of  seven  years. 
His  reinstatement  in  the  army,  which,  Fonblanque  says,  was  "  a 


392  Appendix  No.  6. 

rare,  if  not  an  unprecedented  step,"  was  doubtless  "  due  to  the 
interest  of  the  Derby  family,  who  in  common  with  two  or  three 
other  great  Whig  houses,  exercised  an  all  powerful  influence  in 
the  state  under  the  first  two  Georges." 

Burgoyne  was  commissioned  as  captain  in  the  I  ith  Dragoons, 
June  14,  1756  ;  served  under  the  Duke  of  Marlborough  in  the 
attack  upon  Cherbourg  in  1758;  and,  later  in  the  same  year, 
was  present  at  the  unfortunate  attack  on  St.  Malo.  On  his 
return  to  England  he  was  appointed  captain-lieutenant  in  the 
Coldstream,  or  2d  Foot  Guards,  which  gave  him  the  army  rank 
of  lieut, -colonel,  his  commission  bearing  date  May  10,  1758. 
In  the  next  year,  when  George  the  Second  determined  to  raise 
two  regiments  of  light  horse,  Burgoyne  was  selected  for  the 
formation,  and  promoted  to  the  command  of  the  i6th  Dragoons, 
as  lieut. -colonel  commandant,  under  date  of  Aug.  4,  1759.' 
The  king  gave  him  repeated  proofs  of  his  approbalion,  and 
George  the  Third,  after  his  accession,  used  to  take  particular 
pleasure  in  reviewing  *'  Burgoyne's  Light  Horse,"  as  the  corps 
was  commonly  called.  He  was  present  at  both  attacks  on 
Belle  Isle  in  1761,  and  returned  home  in  the  latter  part  of  that 
year.3 

He  was  elected  to  represent  the  borough  of  Midhurst  in 
the  Twelfth  Parliament,  the  first  session  of  which  began  Nov. 
25,  1762  }  and  he  represented  that  borough  until  the  dissolu- 
tion of  that  parliament,  March  12,  1768,  when  he  was  elected 
for  Preston,  which  constituency  he  uninterruptedly  represented 
until  his  death.^ 

Early  in  1762  England  declared  war  against  Spain,  and  soon 
after  that  event   Burgoyne's  regiment  received  orders  to  hold 


Appendix  No,  6^  393 

itself  in  readiness  for  foreign  service.  Burgoyne  embarked 
for  the  Tagus,  with  his  light  horse,  early  in  May,  with  the 
local  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and,  on  his  arrival  in  Portugal, 
he  was  placed  in  command  of  a  brigade  of  3,000  men,  nearly 
two-thirds  of  whom  were  Portuguese,  requiring  much  discipline 
to  bring  them  up  to  anything  like  a  soldierly  standard.  August 
27th  of  that  year,  he  gained  great  credit  for  himself  by  making 
a  brilliant  dash  into  Valentia  d' Alcantara  with  his  light  horse, 
after  a  forced  night  march,  and  capturing  the  town,  together 
with  a  Spanish  major-general,  several  officers  of  less  rank,  a 
number  of  prisoners,  three  stands  of  colors,  and  a  large  quan- 
tity of  arms.  This  exploit  gave  him  great  eclat  at  home  and 
abroad,  and  the  Portuguese  king  showed  his  appreciation  of  it 
by  presenting  him  with  a  diamond  ring.  The  war  ended  early 
in  1763,  and,  toward  the  end  of  that  year,  Burgoyne  embarked 
with  his  regiment  for  England,  whither  his  reputation  as  a  dash- 
ing soldier  had  preceded  him.' 

He  became  a  coioncri  in  the  army  Oct.  8,  1762,  and  the 
colonel  of  the  i6tn  Dragoons  March  18,  1763,  his  regiment 
soon  after  being  designated  as  "  the  Queen's  "  Light  Dragoons.' 

During  the  long  period  of  tranquility  that  intervened  between 
the  peace  of  Paris  and  the  beginning  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, there  was  no  opportunity  for  winning  laurels,  so  Burgoyne 
applied  himself  to  parliamentary  duties  and  professional  studies, 
using  his  pen  in  the  direction  of  the  latter.  Fonblanque  draws 
this  flattering  picture  of  him  at  this  time: — "  In  1768  the  king 
conferred  another  mark  of  favour  on  Burgoyne,  by  appointing 
him  to  the  government  of  Fort  William,  North  Britain,  an 
honourable  and  lucrative  post  then  rarely  held  by  an  officer  under 
50 


394  Appendix  No,  6. 

the  rank  of  general,  and  which,  together  with  the  emoluments 
of  his  other  military  appointments  and  the  fortune  to  which 
his  wife  had  about  this  time  succeeded,  afforded  him  the  means 
of  indulging  his  refined  tastes  and  his  love  of  society,  not  only 
of  the  fashionable  and  the  gay  by  whom  he  was  feted,  but  of 
all  who  were  eminent  in  literature  and  art,  and  among  whom 
he  was  equally  welcomed. 

"  With  a  handsome  person,  a  manner  the  charm  of  which 
reither  man  nor  woman  could,  it  was  said,  easily  resist,  a  genial 
kindly  nature  which  drew  all  hearts  towards  him,  a  ready  wit, 
a  cultivated  mind,  and  the  prestige  derived  from  his  reputation 
as  a  soldier,  a  speaker,  and  a  poet — many  a  man  more  highly 
favoured  by  fortune,  might  have  envied  Burgoyne  his  position. 

**  He  was  a  favourite  at  court.  The  Derby  family,  who 
had  at  one  time  resented  his  alliance  with  a  member  of  their 
house,  had  learnt  to  love  him,  and  vied  in  showing  him  kind- 
ness and  in  advancing  his  interests  ;  high  military  authorities 
consulted  him  ;  eminent  politicians  courted  his  support,  and 
literary  men  were  pleased  to  call  him  one  of  themselves. 

*■*■  Burgoyne's  youth  had  not  been  free  from  cares  and 
anxiety  ;  his  later  years  were  darkened  by  a  great  sorrow  ; 
but  at  this  period  he  basked  in  the  full  sunshine  of  life.  Happy 
in  his  home,  universally  popular  in  society,  successful  in  his 
profession,  rising  into  prominence  in  Parliament,  all  surround- 
ing circumstances  justified  him  in  indulging  in  the  hope  of 
eminence  in  public  life  and  of  gratified  ambition  in  time  to 
come."  'o,',-. .;  -,  ■'*,,.;,  ;.'■'■ 

Burgoyne  took   an  active  part   in  parliament  at  this  period, 
£specially  in  matters  pertaining  to  India.'    He  had  incurred  the 


Appendix  No,  6.  395 

displeasure  of  Junius,  and  hence  obtained  a  place  in  that  famous 
writer's  letters.'"  He  became  a  major-general  in  the  army  May 
25,  1772,' and  he  was  now  awaiting  an  opportunity  to  distin- 
guish himself  further  in  his  chosen  profession,  of  which  he  was 
enthusiastically  fond. 

When  it  was  determined  to  send  reinforcements  to  America, 
in  the  spring  of  1775,  before  actual  hostilities  had  commenced, 
Burgoyne,  Clinton  and  Howe  were  the  three  generals  selected 
for  service  there.  They  accordingly  embarked  in  the  Cer- 
berus frigate,  of  28  guns,  April  20,  1775,  and  arrived  at 
Boston  on  the  25th  of  the  following  May."  Burgoyne,  from 
the  heights  in  Boston,  witnessed  the  disastrous  affair  of  the 
British  at  Bunker  Hill,  but  bore  no  active  part  in  it.  Much 
has  been  written  of  the  faultiness  of  the  British  plan  of  attack 
in  that  action.  It  would  seem  from  Gen.  Burgoyne's  letter  to 
his  wife's  nephew,  Lord  Stanley,  dated  Boston,  June  25,  1775, 
that  the  plan  was  approved,  if  not  advised,  by  Burgoyne,  in  con- 
sultation with  the  other  British  generals  then  in  Boston.  That 
letter  can  be  found  in  the  American  Archives,  4th  Series,  vol. 
2,  1094.  After  spending  the  summer  and  most  of  the  autumn 
in  America,  Burgoyne  returned  to  England  in  November,  for 
the  winter. 

Jan.  1st,  1776,  he  was  appointed  a  lieut. -general  in  America 
only ,7  and,  on  the  31st  of  March  following,  he,  with  Gen. 
Phillips  and  a  number  of  other  officers,  embarked  on  the  Blonde 
frigate,  for  Quebec,  whither  he  sailed  four  days  later,  accom- 
panied by  a  fleet  of  transports  having  large  remforcements  on 
board  for  Gen.  Carleton.'"  Burgoyne  took  part  in  the  opera- 
tions of  that  year  for  expelling  the  Americans  from  Canada,  and 


396  Appendix  No,  6. 

re-embarked,  Nov.  9th,  in  the  man  of  war  Isis  for  England.'' 
During  his  absence  this  year  Lady  Charlotte  Burgoyne  died, 
for  she  was  languishing  of  a  decline  when  he  sailed  for  Amer- 
ica, and  her  death  occurred  at  Kensington  Palace,  June  7.'* 
By  her  Burgoyne  had  one  child,  a  daughter,  named  Charlotte 
Elizabeth,  who  died  March  7,  1764,  in  the  tenth  year  of 
her  age.'* 

Burgoyne  was  received  with  great  favor  at  court,  and  the 
newspapers  of  the  lime  contain  many  indications  of  the  royal 
partiality  for  him,  in  such  notices  as  the  following,  taken  from 
the  London  Chronicle  of  Jan.  7-9,  1777  : — "  Yesterday  morn- 
ing his  Majesty  took  an  airing  on  horseback  in  Hyde-park  up- 
wards of  an  hour,  attended  by  Gen.  Burgoyne." 

It  was  determined  that  this  officer  should  command  the 
famous  northern  expedition  of  1777  ;  and,  April  3d,  he  accord- 
ingly embarked  on  the  Apollo  frigate  for  America,  with  his 
two  aids-de-camp,  and  arrived  at  Quebec,  May  6th.'*  The 
prestige  of  Gen.  Burgoyne  at  the  opening  of  this  campaign,  is 
well  illustrated  by  a  passage  from  the  London  Chronicle  of 
April  15-17,  1777.  Says  that  paper, — "  We  hear  that  Gen. 
Burgoyne,  before  his  departure,  was  offered  a  red  ribbon  (Knight 
of  the  Bath)  but  could  not  be  prevailed  with  to  accept  it,  before 
his  conduct  was  favoured  with  the  approbation  of  his  country  j 
that  if  he  proved  successful,  he  had  no  objection  to  any  mark 
.of  distinction  his  Prince  pleased  to  honour  him  with  ;  but  to 
receive  unmerited  honours  he  considered  a  reproach,  and  would 
prove  a  disagreeable  monitor  of  his  undeserving.'^ 

That  paper,  a  year  later,  gives  this  remarkable  incident  in  it» 
issue  of  May  26-28,  1778: — "Before  Mr.  Burgoyne  went  out 


Appendix  No,  6.  397 

to  take  upon  him  the  command  of  the  Northern  army,  he  had 
the  most  sanguine  expectation  of  being  the  chief  instrument  of 
subduing  the  rebels ;  insomuch  that,  in  a  conversation  with 
some  gentlemen  at  Arthur's,  he  said  he  hoped  to  bring  Amer- 
ica to  a  proper  sense  of  duty  before  he  returned.  Mr.  Fox 
being  present,  made  the  following  prophetic  observation  :  *  Bur- 
goyne,  be  not  over  sanguine  in  your  expectations ;  I  believe 
when  next  you  return  to  England  you  will  be  a  prisoner  on 
your  parole.'  " 

It  is  not  proposed  to  give  the  details  of  Burgoyne's  campaign 
here.  Hadden  has  done  that,  and,  in  the  Editor's  Explanatory 
Chapter,  some  considerations  of  the  causes  of  Burgoyne's  failure 
have  been  presented.  Neither  are  we  going  at  length  into  the 
much  mooted  point  whether  Burgoyne  so  far  violated  the  pro- 
visions of  the  convention  at  Saratoga  as  to  justify  congress  in 
detaining  him  and  his  army  prisoners  of  war ;  but  it  is  difficult 
to  see  how  the  British  general  could  reconcile  some  of  his 
conduct  with  a  high  sense  of  honor,  or  a  sound,  healthy  con- 
science. Soon  after  the  conclusion  of  the  convention  much 
inquiry  arose  as  to  what  had  become  of  Burgoyne's  ordnance 
and  public  property  ;  and,  on  the  19th  of  November,  Congress 
ordered  that  Gen.  Gates'  return  of  ordnance,  etc.,  taken  from 
the  enemy,  be  referred  to  a  committee  ;  which  committee,  three 
days  subsequently,  reported, — ''  That  there  is  no  mention,  in  the 
said  return,  of  standards,  military  chest,  medicine  or  tents."  *  * 
Whereupon  Congress  '*  Resolved,  That  the  president  imme- 
diately send  an  express  to  Gen.  Gates,  and  desire  answers  to 
the  following  questions,  viz. 

"  What  is  become  of  the  standards  belonging  to  the  respective 
regiments  in  Gen.  Burgoyne's  army  f     *     *     ♦ 


398  Appendix  No,  6. 

"  Was  ther»  any  destruction,  waste,  removal  or  conceal- 
ment of  the  arms,  tents,  colours,  treasure  or  other  military 
stores,  belonging  to  Gen.  Burgoyne's  army,  from  the  time  the 
first  proposal  was  made,  on  the  13th  of  October,  to  the  time 
of  the  surrender  ?"  '' 

Gen.  Gates,  in  his  letter  to  the  President  of  Congress,  dated 
Dec.  3d,  in  reply  to  the  above  resolutions,  among  other  things, 
wrote  : — 

'*  Respecting  the  standards.  General  'i^rgoyne  declared 
upon  his  honor,  that  the  colors  of  the  re^  '-'nts  were  left  in 
Canada." -8         ., 

Max  Von  Eelking,  in  his  Memoirs,  Journal  and  Letters  of 
Riedesel,  vol.  i,  p.  187,  relates  how  the  German  general  col- 
lected his  troops  together  on  the  17th  of  October,  1777,  when 
the  convention  was  completed,  and  informed  them  of  their  fate. 
Then  the  biographer,  on  page  188,  proceeds  as  follows  : — 
**  General  Riedesel's  next  care  was  to  save  the  colors.  He, 
therefore,  had  them  taken  down  from  the  flag  staffs,  and  gave 
them  to  his  wife,  who  had  them  sewed  up  by  a  faithful  soldier 
who  was  a  tailor.  Henceforth  he  slept  upon  them  and  fortu- 
nately saved  them."  On  page  28,  of  vol.  2,  of  the  same  work, 
the  writer  says, — "  Captain  O'Connell  "  [of  Gen.  Riedesel's 
staff]  '*  asked  permission  of  Riedesel  to  return  to  Europe  and 
arrange  some  pressing  family  affairs.  *  *  *  In  the  middle 
of  June,"  1778,  "he  received  permission  from  congress  to 
return  to  Europe  on  parole.  Riedesel  took  this  opportunity  to 
send  by  him  his  dispatches  to  his  court,  also  the  flags  which  he 
had  saved.  These  flags  the  captain  left  in  Rhode  Island. 
They  were  afterwards  carried  to  Canada  by  Lieutenant-Colonel 


t. 


I 

appendix  No.  6.  399 

Specht."      Lieut.-Col.  Spcth,  of  the  Regiment  Riedesel,  is  un- 
doubtedly meant,  as   there  was   no   Lieut.-Col.  Specht  ;  Colonel 
Specht,  of  the  Regiment  Specht,  usually  being  spoken  of  as  gene 
ral,  as  he  was  a  brigadier,  and  never  as  lieut. -colonel,  as  he  was 
a  full  colonel.     Madame  Riedesel,  in  her  Letters  and  Journals, 
p.  143,  tells  the  story  of  the  concealment  of  the  German  flags 
in  this  wise — "  We  lived,"  she  writes,  "  very  happily  and  con- 
tented  in  Cambridge,  and  were,   therefore,  well  pleased  at  the 
idea  of  remaining  there  during  the  captivity  of  our  troops.      As 
winter    approached,   however,   we   were   ordered    to   Virginia. 
Now  I  was  forced  to  consider  how  I   should   safely  carry  the 
colors  of  our  German  regiments  still  further,  as  we  had    made 
the  Americans  at  Saratoga  believe  that  they  were  burnt  up— a  cir- 
cumstance wh^ch  they  at  first  took   in  bad    part,  though,  after- 
wards, they  tacitly  overlooked   it.      But   it  was  only  the   staves 
that  had  been  burned,  the  colors  having  been  thus  far  concealed. 
Now,  my  husband  confided  to  me  this  secret,  and  entrusted  me 
with  their  still  further  concealment.    I,  therefore,  shut  myself  in 
with  a  right  honorable  tailor,  who  helped    me  make  a  mattresi 
in  which  we  sewed  evry  one  of  them.      Captain  O'Connell, 
under   pretense  of  some  errand,  was  sent   to  New  York,  and 
passed  the  mattress  off  as  his  bed.     He  sent  it  to  Halifax,  where 
we  again  found   it  on  our  passage  from  New  York  to  Canada, 
and  where — in  order   to  ward  off  all   suspicion  in  case  our  ship 
should  be   taken — I   transferred   it   into   my  cabin,   and    slept, 
during  the  whole  of  the  remaining   voyage   to  Canada,    upon 
these  honorable  badges."     There  seems  to  be  a  little  confusion 
of  time  between  Madame  Riedesel's  statement  and  that  of  her 
husband's  biographer,  as  Capt.  O'Connell  returned  to  Europe 
in  June,  1778,   embarking  from   New  York  ;  while   the   con- 


400  Appendix  No.  6. 

vention  troops  did  not  go  to  Virginia  until  late  in  the  autumn  of 
that  year.  The  exact  date,  however,  is  not  importan.,  as  both 
agree  as  to  the  main  facts  of  the  concealment  and  clandestine 
removal  of  the  Gei  man  flags.  General  Burgoyne's  statement 
to  the  contrary,  notwithstanding,  it  is  clear  that  the  German 
colors  were  not  left   in   Canada.         .   /  - 

How  was  it  with  the  English  flags .?  Gen.  Burgoyne 
himself  says,  on  page  xvi  of  the  Appendix  to  the  State  of 
the  Expedition,  in  reference  to  the  retreat  of  the  Americans 
from  Ticonderoga  and  the  British  advance  under  Gen. 
Eraser, — "  This  movement  was  very  discernible,  as  were 
the  British  colours,  which  the  Brigadier  had  fixed  upon 
the  fort  of  Ticonderoga."  Had  the  British  flags  been 
left  in  Canada  as  stated  by  Burgoyne  after  his  surrender,  how 
could  they  have  been  at  Ticonderoga  ?  If  it  be  said,however,that 
these  need  not  necessarily  have  been  the  regimental  flags,  and 
hence  Burgoyne's  statement  is  not  conclusive  proof  of  their 
presence,  let  us  examine  a  little  further.  Tn  the  "  Historical 
Record  of  The  Ninth,  or  The  East-Norfolk  Regiment  of  Foot, 
containing  an  Account  of  the  formation  of  the  regiment  in  1685, 
and  of  its  subsequent  services,  compiled  by  Richard  Cannon, 
Esq.,  Adjutant  General's  Office,  Horse  Guards,  London,  1 848," 
published  under  General  Orders  from  the  British  Army  Head- 
quarters, dated  Jan.  ist,  1836,  and  *'  By  Command  of  his  late 
Majesty,  William  the  IVth,  and  under  the  patronage  of  her 
Majesty,  the  Queen,"  these  sentences  in  regard  to  the  Saratoga 
afFair,occur  : — "Lieut. -Colonel  Hill  of  the  Ninth,  being  anxious 
to  preserve  the  colours  of  the  regiment,  took  them  off  the 
staves,  and  concealed  them  in  his  baggage,  which  he  was  per- 


Appendix  No,  6.  401 

mitted  to  retain.    The  American  government  violated  the  con- 
ditions of  the  convention,  and  detained  the  troops  until    1781, 
when  the  Ninth  proceeded  to  England,  and  Lieut.-Colonel  Hill 
producing  the  colours  presented  them  to  King  George  III,  who 
rewarded  his  faithful  services  with   the  appointment  of  aide  de 
camp  to  His  Majesty,  and  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  army."  It 
matters  not   whether     Wilkinson   was    correct,  in   writing  of 
the  convention  thirty-five   years  afterwards,  and  after   he  had 
quarrelled  with,  and   twice  challenged,  and  once  fought  a  duel 
with  Gen.  Gates,"  where  he  says, — "  Burgoyne  made  his  own 
convention,  and   saved   his  accoutrements,  military  chest   and 
colors,  all  of  which  were  retained,  notwithstanding  Gen.  Gates's 
letter  to  Congress,   *     *    which  was  unworthy  of  a  soldier." '9 
The  truth,  even,  of  Wilkinson's  statement,  does  not  help  Bur- 
goyne's   veracity.     But  Wilkinson's  assertion  that   the  colors 
were   not    included    in    the    convention,  is   incompatible    with 
Madame  Riedesel's  statement  that  "  we  had  made  the  Ameri- 
cans at  Saratoga  believe   that  they  were    burnt   up — a   circum- 
stance which   they  at  first  took  in   bad   part ;"  and   is  also   in 
striking  contrast  with    the   British  and  German  officers'   belief 
on  that  subject  as   indicated  by  their  studious  concealment  of 
the  flags,  and   by  Burgoyne's  denial   that   they  were  with  the 
army  at  all.     Had  Burgoyne's  officers  believed  that  their  colors 

c.     For  correspondence  between  Colo-  Wilkinson  tells  us  about  in  his  Memoirs, 

nel,  afterwards  General  Kosciusko,  Gen.  vol.  i,   page   ;}88,  where    he   challenged 

Gates'  second,  and   John  Carter,    Gen.  Gates  Feb.  23,  1778;  as  then,  the  duel 

Wilkinson's  second,   in  the   duel  fought  did   not  take  place.     Surely  the  word  of 

by  Gates  and  Wilkinson  on  Friday  after-  a   man  who    has    twice  challenged,  and 

noon,  Sept.   4,    1778,   copied    from   the  once    fought    another,   can    possess    but 

Neiv  York  Packet,  see  the  Boston  Evening  little    weight    in    regard    to    that    other 

Poit  and  General  Advertiser  for  Oct.  17,  person  ;  and  Wilkinson's  word,  as  shown 

1778.     The  duel  above  referred  to,  is  an  by  his  Memoirs,   is,  at  best,  entitled   to. 

entirely    different    affair    from    the    one  none  too  much  weight. 

51 


402  Appendix  No,  6. 

were  not  embraced  in  the  terms  of  the  convention,  they  would 
have  flung  them  to  the  breeze  and  proudly  marched  out  under 
them,  as  z.ii  indication  of  how  much  of  their  honor  they  had 
preserved,  especially  when  they  supposed  that  they  were  about 
to  embark  for  England  ;  for  soldiers  lay  down  their  lives  for 
their  flags,  the  loss,  surrender,  or  concealment  of  which,  save 
in  rare  instances,  is  synonymous  with  defeat  and  humiliation. 
Wilkinson's  statement  in  this  respect,  as  likewise  in  many  others, 
it  seems  to  us,  is  utterly  unreliable. 

It  is  not  surprising,  perhaps,  that  British  writers  assert  that 
the  Americans  shamefully,and  without  cause,broke  the  Saratoga 
coiwention.  It  is  to  be  regretted,  however,  that  some  Amer- 
ican writers  have  joined  in  such  attacks  on  the  national  honor 
without  having  first  duly  weighed  all  the  considerations  bearing 
on  the  question,  among  which  is  this  standard  business.  Had 
proof  of  Gen.  Riedesel's  dealing  with  the  German  colors,  and 
the  authorized  statement  of  Lieut.-Col.  Hill's  concealment  of 
the  colors  of  the  9th  Regiment,  been  made  in  1777,  much 
clamor  would  have  been  saved,  and  many  letters  like  the  follow- 
ivg,  sent  from  New  York,  then  in  possession  of  the  British, 
■dated  Jan.  29,  1778,  and  printed  in  the  London  Chronicle  of 
JVlarch  14-17,  1778,  would  never  have  been  written.  "Among 
other  detestable  pretexts,"  says  the  letter,  "  fabricated  by  the 
rebels  to  justify  the  detention  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Burgoyne  and 
the  troops  under  his  command,  the  equivocal,  revolted  Yankees 
pretend  a  discovery  of  several  stands  of  colours,  belonging  to 
British  regiments,  secreted  by  him,  which  they  think  a  violation 
of  the  treaty  concluded  between  him  and  Gen.  Gates.  By 
such  assertions,  which  have  no  foundation  in  truth,  they  mask 
their  perfidy." 


Appendix  No.  6.  403 

Burgoyne  was  certainly  very  zealous  for  the  comfort  of  his 
men  after  the  surrender,  and  his  prosecution  of  the  American 
Colonel  Henley,  before  a  court  martial,  for  alleged  cruelty  and 
oppression,  shows  his  earnestness  in  that  behalf. 

Early  in  1778,  Burgoyne  obtained  permission  to  return  to 
England  on  his  parole,  basing  his  application  on  the  plea  of  ill 
health''  and  a  desire  to  vindicate  himself  from  blame  on  account 
of  his  surrender.  He  embarked  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  on 
the  Grampus  sloop  of  war,"  and  landed  at  Portsmouth,  England, 
May  13,  1778.  How  different  the  return,  from  the  setting  out  ! 
No  ardent  volunteers  thirsting  for  fame,  accompanied  him  now.*° 
No  rumors  of  real  or  imaginary  red  ribbons  being  conferred 
upon  him,  now  filled  the  air.  No  newspapers  now  chronicled 
any  royal  favors  being  bestowed  upon  him — not  even  a  solitary 
morning  airing  with  his  majesty, — but  on  the  contrary,  they 
announced  that  the  king  refused  even  tu  give  him  an  audience. 

d.  Gen.  Glover,  the  American  officer  board  the  Grampus,  in  company  with  a 
in  charge  of  Burgoyne  and  his  troops  on  fleet  for  England."  ■  The  London  Chron. 
the  march  from  Saratoga,  to  Cambridge  icle  for  May  12-14,  1778,  vol.  43,  page 
after  the  surrender,  wrote  to  Gen.  464,  in  a  news-letter  from  Portsmouth, 
Gates  from  Marblehead,  Nov.  16,  1776,  dated  May  13,  says: — "  This  morning 
as  follows  : — "After  a  troublesome  journey  arrived  the  Grampus  sloop  of  war  from 
of  13  days  (some  part  of  which  time  was  Rhode  Island,  from  which  ship  Gen. 
very  stormy — this  with  the  badness  of  Burgoyne  landed  about  twelve  o'clock." 
the  roads  was  almost  too  much  for  Gen'l  See  also  The  Remembrancer  for  1778, 
Burgoyne's  sh:;tter'd  constitution)  we  ar-  vol.  6,  207. 

rived  safe  in  Ca:nbridge.     [D.  R.]  The  ship   that  first   bore  Burgoyne    to 

America  in  1775,  *^^  '^^  ''^'P   ^^■'^  '^^' 

e.  Foiiblanque, page  333,  says  : — "Bur-  took  him  away  from  there,  in  1778,  both 
goyne  embarked  at  Rhode  Island  in  the  came  to  disastrous  ends  during  the  Amer- 
Juno  frigate.  Captain  Hew  Ualrymple,  in  ican  Revolution.  The  Cerberus  was  burnt 
the  middle  of  April,"  etc.  On  the  other  by  the  British  to  prevent  its  falling  into 
hand,  however,  'A  Diary  of  the  Revo-  the  hands  of  the  enemy  ;  and  the  Gram- 
lution  kept  at  Newport,'  in  1778,  says —  pus,  a  worn  out  70  gun  ship  which  had 
"April  7.  Arrived  a  flag  from  Provid;'nce  been  cut  down  to  26  guns,  and  subse- 
with  Gen.  Burgoyne  and  two  provincial  quently  turned  into  a  storeship,  foundered 
officers  who  are  in  town at   Newfoundland.'     ['F.  W.   38.     »H.. 

"April  14.  Sailed   Gen.  Burgoyne   on     M.  251.] 


404.  Appendix  No.  6. 

When  he  clamored  for  investigation,  all  sorts  of  subterfuges 
were  resorted  to  for  denying  him  justice  ;  and  it  was  even  at- 
tempted to  stifle  his  voice  in  the  House  of  Commons,  on  the 
plea  that,  as  a  paroled  prisoner,  he  could  not  occupy  his  seat  in 
parliament.  Fox's  prophetic  saying  had,  indeed,  been  verified  ; 
and  the  prisoner  on  parole  now  found  how  hollow  were  official 
professions  of  friendship.  If  the  government,  however,  turned 
the  cold  shoulder  to  him,  the  opposition  now  took  him  up,  and 
his  sturdy  advocacy  of  his  own  cause  at  last  obtained  for  him  a 
hearing,  and  a  practical  vindication.  In  1780  was  published 
*'  A  State  of  the  Expedition  from  Canada,  as  laid  before  the 
House  of  Commons  by  Lieutenant-General  Burgoyne,  and 
verified  by  evidence  ;  with  a  collection  of  authentic  documents, 
and  an  addition  of  many  circumstances  which  were  prevented 
from  appearing  before  the  House  by  the  prorogation  of  Parlia- 
ment, Written  and  collected  by  himself,  and  dedicated  to  the 
officers  of  the  army  he  commanded." 

Though  Burgoyne,on  his  return  to  England,ceased  to  hold  high 
military  command,  he  at  once  assumed  prominent  political  import- 
ance. He  boldly  and  pertinaciously  demanded  an  investigation 
and  a  court  martial.  He  did  not  hesitate  to  assail  the  ministry  and 
to  charge  his  defeat  as  a  sacrifice  to  their  incompetency.  He 
•ever  assumed  the  part  of  injured  innocence  j  and  the  opposition, 
many  of  the  people,  and,  indeed,  some  of  the  parliamentary 
friends  of  the  ministry,  regarded  him  as  a  victim  of  unjust  per- 
secution. Many  of  our  American  writers,  with  an  inflation  of 
language  that  may  be  denominated  spread  eagle  grandiloquence, 
have  incorrectly  assumed  that  our  national  independence  was 
solely  due  to  the  bravery  and  devotion  of  our  revolutionary 
ancestors.     Without  detracting  at  all  from  their  self  sacrificing 


Appendix  No,  b,  4^5 

patriotism,  such  a  view  would  seem  to  be  very  far  from  the 
truth,  for  we  owe  our  nationality  quite  as  much  to  the 
wretched  incompetency  of  Britian's  ministers,  as  to  the  unflinch- 
ing valor  of  our  revolutionary  patriots.  It  was  one  of  this  class 
of  ministers  that  thought  it  necessary  to  hound  Burgoyne  into 
-  well  nigh  military  martyrdom,  to  conceal  his  own  miserable 
short-comings.  Lord  George  Sackville,  whose  name  was  after- 
wards changed  to  Germaine,  the  British  Secretary  of  State  for 
War  during  the  earlier  years  of  our  struggle  for  independence, 
has  almost  as  strong  claims  upon  our  gratitude  (though  not  upon 
our  hearts),  for  what  he  stupidly  failed  to  do,  as  have  some 
of  our  staunchest  patriots  for  what  they  actually  accomplished. 
He  commanded  the  British  horse  at  the  famous  battle  of 
Minden,  in  1759,  where  he  acted  the  craven  and  disobeyed 
Prince  Ferdinand's  order  to  charge  the  enemy  at  a  critical 
moment,  for  which  George  II  summarily  dismissed  him  f-^om 
all  his  offices.  The  sentence  of  the  court  martial,  to  whic'i  he 
appealed,  was,  that  he  be  cashiered  ;  though  the  influence  of  the 
house  of  Dorset,  to  which  he  belonged,  mitigated  the  sentence, 
so  that  he  was  *'  declared  incapacitated  from  military  employ- 
ment," and  not^  as  usually  expressed,  from  any  erjployment 
uncljr  the  crown,  civil  or  military.  By  this  saving  clause  a 
man  ignominiously  incapable  of  drawing  his  sword  in  his 
country's  behalf,  could,  to  the  disgrace  of  a  great  nation,  serve 
as  her  war  minister.  No  greater  solecism  could  have  been 
committed  ;  and  one  can  easily  understand  huw  any  blunder 
could  have  been  perpetrated  by  such  a  minister,  even  to  neglect- 
ing to  send  dispatches,  the  most  important,  like  those  to  Howe, 
commanding  him  to  co-operate  with  Burgoyne. 3  At  last,  after 
a  protracted   correspondence  with   the  government,  Burgoyne, 


4o6  Appendix  No,  6. 

to  use  his  own  words,  felt  himself  '^  compelled  to  lay  at  his 
Majesty's  feet  the  appointment  to  the  American  staff,  the 
Queen's  Regiment  of  Light  Dragoons,  and  the  government  of 
Fort  William,  the  services  of  more  than  thirty  years,  and  the 
reward  with  which  I  acknowledged  them  to  have  been  over- 
paid by  his  Majesty  and  his  Royal  grandfather.  The  only  com- 
mission I  still  humbly  request  his  Majesty's  permission  to  re- 
serve is  that  of  Lieutenant-General  in  the  army  for  the  purpose 
of  being  amenable  to  a  court  martial,  and  of  properly  fulfilling 
my  parole  to  Congress""'  His  resignation  was  accepted  Oct. 
15,  1779,  and  in  a  speech  in  the  House  of  Commons,  Dec.  17, 
1 78 1,  Burgoyne  said,  "  it  was  rather  singular,  that  of  all  officers 
of  the  convention  army  he  was,  at  present,  the  only  one  who 
remained  unexchanged  ;  not  even  a  surgeon's  mate  of  that 
army  was  now  a  prisoner  ;  to  be  still  one,  was  reserved  only  for 
the  general  of  that  army.  The  prisoners  at  the  Cedars  had  sur- 
rendered under  a  capitulation,  which  the  Congress  had  constantly 
refused  to  sign,  though  he  would  not  say  that  this  refusal  was 
founded  in  justice.  To  offer  these  men,  therefore,  in  exchange 
for  him,  was  offering  nothing,  because  Congress  would  not 
listen  to  any  proposal  about  them.  The  order  from  Congress 
for  him  to  return  to  America,  had  been  long  known  to  him  ; 
but  if  he  had  not  spoken  of  it  before,  it  was  because  he  would 
have  preferred  death  in  a  dungeon  in  America,  to  any  favour 
that  he  should  be  obliged  to  solicit  from  Ministry  ;  for  when 
they  would  not  do  him  justice,  he  could  not  have  expected 
favours."  Lord  Geo.'-ge  Germaine  replied  "  that  when  he  had 
said  that  the  Hon.  General  had  been  released,  he  thought 
he  had  been  speaking  on  very  good  grounds,  for  in  a  letter  from 
Sir  Henry  Clinton  he  had  been  informed  that  a  proper  number 


Appendix  No,  6.  407 

of  men  had  been  offered  for  the  General's  release ;  and  among 
others,  the  Cedars  prisoners ;  and  that  he  made  no  doubt  but 
Congress  would  accede  to  his  proposal ;  and  therefore  he  took 
it  for  granted  that  by  this  time  the  General  was  released.  As 
to  the  Cedars  prisoners,  he  really  did  not  remember  to  have  heard 
of  them  before  as  offered  to  exchange  for  the  Hon.  Lieuten- 
ant General."  *•  Whether  Lord  George  Germaine  was  entirely 
frank  in  his  remarks,  and  especially  as  to  the  prisoners  taken  at 
the  Cedars,  is  not  free  from  doubt.  Holding  such  views  as 
Burgoyne  did  in  regard  to  his  exchange,  it  must  have  been  as 
welcome  to  him,  coming  as  it  did  at  last,  as  it  was  probably 
unwelcome  to  the  government. 

Though  the  exact  date  of  Burgoyne's  exchange  has  not  bean 
ascertained,  yet  at  the  time  of  making  the  speech  just  alluded 
to,  it  had  unquestionably  taken  place  as  Lord  George  Germaine 
supposed.  As  two  movements  for  the  exchange  of  Burgoyne 
were  on  foot  at  the  same  time  and  have  been  confused  together, 
mention  of  both  becomes  necessary. 

Henry  Laurens  of  South  Carolina,  formerly  president  of  Con- 
gress, was  captured  in  October,  1 780,  when  on  his  way  to 
Europe  as  minister  to  the  Netherlands.  **  Among  his  papers," 
when  captured,  says  Bancroft,  "  was  found  the  unauthorized 
project  for  a  treaty,  concerted  as  we  have  seen  between  Neuf- 
ville  and  William  Lee.  To  Lord  Stormont  the  '  transaction 
appeared  to  be  the  act  of  individuals,'  and  the  Earl  of  Hills- 
borough owned  *  that  the  states-general  had  no  knowledge  of 
the  treaty,  which  had  never  been  signed  except  by  private 
persons.'  But  the  resolution  was  instantly  taken  to  use  the 
Laurens  papers  so  as  to  *  give  the  properest  direction  to  the 


4o8  Appendix  No,  6. 

war.*  After  an  examination  at  the  admiralty  before  the  three 
secretaries  of  state,  Laurens  was  escorted  through  the  streets 
of  London  by  a  large  guard,  and  confined  as  a  state's  prisoner 
in  the  tower,  where  he  was  debarred  from  all  intercourse,  and 
from  the  use  of  pen  and  paper,  so  as  to  produce  upon  the  public 
mind  a  strange  and  startling  sensation." '^ 

April  5th,  1 78 1,  the  president  of  Congress  wrote  to  Gen. 
Washington  as  follows  : — "  I  have  the  honor  of  transmitting  to 
your  Excellency  the  enclosed  resolve  of  the  3d  instant,  direct- 
ing the  recall  of  Lieutenant-General  Burgoyne,  and  all  other 
officers,  prisoners  of  war,  now  absent  on  their  paroles  from 
America,  to  return  immediately. 

"  It  is  proper  to  inform  your  Excellency,  that  this  resolution 
is  adopted  in  consequence  of  information,  that  the  late  Presi- 
dent Laurens  is  confined  in  the  Tower  of  London,  as  a  state 
criminal,  under  pretext  of  his  being  guilty  of  treasonable  prac- 
tices. Should  this  resolution  embarrass  or  impede  any  measures 
your  Excellency  may  have  adopted  relative  or  preparatory  to  a 
general  exchange  of  prisoners,  it  is  taken  for  granted  that  you 
will  please  to  represent  the  same  to  Congress,  previously  to  any 
proceedings  for  carrying  the  resolve  into  execution."  Wash- 
ington sent  this  reply  to  the  president  of  Congress. 

''  New  Windsor,  16  Aprils  1781. 

"  Sir.  Previous  to  the  receipt  of  your  letter,  I  had  directed 
the  commissary  of  prisoners  to  renew  a  proposal,  which  was 
sometime  since  made  to  the  enemy,  for  exchanging  General 
Burgoyne,  and  a  baknce  of  private  prisoners  due  to  us,  for 
the  residue  of  our  officers  on   Long  Island,  and  as  many  of 


Appendix  No,  6.  409 

the  southern  officers  as  would  make  up  the  difference.  My 
motives  for  this  proposal  were  these.  General  Burgoyne  is 
said  to  be  in  ill  health  ;  his  death  would  deprive  us  in  exchanges 
of  the  value  of  one  thousand  and  forty  private  men,  or  officers 
equivalent,  according  to  the  tariff  which  has  been  settled.  I 
thought  it  advisable  not  to  risk  so  considerable  a  loss,  when  his 
exchange  would  give  relief  to  a  number  of  our  officers  in  cap- 
tivity, and  disembarrass  the  public  of  the  inconvenience  of 
maintaining  them  there. 

"  The  moment  I  received  your  letter  I  wrote  to  Mr.  Skinner,'* 
(the  commissary  general  of  prisoners)  "  countermanding  his  in- 
structions. I  believe  the  countermand  will  arrive  before  he  has 
done  anything  in  the  matter  ;  but  if  it  does  not,  I  am  persuaded 
the  enemy  will  again  reject  the  proposal.  As  soon  as  I  hear 
from  him,  if  things  are  situated  as  I  expect,  I  will  execute 
immediately  the  order  for  the  recall  of  General  Burgoyne.  To 
the  best  of  my  recollection,  all  the  officers  in  Europe  on 
parole  have  been  exchanged.     I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c."  ** 

Notice  of  the  above  requisition  of  Congress  was  accordingly 
sent  to  Sir  Henry  Clinton  with  the  request  that  the  necessary 
steps  might  be  taken  for  a  speedy  compliance  with  it ;  but 
Washington's  letter  wrought  a  change  in  the  views  of  Congress, 
hence,  on  April  23d,  it  rescinded  its  former  vote  ;  and  General 
Clinton  was  then  requested  to  countermand  the  order  if  it  had 
already  been  transmitted  to  England."*' 

Congress,  and  especially  Laurens'   brother  Carolinians,  were 

desirous  of  effecting  the  release  of  their  late  president,  and  on 

June  14,  1 78 1,  that  body  voted,  by  26  to  6,  on  motion  of  Mr. 

Matthews  of  South  Carolina,  seconded  by  Mr.  Sharpe  of  North 

52 


410  Appendix  No.  6. 

Carolina,  "  That  the  minister  plenipotentiary  of  these  United 
States  at  the  court  of  Versailles,  be  authorized  and  empowered 
to  offer  lieutenant-general  Burgoyne  in  exchange  for  the  hon. 
Henry  Laurens."** 

In  August,  1781,  Edmund  Burke  wrote  from  London  to 
Dr.  Franklin  in  France,  as  follows :  "  I  have  lately  been  in- 
formed with  great  certainty,  and  with  no  less  surprise,  that  the 
congress  have  made  an  application  for  the  return  of  my  friend 
General  Burgoyne  to  captivity  in  America,  at  a  time  when  the 
exchange  of  almost  all  the  rest  of  the  convention  officers  has 
been  completed.  It  is  true  that  this  requisition  has  been  for 
the  present  withdrawn  :  but  then  it  may  be  renewed  at  every 
instant ;  and  no  arrangement  has  been  made  or  proposed,  which 
may  prevent  a  thing,  on  all  accounts  so  very  disagreeable,  as 
to  see  the  most  opposite  interests  conspiring  in  tbc  persecution 
of  a  man,  formed,  by  the  unparalleled  candour  and  moderation 
of  his  mind,  to  unite  the  most  discordant  parties  in  his  favour. 

**  I  own  this  proceeding  of  the  congress  fills  me  with  aston- 
ishment. I  am  persuaded  that  some  unusually  artful  manage- 
ment, or  very  unexampled  delusion,  has  operated  to  produce  an 
effect  which  cannot  be  accounted  for  on  any  of  the  ordinary 
principles  of  nature  or  of  policy. 

"  I  shall  not  enter  into  the  particulars  of  the  convention 
under  which  this  claim  is  made,  nor  into  the  construction  of  it, 
nor  the  execution.  I  am  not,  perhaps,  capable  of  doing  justice 
to  the  merits  of  the  cause  ;  and  if  I  were,  I  am  not  disposed  to 
put  them  upon  any  ground  of  argument,  because  (whatever 
others  might  and   possibly  ought   to  do)  I  am  not  pleading  a 


Appendix  No,  b,  4.11 

point  of  strict  right,  but  appealing  to  your  known  principles  of 
honour  and  generosity,  with  the  freedom  and  privileges  of  an 
old  friendship ;  and  as  I  suppose  you  perfectly  acquainted  with 
the  whole  history  of  the  extraordinary  treatment  General  Bur- 
goyne  has  met  with,  I  am  resolved  not  to  show  so  much  dis- 
trust in  so  sound  a  memory  and  so  good  a  judgment  as  yours,  as 
to  attempt  to  refresh  the  one  or  to  lead  the  other. 

"  I  am  ready  to  admit  that  General  Burgoyne  has  been,  and 
(as  far  as  what  is  left  him  will  suffer)  is  a  very  affectionate  and 
a  very  jealous  servant  of  the  crown  ;  and  that  in  America  he 
acted  as  an  officer  of  the  king  (so  long  as  fortune  favoured  him) 
with  great  abilities,  and  distinguished  fidelity,  activity,  and 
spirit.  You,  my  dear  sir,  who  have  made  such  astonishing 
exertions  in  the  cause  which  you  espouse,  and  are  so  deeply 
read  in  human  nature  and  in  human  morals,  know  better 
than  anybody,  that  men  will  and  that  sometimes  they  are  bound 
to  take,  very  different  views  and  measures  of  their  duty  from 
local  and  from  professional  situation ;  and  that  we  may  all  have 
equal  merit  in  extremely  different  lines  of  conduct.  You  know 
that  others  may  deserve  the  whole  of  your  admiration  in  a 
cause,  in  which  your  judgment  leads  you  to  oppose  them. 
But  whatever  may  be  your  opinions  on  the  origin  of  this  fataJ 
war,  I  assure  you,  General  Burgoyne  has  the  merit  of  never 
having  driven  it  on  with  violence,  or  fostered  or  kept  it  alive  by 
any  evil  arts,  or  aggravated  its  natural  mischiefs  by  unnecessa'ry 
rigour  j  but  has  behaved  on  all  occasions  with  that  temper 
which  becomes  a  creat  military  character,  which  loves  nothing 
so  well  in  the  profession,  as  the  means  it  so  frequently  fur- 
nishes of  splendid  acts  of  generosity  and  humanity. 


4-12  Appendix  No,  6. 

'*  You  have  heard  of  the  sacrifices  he  has  made  to  his  nice 
sense  of  honour,  on  this  side  of  the  water  \  —  sacrifices  far 
beyond  the  just  demands  of  the  principle  to  which  they  were 
made.  This  has  been  no  advantage  to  the  country  where  he 
was  piqued  to  it.  Shall  America,  too,  call  for  sacrifices  that 
are  still  more  severe,  and  of  full  as  little  advantage  to  those  who 
demand  them  ?"•* 


Franklin  sent  Burke  this  reply. 

**Passy,  15  October^  1781. 
"  Sir,  I   received  but    a  few  days  ago   your  very  friendly 
letter  of  August  last,  on  the  subject  of  General  Burgoyne. 

'*  Since  the  foolish  part  of  mankind  will  make  wars  from 
time  to  time,  with  each  other,  not  having  sense  enough  other- 
wise to  settle  their  differences,  it  certainly  becomes  the  wiser 
part,  who  cannot  prevent  these  wars,  to  alleviate  as  much  as 
possible  the  calamities  attending  them.  Mr.  Burke  always  stood 
high  in  my  esteem  ;  but  his  affectionate  concern  for  his  friend 
renders  him  still  more  aimiable,  and  makes  the  honor  he  does 
oie  of  admitting  me  of  the  number,  stiil  more  precious. 

**  I  do  not  think  the  Congress  have  any  wish  to  persecute 
General  Burgoyne.  I  never  heard,  till  I  received  your  letter, 
that  they  had  recalled  him  ;  if  they  have  made  such  a  resolu- 
tion, it  must  be,  I  suppose,  a  conditional  one,  to  take  place  in 
case  their  offer  ot  exchanging  him  for  Mr.  Laurens  should  not 
be  accepted ;  a  resolution  intended  merely  to  enforce  that  offer. 

**  I  have  just  received  an  authentic  copy  of  the  resolve  con- 
taining that  offer ;  and  authorizing  me  to  make  it.  As  I  have 
no  communication  with  your  ministers,  I  send  it  enclosed  to 


Appendix  No,  6.  413 

you.  If  you  can  find  any  means  of  negotiating  this  business, 
I  am  sure  the  restoring  another  worthy  man  to  his  family  and 
frienus  will  be  an  addition  to  your  pleasure.  With  great  and 
invariable  respect  and  affection,  I  am,  Sir,  your  most  obedient 
and  most  humble  servant. 

B.  Franklin.  "■» 

The  ignorance  of  Congress  of  the  feelings  the  British  ministry 
entertained  towards  Burgoyne  as  exhibited  by  offering  him  in 
exchange  for  Laurens,  is  clearly  shown  by  the  following  ex- 
tracts frt)m  two  of  Edmund  Burke's  letters  to  Mons.  Bour- 
dicu,  written  in  Dec,  1781.  "I  confess,"  wrote  Burke,  '*  I 
was  extremely  surprised  at  the  proposal  of  that  specific  ex- 
change by  congress,  as  a  means  of  obtaining  the  release  of  Mr. 
Laurens.  Hdd  I  attempted  to  act  on  that  plan,  before  the 
late  event  in  America,*'  (the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis), 
"  I  should  infallibly  have  double-locked  the  gates  of  the  Tower 
on  that  gentleman.  The  ministers  have  long  wished  with  as 
much  earnestness  to  send  General  Burgoyne  into  captivity,  as 
the  congress  could  desire  to  free  their  late  worthy  president 
from  his  present  restraint ;  and  they  would  have  the  more 
obstinately  persevered  in  their  strictness  with  regard  to  him,  in 
order  to  double  their  triumph,  by  making  congress  itself  their 
instrument  in  imprisoning  the  man  they  meant  to  free,  and  con- 
fining the  man  these  ministers  meant  to  confine.  I  suppose 
Mr.  Laurens  knows  that  the  ministers  had  ordered  General 
Burgoyne  into  captivity  previously  to  any  requisition  whatso- 
ever ;  and  that  General  Burgoyne,  from  a  sense  of  that  un- 
paralleled indignity,  had  thrown  up  all  his  valuable  military 
employments."'*  Again  Burke  wrote  a  fortnight  later:  — 
'*  On  the  whole  of  this  transaction  as  it  stands,  I  am  obliged  to 


414-  appendix  No,  6. 

suppose  that  a  negative  is  put  upon  the  exchange,  and  that  1 
am  charged  and  defied  to  produce  any  instance  of  ill-tieatment 
which  Mr.  Laurens  has  received.  Notwithstinding  the  change 
in  the  circumstances  of  public  affairs,  ministers  seem  to  me  to 
adhere,  with  as  much  obstinacy  as  ever,  to  their  betraying  and 
ruining  those  who  have  had  the  indiscretion  or  the  misfortune  of 
acting  under  them,  and  who  are  not  willing  to  sacrihce  their 
honour,  by  bearing  with  a  degenerate  patience  the  blame  of  their 
mismanagements.  Their  unwillingness  to  consent  to  this  ex- 
change, I  must  fairly  say,  does  not  arise  from  anv  particular 
animosity  to  Mr.  Laurens,  whom,  (since  they  despair  of  an- 
swering any  purpose  in  their  politics,  by  making  him  an  object 
of  judicial  proceeding,)  they  do  not  wish,  I  believe,  any  longer 
to  persecute.  There  are  two  causes  for  it,  as  I  apprehended, — 
the  first,  their  implacable  enmity  to  General  Burgoyne,  for  his 
having  discountenanced  the  delusions  by  which  they  proposed 
to  carry  on  the  American  war,  the  principal  of  which  consisted 
in  the  representation  of  the  numbers  and  zeal  of  those  who  ad- 
hered to  the  royal  cause,  in  opposition  to  the  republican 
governments  which  have  been  newly  set  up,  and  the  smal'ness 
of  the  numbers  and  pusillanimity  of  character  of  those  who 
supported  those  governments.  General  Burgoyne,  in  the  inquiry 
to  which  he  forced  them  to  submit  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
has  done  more  than  anybody  towards  detecting  these  im- 
postures, among  all  those  who  have  not  been  paid  for  still  pre- 
tending a  belief  in  them.  The  next,  is  in  the  desire  of  keeping 
open  this  exchange  in  favour  of  some  general  officer,  who  may 
choose  to  merit  their  countenance  and  protection  by  a  prudent 
silence  upon  those  delicate  topics.  This  is  the  true  spirit  of  the 
transaction  so  far  as  it  relates  to  General  Burgoyne.*"' 


Appendix  No.  6.  415 

In  acknowledging  Franklin's  letter  of  Oct.  15th,  in  the  latter 
part  of  December,  1781,  Burke  used  this  language  ; — "  I  am  to 
tell  you  then,  that  I  was  honoured  with  yours  of  the  15th  of 
October  ;  but  it  did  not  come  to  my  hands  till  more  than  a 
month  after  it  was  written.  I  only  waited  to  communicate 
the  contents  to  the  gentlemen  concerned,  and  then  opened  my 
treaty  with  the  ministers.  I  was  not  so  fortunate  as,  in  reason, 
I  ouj/,ht  to  have  expected.  All  men  are  not  of  the  description, 
or  of  the  sentiments,  which  you  have  mentioned  in  your  letter. 
The  animosity  against  General  Burgoyne  continues.  Mr. 
Laurens  is  still  in  the  Tower.  I  hope  the  former  will  find  a 
better  resource  in  the  magnanimity  of  a  generous  enemy,  than 
in  the  justice  of  those  under  whose  direction  he  was  brought 
into  a  situation  which  makes  such  a  resource  necessary.  *  *  * 
The  reason  alleged  for  refusing  that  exchange  voted  by 
Congress  was,  that  they  had  apprehended  General  Burgoyne 
was  already  exchanged  for  a  thousand  soldiers.  It  was  to  no 
purpose  that  I  pleaded  the  utter  impossibility  of  that  fact. 
Congress  had  made  a  vote  in  favour  of  Mr.  Laurens,  and  they 
would  never  act  in  a  manner  repugnant  to  their  own  honot  , 
as  well  as  so  cruelly  and  treacherously  by  their  late  president, 
as  to  falsify  their  own  vote  for  his  release.  At  that  time  they 
had  no  officer  of  rank  in  their  hands.  It  was,  in  confirmation 
of  this  idea,  represented  that  no  such  exchange  for  soldiers  had 
taken  place,  months  after  the  vote,  when  Sir  Henry  Clinton 
was  off  the  Chesapeake.  As  to  the  exchange  for  soldiers,  the 
Ccdres  were  always  included  in  the  men.     It  was  represented 

to   them,  that had    always  made  the   offer  when    General 

Burgoyne  was  concerned ;  because  they  knew  these  prisoners 
had  always  been  refused  in  account,  and  we:^  sensible  that  they 


4i6  '   Appendix  No,  6. 

had  taken  efFectual   means   that  no  such  exchange  should  ever 
be  made."  3° 

Notwithstanding  Lord  George  Germaine's  reply  to  Burgoyne 
in  parliament,  Burke  undoubteuly  struck  the  true  reason  for  the 
British  ministry's  willingness  to  exchange  Burgoyne  for  his 
equivalent  in  privates,  provided  the  American  prisoners  taken 
at  the  Cedars  were  included  in  the  number ;  for,  as  Congress 
had  refused  since  1776  to  receive  those  prisoners  in  exchange, 
the  ministry,  not  desiring  at  heart  to  effect  Burgoyne's  release, 
confidently  relied  upon  Congress  remaining  steadfast  to  the  end 
in  the  course  it  had  adhered  to  for  more  than  five  years.  For 
an  account  of  the  affair  at  the  Cedars  the  reader  is  referred  to 
the  sketch  of  Major  George  Forster,  ante  page  99,  note.  Not- 
withstanding Burke's  scouting  the  idea  that  Congress,  having 
once  offered  Burgoyne  for  Laurens,  would  not  consent  to  the 
former's  exchange  until  the  latter  was  liberated,  the  reason 
alleged  by  Lord  George  Germaine  for  refusing  the  Burgoyne- 
Laurens  exchange,  viz.,  the  apprehension  of  the  ministers  that 
Burgoyne  had  already  been  exchanged,  had  a  foundation  in 
fact,  as  shown  by  the  following  letter  from  Gen.  Washington 
to  the  president  of  Congress,  and  the  congressional  action 
thereon. 

"Head-Quarters,  Dobbs's  Ferry,  8  August,  1781. 

"  Sir,  I  do  myself  the  honor  to  inform  Congress,  through 
your  Excellency,  that,  at  a  late  meeting  between  the  American 
and  British  commissaries  of  prisoners,  it  has  been  proposed  by 
the  latter  to  go  into  a  full  exchange  of  Lieutenant-General 
Burgoyne    and  all  the   remaining  officers  of  convention   (by 


Appendix  No.  6.  417 

composition  where  rank  will  not  apply)  for  the  remainder  of 
our  officers  in  this  quarter,  and  after  them  for  those  taken  at 
the  southward.  One  of  the  terms  insisted  upon  is,  that  the 
prisoners  surrendered  by  the  capitulation  of  the  Cedars,  to  the 
amount  of  four  hundred  and  forty-three,  shall  be  allowed. 

"  I  have  not  thought  myself  at  liberty  to  accede  to  these 
proposals  without  the  concurrence  of  Congress,  for  the  follow- 
ing reasons;  that  I  imagine  our  minister  at  the  court  of 
Versailles  has  been  already  directed  to  propose  the  exchange 
of  Lieutenant- General  Burgoyne  for  the  Honorable  Mr. 
Laurens  ;  that  I  do  not  know  whether  it  would  be  agreeable 
to  Congress  to  release  the  whole  of  the  convention  officers, 
before  they  have  obtained  a  settlement  for  the  subsistence  of 
those  troops ;  and  lastly  because  the  refusal  of  the  ratification 
of  the  convention  of  the  Cedars  has  never  been  repealed. 

**  I  would  beg  leave  to  remark  on  the  two  last,  that  the  ex- 
change of  our  full  colonels  can  never  be  obtained  but  by  com- 
position, and  that  it  is  better  to  effect  this  by  a  composition  for 
inferior  officers  than  for  men,  because  the  enemy  gain  no  re- 
inforcement by  such  a  mode.  To  relieve  the  full  colonels  in 
this  quarter  only,  who,  all  but  one,  have  been  prisoners  since 
'777'  would  take  seven  hundred  privates.  Should  the  security 
for  the  convention  debt  still  be  urged,  I  would  answer,  that 
we  may  perhaps  deceive  ourselves  in  supposing  that  the  balance 
upon  a  general  settlement,  for  the  subsistence  of  all  prisoners 
since  the  commencement  of  the  war,  will  be  much  in  our 
favor.  I  am  inclined  to  think  we  shall  find  it  the  contrary, 
and  owing  to  this,  namely,  that  the  British  have  constantly 
kept  their  accounts  with  accuracy  and  have  vouchers  ready  to 

53 


41 8  Appendix  No,  6. 

support  them.  We,  on  the  other  hand,  shall  be  found  very 
deficient  on  that  score  ;  indeed,  I  fear  almost  totally  so,  except 
in  the  instance  of  the  convention  troops  and  prisoners  of  war 
latterly.      ; 

'*  Congress  will  judge  of  the  expediency  of  repealing  their 
act  respecting  the  convention  of  the  Cedars  upon  the  present 
occasion.  Mr.  Skinner,  the  commissary-general  of  prisoners, 
will  have  the  honor  of  delivering  this  to  your  Excellency.  I 
shall  be  obliged  by  an  answer  to  the  several  points  contained 
in  it,  at  his  return,  that  I  may  instruct  him  accordingly. 
"I  have  the  honor  to  be,  &c."  3' 

Washington's  letter  was  referred  to  a  committee  of  Congress, 
and  the  Journals  of  that  body  for  August  2ist,  1 781,  contain 
the  following  entry.  "  The  report  of  a  committee,  consisting 
of  Mr.  Boudinot,  Mr.  Varnum,  Mr.  Sherman,  to  whom  was  re- 
ferred a  letter  of  the  8tn,  from  general  Washington,  was  taken 
into  consideration;  wherein  the  committee  state,  ^that  at  a 
meeting  of  the  commissaries  of  prisoners  for  both  parties,  at 
Germantown,  in  the  month  of  June,  1778,  a  demand  was 
made  by  the  American  commissary  for  payment  of  a  number 
of  Canadian  officers,  taken  at  St.  John's  and  Chamblee,  and 
sent  into  the  British  lines  in  1776.  The  British  commissary 
at  the  same  time  demanding  an  allowance  for  440  American 
prisoners  taken  at  the  Cedars,  and  returned  on  parole  :  that  it 
was  then  agreed  between  the  said  commissaries  that  both  these 
demands  should  rest,  one  against  the  other,  till  the  British  com- 
missary should  obtain  a  certificate  ;  '  whereupon, 

"  Resolved^  That  the  commander  in  chief  be,  and  he  is 
hereby  authorized,  to  go  into  a  full  exchange  of  lieutenant- 


Appendix  No,  6.  419 

general  Burgoyne,  and  all  the  remaining  officers  of  the  conven- 
tion of  Saratoga,  with  the  enemy,  in  such  manner  as  to  him 
shall  appear  most  conducive  to  the  general  interests  of  the 
United  States. 

*'  Resolved^  That  the  prisoners  taken  by  the  enemy  at  the 
Cedars,  may  be  considered  as  subjects  of  exchange,  notwith- 
standing any  former  resolutions  of  Congress  to  the  contrary ; 
and  that  the  commander  in  chief  be,  and  hereby  is  instructed 
to  charge  in  the  intended  exchange,  the  several  officers  taken 
in  Canada,  and  whose  ranks  were  disputed  by  the  enemy  and 
engaged  by  their  commissary  to  be  settled  and  adjusted  in 
manner  aforesaid,  according  to  the  ranks  mentioned  in  their 
paroles,  unless  the  enemy  produce  sufficient  proof  of  a  different 
rank." 

The  following  day,  August  22d,  Congress  further 
"  Resolved^  That  in  case  general   Burgoyne  shall  have  oeen 
exchanged  for  the  hon.  Henry   Laurens,  credit  shall  be  given 
for  the  officers  which  may  be  received  for  him  in  the  general 
exchange,  authorized  by  the  resolution  of  the  2ist."3» 

It  was  under  the  congressional  authority  of  August  21, 
1 78 1,  that  Burgoyne  was  exchanged,  though  the  exact  date  of 
the  exchange  is  not  known.  From  Burgoyne's  speech  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  Dec.  17,  1781,  before  alluded  to,  and  the 
reason  given  to  Burke,  in  the  same  month,  by  the  British 
ministry,  for  refusing  Burgoyne  for  Laurens,  viz.,  the  belief 
that  Burgoyne  had  already  been  exchanged, — it  is  not  unlikely 
that  the  enmity  of  the  North  administration  to  Burgoyne  caused 
it  to  withhold  from  him  formal  notice  of  his  exchange.  Lord 
North  resigned  March  20,  1782,  and  two  days  later  his  ministry 


SSsmve^g" 


4-20  Appendix  No.  6. 

was  succeeded  by  the  Rockingham  administration,  which  con- 
tained a  number  of  Burgoyne'?  friends,  Burke  among  the 
number  ;  and  then  certainly,  even  if  not  earlier,  his  exchange 
became  known  to  him  ;  and  on  the  i6th  of  the  next  month 
he  was  appointed  commander-in-chief  of  the  forces  in  Ireland, 
as  well  as  a  privy  councillor  there,  which  positions  he  held 
until  Jan.,   1784.3-33 

The  Earl  Fitzwilliam  and  Sir  Richard  Bourke,  the  editors 
of  Edmund  Burke's  works  (Rivirgton's  edition,  1852;,  are 
certainly  in  error  where  they  say  in  a  note  on  page  466  of  vol. 
I, — "To  the  exertions  of  Mr.  Burke  in  this  matter,  may  be 
attributed  the  exchange  of  General  Burgoyne  for  xVlr.  Henry 
Laurens,"  &c.  On  August  2d,  1782,  Sir  Guy  Carleton  and 
Admiral  Digby,  the  British  military  and  naval  commanders 
then  in  New  York,  wrote  a  letter  to  Gen.  Washington,  in 
which  were  these  sentences.  "  With  respect  to  Mr.  Laurens, 
we  are  to  acquaint  you,  that  he  has  been  enlarged  and  dis- 
charged trom  all  engagements  without  any  conditions  what- 
ever i  after  which  he  declared  of  his  own  accord,  that  he 
considered  Lord  Cornwallis  as  freed  from  his  parole.  Upon 
this  point  we  are  to  desire  your  Excellency's  sentiments,  or 
those  of  Congress."  3*  This  caused  Washington  to  write  to 
the  secretaiy  ot  war  under  date  ot  August  18,  1782,  as 
follows  : — ''  i  have  had  the  pleasure  ot  receiving  your  private 
letter  ot  the  1 2th  instant.  I  cannot  but  think  the  conduct  re- 
specting the  release  of  Lord  Cornwallis  very  extraordinary. 
Is  it  reasonable  that  Mr.  Laurens  should  be  at  lull  liberty,  and 
acting  as  a  commissioner  in  Europe,  while  Lord  Cornwallis, 
for  whose  liberation  he  pledged  his  own  honor,  and  consequently 
AS  a  public  man  that  of  the  States,  is  held  bound  by  his  parole  ? 


appendix  No.  6.  4.21 

Either  disavow  the  propriety  of  Mr.  Laurens's  conduct,  and 
let  him  be  remanded  by  the  British  ministry,  or  set  Lord 
Cornwaliis  at  equal  liberty.  I  am  placed  in  a  very  delicate 
situation.  Sir  Guy  Carleton  has  given  me  official  information 
of  the  transaction,  and  has  called  for  a  confirmation  of  Mr. 
Laurens's  act.  I  have  referred  the  matter  to  the  proper  place, 
and  I  can  obtain  no  answer.  In  my  letters  to  General  Carleton 
I  am  obliged  to  be  for  the  present  silent,  but  I  certainly  must 
expect  to  hear  from  him  again.  Do,  my  good  Sir,  endeavour 
to  obtain  a  decision  upon  this  matter."  The  letter  from  Sir 
Guy  Carleton  and  Admiral  Digby  to  General  Washington  was 
referred  by  Congress  to  a  committee,  who  *'  proposed  and  re- 
ported, that  the  General  should  be  directed  to  empower  his 
commissioners  "  [for  negotiating  a  cartel]  "  to  release  Earl 
Cornwaliis  from  his  parole  in  return  for  the  indulgence  granted 
to  Mr.  Laurens  ;  but  Mr.  Rutledge,  one  of  the  committee,  in- 
veighed against  this  with  so  much  warmth  and  indignation, 
that  it  was  rejected  with  a  loud  and  general  No  from  all  parts 
of  the  House  "  35 

Events  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  had  already  oc- 
curred, of  which,  however,  Congress  seem  to  have  been 
ignorant  when  it  passed  its  vote  in  August,  just  alluded  to.  Dr. 
Franklin  wrote  from  Passy,  in  France,  June  28,  1 781,  to 
Robert  R.  Livingston,  as  follows  :  "  In  mine  of  the  25th 
instant,  I  omitted  mentioning,  that,  at  the  repeated,  earnest 
instances  of  Mr.  Laurens,  who  had  given  such  expectations  to 
the  ministry  in  England,  when  his  parole  or  securities  were 
discharged,  as  that  he  could  not  think  himself  at  liberty  to  act 
in  public  affairs,  till  the  parole  of  Lord  Cornwaliis  was  ab- 
solved by  me  in  exchange,  I  sent  to  that  general  the  paper,  of 


422  Appendix  No.  6. 

which  the  enclosed  is  a  copy  ;  and  I  see  by  the  English  papers, 
that  his  Lordship,  immediately  on  the  receipt  of  it,  appeared  at 
court,  and  has  taken  his  seat  in  the  House  of  Peers,  which  he 
did  not  before  think  was  warrantable.  My  authority  for  doing 
this  appeared  questionable  to  myself;  but  Mr.  Laurens  judged 
it  deducible  from  that  respecting  General  Burgoyne,  and,  by 
his  letters  to  me,  seemed  so  unhappy,  till  it  was  done,  that  I 
ventured  it,  with  a  clause,  however,  as  you  will  see,  reservinfi; 
to  Congress  the  approbation  or  disallowance  of  it."  The 
following  is  the  paper  alluded  to  in  the  letter. 

"  The  discharge  of  Lord  Cornwallis  from  his  Parole. 

^*  The  Congress  having,  by  a  resolution  of  the  14th  of  June 
last,  empowered  me  to  offer  an  exchange  of  General  Bur- 
goyne for  the  Honorable  Henry  Laurens,  then  a  prisoner  in  the 
Tower  of  London,  and  whose  liberty  they  much  desire  to 
obtain,  which  exchange,  though  proposed  by  me,  according  to 
the  said  resolution,  had  not  been  accepted  or  executed,  when 
advice  was  received,  that  General  Burgoyne  was  exchanged  in 
virtue  of  another  agreement;  and  Mr.  Laurens  thereupon 
having  proposed  another  lieutenant-general,  viz.,  Lord  Corn- 
wallis, as  an  exchange  for  himself,  promising,  that,  if  set  at 
liberty,  he  would  do  his  utmost  to  obtain  a  confirmation  of  that 
proposal ;  and  Mr.  Laurens  being  soon  after  discharged,  and 
having  since  urged  me  earnestly,  in  several  letters,  to  join  with 
him  in  absolving  the  parole  of  that  general,  which  appears  to 
be  a  thing  just  and  equitable  in  itself;  and  for  the  honor  there- 
fore of  our  country,  I  do  hereby,  as  far  as  in  my  power  lies,  in 
virtue  of  the  above  resolution,  or  otherwise,  absolve  and  dis- 


Appendix  No.  6.  423 

charge  the  parole  of  Lord  Cornwallis,  given  by  him  in  Virginia  ; 
setting  him  at  entire  liberty  to  act  in  his  civil  or  military  capacity, 
until  the  pleasure  of  Congress  shall  be  known,  to  whom  is 
reserved  the  confirmation  or  disapprobation  of  this  discharge,  in 
case  they  have  made,  or  shall  intend  to  make,  a  different  dis- 
position. 

"  Given  at  Passy,  this  9th  day  of  June,  1782. 

"  B.  Franklin, 
"  Minister  Plenipotentiary  from  the  United  States 
of  America   to  the  Court  of  France  "^^ 

We  cannot  find  that  Congress  ever  took  any  action  upon 
Franklin's  discharge  of  Cornwallis  ;  and  non-repudiation  was 
accepted  as  a  confirmation,  especially  as  the  fast  approaching 
steps  towards  peace  divested  the  matter  of  all  interest  and  im- 
portance. 

Before  leaving  this  matter  of  Burgoyne's  exchange,  which 
has  been  gone  into  thus  fully  from  its  having  been  so  obscure 
and  confused,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  allude  to  the  subsistence 
of  prisoners,  referred  to  in  some  of  the  communications.  Gen. 
Washington  used  this  language  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Guy  Carleton. 

"  Head  Quarters,  2  October^  1782. 
"  Sir. 

"  Your  Excellency  will  have  been  informed  by  your  com- 
missioners, of  the  causes  which  obstructed  their  poceeding 
upon  business  at  the  late  meeting  at  Tappan.  The  com- 
missioners on  the  part  of  the  United  States  laid  before 
those   appointed    by    your   Excellency  and   Admiral    Digby, 


424- 


Appendix  No.  6. 


a  remonstrance,  on  the  subject  of  the  immense  expense  arising 
from  the  support  of  so  great  a  number  of  British  prisoners  as 
we  now  have  in  our  possession,  without  any  present  compensa- 
tion or  proper  security  for  the  payment  hereafter.  This  remon- 
strance your  commissioners  did  not  think  themselves  at  liberty 
to  accept.  I  am,  therefore,  under  the  necessity  of  furnishing 
your  Excellency  with  a  copy  of  it,  and  of  assuring  you,  agreea- 
bly to  my  instructions,  from  the  honorable  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  '  that,  if  this,  like  former  representations,  should 
produce  no  effect,  it  will  be  high  time  to  take  measures,  how- 
ever disagreeable,  for  diminishing  a  burthen  which  is  become 
intolerable,' 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  be,"  &c. 

Carleton's  reply,  dated  New  York,  Oct.  25,  1782,  was,  in 
part,  as  follows:  *' I  am  much  at  a  loss  how  to  answer  the 
declarations  of  Congress  communicated  to  me  by  your  Excel- 
lency's letter  of  the  2d  instant,  nor  do  I  fully  comprehend  their 
import.  I  understand,  that  the  practice  has  been  for  nations 
at  war  to  provide  at  the  conclusion  of  a  peace  for  the  liquidation 
of  all  demands,  made  reciprocally  for  the  maintenance  of 
prisoners ;  at  which  time  the  whole  has  either  been  compen- 
diously settled,  or  further  time  given  to  collect  an  account  of 
expenses  of  maintenance  from  all  parts  where  they  have  been 
incurred  ;  but  we.  Sir,  on  our  part  can  have  no  objection  to 
appoint  commissaries  at  this  period  for  the  purpose  of  liquida- 
tion, if  Congress  earnestly  desire  that  such  liquidation  shall  be 
so  prematurely  made,  but  it  has  not  been  usual  I  think  since  the 
barbarous  ages  to  use  any  menaces,  however  obscure,  towards 
prisoners,  and  still  less  to  practice  towards  them  any  barbarity."  " 


Appendix  No,  6.  425 

It  seems  from  the  foregoing,  that,  at  the  time  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, prisoners  were  either  bound  to  provide  for  themselves,  or 
their  government  for  them,  and  that  the  United  States  were  for 
having  prompt  settlements  for  subsistence,  which  is  what  was 
referred  to  in  regard  to  Burgoyne. 

The  notoriety  Burgoyne  attained  in  the  political  world  is 
well  illustrated  by  an  extract  from  a  letter  from  Birmingham, 
dated  Aug.  17,  1778,  printed  in  the  London  Chronicle  for  Aug. 
15-18,  in  that  year.  The  letter  proceeds  as  follows :  "On 
Monday  last,"  (Aug.  10,  1778)  "in  the  afternoon,  arrived  here 
from  Bath,  on  his  way  to  his  seat  in  Lancashire,  attended  by 
two  servants  only.  Lieutenant-general  Burgoyne.  His  arrival 
was  no  sooner  known,  than  the  bells  began  ringing,  and  a  great 
number  of  people  assembled  before  the  Swan  inn  where  the 
General  had  stopped  ;  after  some  little  refreshment,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  New-Hall-street,  to  view  Clay's  Paper  Manufactory 
there  ;  by  which  time  the  spectators  were  become  very  numer- 
ous, both  in  the  street,  and  at  the  windows  of  the  houses  there- 
in, who  all  discovered  an  uncommon  propensity  to  see  this 
unfortunate  commander,  whose  conduct  in  America,  had  been 
the  subject  of  universal  conversation  in  the  political  world. 
The  General  after  viewing  the  manufactory,  came  to  the  door, 
and  was  received  with  loud  acclamations,  which  he  politely  re- 
turned by  bowing  ;  then  getting  into  his  carriage,  he  pursued 
his  journey  to  Soho,  (where  he  spent  a  considerable  time)  amidst 
reiterated  shouts  of  the  populace,  who  seemed  happy  in  the  in- 
dulgence of  their  curiosity." 

On  the   7th   of  June,   1782,   Burgoyne  was    commissioned 
colonel  of  the  4th,  or  Kings's  Own  Regiment  of  Foot ; '  and 

54 


426  Appendix  No.  6. 

in  April  of  the  next  year  he  was  notified  of  his  appointment  as 
colonel  of  the  8th  Dragoons  ;  but  as  the  colonel  of  that  regiment 
did  not  die  as  expected,  Burgoyne's  succession  did  not  in  fact 
occur.3  During;  the  eight  years  of  life  remaining  to  him,  after 
resigning  as  commander  in-chief  of  the  forces  in  Ireland,  Bur- 
goyne  constantly  attended  at  the  House  of  Commons,  and  upon 
the  impeachment  of  Warren  Hastings,  was  put  upon  the  com- 
mittee of  managers.3.9 

In  the  summer  of  1792,  he  was  seized  with  a  sudden  attack 
of  gout  which  soon  terminated  his  life,  as  he  died  at  his  house 
in  Hertford  Street,  London,  Aug.  4th  of  that  year.^^  In  ac- 
cordance with  his  request  his  remains  were  privately  buried  in 
the  cloisters  of  Westminister  Abbey  beside  those  of  his  wife 
and  daughter." 

Some  years  after  his  wife's  death  Gen.  Burgoyne  formed  a 
connection  with  Miss  Susan  Caulfield,  a  professional  singer  of 
some  repute,  who  lived  with  him  during  the  remainder  of  his 
life  ;  and  by  her  he  had  four  children,  all  born  out  of  wed- 
lock, of  whom  the  late  Field  Marshal  Sir  John  Burgoyne  was 
the  eldest.  In  Gen.  Burgoyne's  will,  made  in  Dublin  while 
he  was  commander-in-chief  in  Ireland,  he  acknowledged  his 
children  and  made  provision  for  their  future  by  leaving  the  in- 
terest of  £4,000  to  their  mother  for  life,  the  principal  to  be 
equally  divided  among  the  children  at  her  death.  The  eldest 
son,  John,  was  baptized  in  the  parish  church  of  St,  Anne's, 
Soho,  on  the  15th  of  August,  1782,  under  the  names  of  John 
Fox  Burgoyne  ;  Charles  James  Fox,  the  celebrated  statesman, 
and  his  father's  intimate  friend,  acting  as  sponsor  for  him  on 
the  occasion.     As  at  Gen.  Burgoyne's  death  the  proceeds  of 


Appendix  No.  6.  427 


his  property  barely  sufficed  to  defray  the  debts  he  left  behind 
him»  his  intentions  in  regard  to  his  family  proved  unavailing  i 
and  their  lot  must  have  been  one  of  penury  had  it  not  been 
for  the  interposition  of  Lord  Derby,  Burgoyne's  wife's  nephew, 
who  removed  the  children  from  the  custody  of  the  mother  and 
took  upon  himself  their  entire  maintenance  and  education. 
The  children  were  removed  by  Lord  Derby  to  "the  Oaks/' 
near  Epsom,  a  place  which  had  formerly  belonged  to  Burgoyne 
and  which  had  been  sold  by  him  to  Lord  Derby,  after  the  loss 
of  all  his  appointments  in  1778.  A  fete  given  by  Gen.  Bur- 
goyne in  June,  1774,  at  "  the  Oaks,"  on  the  occasion  of  the 
marriage  of  this  very  Lord  Derby  with  Lady  Bettv  Hamil- 
ton, only  daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Hamilton  and  Bran- 
don, was  the  oriojn  of  his  drama  of  "  The  Maid  of  the  Oaks." 
This  Lord  Derby  was  Edward,  twelfth  Earl  of  Derby,  who 
succeeded  his  grandfather  to  the  earldom  in  1776,  and  who  is 
chiefly  known  to  posterity  as  a  distinguished  patron  of  the  turf 
and  the  founder  of  the  two  great  races  at  Epsom,  which  bear 
respectively  the  names  of  his  title,  and  place  of  residence.  Six 
weeks  after  the  death  of  hi;;  wife,  in  1797,  with  whom  he  lived 
unhappily,  and  from  whom  he  had  separated,  he  married  Miss 
Farren,  the  celebrated  actress,  with  whom  he  became  deeply 
enamored  during  the  life  of  his  wife.  Burgoyne's  descendants 
have  filled  many  high  and  honorable  positions  in  both  the  British 
army  and  navy,  and  several  of  them  are  still  living.39 

Burgoyne  possessed  considerable  literary  taste,  and  his  dra- 
matic and  poetic  works  were  collected  in  1808,  and  printed  in 
two  volumes.  The  most  popular  of  his  dramatic  compositions 
was  his  comedy  of  The  Heiress,  written  at  Knowsley  in  1785, 
and   performed   at  Drury   Lane  in    1786.       It  was  acted   for 


4-2  8  Appendix  No,  7. 

thirty  nights  during  its  first  season,  ran  through  ten  editions  in 
one  year,  was  tra.iblated  into  four  foreign  languages,  and  acted 
upon  the  French  and  German  stage/° 

Burgoyne's  life  was  essentially  a  disappointed  one.  His 
greatest  military  effort  ended  in  disaster,  and  unlike  that  other 
British  commander  that  lost  an  army  in  America,  the  Mar- 
quis Cornwallis,  no  opportunity  to  efface  the  recollection  of 
defeat  in  the  brilliancy  of  his  after  career,  was  ever  afforded 
him.  Though  his  lawful  wife  was  a  daughter  of  one  of  the 
most  noble  and  influential  families  in  England,  yet  no  child  of 
hers  survived  h"m,  and  the  offspring  of  his  mistress,  alone  per- 
petuates his  name.  The  very  splendor  of  the  careers  of  some 
of  his  descendants  must  at  times  have  keenly  reminded  them  of 
the  blemish  on  their  lineage.  Strangely  made  up  must  have 
been  that  man,  who,  a  father  of  illegitimate  children,  denying 
lawful  wedlock  to  their  mother,  could  deliberately  insert  in  his 
will,  .  s  did  Burgoyne,  such  words  as  these  :  —  "It  has  been  a 
comfort  to  me  to  hope  that  my  sensualities  have  never  injured 
nor  interrupted  the  peace  of  others." 

No  memorial  now  marks  his  grave,  and  the  precise  spot  is 
unknown.3  ['B.  R.  "M.  S.  450.  3B.  K.  *U.  S.  331  // 
post.  m.  S.  413.  «E.  V.  82.  ^B.  H.  8A.  M.  n.  V. 
•°G.  T.  Nos.  33  and  34.  "K.  C.  13,  66.  '»H.  F.  318,  334. 
'3j.  H.  "»H.  F.  551.  'sM.  S  404,422.  '^H  G.  388:  J.  I. 
•7C.  E.  E.  407,412.  '^E.  W.  W.  46.  -sM.  T.  303,  304. 
•°H.  G.  166.  ="H.  L.  444,  445  :  B.  K.  386.  "H.  P.  582. 
•3A.  L.  433.  '^M.  P.  P.  15.  "^C.  F.  F*;  99.  '6B.  T.  T. 
467.     '7D.  K.  K.  84.     '8B.  T.  T.  478.      »9B.  T.  T.  481. 

3°B.  T.   T.  483.       3'M.   P.    P.     125.       3aC.   F.   F.    135.       33A.    U. 


Appendix  No,  7.  429 

345.  34M.  p.  p.  540.  35M.  P.  P.  333,  334,  note.  3fiD.  K. 
K.  346,  327.  37M.  P.  P.  352,  541.  38D.  Z.  Z.  771.  »M. 
X.  2-5.     ""B.  K  :  B.  L.] 


NO.  7. 
Sir  Guy  Carleton, 

Afterwards  Lord  Dorchester. 

/ 

The  family  of  Carleton  is   very    old.     Guy  Carleton    was 

the  third  son   of  Christopher  Carleton,   of  Newry,    County 

Down,   Ireland,  by   his  wife,    Catherine,  daughter  of  Henry 

Ball,    and    was    born  at  Strabane,    Ireland,    Sept.    3,    1724.' 

He  began  his  military  career  in  the  Guards  at  an  early  age,  and 

was  promoted  to  a   lieutenancy   in  the  First  Foot  Guards  July 

22,  1751,  and  to  a  captain-lieutenancy  therein  June  18,  1757; 

which  last  promotion  gave  him  the   rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 

in  the  army."     In  the  campaign  in  Germany  in  1757,  he  acted 

as  aid  to  the  Duke  of  Cumberland3 ;   and  in  1758  he  embarked 

with  Gen.    Amherst   tor  the  siege  of  Louisbourg,  where    his 

active  exertions  obtained  him   considerable    credit.''     On  the 

24th  of  August,  1758,  he  was  made  the  li>?ut. -colonel  of  the 

72d  Foot.'     The  next  year,  when  Gen.  Wolfe  was  officering 

his    expedition    against    Quebec,  he    selected    Lieut. -Colonel 

Carleton  for  his  quarter  master  general  ;  but  as  this  officer  had 

given  offence    to  the  king,  the  appointment  was  secured  only 

through  the   persistence   of  the  Earl  of  Chatham,   then    Mr. 

Pitt.     The  anecdote  is  told  at   length  in  Beatson's  Naval  and 


f 
430  Appendix  No,  7. 

Military  Memoirs,  vol.  in,  226,  nofe  142.  At  the  same  time 
Lieut. -Colonel  Carleton  was  likewise  appointed  a  colonel  in 
America  only.'  On  Wolfe's  expedition  he  rendered  important 
services  and  was  singled  out  as  a  proper  officer  to  be  detached 
with  an  adequate  force  to  secure  a  post  on  the  western  point 
of  the  Isle  d'Orleans,  a  service  which  he  effectually  performed. 
Sometime  after  he  was  again  detached  to  dislodge  the  French 
from  Point  au>Tremp«,  twenty  miles  distant  from  Quebec, 
where  he  was  equally  successful^  j  and  at  the  battle  on  the 
Heights  of  Abraham,  Sept.  13,  1759,  he  was  wounded,  li,- 
ceiving  a  ball  in  the  head,  which,  it  was  feared,  had  fractured 
his  skull.*  He  took  part  in  the  battle  of  St.  Foy,  April  28, 
1760,  and  continued  to  serve  in  Canada  for  some  time  under 
Gen.  Murray.' 

On  the  expedition  against  Belle  Isle,  on  the  coast  of  France, 
he  acied  as  one  of  the  brigadier  generals  ;  and  Gen.  Hodgson, 
who  commanded,  gave  him  flattering  mention  in  the  official 
dispatches. ■♦  Feb.  19,  1762,  he  became  a  colonel  in  the  army'  ; 
and  he  soon  after  embarked  for  the  siege  of  Havannah,  in 
which  expedition  he  acted  as  the  quarter  master  general  of  the 
British  force  under  the  Earl  of  Albemarle.^  On  the  loth  of 
the  following  June  he  was  detached  from  the  camp  into  the 
woods  between  Coximar  and  the  Moro,  with  a  body  of  light 
infantry  and  grenadiers,  and  on  the  nth  he  carried  the  Spanish 
redoubt  upon  Moro  Hill,  est:iblishing  a  post  there.  His 
success  cost  him  a  wound,  for  which,  however,  the  brilliant 
reputation  and  the  ample  share  of  prize  money  he  gained  were 
doubtless  sufficient  compensation.*  In  1763,  he  was  com- 
missioned as  the  colonel  of  the  93d  Foot,  but  soon  after  the 
peace  of  that  year  his  regiment  *yas  reduced  and  he  went  upon 


Appendix  No,  7.  431 

half-pay."  Sept.  24,  1766,  he  was  made  the  lieut. -governor 
of  Q'-'.ehec,  and  when  it  was  determined  that  the  governor, 
Lieut  -Gen.  James  Murray,  should  not  return,  Lieut. -Gov. 
Carleton  was  promoted  to  be  governor,  Oct.  26,  I768.'*"  ' 
Oct.  3,  1766,  he  received  the  local  rank  of  brigadier  in  North 
America  ;  April  2,  1772,  he  became  the  colonel  of  the  47th 
Foot  ;  and  on  the  25th  of  the  following  May  a  major-general." 

During  the  agitations  in  America  preceding  the  actual  out- 
break of  the  Revolutionary  war,  the  British  ministry  called  on 
Gen.  Carleton  for  advice,'°  and  a  writer  in  the  Annual  Register 
states  that  "  it  is  supposed  that  it  was  upon  his  suggestion  they 
brought  forward  the  celebrated  Quebec  bill.  During  the  agita- 
tion of  this  measure  in  the  House  of  Commons,  he  was  ex- 
amined at  the  bar,  and  his  evidence  satisfying  both  sides  of  the 
House  of  the  expediency  of  the  measure,  it  tended,  of  course, 
to  accelerate  its  adoption."^  Upon  the  passage  of  the  Quebec 
Act,  Gen.  Carleton  at  once  repaired  to  his  province,  arriving  at 
Quebec,  Sept.  18,  1774,  in  the  ship  Canadian,  with  his  wife 
and  children."  He  was  received  with  great  rejoicing,  and  several 
addresses  of  congratulation  were  presented  to  him.'*  After 
the  Americans  surprised  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point  he 
formed  a  plan  for  the  recovery  of  those  posts,  but,  for  want  of 
British  troops  and  the  cordial  co-operation  of  the  Canadians,  his 
design  failed.  When,  later  in  1775,  Gen.  Montgomery  in- 
vaded Canada,  Gen.  Carleton's  energies  were  taxed  to  the 
utmost.  For  the  defence  of  his  whole  province  he  had  but  a 
handful  of  British  regulars  ;  while  the  fidelity  of  the  British  in- 
habitants was  anything  but  assured.*  He  attempted  to  relieve 
St.  John's  but  was  defeated  in  the  attempt.  When  Montreal 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Americans  he  escaped  capture  only  by 


4-32  Appendix  No,  7. 

fleeing  down  the  river  at  night  in  a  birch  bark  canoe  accom- 
panied by  the  boatmen  and  his  aids-de-camp.'3  His  unceasing 
activity  in  rousing  the  inhabitants,  and  his  unshaken  resolution, 
alone  preserved  the  capital ;  and  the  baffled  Americans,  after 
losing  their  brave  commander,  lingered  through  the  winter  in 
Canada,  only  to  be  driven  out  of  the  province  the  following 
spring  upon  the  arrival  of  reinforcements  from  England.**  '♦ 
Gen.  Carleton's  humane  treatment  of  American  prisoners  did 
much  to  mitigate  the  horrors  of  war  ;  and  had  all  the  British 
commanders  in  America  adopted  his  wise  moderation,  the 
achievement  of  American  independence  would  have  been  a 
much  more  difficult  undertaking  than  it  was. 

Jan.  I,  1776,  when  the  military  appointments  for  America 
incident  to  the  war  were  made,  Gen.  Carleton  was  commis- 
sioned a  genera]  in  America  only.'  His  services  in  defending 
his  province,  and  especially  its  capital,  obtained  recognition  by 
his  being  appointed  a  Knight  of  the  Bath,  July  6,  1776." 
Upon  the  defeat  of  Benedict  Arnold's  flotilla  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain  in  Oct.,  1776,  Carleton  occupied  Crown  Point,  which 
the  Americans  had  abandoned  :  deterred,  however,  by  the  late- 
ness of  the  season  he  did  not  push  on  to  Ticonderoga,  but 
returned  to  Canada  Nov.  3d. 

Though  the  appointment  of  Burgoyne  to  the  command  of 
the  force  destined  to  invade  New  York  in  1777,  was  not  in 
terms  a  supersession,  yet  Sir  Guy  Carleton  fell  that  it  was 
practically  so — at  least  such  an  exhibition  of  lack  of  confidence 
as  demanded  his  asking  to  be  relieved  of  further  command  in 
Canada.*- 's  Sir  Guy's  letter  to  Gen.  Phillips,  printed  in  the 
sketch  of  that  officer,  shows  how  little  his  sense  of  injury  in- 
terfered with  his  duty  in  regard  to  the  expedition,  as  he  wrote 


Appendix  No.  7.  433 

to  Phillips,  "  it  is  my  intention  to  provide  everything  for  this 
detachment  with  the  same  care  and  attention  to  the  good  of 
the  service  as  if  I  was  to  command  it  myself."'*  His  real 
feelings  find  expression  in  the  following  letter  from  him  to 
Burgoyne. 

"  Head  Quarters,  Quebec, 

"  l()th  July,  1777. 

"Sir  :  I  received  your  letter  of  the  nth  Instant  in  which 
you  submit  the  expediency  to  me  of  supplying  from  Canada  a 
garrison  for  Tyconderoga. 

"  I  cannot  think  it  has  been  left  in  my  power  to  send  any 
more  troops  out  of  the  province,  and  I  am  persuaded  on  read- 
ing Lord  George  Germaine's  letter  to  me  of  the  20th  of  March 
last,  marked  separate,  you  must  be  of  the  same  opinion.  He 
not  only  orders  those  I  am  to  send  and  those  I  am  to  keep, 
but  points  out  where  the  latter  are  to  be  posted,  and  you  must 
observe  the  Isle  aux  Noix  is  the  most  advanced  on  your  side. 

"  As  to  the  grand  division  of  the  Troops  his  Lordship  leaves 
no  room  for  our  reasoning  ;  but  issues  orders,  and  I  might  with 
as  great  propriety  have  disregarded  the  whole  as  part  of  his  letter  : 
Whatever  I  may  think  of  His  Lordship  as  an  officer,  or  a  states-  ' 
man,  1  must  respect  his  office,  and  as  Secretary  of  State  sig- 
nifying to  me  the  King's  pleasure  he  must  be  obeyed. 

"  I  am  but  barely  authorized  to  send  you  the  additional  com- 
panies, but  as  Lord  Barrington  tells  me  the  men  were  tocompleat 
the  corps,  and  the  officers  to  return  home  before  winter,  I  shall 
avail  myself  of  that  opening  and  send  all  those  belonging  to  the 
corps  you  took  with  you. 

55 


434-  Appendix  No.  7. 

*'  I  am  very  ready  to  acknowledge  that  I  think  the  whole  of 
our  Minister's  measures,  civil  and  military,  very  strange  ;  in- 
deed, to  me  they  appear  incomprehensible,  unless  they  turn 
upon  private  enmity  and  resentment.  I  was  so  convinced  of 
this  that  1  lost  no  time  in  entreating  the  King's  permission  to 
resign  and  return  home,  in  hopes  that  wiser  measures  might  be 
pursued  by  his  Lordship  after  my  departure;  I  will  only  add 
on  this  head  that  part  of  the  Troops  his  Lordship  stations  so 
ably  are  mere  paper."'' 

Sir  Guy's  expressions  to  Lord  George  Germaine  direct,  were 
far  more  emphatic  than  those  behind  his  back,  as  testified  by 
the  following  letter  from  him  to  that  nobleman. 

"  Quebec,  isth  June,  1778. 
"  My  Lord  :  I  formerly  observed  that  under  the  disadvan- 
tages your  Lordship's  displeasure  and  censure  had  placed  me, 
prudence  required  I  should  afford  as  little  opportunity  as  pos- 
sible to  all  who  might  desire  and  find  the  times  favorable  for 
exciting  disorder,  to  the  great  detriment  of  the  King's  service  : 
for  these  and  other  reasons  I  did  not  call  together  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  before  the  23d  of  March.     *     *     * 

"  Thus  on  my  departure,  as  on  my  arrival,  I  found  it  neces- 
sary to  exert  some  acts  of  severity  :  the  last  I  hope,  will  be  at- 
tended with  consequences  as  favourable  to  the  tranquillity  of  the 
province  as  the  former,  for  from  that  event  not  the  least  appear- 
ance of  a  cabal  of  this  sort,  till  your  Lordship's  arrangements 
and  new  system  of  politics  brought  them  forth  :  with  my  re- 
moval, I  trust,  those  measures  will  change,  and  tho.  the 
distinguished  character  of  my  successor  may  be  of  no  consid- 


Appendix  No,  7.  4.35 

eration  with  your  Lordship,  the  tranquillity  of  the  people,  the 
security  of  this  important  province,  the  dignity  and  d  iminion  of 
the  crown,  will,  I  now  ho()e,  appear  worthy  of  some  attention; 
but  should  all  these  still  give  place  to  private  resejitment  or 
private  favor,  if  the  power  of  the  crown  within  the  province 
must  be  trampled  down  to  exalt  the  sway  of  the  inferior  ser- 
vants and  scribblers,  and  while  callous  to  the  merits  of  old  and 
faithful  servants,  all  places  disposed  of  like  private  property  to 
friends  and  followers,  no  matter  how  unqualified,  or  whom  they 
thrust  out,  or  to  such  who  loud  in  their  own  praise  and  abuse 
of  better  men,  tho.  in  both  equally  unjust  ;  if  unconcerned 
for  the  interest  of  the  King,  our  master,  his  authority  must  be 
here  destroyed  that  the  rapine  and  dirt  of  office  may  find  no 
restraint,  1  will  venture  to  prognosticate  that  instead  of  subor- 
dination, tranquillity  and  obedience,  your  Lordship  will  soon 
perceive  faction  and  sedition  among  both  troops  and  people, 
and  this  great  province  run  headlong  into  the  same  disorders 
our  neighbors  have  experienced,  with  no  less  detriment  to  the 
interests  of  Great  Britain. 

*'  To  prevent  those  evils  I  early  wished  to  retire  from  before 
your  Lordship's  high  displeasure,  lest  the  King's  service  and 
public  tranquility  entrusted  to  my  hands,  should  be  destroyed 
thereby  ;  I  have  long  and  impatiently  looked  out  for  the  arrival 
of  a  successor,  happy  at  last  to  learn  his  near  approach,  that 
into  hands  less  obnoxious  to  your  Lordship  I  may  resign  the 
important  command  with  which  1  have  been  honored.  Thus 
for  the  King's  service  as  willingly  I  lay  them  down,  as  for  his 
service  I  took  them  up — the  most  essential,  and,  in  truth,  the 
only  service  in  my  power  to  render  under  your  Lordship's  ad- 
ministration.'"* 


436  .  appendix  No,  7. 

Sir  Guy's  successor,  Gen.  Haldimand,  was  not  immediately 
appointed,  and  it  was  not  until  July  29,  1778,  that  Gen.  Carle- 
ton,  with  his  family,  sailed  in  the  frigate  Montreal,  for  England  ; 
and  he  did  not  arrive  in  London  till  the  13th  of  the  following 
September.  The  disastrous  result  of  Burgoyne's  campaign 
created  a  revulsion  of  feeling  in  Sir  Guy's  favor,  and  his  caution 
about  advancing  on  Ticonderoga  in  the  autumn  of  1776,  which 
had  before  been  condemned,  was  then  understood  and  appre- 
ciated. Hence  on  his  return  to  England  he  was  honored  by 
the  nobility :  the  Quebec  merchants  in  London  gave  him, 
together  with  General  Maclean  and  Chief  Justice  Livius  of 
Quebec,  who  were  present  with  him,  an  elegant  entertainment 
at  the  London  Tavern,  Oct.  ist,  as  a  mark  of  their  respect ; 
and  the  king  received  him  with  the  most  gracious  condescension, 
and  appointed  him  Governor  of  Charlemont,  in  Ireland,  a  sine- 
cure position.  Indeed,  when,  on  Sept.  i6th.  Sir  Guy  Carleton 
was  first  presented  at  court,  after  his  return,  his  majesty  was 
pleased  to  compliment  him,  at  Burgoyne's  expense,  in  these 
significant  terms:  "  Sir,  I  am  perfectly  satisfied  with  the  whole 
of  your  conduct  during  your  government  in  Canada,  and  should 
feel  the  most  undescribable  felicity  had  I  to  thank  your  judg- 
ment for  the  preservation  of  an  army  that  hath  been  unhappily 
lost  through  a  neglect  of  those  precautions  it  suggested."'" 

Sir  Guy  Carleton  became  a  lieut. -general  in  the  army  Aug. 
29,  1777  ;'  and  he  was  subsequently  appointed  at  the  head  of  a 
commission  for  examining  the  Public  Accounts."" 

Early  in  March,  1782,  Sir  Henry  Clinton  was  superseded 
by  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  as  commander-in  chief  in  America,  with 
headquarters  at  New  York.      As   the  fighting  was   now  over, 


appendix  No,  7.  437 

however,  Sir  Guy  could  only  distinguish  himself  by  reforming 
abuses ;  and  many  supernumerary  officers  were  discharged, 
whereby  a  large  amount  was  saved  to  the  royal  treasury. 
After  the  treaty  of  peace  was  concluded  Sir  Guy  earned  for 
himself  the  gratitude  of  those  who  had  remained  loyal  to  the 
British  crown  and  were  forced  to  abandon  their  homes,  by  his 
firmness  and  sense  of  justice  in  protecting  their  interests  as  far 
as  possible.  For  a  most  interesting  sketch  of  this  important 
period  by  one  of  the  loyalists  themselves,  see  Jones's  History 
of  New  York  during  the  Revolutionary  War. 

In  consideration  of  his  eminent  services  during  the  American 
war,  Sir  Guy  Carleton  was  elevated  to  the  peerage  Aug.  21, 1786, 
as  Baron  Dorchester,  of  Dorchester,  Oxfordshire,  having  pre- 
viously obtained  a  pension  of  £1000  per  annum  for  his  own  life 
and  the  lives  of  his  wife  and  two  eldest  sons."  April  i  r,  1786, 
he  was  again  appointed  Governor  of  Quebec,  Nova  Scotia  and 
New  Brunswick,  and  he  continued  in  that  government  till 
1796,'  save  a  single  year's  absence's 

He  became  the  colonel  of  the  15th,  or  King's  Regiment  of 
Light  Dragoons,  July  16,  1790;  a  general  in  the  army,  Oct. 
12,  1793  ;  the  colonel  of  the  27th  Dragoons,  March  18,  1801  ; 
and  the  colonel  of  the  4th,  or  Queen's  Own  Dragoons,  Aug. 
14,  1802,  with  which  latter  corps  he  remained  connected  until 
his  death.'' 

After  his  return  from  America  he  lived  a  very  retired  life, 
chiefly  residing  in  the  country  ;  first  at  Kempshot,  near  Basing- 
stoke, in  Hants,  and  afterwards  at  his  seat  in  Berkshire,  near 
Maidenhead,  where  he  died  suddenly  Nov.  10,  i8o8.^' 


438  Appendix  No,  7. 

His  lordship,  though  then  without  a  title,  married   at   the 
bishop  of  London's  Palace,  at  Fulham,on  May  22,  1772,  Lady 
Maria,   third  daughter  of   Thomas   Howard,  second   Earl   of 
Effingham,  by  his  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Peter  Beckford, 
Esq.,  of  Jamaica;  and    by  her   ladyship,  who  was   born  Aug. 
30,  1753,  and   hence   twenty-nine  years  his  junior,  he  had   a 
large  family  of  children,  several  of  whom  died  in  his  lifetime.' 
His   third  son,  Christopher,  and  his  fourth   son,  George,  were 
lieut.-coloncls  in  the  army,  the  latter  of  whom  was  killed  at 
Bergen-op-Zoom  in  1814.     Lord  Dorchester  was  succeeded  in 
the   barony  by  the  son  of  his  third   son  i  and  on  the  second 
baron's  death,  in  1826,  the  barony  passed  to  Guy,  a  son  of  the 
first  Lord  Dorchester's  fourth  son." 

The   Georgian   Era,  vol.    2,   p.   71,   6*^^^  this  appreciative 
estimate  of  Sir  Guy  :-"  As  a  soldier,  Lord  Dorchester  appears 
to  have  deservedly  obtained   a  high   reputation  for  courage  and 
skill        Misfortune  animated   him  to   redoubled   exertion;  he 
always  made  the  utmost  of  his  resources ;  and  had  the  valuable 
quality  of  adapting   small  means  to  the  achievement  of  great 
results."     ['C.  D.  112-117.     '^-  ^^-      ^A.  P.  226,  note  142. 
4A   E.  162.      ^B.  W.  189.     ^J.  Z.  42.      ^L  F.  82      «A.  P. 
395,  note  193-     'F.  O.  277.      ""C  189-      "J-  »•      "^C.  791. 
'3F.  Z.  97  :  F.  1 1 78.     -"F-  456.      '^B.  N.  App.  17.      ''^  -  B. 
470     '^F.  B.  609-611.     -^F.  D.  192-199.    '9H.  J.  258,  262. 
»»H.  J.  270,  274,  278,  3^3-      "'H.  N.  42.      "B.  R.      '^K. 
U.  288.] 


Appendix  No,  8.  439 


NO.  8. 
Gen.  David  Waterhury. 

David  Waterbury,  3d,  or  David  Waterbury,  Jr.,  as  he  signed 
himself  later  in  life,  was  a  son  of  John,  and  Susanna  Waterbury, 
and  was  born  Feb.  12,  1722,  at  Stamford,  Connecticut,  where 
his  father  had  long  been  settled  and  had  taken  a  prominent 
part  in  town  affairs.'  David  followed  in  the  footsteps  of  his 
ancestors  and  early  developed  an  interest  in  public  matters.  In 
1747  he  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  state  militia,  and  in  October 
1750,  he  was  appointed  the  captain  of  the  first  company,  or 
train  band,  in  Stamford.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  French 
and  Indian  War  in  which  he  saw  much  service,  ^.^  he  was  con- 
nected with  Connecticut  regiments  throughout  six  campaigns. 
His  commissions  at  this  time  were  as  follows : — March,  1755,  ist 
lieutenant  Fourth  Company,  Second  Regiment  ;  March,  1756, 
captain  5th  Company,  4th  Regiment  ;  February,  1757,  captain 
6lh  Company  of  the  only  regiment  Connecticut  sent  into  service 
that  year,  and  which  consisted  of  fourteen  companies  of  100 
men  each,  Israel  Putnam  being  captain  of  the  4th  Company  ; 
N4arch,  1758,  captain  4th  Company,  4th  Regiment;  March, 
1759,  major  3d  Regiment  ;  March,  1760,  major  3d  Regiment, 
the  Connecticut  regiments  being  raised  for  a  campaign  not  ex- 
ceeding one  year.'  He  was  under  Sir  William  Johnson  at 
Dieskau's  defeat  in  1755,  and  he  was  present  at  Abercromby's 
unsuccessful  attack  on  Ticonderoga  in  1758,  besides  taking 
part  in  many  less  important  operations. 3*  ♦ 


4.4.0  Appendix  No,  8. 

% 

He  likewise  served  his  town  in  various  civil  capacities.  In 
1747  he  was  a  member  of  the  School  Committee,'  and  he  was 
a  representative  in  the  General  Assembly  during  seven  sessions 
between  1769  and  1776,  the  elections  being  held  semi-annually. 
He  was  one  of  the  selectmen  of  Stamford  in  I754»  and  agam 
in  1771,  and  for  seven  years  thereafter.' 

At  the  session  of  the  General   Assembly  of  Connecticut  in 
March,  1775,  he  was  commissioned  as  lieut.-colonel  of  the  qth 
Regiment ;  and  the  next  month,  when  a  quarter  of  the  state 
militia  was  ordered  forthwith   to  be  enlisted,  equipped   and  as- 
sembled  for  the  safety  of  the  colony,  he  was  appointed  colonel 
of  the  5th  Regiment.'     Col.  Waterbury  at  once   put  his  com- 
mand in   condition  to   take  the   field,  and   June    15th,  1775, 
reported   it  at  Stamford  ready  for  orders.     Four  days  later. 
New  York,  alarmed  for  its   safety,  called  for  Wooster's  and 
Waterbury^s  Connecticut  troops  to  march  within  five  miles  of 
that    city,    and   thither   they    immediately   repaired."      Being 
ordered  to  the  Northern  Department,  Col.  Waterbury  with  a 
thousand  men  marched  from  the  camp  at  Harlem  for  Albany, 
July    2ist.9      Continuing   northward    he   and   his   command 
reached  Ticonderoga  the  middle  of  August,  and,  on  the  28th 
of  that  month,   embarked   with   Gen.    Montgomery    on   the 
Canadian   expedition.'"     Col.   Waterbury  was    present  at  the 
siege  of  St.   John's,  and   at  the  surrender  of   Montreal ;  at 
which  latter  place  he  remained  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  ; 
he  and  his  regiment  being  discharged  about  Dec.  i,    1775-" 
During  its  brief  service  Col.  Waterbury's  regiment,  in  common 
with  the  other  troops  under  Mpntgomery,  suffered  much  from 
sickness  i  no  less  than  173  of  the  5th  Connecticut  having  been 


Appendix  No,  8.  441 

discharged  for  disability  from  July  25th  to  Sept.  20th  ;  and  on 
the  1 2th  of  Sept.,  it  had  but  500  men  fit  for  duty.** 

Dec.  nth,  1775,  Col.  Waterbury,  who  had  previously  been 
a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  of  his  town,  was  re- 
appointed,' and  he  seems  to  have  rendered  active  service  in 
that  capacity,  and  as  a  committee  of  the  Legislature,  for  the 
defence  of  the  colony. *3  Jan.  12th,  1776,  Gov.  Trumbull,  of 
Connecticut,  issued  a  proclamation  for  raising  two  regiments 
of  750  men  each,  to  be  commanded  by  Cols.  Waterbury  and 
Ward,  and  to  serve  in  New  York  under  Gen.  Lee,  it  then 
being  thought  that  New  York  city  was  iii  imminent  danger  of 
being  attacked.'*  Col.  Waterbury  speedily  proceeded  to  that 
city  and  was  employed  in  disarming  the  disaffected  in  the 
neighboring  county  of  Westchester.  He  was  evidently  not 
favorably  impressed  with  the  loyalty  of  the  New  Yorkers,  as 
Joseph  Cheesman  made  an  affidavit  on  the  2d  of  March,  1776, 
that  *'  being  on  board  of  a  boat  in  Peck's  Slip,  he  heard 
Colonel  Waterbury  say  that  he  had  for  sometime  thought  that 
things  would  not  go  well  unless  the  City  of  New  York  was 
crushed  down,  and  that  it  must  be  done  by  their  people  before 
things  would  go  well.'"* 

April  29th,  1776,  Gov.  Trumbull  recommended  Col. 
Waterbury  to  Gen.  Washington  in  these  flattering  terms  : — 
"  David  Waterbury,  Jun.  of  Stamford,  Esquire,  Colonel  of  a 
regiment  from  this  Colony  in  the  Northern  Department  the 
last  year,  and  at  the  taking  of  St.  John's  and  Montreal,  and 
lately  in  service  at  New  York,  with  Major  General  Lee  ;  at 
all  times  behaved  with  bravery  and  honour.  When  you  have 
a  vacancy  in  the  Army  answerable  to  his  rank  do  heartily  re- 
commend him  to  your  kind  notice  and  regard.'"' 
56 


44-2  Appendix  No,  8. 

This  recommendation  elicited  the  following  letter  from  Gen. 
Washington  to  Col.  Waterbury  :— 

"  New  York,  May  13,  1776. 
"  Sir  :  Governour  Trumbull  has  been  pleased  to  mention 
you  to  me  as  a  proper  person  to  succeed  to  the  command  of 
the  regiment  lately  General  Arnold's.  If  you  incline  to 
engage  in  the  service  again,  I  should  be  obliged  to  you  for 
signifying  as  much,  in  order  that  I  may  lay  the  matter  before 
Congress  for  their  approbation. 

"  I  am,  sir,  with  great  respect,  your  most  obedient  servant 

"  George  Washington."" 

Col.  Waterbury,  though  apparently  flattered  by  the  good 
opinion  of  the  commander-in-chief,  felt,  nevertheless,  that  he 
had  been  overlooked  too  long,  as  he  would  now  be  ranked  by 
men  who  had  been  his  juniors.  His  answer  will  perhaps  afford 
a  better  insight  into  the  man's  education  and  character,  than  any 
thing  of  his  that  has  come  down  to  us,  and  hence  it  is  here 
inserted  in  full,  and  is  as  follows : 

"  Hartford,  May  20,  1776. 
«  Dear  Sir  :  After  my  best  wishes  to  your  Excellency, 
praving  God  may  preserve  you  through  the  many  dangers  and 
difficulties  that  attend  the  calling  you  are  now  engaged  m  i 
hoping  your  Excellency  and  the  Army  under  your  command, 
may  be  the  means,  under  God,  to  the  saving  of  our  land  from 
ruin-  I  received  your  Excellency's  favour  of  the  13th  instant, 
and  can  answer  'the  request :  that  is,  I  should  take  it  as  an 
honour  done  to  me  to  be  an  officer  under  your  command  i  but 


Appendix  No,  8.  44.3 

as  I  am  well  assured  that  your  Excellency  delights  to  see 
justice  done  to  every  officer  and  soldier  in  your  Army,  your 
Excellency  must  know  that  I  have  not  had  justice  done  me. 
I  never  had  a  Continental  commission  offered  me,  although  it 
is  said,  since  I  returned  home,  that  I  refused  one  while  in 
Canada.  I  never  had  the  offer,  although  I  took  such  an 
active  part  in  the  Northern  expedition  last  fall.  There  were 
but  four  small  companies  that  went  down  with  the  Generals, 
besides  me  and  my  regiment.  When  we  first  took  the  ground 
at  St.  John's,  never  man  laboured  through  an  expedition  with 
more  fatigue  and  hardship  than  I  did  ;  and  now  to  take  rank 
under  those  that  were  but  Lieutenant  Colonels  at  that  time, 
and  others  that  were  Colonels  that  ranked  under  me,  I  should 
think  it  would  look  as  though  I  had  done  something  that  was 
not  to  my  honour,  in  being  set  back.  If  your  Excellency  sees 
cause  to  lay  the  case  before  the  honourable  Congress,  and  they 
see  cause  to  give  me  my  proper  rank,  I  shall  cheerfully  accept 
your  Excellency's  offer,  and  ever  make  it  the  height  of  my 
ambition  to  render  my  services  acceptable  to  your  Excellency 
and  my  bleeding  country  ;  and  if  not,  and  your  Excellency  is 
attacked,  I  shall  come  to  your  assistance  as  a  volunteer,  upon 
the  shortest  notice.  And  am  with  every  sentiment  of  respect 
and  regard,  your  Excellency's  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 

"  David  Waterbury,  Jun. 

"P.  S.    My  being  at  Hartford  instead  of  being  at  Stamford 
is  the  reason  of  my  not  answering  your  Excellency's  favour 

sooner.'"* 

« 

Here  the  correspondence  seems  to  have  ended,  and  Colonel 
Waterbury  never  received  a  continental  commission.     At  the 


444-  Appendix  No,  8. 

May  Session,  1776,  the  O-^ncral  Assembly  of  Connecticut  n 
view  of  the  alarming  movements  of  the  British  troops,  voted 
to  raise  two  regiments,  and  appointed  David  Waterbury,  Jr. 
to  be  colonel  of  one  of  them  to  be  stationed  at  or  near  New 
London/'  Gov.  Trumbull  called  the  General  Assembly 
together  again  on  the  14th  of  June  to  take  into  consideration 
the  requisitions  of  Congress  of  the  ist  and  3d  of  June,  for  re- 
inforcements to  the  armies  at  New  York  and  in  Cana.Ja.  It 
accordingly  met  and  cheerfully  granted  the  reinforcements  re- 
quired. That  for  the  Northern  Department  consisted  of  two 
regiments,  and  Col.  Waterbury  was  appointed  a  brigadier 
general  for  that  Department.""  This  force  was  promptly 
raised,  and  arrived  at  New  York  July  5th  and  6th,  at  Saratoga 
July  1 2th,  and  two  or  three  days  later  at  Skenesborough,  v/here 
a  dock  yard  had  been  established,  in  which  a  flee*  was  being 
constructed  for  Lake  Champlain  ;  and  to  the  command  of  that 
post  Gen.  Waterbury  was  assigned."  There  he  remair.?d  the 
rest  of  the  summer  of  1776,  actively  engaged  in  pushing  the 
flotilla  to  completion,  as  indicated  by  the  voluminous  corres- 
pondence carried  on  between  him  and  Gen.  Gates  to  be  found 
in  the  American  Archives,  5th  series,  vols,  i  and  2.  Under  date 
•of  August  22d,  he  wrote  to  Gen.  Gates  as  follows  : — "  You 
may  rely  upon  my  diligence  in  forwarding  the  galleys  as  fast 
as  possible.  The  business  has  been  much  retarded  by  so  many 
of  the  carpenters  being  sick,  and  the  misfortune  I  met  with  in 
hurting  my  leg,  which  for  some  days  has  rendered  me  incapable 
of  attending  upon  the  business ;  but  my  leg  is  growing  better 
fast,  and  shall  endeavour  to  forward  the  business  wiih  all 
possible  despatch.""  Four  days  later  he  added  this  postcript  to 
a  letter  to  the  same  correspondent : — "  I  have  now  got  so  well 


Appendix  No,  8.  44.5 

of  my  lameness  that  I  am  able  to  go  among  the  workmen."** 
Oct.  6th,  Gen.  Waterbury  joined  the  fleet  which  was  under 
the  command  of  Gen.  Benedict  Arnold'^,  and  was  made  second 
in  command,  the  third  being  Col.  Wigglesworth,  who,  Arnold 
says,  ^^  is  a  good  seaman,  appears  to  be  much  of  a  gentleman, 
and  has,  as  far  as  I  can  learn,  an  unimpeached  good  character."** 
The  opinion  entertained  of  Waterbury  is  shown  by  a  letter 
from  Gates  to  Schuyler,  dated  Aug.  i8,  in  which  the  writer 
says : 

"  I  expect  General  Waterbury  by  Saturday  night  with  the 
row  galleys.  As  he  is  an  able  seaman  and  a  brave  officer,  I 
intend  he  shall  join  General  Arnold  with  the  rest  of  the 
squadron  the  instant  they  can  be  armed  and  equipped.  As 
General  Arnold  and  he  are  upon  the  best  terms,  I  am  satisfied 
no  dispute  about  command  or  want  of  confidence  in  each  other 
will  retard  the  public  service.** 

Oct.  II,  1776,  the  battle  of  Valcour  Bay  was  fought 
between  the  American  and  British  fleets,  the  latter  under  the 
command  of  Capt.  Thomas  Pringle,  though  Sir  Guy  Carleton 
was  likewise  aboard  the  fleet,  and,  in  a  measure,  shared  the 
responsibility  of  command.  The  Congress  was  Arnold's  flag- 
ship, and  Gen.  Waterbury  was  on  the  Washington.  The 
American  fleet  was  so  badly  crippled  that  it  was  obliged  to 
retreat  to  Crown  Point  ;  and  to  this  end  it  eluded  British 
vigilance,  passed  unobserved  through  the  opposing  squadron 
the  night  after  the  battle,  and  started  up  the  lake.  The  next 
day  and  the  next  night  the  British  pursued,  and  captured  or 
destroyed  the  large  majority  of  the  American  vessels,  the 
Washington,  with  Gen.  Waterbury,  being  captured.  Gen. 
Wilkinson,  who  in  his  youthful  days  was  an  aid  to  Gates  when 


44-6  Appendix  No.  8. 

in  command  of  the  Northern  Department,  seems  not  to  have 
meted  out  to  Gen.  Waterbury  that  justice,  which  he  himself 
so  bitterly  complained  in  his  Memoirs,  of  not  receiving  in  the 
war  of  1812 ;  and  his  injustice  to  a  meritorious  officer  abridges, 
on  the  divine  principle  that  "  with  what  judgment  ye  judge,  ye 
shall  be  judged  ;  and   with  what  measure   ye  mete,  it  shall  be 
measured    to    you    again,"    the   sympathy  which    his   readers 
might,  perhaps,  otherwise   feel   for  him.     Wilkinson,  who,  it 
will  be  remembered,  was  not  in  the  action  at  all,  and  whose 
Memoirs     were    written    nearly    forty    years   after,     says:— 
"General   Waterbury   in  the   Washington    galley,   had   been 
ordered  to  keep  abreast  of  the  Congress,  and  to  cooperate  with 
his  battery,  which  was  of  equal   weight  i  but   he   suffered  a 
schooner  to  run  under  his  stern,  and  struck  to  her  without 
firing  a  gun.     By  this  dastardly  act  Arnold  was  exposed  to  the 
broadsides  of  the  schooner,  the  battery  of  the  captured  galley, 
and  the  bow  chasers  of  the  ship  and  other   schooners,"  etc.*? 
The  inexcusable  lack  of  accuracy  in  Wilkinson's  statement 
and  his  reprehensible  disposition  to  cast  unmerited  blame  upon 
an  unfortunate  but  gallant  officer,  is  proved  by  the  views  and 
reports  of  those  who  had  the  best  opportunity  of  knowing  the 
truth   of  what   they  affirmed.     Gen.   Arnold  in   his  report  to 
Gen.  Gates  of  the  affair  in  Valcour  Bay,  0(;t.  nth,  and  which 
was    written   from    Schuyler's  Island    Oct.   I2th,  during   the 
retreat,  says  :— "  The  Congress  and  Washington  have  suffered 
greatly  ;  the  latter  lost  her  First  Lieutenant  killed,  Captain  and 
Master  wounded.     The  New  York  lost  all  her  officers  except 
the  Captain.     The  Philadelphia  was  hulled  in  so  many  places 
that  she  sunk  about  one  hour  after  the  engagement  was  over. 
The  whole  killedand  wounded  amounted  to  about  sixty.    *    *    * 


Appendix  No.  8.  447 


We  suffered  much  for  want  of  seamen  and   gunners.     I  was 
obliged  myself  to  point  most  of  the  guns  on  board  the  Congress, 
which  I  believe  did  good  execution.     The  Congress  received 
seven  shot  between  wind  and  water  ;  was  hulled  a  dozen  times  ; 
had  her  mainmast  wounded  in  two  places,  and  her  yard  in  one. 
The  Washington  was  hulled  a   number  of  times  *,  her  main- 
mast shot  through,  and  must  have  a  new  one.     On  consulting 
with  General   Waterbury  and  Colonel   Wigglesworth,  it   was 
thought   prudent   to   retreat   to  Crown   Point ;  every  vessel's 
ammunition  being  nearly  three-fourths  spent,  and   the  enemy 
greatly  superiour  to  us  in  ships  and  men.     At  seven  o'clock 
Colonel    Wigglesworth,  in   the  Trumbull,  got    under   way  ; 
the  gondolas  and  small  vessels  followed  ;  and  the  Congress  and 
Washington  brought  up  the  rear.     The  enemy  did  not  attempt 
to  molest  us.     Most  of  the  fleet   is  this   minute  come  to  an 
anchor.     The  wind  is  small  to  the  southward.     The  enemy's 
fleet  is  under  way  to  leeward,  and  beating  up.     As  soon  as  our 
leaks  are  stopped,  the  whole  fleet  will  make  the  utmost  de- 
spatch to  Crown  Point,  where  I  beg  you  will  send  ammunition, 
and  your   further  orders  for  us.     On  the  whole   I  think   we 
have  had   a   very  fortunate  escape,  and   have  great   reason  to 
return   our   humble   and  hearty  thanks  to   Almighty  God  for 
preserving  and  delivering  so  many  of  us  from  our  more  than 
savage   enemies."'*      Gen.    Arnold    in    his    report    to    Gen. 
Schuyler  after  the  retreat  was   concluded,  wrote  as  follows  : — 

"  TicoNDEROGA,  October  I ^th^  i??^. 

*^  Dear  General  :  I  make  no  doubt  before  this  you  have 
received  a  copy  of  my  letter  to  General  Gates  of  the  12th 
instant,    dated   at    Schuyler's  .Island,   advising   of    an   action 


44-8  appendix  No.  S. 

between  our  fleet  and  the  enemy  the  preceding  day  ;  in  which 
we  lost  a  schooner  and  a  gondola.  We  remained  nc  longer 
at  Schuyler's  Island  then  to  stop  our  leaks,  and  mend  the  sails 
of  the  Washington.  At  two  o'clock  P.  m.,  the  I2th,  weighed 
anchor  with  a  fresh  breeze  to  the  southward.  The  enemy's 
fleet  at  the  same  time  got  under  way  ;  our  gondolas  made  very 
little  way  ahead.  In  the  evening  the  wind  moderated,  and  we 
made  such  progress  that  at  six  o'clock  next  morning  we  were 
about  off  Willsborough,  twenty-eight  miles  from  Crown  Point. 
The  enemy's  fleet  were  very  little  way  above  Schuyler's  Island  i 
the  wind  breezed  up  to  the  southward,  so  that  we  gained  very 
little  by  beating  or  rowing,  at  the  same  time  the  enemy  took  a 
fresh  breeze  from  the  north-east,  and  by  the  time  we  had 
reached  Split-Rock,  were  alongside  of  us.  The  Washington 
and  Congress  were  in  the  rear,  the  rest  of  our  fleet  were  ahead 
except  two  gondolas  sunk  at  Schuyler's  Island.  The  Wash- 
ington was  in  such  a  shattered  condition,  and  had  so  many 
killed  and  wounded  she  struck  to  the  enemy  after  receiving  a 
few  broadsides.  *  *  Of  our  whole  fleet  we  have  saved  only 
two  galleys,  two  small  schooners,  one  gondoh,  and  one  sloop. 
General  Waterbury  with  one  hundred  and  ten  prisoners,  were 
returned  by  Carleton  last  night."*' 

Nowhere  has  Arnold  a  word  of  censure  for  Waterbury,  and 
he  was  not  a  man  to  withhold  it,  had  it  been  deserved.  Gen. 
Schuyler,  who  was  close  by  the  scene  of  action,  and  whose 
duty  it  was  to  know  whereof  he  spoke,  thus  wrote  to  Gov. 
Trumbull  within  a  week  of  the  Lake  Champlain  affair : — 
**  General  Waterbury,  who  is  prisoner  on  his  parole,  is  on 
his  way  from  Albany  to  Connecticut.  I  have  advised  him  to 
go  directly  from  Albany  to  you.     H'^  is  capable  of  giving  you 


Appendix  No,  8.  4+9 

that  information  you  requested  in  your  last  favour  to  me.  He 
is  not  only  a  brave  and  good  officer,  but  a  candid  and  honest 
man,  uninfluenced  by  any  unbecoming  prejudices.  He  will 
also  acquaint  you  with  the  state  of  our  affairs  at  Ticonderoga."'* 
Finally,  Gen.  Waterbury's  own  account  addressed  to  John 
Hancock,  President  of  the  Continental  Congress,  entirely 
disposes  of  Wilkinson's  injustice,  were  anything  more  needed. 
It  as  follows  : — 

Stamford,  October  24,  1776. 
*'  Honoured  Sir  :  I  have  now  returned  home  on  parole. 
Your  Honour  has  undoubtedly  heard  of  my  misfortune  of 
being  taken  prisoner  on  the  13th  instant,  on  Lake  Champlain. 
I  shall  give  your  Honour  a  short  sketch  of  our  engagement, 
which  is  as  follows  : 

"On  Friday  morning,  of  the  i  ith  instant,  our  alarm-guns 
were  fired,  that  the  enemy's  fleet  was  off  Cumberland-Head. 
I  immediately  went  on  board  of  General  Arnold,  and  told  him 
that  I  gave  it  as  my  opinion  that  the  fleet  ought  immediately  to 
come  to  sail,  and  fight  them  on  a  retreat  in  main  Lake,  as  they 
were  so  much  superiour  to  us  in  number  and  strength,  and  we 
being  in  such  a  disadvantageous  harbour  to  fight  a  number  so 
much  superiour,  and  the  enemy  being  able  with  their  small 
boats  to  surround  us  on  every  side,  as  I  knew  they  could,  we  lying 
between  an  island  and  the  main.  But  General  Arnold  was  of 
the  opinion  that  it  was  best  to  draw  the  fleet  in  a  line  where 
we  lay,  in  the  bay  of  Valcour.  The  fleet  very  soon  came  up 
with  us,  and  surrounded  us,  when  a  very  hot  engagement 
ensued  from  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning  till  towards  sunset, 
when  the  enemy  withdrew.     We  immediately  held  council,  to 

57 


450  Appendix  No,  8. 

secure  a  retreat  through  their  fleet,  to  get  to  Crown  Point, 
which  was  done  with  so  much  secrecy  that  we  went  through 
them  entirely  undiscovered.  The  enemy  finding  next  morning 
that  we  had  retreated,  immediately  pursued  us.  The  wind 
being  against  us,  and  my  vessel  so  torn  to  pieces  that  it  was 
almost  impossible  to  keep  her  above  water;  my  sails  was  so 
shot,  that  carrying  sail  split  them  from  foot  to  head,  and  I  was 
ob.igcd  to  come  to  anchor  at  twelve  o'clock,  to  mend  my  sails. 
When  we  had  completed  that,  we  made  sail,  just  at  evening. 
The  enemy  still  pursued  all  night.  I  found  next  morning  that 
they  gained  upon  us  very  fast,  and  that  they  would  very  soon 
overtake  me.  The  rest  of  the  fleet  all  being  much  ahead  of 
me,  I  sent  my  boat  on  board  of  General  Arnold,  to  get  liberty 
to  put  my  wounded  in  the  boat,  and  send  them  forward,  and 
run  my  vessel  on  shore,  and  blow  her  up.  I  received  for 
answer,  by  no  means  to  run  her  ashore,  but  to  push  forward 
to  Split  Rock,  where  he  would  draw  the  fleet  in  a  line,  and 
engage  them  again ;  but  when  I  came  to  Split  Rock,  the 
whole  fleet  was  making  their  escape  as  fast  as  they  could,  and 
left  me  in  the  rear,  to  fall  into  the  enemy's  hands.  But  before 
I  struck  to  them,  the  ship  of  eighteen  twelve-pounders,  and  a 
schooner  of  fourteen  six-pounders,  had  surrounded  me,  which 
obliged  me  to  strike,  and  I  thought  it  prudent  to  surrender 
myself  prisoner  of  war.  As  soon  as  I  was  taken.  General 
Arnold,  with  four  gondolas,  run  ashore,  and  blew  up  the 
vessels  ahead  of  me.  One  thing  I  have  omitted  in  the  former 
part  of  my  letter,  that  is,  the  Royal  Savage  run  ashore  on  the 
Point  of  Valcour,  in  the  first  of  the  engagement,  and  was 
lost.  *  *  *  Sir,  I  would  have  waited  on  the  Congress 
in  person,  had   it  not   been  that  my  parole  confined   me  to 


Appendix  No,  8.  451 

Connecticut.     But   I  hope  that  I  shall  not  be  neglected  in 
being  exchanged,  if  any  opportunity  there  be."3' 

Sir  Guy  Carleton's  treatment  of  Gen.  Waterbury  and  the 
other   prisoners  taken  on   Lake   Cham  plain,   affords  a  good 
insight   into  that  officer's   character.     Col.  J.  Trumbull,   in 
Reminiscences  of  his  own  Times,  page  36,  writes  as  follows  : 
**  On  this  occasion  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  who  commanded  the 
hostile  fleet  and  army,  behaved  with  a  degree  of  humanity,  as 
well  as  policy,  which,   if  it  had   been  generally  employed  by 
other  royal  commanders,  might   have  exposed  to  great  hazard 
the   success   of  America.     As   soon  as  the  action  was  over. 
Sir  Guy  gave  orders  to  the  Surgeons  of  his  own  troops,  to  treat 
the  wounded  prisoners  with  the  same  care  as  they  did  his  own 
men.     He  then  ordered  that  all  the  other  prisoners  should  be 
immediately   brought    on    board   his    own    ship,   the     Royal 
Charlotte,  where  he  first  treated  them  to  a  drink  of  grog,  and 
then  spoke  kindly  to  them,  praised  the  bravery  of  their  conduct, 
regretted  that  it  had   not  been  displayed  in  the  service  of  their 
lawful  sovereign,  and  offered    to   send  them    home   to   their 
friends,  on  their  giving  their  parole  that  they  would  not  again 
bear  arms  against  Great  Britain  until  they  should  be  exchanged. 
He  then  invited  Gen.  Waterbury  to  go  below  with  him  to  his 
cabin,  and  requested  to  see  his  commission  :  the  moment  he 
saw  that  it  was  signed  by  the  Governor  of  Connecticut  (my 
father),  he  held  out  his  hand  and  said,  *  General  Waterbury,  I 
am  happy  to  take  you  by  the  hand,   now  that   I  see  that  you 
are  not  serving  under   a  commission  and  orders  of  the  Rebel 
Congress,  but  of  Gov.  Trumbull.     You  are  acting  under  a 
legitimate  and   lawful  authority.     He  is   responsible  for  the 


4-52  Appendix  No,  8. 

abuse  he  has  made  of  that  authority.  That  which  is  a  high 
crime  in  him,  is  but  an  error  in  you  ;  it  was  your  duty  to 
obey  him,  your  legitimate  superiour.'  A  few  days  after  this 
defeat,  a  number  of  row-boats  approached  our  advanced  post, 
and  there  lay  upon  their  oars  with  a  flag  of  truce.  I  was 
ordered  to  go  down  and  learn  their  object.  I  found  Capt. 
Craig  (afterwards  Sir  James  Craig,  and  governor  of  Canada), 
with  Gen.  Waterbury  and  the  other  prisoners  who  had  been 
taken  in  the  recent  action,  dismissed,  as  Sir  Guy  had  promised, 
upon  parole.  The  usual  civilities  passed  between  Sir  James 
and  me,  and  1  received  the  prisoners ;  all  were  warm  in  their 
acknowledgement  of  the  kindness  with  which  they  had  been 
treated,  and  which  appeared  to  me  to  have  made  a  very 
dangerous  impression.  I  therefore  placed  the  boats  containing 
the  prisoners  under  the  guns  of  a  battery,  and  gave  orders  that 
no  one  should  be  permitted  to  land,  and  no  intercourse  take 
place  with  the  troops  on  shore  until  orders  should  be  received 
from  Gen  Gates.  I  hurried  to  make  my  report  to  him,  and 
suggested  the  danger  of  permitting  these  men  to  have  any  in- 
tercourse with  our  troops;  accordingly  they  were  ordered  to 
proceed  immediately  to  Skenesborough,  on  their  way  home, 
and  they  went  forward  that  night,  without  being  permitted  to 
land." 

No  accounts  have  been  found  of  Gen.  Waterbury's  partici- 
pating in  any  subsequent  engagements  during  the  war,  though 
he  rendered  more  or  less  military  service.  He  commanded  a 
brigade  under  Gen.  Washington  in  the  summer  of  1781,  and 
the  latest  mention  of  him,  so  far  as  found,  is  in  an  order  issued 
by  Washington  Aug.  5tb,  ijSi^",  though  he  was  in  camp  near 


Appendix  No.  8.  4.53 

Stamford  as  late  as  Aug.  24th  in  that  year.33  After  the  Revo- 
lution he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  his  native  town, 
where  he  cultivated  a  farm.  He  seems  to  have  been  held  in 
honor  by  his  fellow  townsmen,  whom  he  represented  in  the 
general  assembly  in  1783,  1794  and  1795.  He  died  June  29, 
1 80 1,  leaving  a  widow  and  two  children  surviving  him.^*  Gen. 
Waterbury  rendered  much  faithful  service  during  our  struggle 
for  liberty,  and  seems  to  have  earned  the  confidence  of  all  with 
whom  he  came  in  contact,  so  that  Gen.  Schuyler's  estimate  of 
him  was  undoubtedly  just,  when  he  said,  in  writing  to  Gen. 
Gates  from  Albany,  under  date  of  Aug.  20th,  1776 — "I  am 
extremely  happy  that  General  Waterbury  is  to  join  General 
Arnold.  I  know  him  to  be  a  good  man,  as  well  as  a  good 
officer."  3s  ['G.  M.  417.  'C.  G.  556:  C.  H.  346,  473, 
601  :  C.  I.  98,  226,  355.  3A.  H.  206-211,  298.  <C.  H. 
336,  473  :  C.  I.  240,  355,  363,  542.  5G.  M.  347.  «G.  M. 
467,  471.  'F.  S.  163-168.  8G.  M.  223.  9F.  S.  45.  "F.  S. 
49  :  E.  13s,  467,  469.  "F.  S.  136.  "E.  738,  797.  '3F.  S. 
197.  '-F.  1154.  'SF.  274,  342.  ''F.  1133.  ''H.436.  -^G. 
looi.  ''F.  S.  207.  ""I.  28  :  F.  S.  221,  223.  "I.  41,  237,  340. 
•■I.  1 1 14.  »3l.  1154.  '^J.  633.  "sj.  186.  *«I.  1218.  "'M. 
T.  91.  »8J.  1038.  »9j.  1079.  30J.  ,,25.  3- J.  1224.  3»N. 
314.    33G.  M.  230.    3<G.  M.  423,  467,  468.    3*1.  1083.] 


4.54  Appendix  No,  9. 


NO.  9. 

Brig.  General  Simon  Eraser. 

Simon  Eraser's  early  years  are  clouded  in  obscurity.  Jesse, 
and  some  other  writers,  fall  into  the  palpable  error  of  confound- 
ing him  with  Simon  Eraser,  the  son  of  Lord  Lovat.'  "  Simon 
Frazer,"  says  Dr.  O'Callaghan,  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book, 
page  184  '*  was  the  youngest  son,  it  is  said,  of  Hugh  Frazer  of 
Balnain.  His  mother  was  daughter  of  the  Frazer  of  Forgers." 
Fonblanque,  in  his  life  of  Burgoyne,  page  241,  note,  says  that 
Simon  Eraser  was  a  younger  son  of  Alexander  Eraser  of 
Balnain  and  Glendo,  of  the  Eerraline  branch  of  the  Lovat 
family  by  a  daughter  of  Angus  Mackintosh  of  Killachy,  from 
whom  the  celebrated  Sir  James  Mackintosh  was  directly  de- 
scended. Sir  J.-^mes  Mackintosh  in  writing  about  his  ancestry, 
says — "  My  father.  Captain  John  Mackintosh,  was  the  repre- 
sentative of  a  family  which  had  for  about  two  centuries  possessed 
a  small  estate  called  Kellachie,  which  I  inherited  from  him,  and 
which  I  was  obliged  to  sell.  He  had  served  four  and  twenty 
years  in  the  army,  into  which  he  entered  very  young.  He  was 
very  severely  wounded  at  Felinghaiisen  in  the  seven  years  war  ; 
and  his  last  place  of  service  was  Gibraltar,  where  he  was  during 
the  whole  siege.  My  mother  was  Marjory,  the  daughter  of 
Mr.  Alexander  Macgillivray,  by  Anne  Eraser,  sister  of  Briga- 
dier General  Eraser,  who  was  killed  in  General  Burgoyne's 
army  in  1777  ;  aunt  to  Dr.  Eraser,  physician  in  London  ;  and  to 
Mrs.  Eraser  Tytler,  wife  of  Lord  Woodhouselee,  now  (1805)  a 
judge  of  the  Court  of  Session  in  Scotland." '     These  contra- 


Appendix  No,  9.  455 

dictory  accounts  contain  all  we  know  of  the  parentage  of  this 
distinguished  officer. 

Fonblanque  says  that  Simon  Fraser  was  born  in  1729,  and 
entered  the  army  at  an  early  age.  His  entrance  into  the  British 
military  service  probably  dates  subsequently  to  the  issue  of  the 
Army  List  of  1754,  as  no  subaltern  of  that  name  appears  in  that 
List.  It  is  very  difficult,  and  perhaps  impossible,  to  determine 
the  date  of  his  first  commission,  as  no  less  than  eight  Simon 
Erasers  appear  in  the  Army  List  of  1757,  six  of  whom  belonged 
to  Fraser's  Highlanders,  as  the  Second  Highland  Battalion, 
afterwards  the  78th  Foot,  was  called.  In  that  organization, 
besides  the  lieutenant-colonel  coipmandant  and  a  captain,  there 
were  four  subalterns  of  that  name,  the  latter  ranking  as  follows, 
viz  : — an  ensign  appointed  Jan.  9,  1757,  and  three  lieutenants 
appointed  respectively  Jan.  5,  Jan.  30,  and  Feb.  8,  all  in  1757. 
Then,  of  the  same  name,  there  was  an  ensign  in  the  50th  Foot 
dating  from  Jan.  i,  1756,  and  a  lieutenant  in  the  60th,  or  Royal 
American  Regiment  of  Foot,  dating  from  Jan.  31,  1756. 

We  think  we  can  positively  trace  the  commissions  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  as  follows  : — in  the  78th  Foot,  lieutenant 
Jan.  5,  1757,  captain-lieutenant  Sept.  27,  1758,  captain  April 
22, 1759  ;  major  in  the  army  March  15, 1761  ;  in  the  24th  Foot, 
major  Feb.  8, 1762,  and  lieut. -colonel  July  14,  1768.3  June  10, 
1776,  less  than  a  fortnight  after  his  arrival  in  Canada,  Gen. 
Carleton  appointed  him  to  act  as  a  brigadier  till  the  king's  pleasure 
could  be  known^,  an  appointment  which  in  due  time  received 
the  royal  confirmation.'  His  last  commission  was  that  of  a 
colonel  in  the  army,  his  appointment  being  gazetted  July  22, 
1777."     He  served  with  his  regiment  in  the  expedition  against 


45 6  Appendix  No.  9. 

Louisbourg,  a  id  accompanied  Gen.  Wolfe  to  Quebec.  He 
did  garrison  duty  at  Gibraltar  for  a  few  years,  and  then  was 
stationed  in  Ireland},  whence  he  embarked  with  the  24th  on 
the  5th  of  April,  1776,  arriving  at  Quebec  on  the  28th  of  the 
following  May.  Gen.  Eraser  assisted  in  driving  the  Americans 
out  of  Canada.  He  commanded  the  British  in  the  affair  at 
Three  Rivers,  and,  in  1777,  he  participated  in  Burgoyne's  cam- 
paign, which  he  did  not  live  to  finish.' 

Few  letters  from  the  pen  of  this  gallant  officer  have  come 
down  to  us,  and  the  following,  therefore,  is  inserted  for  the  light 
it  sheds  on  his  education  and  character.  It  is  addressed  on  the 
outside — "  To  Major  General  Gates  or  officer  commanding  the 
Forces  near  Half  Moon," — and  is  sealed  with  an  impression  in 
sealing  wax  of  his  coat  of  arms.     It  is  as  follows,  viz  :  — 

"  "jth  September^  *777- 

**  Sir.     It  has  been  represented  to  me,  by  several  deserters 
from  your  army  that   Mr.  Simon    Eraser,  a    prisoner   taken  at 
Bennington,  is  treated  with  an  uncommon  degree  of  severity. 
If  this  report  is  true  I  am  persuaded  it  must  be  owing  to  some 
v',,)t^*!  misrepresentation.     This  person  is  an    Inhabitant  on  Hoosac 

Creek,  and  is  the  Father  of  nine  children  ;  he  joined  us  at  F. 
Edward  with  other  Loyalists,  and  I  got  him  placed  in  a  Civil 
employment  from  which  h^  could  draw  some  temporary  in- 
come; he  imagined  the  detachment  under  the  late  Lieut. -Col. 
Baume  would  have  passed  near  his  house,  he  went  along  with 
it,  and  as  it  did  not  go  within  many  miles  of  his  habitation  was 
taken  in  the  action,  I  am  told  without  arms.  Now,  Sir,  I  can 
appeal  to  your  humanity,  if  a  person  answering  this  description 
is  an  object  of  resentment,  or  if  he  deserves  to  be  distinguished 


Appendix  No,  9.  457 

by  particular  ill  treatment,  and  if  upon  enquiry,  you  will  find 
his  case  to  be,  as  thus  staled,  I  hope  you  will  have  the  good- 
ness to  give  directions  for  his  enia.gement,  and  putting  him  on 
the  same  tooting  with  other  prisoners  of  war.  I  send  five 
guineas  by  the  Drummer  Major  of  the  24th  Regiment  for  the 
use  of  Mr.  Fraser,  and  must  request  the  favor  of  some  gentle- 
man in  your  family  to  forward  it  to  him. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  be  Sir 

"  Your  most  obed't  humble  Servant 

'*  Sim.  Fraser 

"  B.  General."" 

• 
October   7,    1777,  General   Fraser   was  shot   and   mortally 

wounded  at  Bemus*  Heights  by  Morgan's  riflemen  pursuant  to 
special  instructions,  it  is  said,  from  Colonel  Morgan  himself.' 
The  particulars  of  his  death  and  burial  are  thus  related  by 
Madame  Riedesel  in  her  Journal  : — "  Suddenly,  however,  on 
the  7th  of  October,  my  husband,  with  the  whole  general  staff, 
decamped.  Our  misfortunes  may  be  said  to  date  from  this 
moment.  I  had  just  sat  dovvn  with  my  husband  at  his  quarters 
to  breakfast.  General  Frazer,  and,  I  believe,  Generals  Bur- 
goyne  and  Phillips,  also,  were  to  have  dined  with  me  on 
the  same  day.  I  observed  considerable  movement  among  the 
troops.  My  husband  thereupon  informed  me,  that  there  was 
to  be  a  reconnoissance,  which,  however,  did  not  surprise  me, 
as  this  often  happened.  On  my  way  homeward,  I  met  many 
savages  in  their  war-dress,  armed  with  guns.  To  my  question 
where  they  were  going,  they  cried  out  to  me,  '  War  !  war !  * 
which  meant  that  they  were  going  to  fight.  This  completely 
overwhelmed  me,  and  I  had  scarcely  got  back  to  my  quarters, 
58 


4-58  Appendix  No,  9. 

when  I  heard  skirmishing,  and  firing,  which  by  degrees,  became 
constantly  heavier,  until,  finally,  the  noises  became  frightful. 
It  was  a  terrible  cannonade,  and  I  was  more  dead  than  alive. 
About  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  in  place  of  the  guests 
who  were  to  have  dined  with  me,  they  brought  in  to  me,  upon 
a  litter,  poor  General  Frazer  (one  of  my  expected  guests), 
mortally  wounded.  Our  dining  table,  which  was  already 
spread,  was  taken  away,  and  in  its  place  they  fixed  up  a  bed  for 
the  general.  I  sat  in  a  corner  of  the  room  trembling  and 
quaking.  The  noises  grew  continually  louder.  The  thought 
that  they  might  bring  in  my  husband  in  the  same  manner  was 
to  me  dreadful,  and  tormented  me  incessantly.  The  general 
said  to  the  surgeon,  '  Do  not  conceal  anything  from  me.  Must 
I  die  ? '  The  ball  had  gone  through  his  bowels,  precisely  as  in 
the  case  of  Major  Harnage.  Unfortunately,  however,  the 
general  had  eaten  a  hearty  breakfast,  by  reason  of  which  the 
intestines  were  distended,  and  the  hall,  so  the  surgeon  said, 
had  not  gone,  as  in  the  case  of  Major  Harnage,  between  the 
intestines,  but  through  them.  I  heard  him  often,  amidst  his 
groans,  exclaim,  '  Oh,  fatal  ambition  !  Poor  General  Bur- 
goyne !  My  poor  wife ! '  Prayers  were  read  to  him.  He 
then  sent  a  message  to  General  Burgoyne,  begging  that  he 
would  have  him  buried  the  following  day  at  six  o'clock  in  the 
evening,  on  the  top  of  a  hill,  which  was  a  sort  of  a  redoubt. 
I  knew  no  longer  which  way  to  turn.  The  whole  entry  and 
the  other  rooms  were  filled  with  the  sick,  who  were  suffering 
with  the  camp-sickness,  a  kind  of  dysentery.  Finally,  toward 
evening,  I  saw  my  husband  coming,  upon  which  I  forgot  all 
my  sufferings,  and  thanked  God  that  he  had  spared  him  to  me. 
He  ate  in  great  haste  with  me  and  his  adjutant,  behind  the 
house.    We  had  been  told  that  we  had  gained  an  advantage  over 


Appendix  No.  9.  459 

the  enemy,  but  the  sorrowful  and  down-cast  faces  which  I  beheld, 
bore  witness  to  the  contrary,  and  before  my  husbund  again 
went  away,  he  drew  me  one  side  and  told  me  everythiwg  might 
go  very  badly,  and  that  I  must  keep  m /self  in  constant  readiness 
for  departure,  but  by  no  means  to  give  any  one  the  least  inkling 
of  what  I  was  doing.  I  therefore  pretended  that  I  wished  to 
move  into  my  new  house  the  next  morning,  and  had  every- 
thing packed  up.  My  lady  Ackland  occupied  a  tent  not  far 
from  our  house.  In  this  she  slept,  but  during  the  day  was  in 
the  camp.  Suddenly  one  came  to  tell  her  that  her  husband 
was  mortally  wounded,  and  had  been  taken  prisoner.  At  this 
she  became  very  wretched.  We  comforted  her  by  saying  that 
it  was  only  a  slight  wound,  but  as  no  one  could  nurse  him  as 
well  as  herself,  we  counseled  her  to  go  at  once  to  him,  to  do 
which  she  could  certainly  obt^iin  permission.  She  loved  him 
very  much,  although  he  was  a  plain,  rough  man,  and  was 
almost  daily  intoxicated  \  with  this  exception,  however,  he  was 
an  excellent  officer.  She  was  the  loveliest  of  women.  I  spent 
the  night  in  this  manner — at  one  time  comforting  her,  and  at 
another  looking  after  my  children,  whom  I  had  put  to  bed. 
As  for  myself,  I  could  not  go  to  sleep,  as  I  had  General  Frazer 
and  all  the  other  gentlemen  in  my  room,  and  was  constantly 
afraid  that  my  children  would  wake  up  and  cry,  and  thus  dis- 
turb the  poor  dying  man,  who  often  sent  to  beg  my  pardon  for 
making  me  so  much  trouble.  About  three  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  they  told  me  that  he  could  not  last  much  longer.  I  had 
desired  to  be  apprised  of  the  approach  of  this  moment.  I,  ac- 
cordingly, wrapped  up  the  children  in  the  bed  coverings,  and 
went  with  them  into  the  entry.  Early  in  the  morning,  at 
eight  o'clock,  he  expired.      After  they  had  washed  the  corpse, 


4.60  Appendix  No,  9. 

they  wrapped  it  in  a  sheet  and  laid  it  on  a  bedstead.  We  then 
again  came  into  the  room,  and  had  this  sad  sight  before  us  the 
whole  day.  At  every  instant,  also,  wounded  officers  of  my 
acquaintance  arrived,  and  the  cannonade  again  began.  A  re- 
treat '.vas  spoken  of,  but  there  was  not  the  least  movement 
made  toward  it.  About  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  I  saw 
the  new  house  which  had  been  built  for  me,  in  flames :  the 
enemy,  therefore,  were  not  far  from  us.  We  learned  that 
General  Burgoyne  intended  to  fulfill  the  last  wish  of  General 
Frazer,  and  to  have  him  buried  at  six  o'clock,  in  the  place 
designated  by  him.  This  occasioned  an  unnecessary  delay,  to 
which  a  part  of  the  misfortunes  of  the  army  was  owing.  Pre- 
cisely at  six  o'clock  the  corpse  was  brought  out,  and  we  saw 
the  entire  body  of  generals  with  their  retinues  on  the  hill  assist- 
ing at  the  obsequies.  The  English  chaplain,  Mr.  Brudenel, 
performed  the  funeral  services.  The  cannon  balls  flew  con- 
tinually around  and  over  the  party.  The  American  general, 
Gates,  afterward  said,  that  if  he  had  known  that  it  was  a  burial 
he  would  not  have  allowed  any  firing  in  that  direction." 

Lieutenant-Colonel  (afterwards  Major-General)  Kingston,  in 
his  evidence  before  a  committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  in 
referring  to  the  burial  of  General  Fraser,  said, — *'  I  never  saw 
so  affecting  a  sight."  General  Burgoyne  spoke  of  it  in  this 
graphic  manner — "  About  sun-set  the  corpse  of  General  Fraser 
was  brought  up  the  hill,  attended  only  by  the  oflicers  who  had 
lived  in  his  family.  To  arrive  at  the  redoubt,  it  passed  within 
view  of  the  greatest  part  of  both  armies.  General  Phillips, 
General  Riedesel,  and  myself,  who  were  standing  together, 
were  struck  with  the  humility  of  the  procession :  They  who 


Appendix  No,  9.  461 

were  ignorant  that  privacy  had  been  requested,  might  construe 
it  neglect.  We  could  neither  endure  th?.t  reflection,  nor  indeed 
restrain  our  natural  propensity  to  pay  our  last  attention  to  his 
remains.  The  circumstances  that  ensued  cannot  be  better 
described  than  they  have  been  by  different  witnesses.  The 
incessant  cannonade  during  the  solemnity  ;  the  steady  attitude 
and  unaltered  voice  with  which  the  chaplain  officiated,  though 
frequently  covered  with  dust,  which  the  shot  threw  up  on  all 
sides  of  him  ;  the  mute  but  expressive  mixture  of  sensibility 
and  indignation  upon  every  countenance  ;  these  objects  will 
remain  to  the  last  of  life  upon  the  minds  of  every  man  who  was 
present.  The  growing  duskiness  added  to  the  scenery,  and  the 
whole  marked  a  character  of  that  juncture  that  would  make  one 
of  the  finest  subjects  for  the  pencil  of  a  master  that  the  field 
ever  exhibited — To  the  canvas  and  to  the  faithful  page  of  a  more 
important  historian,  gallant  friend  !  I  consign  thy  memory. 
There  may  thy  talents,  thy  marily  virtues,  their  progress  and 
their  period,  find  due  distinction  \  and  long  may  they  survive  ; — 
long  after  the  frail  record  of  my  pen  shall  be  forgotten."  '*' 

Early  in  the  autumn  of  1769,  Gen.  Fraser  was  married  to 
Mrs.    Grant"  of  Percy  Street,   London,"  who  survived   him. 

a.  The  following  notice  of  a  novel  prove  t'le  promises.  The  first,  and  prin- 
trial,  in  which  this  lady  was  a  party,  is  ey-  cipal,-was  the  plaintiff's  son;  who  de- 
tracted from  the  London  Chronicle  for  co-ed,  that  the  Lady  had  acknowl- 
July  4-6,  1780,  vol.  48,  page  lo :  edgesl  to  him  her  having  consented  to 
*' Yesterday"  (July  3  1780),"  was  tried  marry  his  father.  A  man  servant  de- 
before  the  Right  Hon.  Earl  Mans-  posed,  thit  his  mistress  had  engaged  him 
field  and  a  special  Jury,  a  cause  wherein  to  go  'broad  with  her  to  Germany,  in 
Mr.  Schreiber,  a  merchant,  was  plaintiff,  case  cf  the  marriage  taking  place.  Mr. 
and  Mrs  Frazer,  widow  of  the  late  Gen.  Christie  was  brought  to  prove  that  the 
Frazer,  was  defendant.  The  action  was  plaintiff  bought  a  house  in  Portland  Place, 
brought  for  damages  on  a  breach  of  prom-  at  the  price  of  £4100,  and  on  account  of 
lie  of  marriage.  Mr.  Dunning  opened  the  marriage  not  taking  place,  had  told 
for  the  plaintiff,  and  brought  witnesses  to  it   again    for   £3600.      A    Horse-dealer 


4.62 


Appendix  No,  9. 


From  the  testimony  that  has  come  down  to  us  Gen.  Fraser  can 
hardly  be  too  highly  extolled  as  a  soldier.  He  commanded  the 
light  brigade  on  Burgoyne's  campaign,  and  thus  was  ever  in 
the  advance,  rendering  throughout  the  most  efficient  services. 
He  defeated  the  Americans  at  Three  Rivers,  and  at  Hubbardton  i 
and  had  his  views  been  followed  at  Bennington  the  stupid 
blunder  of  employing  heavy  German  dismounted  dragoons  on 
an  expedition  requiring  rapidity  of  movement  and  celerity  of 
action,  would  never  have  been  committed."  His  successor  in  the 
command  of  the  light  infantry,  and  his  intimate  friend,  the  Earl 
of  Balcarres,  thus  spoke  of  him  : — "  General  Fraser's  temper 


proved  he  had  bought  4  hone*  at  35 
guineas  each,  and  sold  them  again  all  4 
tt  74  guineas.  A  Coach-malcer  proved 
he  had  bought  two  carriages  for  £200  : 
A  Taylor  proved  making  a  suit  of  livery, 
on  account  of  the  promised  marriage, 

Mr.  Solicitor  General  pleaded,  that  his 
client  had  no  objection  to  the  person, 
character,  or  fortune  of  the  plaintiff,  who 
is  certainly  a  very  respectable  wealthy 
merchant,  and  in  every  respect  a  very 
advantageous  match  for  her  ;  that  in  the 
course  of  the  treaty,  she  began  to  think 
Mr.  Schreiber's  temper  and  hers  might 
not  agree;  in  that  case,  the  match  would 
render  both  parties  extremely  unhappy, 
for  which  reason  she  thought  best  to 
retract,  though  evidently  to  her  own  loss 
and  disadvantage,  his  fortune  being  far 
superior  to  hers.  He  further  observed, 
that  no  attempt  had  been  made  to  prove 
his  client  a  woman  of  fortune  ;  therefore 
it  was  much  below  the  plaintiff  to  want 
to  take  from  her  small  pittance,  and  add 
to  his  own  great  abundance.  Here  he 
was  stopped  by  Mr.  Dunning,  who  ad- 
duced proof  that  the  Lady's  fortune  here, 
in  the  East  Indie8,and  America,  amounted 
to  £24,000,  or  upwards. 

Mr.  Solicitor  General  replied,  that  the 


fortune  in  England  might  be  ascertained, 
but  that  abroad  could  not ;  but  with  re- 
gard to  fortune,  his  client  had  suffered 
most  by  breaking  off  the  match,  for  she 
was  to  have  her  own  fortune  at  her  own 
disposal,  £300  a  year  pin  money, 
£10,000  settled  upon  her,  and  the  house 
at  Forty  Hill,  or  at  her  option  £5000  in- 
stead of  it,  in  all  £15,000  in  case  of  her 
survival. 

Lord  Mansfield,  in  summing  up  the 
evidence,  observed,  that  the  promise  of 
marriage  was  proved  ;  thjt  certainly  each 
party,  engaged  to  marry,  has  a  right  to 
retract  at  any  time  previous  to  the  cere- 
mony, and  even  before  the  Priest,  if  they 
apprehended  unhappiness  to  be  the  event ; 
but  it  was  under  this  circumstance  that 
the  party  retracting,  if  able,  should  make 
good  the  damages  sustained  by  the  other 
through  the  treaty — the  plaintiff  had 
proved  some  damages — it  was  for  the 
jury  to  assess  the  quantum.  The  jury, 
after  a  consultation  of  a  few  minutes, 
gave  a  verdict  of  £600  damages,  with 
costs." 

This  lady  was  married  at  Edinburgh, 
April  16,  1 78 1,  to  an  advocate  named 
George  Buchan  Hepburn.  [D.  X.  194]. 


Appendix  No,  9.  463 


was  warm,  open  and  communicative,  but  reserved  in  matters 
of  confidence."  "  Burgoyne  never  named  him  but  to  praise. 
In  his  official  report  to  Lord  George  Germaine,  dated  Skenes- 
borough  July  ii,  1777*  the  lieutenant-general,  in  referring  to 
the  affair  at  Hubbardton,  says  :  *'  I  have  only  to  add  that  the 
exertions  of  Brigadier  Eraser  on  this  day  were  but  a  continuance 
of  that  uniform  intelligence,  activity  and  bravery,  which  dis- 
tinguish his  character  on  all  occasions,  and  entitle  him  to  be 
recommended  in  the  most  particular  manner  to  his  Majesty's 
favour."  In  his  report,  dated  Albany,  Oct.  20,  1777,  ^^  P'''*' 
this  tribute  to  the  deceased  brigadier  : — "  The  British  officers 
have  bled  profusely  and  most  honourably,  but  the  extensive 
merits  which  marked  the  public  and  private  character  of  Briga- 
dier-General Eraser  will  long  remain  upon  the  memory  of  this 
army,  and  make  his  loss  a  subject  of  particular  regret." 
Finally  in  the  State  of  the  Expedition,  page  118,  when  reviewing 
the  evidence  produced  before  the  committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  General  Burgoyne  uses  this  language  : — "  And  here 
I  shall  finally  rest  the  support  I  have  been  so  anxious  to  derive 
from  that  grave  which  has  been  ransacked  by  my  adversaries 
for  evidence  against  me.  As  a  soldier  I  avow  a  pride  in  having 
possessed  Brigadier  Eraser's  esteem.  As  a  defendant  I  am 
sensible  I  have  dwelt  upon  it  to  a  fault.  The  precedent  of  a 
Chief  in  Command  suffering  the  comments  of  an  inferior  to  be 
a  test  of  his  actions,  requires  an  apology  to  my  profession.  It 
lies  in  the  eminence  of  my  friend's  character.  ['G.  P.  128  : 
L.  I.  76.  »H.  V.  13.  3B.  H.  "E.  Z.  SB.  N.  App.  32. 
«M.  G.  222.  7B.  M.  184.  8D.  R.  9E.  Y.  162.  '"B.  N. 
82.  125.     "M.  C.  222.     "B.  N.  76.     'SB.  N.  29.] 


464.  Appendix  No.  10. 


NO.  10. 

Brio.  Gen.  Henry  Watson  Powell. 

Henry  Watson  Powell  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant  in  the 
46th  Foot  March  lo,  1753.  He  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy 
in  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  i  ith  Foot  Sept.  2,  1756,  but  upon 
that  battalion's  being  detached  from  the  nth  and  renumbered 
in  1758,  his  regimental  number  became  the  64th.'  He  served 
in  the  expedition  against  the  French  West  India  Islands*  in 
1759,  and  went  with  his  regiment  to  America  in  1768.  June  2, 

1770,  he  became  the  major  of  the  38th   Foot,  and  July  23, 

177 1,  the  lieut. -colonel  of  the  53d  Foot,  which  was  then 
stationed  at  Minorca.'  He  accompanied  his  corps  to  Canada  in 
the  spring  of  1776,  and  on  June  loth,  of  that  year,  a  few  days 
after  his  arrival,  Sir  Guy  Carleton  appointed  him  a  brigadier- 
general  and  assigned  him  to  the  2d  Brigade,  which  consisted  of 
the  34th,  53d,  and  20th  Regiments.  When  Gen.  Gordon's 
brigade  was  broken  up  after  the  death  of  that  officer,  Aug. 
2ist,  1776,  the  62d  was  added  to  Powell's  brigade,  and  in  No- 
vember of  that  year,  upon  Gen.  Nesbit's  death.  Gen.  Powell 
was  transferred  to  the  command  of  the  ist  Brigade,  consist- 
ing of  the  9th,  47th,  31st,  and  2ist  Regiments,  save  that  the  53d 
was  substituted  for  the  21st. 3  Gen.  Powell  served  under  Gen. 
Carleton  in  1776,  and  the  next  year  he  accompanied  Burgoyne. 
In  organizing  the  troops  for  Burgoyne's  expedition  in  1777, 
Gen.  Powell  was  assigned  to  the  2d  Brigade,  consisting  of 
the  20th,  2ist,  and  62d  Regiments.  The  62d  was  left  at 
Ticonderoga,  however,  with  Prince  Frederick's  (German)  Regi- 


Appendix  No,  lo.  465 

ment  and  a  portion  of  Capt.  Borthwick's  company  of  the 
Royal  Artillery,  July  5th,  when  the  Americans  evacuated  that 
fort  }  and  August  loth,  Gen.  Powell  was  sent  back  to  assume 
command  at  that  post,  his  regiment,  the  53d,  being  likewise 
ordered  to  relieve  the  biA.  Though  he  successfully  repelled 
the  American  Col.  Brown's  attack  on  Ticonderoga,  and  for 
four  days  maintained  a  gallant  defence,  the  Americans  re- 
treating Sept.  22d,  yet,  inasmuch  as  a  considerable  part  of  four 
companies  of  the  53d  were  surprised  and  captured  in  the  old 
French  lines  and  at  the  outposts  by  the  American  advance  and 
a  number  of  American  prisoners  were  recaptured,  the  affair 
was  not  one  of  unmixed  satisfaction  to  either  side.*       / 

When  the  toils  of  adversity  began  to  tighten  round  Bur- 
goyne  in  October,  Gen.  Powell  was  sorely  puz/lcd  as  to  his 
duty  ;  for  though  he  was  out  of  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  military 
jurisdiction,  yet  that  officer  was  accessible,  while  Burgoyne, 
his  own  proper  commander,  was  not.  The  following  letter, 
therefore,  written  by  Sir  Guy  to  Gen.  Powell  after  Burgoyne's 
surrender,  though  in  ignorance  of  that  event,  throws  some  light 
upon  the  awkwardness  of  Powell's  situation.  The  letter  reads 
as  follows  — 

"  Quebec 

"  The  loth  October^  ^111' 
*'  Sir.  I  have  this  moment  received  your  letter  of  the  i6th 
instant  wherein  you  demand  orders  from  me  for  your  guidance 
in  your  present  emergency.  It  is  impossible  that  I  should  give 
orders  to  you,  not  alone  because  the  post  you  are  in  has  been 
taken  out  of  my  command,  but  the  distance  is  too  great  for  my 
being  able  to  judge  of  the  situation  of  General  Burgoyne  or  of 

59 


4.66  Appendix  No.  lo. 

the  exigencies  of  the  place  you  are  at  which  must  depend  upon 
the  other,  as  if  you  were  subject  to  my  commands  ignorant  as 
I  am  of  the  strength  or  weakness  of  your  post  I  should  under 
all  the  other  circumstances  think  it  best  for  his  Majesty's  ser- 
vice to  suffer  you  to  act  by  your  own  judgment,  so  you  will 
therefore  easily  see  the  greater  necessity  there  is  as  matters  are, 
for  my  leaving  you   to  pursue  such  steps  as   shall  be  suggested 
to  you  by  your  own  prudence  and  reason.     I  can  only  recom- 
mend to  you  not  to  balance  between  two  opposite  measures 
whereby  you   may  be   disabled  from  following  the  one  or  the 
other  with  advantage,  but  that  either  you  prepare  with  vigour 
to  put  the  place  in  such  a  situation  as  to  be  able  to  make  the 
longest  and  most  resolute  defence,  or  that  you  prepare  in  time  to 
abandon  it  with  all  the  stores  while  your  retreat  may  be  certain. 
Your  own  sense  will  tell  you  that  this  latter  would  be  a  most 
pernicious  measure  if  there  be  still  hopes  of  General  Burgoyne 

coming  to  your  post. 

"  I  am  Sir,  Ac"  s 

/   Though  Sir  Guy  did  not  feel  at  liberty  to  issue  orders  to 
Gen.  Powell,  yet  he  immediately  despatched   Gen.    Maclean 
with  the  31st  Regiment,  the  Royal  Highland  Emigrants,  and  a 
detachment  of -artillery  with  four  guns,  to   take  post  and   en- 
trench at  Chimney  Point,  near  Crown  Point,  in  order  to  keep 
up  communication   with  T.conderoga.     Two  or  three  weeks 
later   Gen.   Powell   abandoned  Ticonderoga  and    withdrew  to 
Canada.      After  a  short   tarry  at  St.  John's,  he   was  posted  at 
Montreal  where  he  commanded  during  the  winter  of  1777-8-' 
Then  he  was  stationed  at  St.  John's,  and  a  letter  of  his,  written 
there  Sept.  ^2.  1780,  to  Col.  Van  Schaick,  is  to  be  found  in 


Appendix  No,  lo.  467 

Stone's  Life  of  Brant,  vol.  2,  page  130.  In  the  autumn  of 
1780,  after  Lieut. -Colonel  Bolton's  unfortunate  loss  on  Lake 
Ontario,  we  find  him  in  command  of  the  upper  posts,  with  his 
headquarters  at  Niagara. '  By  Gen.  Haldimand's  order  of  Oct. 
2 1  St,  1782,  Brig.  Gen.  Maclean  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  upper  posts,  and  Gen.  Powell  was  appointed  command- 
ant of  Quebec.®  How  long  he  remained  at  Quebec  has  not 
been  ascertained,  but,  in  1780,  he  bought  a  fine  estate  on  the 
St.  Louis  road,  about  a  mile  from  Quebec,  to  which  he 
gave  the  name  of  Powell  Place,  and  which  he  did  not  dis- 
pose of  until  1796,  when  he  sold  it  to  Francis  Lehoullier. 
This  place  was  subsequently  known  as  Spencer  Wood ;  but  it 
has  since  been  divided,  the  larger  portion  being  still  known  as 
Spencer  Wood  and  serving  as  the  residence  of  the  lieut.- 
governor,  while  the  smaller  portion,  consisting  of  about  forty 
acres,  and  known  as  Spencer  Grange,  belongs  to,  and  is  the 
residence  of  J.  M.  Le  Moine,  Esq.,  President  of  the  Literary 
and  Historical  Society  of  Quebec.' 

Gen.  Powell  became  a  colonel  in  the  army  Feb.  19,  1779  ; 
a  major-general  Nov.  20,  1782  ;  the  colonel  of  the  69th  Foot 
April  16,  1792  ;  the  colonel  of  the  15th  Foot  June  20th,  1794, 
[not  April  20th,  as  printed  in  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book];  a 
lieut. -general  May  3,  1796;  and  a  general  Jan;  i,  1801.  He 
died  at  an  advanced  age  at  Lyme,  England,  July  14,  1814.'**^ 
['B.  H.  'B.  M.  10.  3E.  Z:  F.  E.  7,  38,55.  *E.  Z. 
5F.  C.  89.  «F.  C.  91,  98,  130:  F.  E.  85,  89.  ^¥,  K.  494. 
»F.  E.  208.     9G.  X  :  G.  Y.  76-79.     '^'E.  K.  190.] 


4-68  Appendix  No,  1 1 . 


NO.  11. 

Brig.  Gen.  James  Hamilton. 
There  were  so  many   James  Hamiltons  in  the  British  army 
that  it  is  difBcult,  if  not  impossible,  to  trace  the  early  rank  of 
the  officer  referred  to  in  the  text.     There  was  a  Capt.  James 
Hamilton  in  the  Sid  Foot,  dating  from  Nov.    13,  I755»  with 
army   rank  from  Oct.    30,    1751.     Then  there  was  a  Capt. 
James  Hamilton  in  the  loth  Foot,  dating  from  Aoril  27,  1756  j 
and  besides  these  there  were  two  Capts.    James  Hamilton  in 
the  34th  Foot,   one  dating   from   Aug.    25,    1756,   with  army 
'  rank  from  Feb.  28,  1755,  and  the  other  from   Aug.  30,  1756. 
The  annotator  of  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book  supposes  the  next 
to  the  last  mentioned  officer  to  have  been  the  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  2 1  St  Foot  on    Burgoyne's  campaign.     Presuming  that 
supposition  to  be  well  founded,  it  will  be  proper  to  remark  that 
the  34th  formed  part  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  St.  Philip  when 
besieged  by  the  French   in  June,   1756:  it  participated   in  the 
expedition  to  St.  Malo  on  the  coast  of  France,  in    1758  i  and 
in  1760  it  served  in  the  expedition  against   Belleisle,  likewise 
on  the  coast  of  France. 

Whatever  uncertainty  there  may  be  about  the  subordinate 
rank  of  the  officer  referred  to  in  the  text,  there  is  none  at  all 
about  that  above  the  grade  of  captain.  He  was  appointed 
major  commandant  of  the  113th,  or  Royal  Highland  Volun- 
teers, Oct.  17,  1761,3  new  organization  then  just  formed; 
and  when  it  was  disbanded  at  the  peace  of  1763,  he  went  upon 


Appendix  No,  1 1 .  4.69 


half-pay.  He  became  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  army  May 
25,  1772,  and  he  returned  to  active  service,  March  ii,  I774» 
as  the  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  21st,  or  Royal  North  British 
Fuzileers. 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1776  he  accompanied  his  regiment  to 
Canada  to  reinforce  Gen.  Carleton,  and  he  participated  in  the 
operations  of  that  general  during  that  year  against  the  Amer- 
icans.    Sept.  15,  1776,  Lieut. -Colonel  Hamilton  was  ordered 
to  assume  command  of  Brig. -Gen.  Nesbit's,  or  the  First  Brigade, 
during  the  sickness  of  that  officer,  and   upon  Gen.  Nesbit's 
death,  he  was  appolnfd   a   brigadier  by  order  dated    Nov.  5, 
1776,  and  assigned  to  the  Second  Brigade,  consisting  of  the  34th, 
53d,  62d,  and  20th  Regiments,  save  that  the  21st  was  substi- 
tuted for  the  53d.     In  organizing  the  troops,  in  1777,  for  Bur- 
goyne's  campaign,  Gen.   Hamilton  was  assigned   to  the  First 
Brigade,  consisting  of  the  9th,  47th,  and  53d  Regiments  j  but 
Aug.  lOth,  the  53d  under  Gen.  Powell,  was  sent  to  Ticonderoga 
to  relievi;  the  62d  and  Gen.  Hamilton,  who  had  been  left  there 
since  its  capture,  and  the  1st  and  2d  Brigades  were  consolidated 
together,  the  47th  being  detached,  six  of  its  battalion  companies 
forming  a  guard  for  the  batteaux,  and  the  other  three  battalion 
companies  doing  garrison  duty  on  the   islands   in  Lake  George, 
so  that  Gen.  Hamilton's   brigade   consisted  of  the  9th,  20th, 
2ist,  and  62d   Regiments,  with  Capt.  Jones's  brigade  of  guns. 
At  Freeman's  farm,  *'  Brig.-Gen.  Hamilton,"  in  the  words  of 
Gen.  Burgoyne,  "  was  the  whole   time  engaged  and   acquitted 
himself  with    great   honor,   activity   and   good  conduct."     At 
Bemus'    Heights,   Oct.  7th,  the  guard  of  the  camp  upon   the 
heights  was  left  to  the  commands  of  Brig.-Gens.  Hamilton  and 
Specht,  so  he  was  not   as  actively  engaged  as  at   Freeman's 


47^  Appendix  No,  1 1 . 

Farm.  After  the  exchange  of  Gen.  Phillips,  Gen.  Hamilton 
was  the  commanding  officer  of  the  convention  troops ;  and 
when  in  July,  1781,  those  troops  were  ordered  to  be  removed 
from  Fredericktown,  in  Maryland,  to  Yorktown  and  Lancaster, 
and  the  officers  to  be  separated  from  the  soldiers  and  quartered 
at  East  Windsor,  Connecticut,  Anburey  says, — *'  Brigadier- 
General  Hamilton  expressed  great  displeasure  at  this  separation, 
which  is  directly  against  the  terms  of  the  convention  ;  but  after 
Congress  have  broke  the  most  essential  point,  it  is  vain  to  re- 
monstrate against  such  proceedings.  We  are  now  in  their 
power,  and  they  act  with  us  as  best  suits  their  plan.  The 
general  gave  out  in  orders,  that  if  it  was  the  desire  of  the  troops, 
he  woulcf  protest  to  Congress  against  the  separation  ;  at  the 
same  time  adding,  he  well  knew  it  would  be  in  vain.  He 
strongly  recommended  the  soldiers  to  behave  in  every  respect 
the  same  as  if  their  officers  were  present,  and  though  separated, 
they  should  remember  that  subordination  was  due  to  the  non- 
commissioned officers,  who  still  had  authority  over  them.  The 
general  lamented  he  was  unable  to  furnish  supplies  of  cloathing 
and  other  necessaries  ;  therefore  directed  officers  who  had  the 
payment  of  companies,  to  settle  the  men's  accounts,  and  give 
them  their  balance  to  provide  themselves,  which  most  of  them 
will   be  enabled  to  do,  as  the  generality  have  £20  or  ^£30  to 


receive." 


Gen.  Hamilton  was  exchanged  Sept.  3,  1781,  and  returned 
to  England.  He  became  a  colonel  in  the  army  Nov.  17,  1780  ; 
a  major-general  &ept.  28,  17871  the  colonel  of  the  15th  Foot 
Aug.  22,  1792;  the  colonel  of  the  21st  Foot  June  20th,  17941 
a  lieut. -general  Jan.  26,  1797,  and  a  general  April  29,  1802. 
He  died  at  his  house  at  Murdustown,  July  27,  1803.      In  a 


Appendix  No,  12.  471 

notice  of  his  death  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  he  is  called 
Gen.  James  Inglis  Hamilton,  but  in  the  Army  Lists  his  name  is 
given  simply  as  James  Hamilton,  and  so  he  signed  himself  on 
the  Cambridge  parole.'  ['B.  H  :  O.  436  :  P.  318,  502  :  B. 
M.  22:  E.  C.  791:    K.  J.  64:  B.  N.   App.  49:  F.  E.  7, 

38.  55-] 


NO.  13. 

Capt.  Boucherville. 

Dr.  O'Callaghan,  in  a  note  to  Burgoyne's  Orderly  Book, 
following  Bibaud's  Le  Pantheon  Canadien^  seems  to  think 
that  the  Capt.  Boucherville  engaged  in  Burgoyne's  expedition, 
was  Rene  Antoine  de  Boucherville,  or,  as  the  Abbe  Tanguay, 
and  the  author  of  the  Histoire  des  Grander  Families  Francoises  du 
Canada^  more  properly  call  him,  as  we  think,  Rene  Amable 
de  Boucherville.  This  latter  personage  was  the  fourth  Seigneur 
de  Boucherville,  and  was  the  son  of  Francois  Pierre  de  Bouch> 
erville,  third  Seigneur  de  Boucherville,  and  of  Louise  Marguerite 
Raimbault  de  St.  Blain,  his  wife,  and  was  born  at  Cadarakui, 
formerly  Fort  Frontenac,  and  now  Kingston,  in  the  province  of 
Ontario,  Feb.  12,  1735. 

The  third  Seigneur's  services  during  the  French  regime,  were 
rewarded  with  the  government  of  Detroit  and  the  cross  of  the 
Order  of  St.  Louis  ;  and  he  likewise  wrote  a  book  entitled 
Relation  des  aventures  de  M.  de  Boucherville  a  son  retour  des 
Sioux  en  1728  et  '29,  suivie  d'observation  sur  les  moeurs  des  Sau" 
vages. 


472  Appendix  No,  12. 

The  fourth  Seigneur,  like  his  father,  married  into  the  family 
of  Raimbault  de  St.  Blain,  his  wedding  with  the  Mademoiselle 
Madeleine  taking  place  at  Montreal,  June  6,  1770;  and  ten 
children  were  the  fruit  of  the  union,  six  of  whom  died  young. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Quebec,  and 
likewise  held  the  office  of  Grand  Voyer^  or  Inspector  of  Roads. 
He  died  at  Boucherville,  near  Montreal,  Sept.  2d,  181 2,  and 
his  widow  survived  till  August  18,  1825,  when  she  died,  aged 
72.     One  of  his  sisters  was  the  last  wife  of  La  Corne  St.  Luc. 

Bibaud  says  the  fourth  Seigneur  signalized  himself  in  the  first 
American  war  (the  Revolution).  The  author  of  the  Histoirt 
des  Grandes  Families  Francoises  du  Canada  states  that  he  quitted 
his  hearth- stone  to  march  to  the  frontier,  and  thus  had  the 
honor  of  contributing  to  a  victory  which  should  have  sealed 
the  union  of  the  Canadians  and  the  English  j  and  Dr. 
O'Callaghan  writes  that  he  distinguished  himself  at  the  siege 
of  St.  John's.  The  proof  of  the  Seigneur  de  Boucherville's 
part  in  our  struggle  for  independence  seems  to  us  by  no 
means  clear.  It  is  certain  that  a  Canadian  officer  named 
Boucherville  was  taken  prisoner  at  St.  John's,  as  an  enclosure 
in  a  letter  from  Gen.  Carleton  (to  Lord  George  Germaine 
probably),  dated  Nov.  5,  1775,  a  copy  of  which  is  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Abbe  Verreau,  of  Montreal,  gives  a  list  of  Cana- 
dian officers  and  gentlemen  taken  prisoners  at  St.  John's,  and 
in  it  is  the  name  of  an  officer  named  Boucherville.  The 
Boucherviiles  were  very  numerous  in  Canada,  and  if  the  Seig* 
neur  de  Boucherville  engaged  in  the  war,  then  there  was  more 
than  one  captain  of  that  name  that  participated  in  it,  as  Lorimier, 
in  the  memoir  of  his  service  during  the  American  war,  in  re- 
ferring to  the  affair  at  the  Cedars,   speaks  of    un   Capt.  des 


Appendix  No.  13.  473 

Milices^  Pitre  dt  Boucherville .  Whatever  the  name  of  the 
Captain  Boucherville  that  accompanied  Burgoyne,  may  have 
been,  his  company  was  from  the  district  of  Quebec  ;  and  May 
19th,  1777,  it  was  ordered  to  march  with  all  possible  expedi- 
tion to  Montreal,  there  to  receive  further  orders  as  to  its  par- 
ticipation in  Burgoyne's  campaign ;  while  the  following  extract 
from  a  letter  written  by  Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Major-Gen. 
Phillips  from  Quebec,  Nov.  20,  1776,  affords  some  insight  into 
its  term  of  service  and  standard  of  discipline.  "  If  Mr.  Monin," 
says  the  letter,  "can  raise  a  compleat  company  for  the  ensuing 
campaign  I  shall  approve  of  its  being  employed,  and  if  Mr. 
McKay  and  Mr.  Boucherville  can  do  the  same  it  will  be  agree- 
able to  me,  and  vou  mav  give  such  directions  for  the  forwarding 
of  them  as  you  shall  think  necessary,  but  it  must  be  explained 
to  the  men  that  they  are  engaged  for  a  whole  year,  and  longer 
if  Exigency  require  it,  and  that  they  must  We  subject  to  order 
and  discipline  in  like  manner  as  the  Regular  Troops."  [B. 
M:  F.  T.  307-312:  A.  X.  38-40:  L.  O  :  H.  S.  251,  281, 
285:  F.  B.  270,  271,  473,498.] 


NO.  13. 

Capt.  Alexander  Fraser, 

It  is  said  that  Alexander  Fraser  was  a  nephew  of  Brig.-Gen. 

Simon   Fraser,   who   was  killed  at   Bemus'   Heights,  Oct.    7, 

1777.     He  was  commissioned  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  9th  Foot, 

Oct.  25,  1766.     He  then  appeared  in  the  9th   Foot  for  the 

60 


474-  Appendix  No,  13. 

first  time,  but  it  is  impossible  to  state  when  he  entered  the 
British  army,  owing  to  the  numerous  bearers  of  his  name  on 
the  Army  Lists  at  that  period,  there  being  on  the  halt- pay  of 
the  78th,  or  Eraser's  Highlanders,  three  lieutenants  and  two 
ensigns,  named  Alexander  Fraser,  one  of  whom  was,  doubtless, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The  Army  Lists  inform  us  that  he 
was  promoted  to  be  capt. -lieutenant  of  the  9th,  May  13,  1776% 
but  he  was  gazetted  as  capt. -lieutenant,  of  the  20th*,  and  the 
orders  printed  hereafter,  likewise  indicate  his  transfer  to  that 
regiment.  He  was  transferred  to  the  34th  Foot  Nov.  11, 
1776.  He  was  detached  from  his  regimental  organization  in 
1776  and  1777,  and  served  with  the  Indians,  having  been  ap- 
pointed Assistant  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  in  Canada.' 
In  1776  a  company  of  sharpshooters  was  raised  for  Capt. 
Fraser,  which  figured  prominently  the  next  year  on  Burgoyne's 
campaign.  /  In  speaking  of  the  battle  of  Bennington,  Gen. 
Burgoyne  thus  wrote  : — "  The  number  of  the  British  was 
small  ;  but  it  was  the  select  light  corps  of  the  army,  composed 
of  chosen  men  from  all  the  regiments,  and  commanded  by 
Capt.  Fraser,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  officers  in  his  line 
of  service  that  ever  I  met  with."*  The  order  organizing  this 
company  was  as  follows : 

"Chambly,  bth  Sept,y  1776. 

"  The  regiments  which  compose  the  Brigades  of  Brig. 
Gen.  Nesbit  and  Powel  are  each  to  select  one  Sergeant  one 
Corporal  and  eight  private  men.  The  non  comm'd  officers  to 
be  intelligent  men.  The  privates  to  be  taken  one  man  from 
each  company.  The  commanding  officers  are  to  take  care 
that  the   capts.  give  a  man  of  good  character,   sober,   active. 


Appendix  No,  13.  475 

robust,  healthy.  The  men  are  to  be  provided  with  a  very 
good  Firelock  and  to  be  in  every  Respect  proper  to  Form  a 
Body  of  Marksmen  to  be  attached  to  Brig.  Gen'l  Fraser's 
Corps  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Fraser  of  the  20th  Reg't 
and  such  Subalterns  as  the  Brigadier  General  shall  appoint 
from  his  corps. 

"  Each  reg't  to  furnish  one  Tent  for  the  non  commissioned 
officers,  and  two  for  the  private  men,  with  proper  camp 
necessaries. 

"  An  officer  from  Captain  Fraser  will  go  round  the  Regi- 
ments to  receive  these  different  Detachments  who  are  to  be 
furnished  with  Provisions  for  two  Days  from  their  Respective 
Regiments. "5 

May  13th,  1777,  Sir  Guy  Carleton  ordered  Capt.  Fraser  to 
report  to  Gen.  Burgoyne  *'  in  order  to  receive  his  commands 
relative  to  the  assembling  the  Indians,  and  such  other  direc- 
tions as  he  shall  think  proper  to  give  you  in  regard  to  that 
department."^  Anburey,  in  his  Travels,  gives  us  this  glimpse 
of  Capt.  Fraser  and  some  of  his  Indian  subordinates.  Writing 
from  Montreal  under  date  of  May  26,  1777,  Anburey  says — 
"  A  few  days  since  I  was  invited  to  dine  with  Captain  Frazer, 
who  is  superintendent  over  the  Indians,  and  who  gave  us  a  dinner 
entirely  of  wild-meats.  Most  of  the  dishes  were  only  to  set 
off  the  table,  there  being  such  things  there  as  very  few  of  the 
company  could  partake  of.  *  *  Just  as  the  cloth  was  removed, 
there  came  into  the  room  a  great  number  of  Indians,  (and 
amongst  them  one  very  old)  who  not  having  much  ceremony, 
and  seeing  the  bottles  and  glasses  on  the  table,  would  drink 
with  us,  and   began  to  be  extremely  troublesome,  when  Capt. 


476  Appendix  No.  13. 

Frazer  interfered,  and   to  shew  you  the  controul  he  h^.s  over 
them,  the   instant  he  spoke,  they  quitted   the  room,  but  not 
without  a  present,  for  I  did  not  understand  the  Indian  language, 
but  as  I  thought,  and  as  he  afterwards  told  us  he  was  obliged 
to  order  his  servant  to  give  them  a  bottle  of  rum.   ♦  *  We  had 
scarcely  drank   five  glasses,  after   Captain  Frazer  had  finished 
his  narration,  when  the   Indians  returned,  upon  a  pretence  of 
business  to   him,  which    was  no  other  than  that  of  procuring 
more  rum,  which  Captain  Frazer  refusing  them,  they  grew  ex- 
tremely troublesome,  and  what,  with  the  liquor  they  had  already 
drank,  were  much   beyond  any  controul,  for  they  paid  no  at- 
tention to   Captain   Frazer,  who,  finding  he  could   not  pacify, 
or  any  way  get  rid  of  them,  made  us  an  apology,  and  the  com- 
pany broke  up." 

Capt.  Fraser  served  throughout  Burgoyne's  campaign,  but, 
doubtless,  returned  to  Canada,  just  on  the  eve  of  Burgoyne's 
surrender,  with  the  Provincial  and  Canadian  corps,  as  he  served 
in   Canada  during  the  remainder  of  the  Revolutionary    war, 
and  mention  of  him  as  Judge  Advocate  of  Courts  Martial  there, 
has  more  than  once  been  found.' 
/     He  became  a  major  in  the  army  Nov.  i8,  1790,  and  a  lieut.- 
colonel  March  i,  1794-     He  was  appointed  the  lieut.-colonel 
of  the  45th  Foot  Sept.  i,  1795*  and  ^e  appears  in  the  Army 
Lists  for  the  last  time  in  ijqj.'/i'B.  H.  'M.  G.  165.  3F.  B. 
278:  F.  C.   133.  '•B.  N.  13.  5F.  E.  40.  'F.  B.  482.  'F.  E. 
39,  100.] 


Appendix  No,  14..  4.77 

NO.   14. 

Lieut.  Colonel  John  Peters, 
Queen's  Loyal  Rangers. 

John  Peters  was  born  at  Hebron,  Connecticut,  in  174O',  and 
was  the  son  of  John  Peters,    "  who   was  an   inveterate  Re- 
publican and  a  confirmed  Rebel," — in  the  words  of  the   Rev. 
Samuel  Peters,  the  author  of  the  History  of  Connecticut,  and 
a  brother  of  the  elder  Peters,  and  hence  an  uncle  of  the  subject 
of  this   sketch.     John  Peters,    referred    to  in  the   text,  was  a 
cousin,  likewise,  of  the  John  S.    Peters  who  was  governor  of 
Connecticut.      He   graduated  at    Yale  College  in   the  class  of 
1759,   became   a    lawyer,   and,   in    1766,    removed    with    his 
family  from  Hebron  to  Gloucester  County,  New  York,  or  the 
Hampshire  Grants,   afterwards   a  part   of  Vermont,  where  he 
erected  some  mills  and  cultivated  his  lands.      He  held  various 
civil  offices  at  his  new  place  of  abode.'     He  was  commissioned 
a  justice  of  the  peace   March    16,    1770,  and    county  clerk, 
and   clerk  of  the  Court   of  Common  Pleas  on  the  next  day. 
March  5,  1772,  he  was  re-commissioned  as  county  clerk,  and 
April  10,  1772,  he  became  one  of  the  assistant  justices  of  the 
Inferior  court  of  Common  Pleas.'     On  the    28th  of  the  same 
month  of  April  he  became  the  colonel  of  a  regiment  of  militia, 
and  Oct.    26,   1774',  he  was  re-commissioned  as   a  justice  of 
the  peace    anJ  was  also    appointed   a   judge  of   the    Inferior 
Court  of  Common  Pleas."     In  1774  he  represented  Gloucester 
County  as  a  member  of  the  provincial  congress,  but  he  never 
believed  in  independence,  and  while  on  his  way  to  congress  he 


4.78  Appendix  No,  14.. 

told  his  uncle,  Samuel  Peters,  "  that  Independence  was  the 
view  of  many  people,  especially  of  the  Dissenting  Ministers  and 
Smuggling  Merchants ;  but  if  he  should  find  the  Congress 
inclined  that  way  he  would  leave  them  and  return  home;" 
and  he  subsequently  wrote  his  uncle  from  Philadelphia,  **  that 
Independence  was  the  sole  aim  of  Congress,  and  to  cover 
their  design  had  enjoined  an  oath  of  secrecy  upon  each  member, 
which  he  had  refused  and  was  then  about  to  return  home." 
In  a  memorial  to  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury  he  wrote  of  this 
period  as  follows — "  that  in  the  year  1772  (he)  was  appoint'd 
by  the  Governor  of  New  York,  Colonel  of  the  Militia,  a  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  and  Common  Pleas,  Surrogate 
and  Register  of  the  County  of  Gloucester,  in  the  Province  of 
New  York,  in  which  offices  he  continued  to  serve  his  Majesty 
till  1776,  when  after  being  often  Mobbed  and  once  imprisoned 
by  the  Malcontents  he  quitted  his  Family,  Property,  and  Offices 
and  fled  to  Canada  to  avoid  Personal  Danger  and  to  Support 
the  British  Cause  against  its  Enemies."' 

He  was  in  Canada  as  early  as  June  30,  1776,  as  shown  by 
the  following  letter  from  one  of  Sir  Guy  Carleton's  staff  to 
Major  French  : — 

Chambly,  ipth  June^  1776. 

"  Sir:  This  will  be  delivered  to  you  by  a  Mr.  John  Peters 
and  a  Joseph  Skinner,  who  have  just  left  the  Rebels,  the  first 
having  been  among  them  some  time,  as  he  says,  only  to  seek 
an  opportunity  of  escaping  into  a  place  of  safety,  from  the 
persecution  of  the  Emissaries  of  the  Congress,  as  he  is  at  this 
time  a  Colonel  of  Militia  in  the  province  of  New  York  and  a 
friend  of  government,  and  he  has  never  held  any  Commission 


Appendix  No,  14.  479 

or  employment  under  the  Rebels ;  he  says  he  is  acquainted 
with  a  Mr.  Finlay,  a  Mr.  Hay,  Merchants  at  Montreal,  and 
Mr.  Ferries,  an  Innkeeper,  and  President  of  the  seminary, 
people  who  all  know  the  truth  of  his  assertions  :  The 
General  has  therefore  allowed  the  said  Peters  and  Skinner, 
who  has  been  a  Surgeon's  mate  amongst  the  Rebels,  but  had 
served  against  his  inclination,  to  go  to  Montreal,  and  have  it 
in  command  to  acquaint  you  that  they  may  reside  there,  at 
Liberty,  provided  their  behaviour  is  conformable  to  their  pro- 
fessions, and  that  upon  inquiry  you  find  the  gentlemen  whom 
Peters  names,  confirm  the  story  in  any  degree. "> 

Peters  himself  says  that   he  went  as  a  volunteer  with   Gen. 
Carleton  on  Lake  Champlain  in  the  autumn  of  1776.'     In  1777 
he  was   promised  a  lieutenant-colonel's  commission  when   he 
should  have  raised   two-thirds  of  a  battalion*,  and   under  such 
promise   he  assumed  command  of  a   skeleton  battalion  called 
the  Queen's  Loyal  Rangers,  in  the  hope  of  recruiting  it  suffic- 
iently to  entitle  him  to  demand  the  redemption  of  the  promise. 
Instead  of  strengthening  his  corps  by  the  accession  of  loyalists 
at   Bennington  where  he  was  sent   with  Baum,  it  was  very 
badly  cut   up  and  depleted   there.     A   monthly  return  of  the 
Queen's  Loyal   Rangers   commanded   by    Lieutenant-Colonel 
John    Peters,   Zadock    Wright,    Major,    Justus     Sherwood, 
Jeremiah    French,  David   McFall,   captains,— made    Aug.    7, 
1777,    shows    262    men.      After   this    return    Simeon    Covil, 
Andrew    Palmitier,  Francis    Hogeland    and   James    Pennock, 
captains,  with    above    190  men,  many   of  whom,    however, 
according  to  Lieutenant-Colonel  Peters,  were  not  mustered  for 
lack  of  time,  joined  the  regiment  and  were  in  the  battle  of 
Bennington.     After  the  battle  the  monthly  return  of  Oct.  2d, 


4.8o  Appendix  No,  14. 

1777,  was  154  remaining  of  the  452;  consequently  298  men 
were  killed,  wounded  and  made  prisoners,  or  deserted.  Gen. 
Burgoyne  thanked  Peters  for  his  braverv  and  good  conduct  on 
his  return  to  Saratoga,  and  he  served  throughout  the  campaign, 
taking  part  in  its  various  actions  ;  and,  according  to  Burgoyne, 
he  -  behaved  with  great  spirit  and  zeal  upon  all  occasions."  On 
the  night  before  the  Saratoga  Convention  was  signed,  Peters 
and  the  other  Provincial  oflBcers,  who  were  serving  without 
commissions,  were  granted  permission  to  withdraw  from 
Burgoyne's  army  and  attempt,  if  possible,  their  escape  mto 
Canada,  which  was  accomplished  in  safety. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Peters,  in  his  memorial  to  the  Lords  of 
the  Treasury,  which  has  before  been  referred  to,  proceeds  in 
this  wise:— "Your  Memorialist  on  his  return  to  Canada, 
from  the  disastrous  events  at  Bennington  and  Saratoga,  was 
allowed  nine  Shillings  per  diem  on  the  Subsistence  List  by 
Sir  Guy  Carleton,  till  1  .  Official  return  should  be  made  by 
General  Burgoyne,  anc  ^  said  Subsistence  Money  since  con- 
tinued was  to  be  considered  as  part  pay  on  the  Commission  of 
Lieut.  Colonel  of  the  Queen's  Loyal  Rangers. 

«'  Your  Memorialist  at  a  Board  of  Commissioners  appomted 
by  Gen.  Haldimand  in  1780,  was  allowed  his  Pay  as  Lieut.- 
Col°.  Commandam  of  the  Queen's  Loyal  Rangers,  to  October 
24th,  1777,  except  Batandforrage,  and  Warrant  Money,  which 
was  not  allowed  by  the  Commissioners  in  Consequence  of 
Gen.  Haldimand's  instructions,  although  General  Burgoyne 
(in  General  Orders)  had  promised  the  same  pay  to  the  Loyal 
Provincials  as  the  King's  Troops  received. 


Appendix  No.  14.  481 


"  Your  Memorialist  continued  to  serve  and  Inlist  Men  as 
Lieut-Colonel  Commandant  of  the  Queen's  Loyal  Rangers, 
from  his  first  appointment  in  1777  till  November  12th,  1778, 
when  General  Haldimand  was  pleased  (in  General  Orders)  to 
appoint  Lieut.  Colonel  John  Peters  (of  the  Queen's  Loyal 
Rangers)  *  as  Capt.  of  Invalids,'  and  since  that  time  Gen. 
Haldimand  as  your  Memorialist  is  informed  has  returned 
'  Lieutenant  Col°.  John  Peters'  for  reasons  unknown  to  your 
Memorialist  to  the  Secretary  of  States  Office  as  Cap',  in  Major 
Edward  Jessup's  Corps,  and  not  as  Lieu'.  Colonel  of  the 
Queen's  Loyal  Rangers. 

'•  Your  Memorialist  therefore  prays  your  Lordship  to  take 
his  Case  into  consideration,  and  to  give  him  that  Justice  which 
h'j  Services  and  Commission  as  Lieutenant  Colonel  Com- 
mandant of  the  Queen's  Loyal  Rangers  merrit — humbly  con- 
ceiving that  the  Justice  of  the  British  Nation  will  place  him  on 
the  List  of  half-Pay  as  Lieu'.  Colonel  and  not  as  Captain  only 
in  Major  Edward  Jessups  Corps,  and  that  if  his  Excellency 
General  Haldimand  had  meant  in  his  Return  to  degrade  your 
Memorialist,  his  Excellency  would  first  have  taken  care  by  a 
Court-martial  to  have  had  him  Cashiered."' 

By  an  "  Abstract  of  Sub'"  claimed  bv  the  several  Corps  of 
Loyalists  for  the  Campaign  1777  under  Lieut.  Gen'^  Burgoyne 
and  likewise  private  claims  for  prov''  furnished  to  his  army  as 
adjudged  by  a  Board  of  Officers  assembled  at  St.  John's-  in 
February  1781,"  X664.11.5f  was  allotted  "  To  John  Peters, 
Esq.,  Sub'"  for  the  Corps  under  his  Command  per  acc't."' 
By  a  warrant,  evidently  ante-dated  Quebec,  July  19,  1779, 
issued  by  order  of  Gen.  Haldimand  for  the  payment  of 
61 


482  Appendix  No,  14-. 

£1634.8.10,  "  being  the  allowance  made  for  the  present  relief 
of  several  Corps  of  Royalists  belonging  to  Gen.  Burgoyne's 
Army,  and  sundry  other  persons  who  have  taken  refuge  in  this 
province  from  the  Rebellious  Colonies  between  the  25th  June 
and  24th  August  1779,  in^.,"  £299.7-8»  was  paid  to  "Mr. 
Peters'  Party,"  consisting  of  61  men  ;  and  of  this  amount  £30 
each,  was  paid  to  John  Peters,  Zadock  Wright,  Justus  Sher- 
wood and  Francis  Hogal.^ 

Gen.  Haldimand,   clearly,  did    not  have  a  high   opinion  of 
Peters'  military  talents,  as  he  wrote  to  Lord  George  Germaine 
from   Quebec,  13th   Sept.,    1779,  ^^  follows:  "The  case  of 
Colonel  Peters  shall  also  be  inquired   into.     I  believe  him  an 
honest   man,  and  a  good   subject,  but   he  was  not  reported  to 
me,  nor  have  I  found  him  the  able  Partizan  he  is  represented 
to  your  Lordship."'     This  opinion   may   account  for   Haldi- 
mand's  appointing  Major   Edward  Jessup   to  the  command, 
when,  in  the  latter  part  of  1781,  he  formed  a  new  corps  out  of 
former  loyalists  corps  in   Canada,  an  act  of  which  Lt.-Col. 
Peters,  as  we  have  seen,  strongly  complained.     In  the  list  of 
the  officers  of  that  corps,  with  the  dates  of  their  commissions, 
under  the  head  of  "  Invalids,"  appears  the  name  of  "  Lieut.- 
Col.  John  Peters  as  Captain  18th  Nov.,  I78i."8 

Hard  indeed,  was  the  lot  of  the  loyalists  in  the  Revolution 
after  the  war  was  over,  and  Lieut.-Colonel  Peters'  experience 
is  a  fair  illustration  of  the  treatment  they  received.  His  prop- 
erty  in  Gloucester  County  was  confiscated  by  the  Americans, 
as  he  was  included  in  the  New  York  Bill  of  Attainder.  Unable 
to  obtain  even  the  pay  due  him  for  his  military  services,  much 
less  his  promised  commission  from  the  English  officials,  through 


Appendix  No,  15.  483 

an  agent  in  London,  Lieut.-Colonel  Peters  left  his  family  at 
Cape  Breton,  where  he  had  settled  after  the  war,  and  went 
himself  to  England  in  1785,  but  met  with  no  better  success. 
He  remained  there  about  three  years  vainly  urging  his  claims 
for  compensation  for  the  losses  of  his  estate  before  the  "  Com- 
missioners of  American  Claims,"  and  for  his  seven  years  back 
pay  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Loyal  Rangers.  Burgoyne 
never  having  given  the  Provincial  officers  their  commissions, 
the  pay  office  declined  to  pay  till  the  commissions  were  pro- 
duced ;  thus  the  unfortunate  men  were  defrauded.  He  never 
returned  to  America,  but  died  at  Paddington,  London,  of  gout 
in  the  head  and  stomach,  while  still  pressing  his  claim.  He 
left  a  wife  and  eight  children.9  ['G.  R.  686-692.  »F.  N. 
App.  769.  3F.  B.  47.  '•B.  N.  102,  App.  20.  5F.  Q.  94. 
«F.  F.  150-154.    'F.  H.  134.    «F.  E.  181.    9K.  V.  V.,  183.] 


NO.  15. 

HUBBARDTON    AND  CoL.    HaLE. 

The  seventy  Americans  captured  by  the  stratagem  of  the 
British  officer  with  fifteen  men,  can,  we  think,  refer  only  to 
Col.  Nathan  Hale  and  a  part  of  the  Second  New  Hampshire 
Regiment  i  for  no  considerable  number  of  the  Americans  sur- 
rendered in  a  bodv  on  the  retreat  from  Hubbardton,  other  than 
he  and  a  portion  of  his  battalion. 

Col.  Nathan  Hale,  the  youngest  son  of  Moses  Hale,  by  bis 
wife,  Elizabeth  Wheeler,  was   born  in    Hampstead,  N,   H., 


4.84.  Appendix  No,  15. 

Sept.  23,  1743  i  removed  with  his  father  to  Rindge  about  1760  ; 
married  Abigail,  daughter  of  Col.  John  and  Joanna  [Boynion] 
Grout,  of  Lunenburg,  Mass.,  Jan.  28,  1766  ;  was  the  first  con- 
stable of  Rindge  at  its  organization  in  1768  ;  was  moderator  of 
the  annual  town  meetings  in   1773,  1774  and   1775;  was  cap- 
tain  of  a  company  of  minute  men  in  1774  1  marched  his  com- 
pany to  Cambridge  on  the  alarm  of  the  battle  of  Lexington  in 
April,  1775  ;  was  commissioned  major  of  the  3d  New  Hamp- 
shire  Regiment  June  2,    1775,  lieut.-colonel  of  the  2d  New 
Hampshire  Nov.  8,  1776,  and  colonel  April  2,  1777-     ^e  was 
at  Bunker   Hill  in    1775,   and   served   under    Washington,  in 
1776,  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey.     He  was  with  St.  Clair, 
in  1777,  at  Ticonderoga  until  its  evacuation,  and  he  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Hubbardton.' 

Col.  Hale  was  a  most  unfortunate  officer,  as  his  conduct  in 
two  actions  was   questioned.     In   the  first    he  was    fully  vin- 
dicated ;  but  he  died   under  a  cloud,  a  prisoner,  after   having 
been  arrested  for  treason,  and  without  having  been  brought  to 
trial,-no  opportunity  having  been  afforded  him  to  clear  himself 
of  the  charges  against  him.   March  29th,  1777,  the  New  Hamp- 
shire legislature  raised  a  committee  "to  make  Enquiry mto  the 
character  of  Colonel  Nathan  Hale  as  to  his  behaviour  m  the 
late  action  at  Trenton,  and  to  report  thereon."     The  journal  of 
the  New   Hampshire  House  of  Representatives  for  Tuesday, 
April  ist,  1777,  contains  this  record  :   "  The  Com'tee  appointed 
to  make  enquiry  into  the  character  of  Col».  Nathan  Hale  as  to 
his  behaviour  in  the  late  action  at  Trentown  (Princetown)  and 
elsewhere  made  report : 

«'  That  nothing  appears  to  your  Com'tee  against  the  char- 


Appendix  No,  15.  485 

acter  of  the  said  Col°.  Hale  as  an  officer  in  the  engagement 
at  Trentown  or  elsewhere. 

'*  Signed 

"  N.  GiLMAN,  Ch'". 


t( 


Which  report  being  read,  Voted  That  the  same  be  not  re- 
ceived, but  that  it  be  Dismist." 

The  next  day,  April  2d,  1777,  the  legislature,  "  Voted, 
That  Col°.  Nathan  Hale  be  &  hereby  is  appointed  Colonel  of 
the  Continental  Battalion  lately  commanded  by  CoK  Enoch 
Poor,  who  is  advanced."' 

Hadden's  version  confirms  Ethan  Allen's  statement,  that 
Hale  surrendered  to  "  an  inconsiderable  number  of  the  enemy  "  ; 
for  Allen,  in  writing  of  the  affair  at  Hubbardton,  says:  — '*lt 
was  by  this  time  dangerous  for  those  of  both  parties  who  were 
not  prepared  for  the  world  to  come ;  but  Col.  Hale  being 
apprised  of  the  danger,  never  brought  his  regiment  to  the 
charge,  but  left  Warner  and  Francis  to  stand  the  blowing  of 
it,  and  fled,  but  luckily  fell  in  with  an  inconsiderable  number  of 
the  enemy,  and  to  his  eternal  shame,  surrendered  himself  a 
prisoner. "3  A  letter,  evidently  written  by  a  member  of  Col. 
Cilley's  New  Hampshire  Regiment  (which  was  on  the  retreat 
from  Ticonderoga,  but  not  in  the  engagement  at  Hubbardton), 
dated  Moses'  Creek,  July  17th,  1777,  and  indorsed,  "  Letter 
from  Cogan  to  Gen'l  John  Stark,"  &c.,  to  be  found  in  vol.  8, 
of  the  New  Hampshire  State  Papers,  page  640,  gives  a  very 
graphic  account  of  the  disorder  and  confusion  attending  the 
retreat  from  Ticonderoga.  Although  his  regiment  was  not  in  the 
action,  Cogan  writes  as  if  he  had  been  ;  and  undoubtedly  many, 


486  Appendix  No,  15. 

who  had  straggled  from  their  regiments,  were  with  the  rear- 
guard.    The  letter  is  as  follows  : — 

"  Moses  Creek,  July  17,  1777. 

"  Dear  Colonel. 

"Our  situation  puts  me  in  mind  of  what  I  have  heard  you 
often  say  of  Ticonderoga.     Such  a  Retreat  was  never  heard  of 
since  the  Creation  of  the  world.     I  was  ordered  about  five  of 
the  Clock  in  the  afternoon  to  draw  forty-eight  Rounds  pr  man  : 
afterwards,  nine  days  allowance  of  provision  which  I  compleated 
about  2  of  the  clock  in  the  morning,  and  about  the  time  I  got 
home  the  Tents  were  struck,  and  all  was  ordered  to  retreat ; 
but  it  was  day  light  before  we  got  below  your  old  house ;  such 
order  surprised  both  officers  &  soldiers  ;  then  they  wished  for 
General   Sullivan  to  the  Northern  army  again  ;  they  left  all 
the  Continental  cloathing  there ;  in  short  every  article  that 
belonged  to  the  army  ;  which  if  properly  conducted  might  be 
easily  saved.      Surely  we  were  fifty  thousand   times  better  off 
than  General  Sullivan  was  in  Canada  last  year  ;  our  men  was 
in  high  spirits,  and  determined  to  a  man  to  stick  by  the  lines 
till  they  lost  their  lives,  rather  than  quit  so  advantageous  a 
Post }  Drove  us  a  long  two  or  three  &  thirty  miles  that  day, 
till  the   Rear  Guard  got  to  Bowman's  Camp ;  the  men  being 
so  fatigued  were  obliged  to  stay,  and  were  attacked  in  the  morn- 
ing by  the  Regulars,  who  travell'd  all  Night,  and  just  got   up 
by  the  time  we  were  beginning  to  march  in  a  disorderly  manner ; 
our  men  being  in  confusion,  and  made   no  great  of  a    Battle. 
But  some  behaved  &  some  did  not.    Col°.  Reed  acted  his  part 
very  well.     Col°.  Hale  they  said  did  not.     Col°.  Hale  is  either 
kiird  or  taken.      Little  Dwyer  behaved  like  a  lusty  fellow  & 


Appendix  No.  15.  487 

died  in  the  Bed  of  Honour  j  as  nearly  as  I  could  conjecture, 
we  had  odds  of  a  thousand  that  attacked  them  ;  our  main  body 
was  within  six  miles  of  us,  the  Indians  took  &  killed  a  vast 
number  of  our  men  on  their  Retreats ;  then  was  hurried  at  an 
unmerciful  rate  thro'  the  woods  at  the  rate  of  thirty-five  miles  a 
day,  oblidg'd  to  kill  oxen  belonging  to  the  Inhabitants  wherever 
we  got  them ;  before  they  were  half-skinned  every  soldier  was 
oblidged  to  take  a  bit  &  half  Roast  it  over  the  fire,  then  before 
half  done  was  oblidged  to  March, — it  is  thought  we  went  100 
miles  for  fear  of  seeing  a  Regular  (I  mean  out  of  the  way) 
there  never  was  a  field  officer  consulted,  whether  we  should 
retreat  or  not,  which  makes  them  very  uneasy  ;  so  that  the 
blame  of  our  Retreat  must  fall  on  our  Commanders ;  never 
was  soldiers  in  such  a  condition  without  cloaths,  victuals  or 
drink  &  constantly  wet.  Caleb*  and  I  are  just  as  our  mothers 
bore  us  without  the  second  shirt,  the  second  pair  of  shoes, 
stockings  or  coats, — but  however  its  all  in  the  Continenta/.f 
Caleb  does  vastly  better  than  he  ever  did  with  you.  Col". 
Cilley  is  very  fond  of  us.  Indeed,  I  suppose  we  are  pretty 
diligent  for  the  most  part.  Give  my  compliments  to  Peggy, 
Arch  &  Jenny  &  Martha. 

"  I  am  Respects  Yours,  &c.. 


"  N.  B.  The  officers  lost  their  Baggage,  writings  &  all.  The 
Rear  Guard  were  mostly  Invalids,  and  our  Gen"  took  away 
the  main  Body,  and  even  refused  to  send  assistance  when  the 
Cols,  begged  him  to  do  it." 

"  Indorsed — '  Letter  from  Cogan  to  Gen'  John  Stark,'  &c." 

*  "  Caleb  was  the  eldest  son  of  Gen.  John  Stark. — Ed, 
^  "  This  word  is  mutilated. 


488  Appendix  No,  \S^ 

Gen.  Stark  in  writing  to  the  New  Hampshire  Committee  of 
Safety  from  Charlestown,  No.  4,  July  SO^h,  I777>  '^us  refers 
to  the  preceding  letter  :  "  As  you  informed  me  when  I  saw  you 
last,  that  you  had  not  received  any  account  from  any  Gentle- 
man in  the  army  since  the  desertion  of  Ticonderoga,  I  likewise 
inclose  you  a  Copy  of  a  letter  1  received  from  Mr.  Coggan 
and  by  the  best  information  is  as  near  the  truth  as  any  you  may 
receive.  I  have  shewed  it  to  CoK  Bellows  and  a  number  of 
other  officers  that  was  present,  and  they  say  they  could  all 
sign  it."  * 

Col.  Hale  left  Ticonderoga  for  his  home  in  Rindge,  July  20, 
1777,  on  a  limited  parole,  not  to  serve  again  until  exchanged. 
A  letter  from  Gen.  Lincoln,  dated  Bennington,  Aug.  25,  1777, 
to  the  "  Council  of  New  Hampshire  "  contains  these  sentences: 
"  On  the   24th   I  received  an   order  from  Gen.  Gates  in   the 
words  following  :  *  Gen.  Gates  desires  Gen.  Lincoln  will  send 
a  letter  to  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  to  have  Colonel  Hale 
immediately  apprehended,  and  brought   prisoner  to  Albany,  to 
answer  an  accusation  of  high  treason  exhibited  against   him.' 
I  must,  Gentlemen,   intreat   your  aid   in   this  matter  and  that 
Colonel  Hale  may  be  sent  to  Albany  agreeable  to  the  above 
request."     In  compliance  with  this  request  the  Committee  of 
Safety  ordered  the  arrest  of  Col.  Hale,  Sept.  4th.5     No  trial  or 
examination  seems  to  have  been  had,  so  far  as  we  can  ascertain, 
and  Col.  Hale   remained  at   Rindge  till   June  14,  1779,  when, 
not  having  been  exchanged,  he  returned  within  the  enemy's 
lines,  pursuant   to  his  parole  ;  and  he  remained  a  prisoner  till 
his  death  at  New  Utrecht,  Long  Island,  Sept.  23,  1780.' 

If  Col.  Hale  was  arrested  for  his  conduct  at  Hubbardton,  the 
charge  of  cowardice,  rather  than  treason,  would  seem  to  have 


Appendix  No,  15.  4.89 

been  the  most  proper  one.  The  preceding  is  all  we  have  been 
able  to  find  derogatory  to  Col.  Hale,  except  the  mere  repetition 
of  later  writers  ;  and  an  unfortunate  uncertainty  hangs  over 
him. 

Col.  Hale  has  zealous  defenders  in  Mr.  Ezra  S.  Stearns,  in 
his  History  of  Rindge,  N.  H.,  pages  148  to  155,  and  in  the  Hon. 
Winslow  C.  Watson,  in  his  History  of  Essex  County,  N.  Y., 
pages  183  to  185,  and  also  in  an  article  in  The  American 
Historical  Record  for  1873,  pag"  455  to  460.  We  should 
infer  that  neither  of  these  gentlemen  had  seen  the  papers  printed 
in  vol.  8,  of  the  New  Hampshire  State  Papers,  as  neither  refer 
to  Cogan's,or  Coggan's,  letter,  reinforced  by  the  one  from  Stark, 
or  to  the  fact  that  Col.  Hale  was  ordered  under  arrest  by 
Gen.  Gates ;  both  treating  Ethan  Allen's  charge  against  Hale 
as  the  only  tangible  one  to  their  knowledge. 

Mr.  Watson  has  neglected  to  give  his  authority  for  the  state- 
ment that  Col.  Hale,  on  his  retreat,  "  was  intercepted  by  a 
British  column  ;''  and  we  have  been  able  to  find  none  for  it. 
If  we  understand  the  testimony  of  the  Earl  of  Balcarres,  and  of 
the  Earl  of  Harrington,  then  Lord  Petersham*,  both  British  partic- 
ipants in  the  battle,  there  was  no  pursuit  beyond  Hubbardton. 
According  to  Anburey,  there  could  have  been  no  pursuit  after 
the  battle,  at  least  by  anything  worthy  the  name  of  a  column  ; 
and  he,  at  that  time,  was  serving  as  a  volunteer  in  Lord  Peter- 
sham's company — the  grenadiers  of  the  29th.  This  author 
speaks  of  the  grenadiers  pursuing  into  the  woods  a  party  of 
Americans  that  had  fired  upon  them,  and  to  whom  they  gave 
no  quarter  ;  but  this  was  a  part  of  the  battle,  more  or  less  of 
which  took  place  in  the  woods ;  and  he  says,  alluding  to  the 
62 


490  Appendix  No,  15. 

Americans,  "even  after  the  action  was  over,  there  were  lurking 
parties  hovering  about  the  woods."  Anburey  further  says  : 
'^  When  General  f  raser  had  posted  the  corps  in  an  advanta- 
geous state  of  defence,  and  made  some  log  works,  as  he  ex- 
pected we  should  be  attacked,  his  next  thoughts  were,  how  to 
refresh  the  men  after  the  fatigues  of  the  day,  provisions  being 
unable  to  be  forwarded,  on  account  of  the  country's  being  very 
hilly  ;  a  detachment  was  sent  to  shoot  some  bullocks  that  were 
running  in  the  woods,  these  were  distributed  in  ratios  to  the 
men,  which  they  eat,  dressed  upon  wood  ashes,  without  either 
bread  or  salt."  '  Gen.  Fraser's  expectation  of  being  attacked 
seems  to  have  been  one  reason  why  no  pursuit  was  made  ;  and 
the  fatigue  of  his  men,  who  were  without  provisions,  was  un- 
doubtedly another.  The  cattle  party,  or  a  portion  of  it,  referred 
to  in  the  above  extract,  was,  doubtless,  the  very  one  that 
Hadden  speaks  of  as  capturing  Hale.  We  think  it  is  clear  from 
Anburey,  and  indeed  from  the  necessities  of  the  case,  that  the 
cattle  party  was  sent  out  very  soon  after  the  engagement ;  but 
whether  it  was  or  not,  may  not  be  important,  as  we  do  not 
know  when  Hale  was  captured,  or  how  soon  the  fatigue  of  his 
men  lulled  them  into  a  sufficient  sense  of  security  to  allow 
them  to  lag  upon  the  road,  or  to  halt  to  rest. 

In  weighing  the  evidence  upon  this  matter  of  Col.  Hale's  con- 
duct at  Hubbardton,  too  much  stress  must  not  be  laid  upon  the 
mere  fact  of  personal  presence  or  absence  of  the  writers  at  or 
from  the  battlefield ;  for  of  those  present  in  the  action  but  very 
few,  comparatively,  could  speak  of  their  own  personal  knowledge 
any  more  positively  than  if  they  had  been  a  hundred  miles 
away.  Whoever  has  been  in  action  knows,  from  experience, 
how  very  limited,  at  best,  is  the  range  of  one's  observation ;  and 


appendix  No.  15.  491 

when  coupled  with  the  utter  occupation  of  mind  and  thought 
with  what  is  passing  close  at   hand,  even   that   narrow  possible 
range  of  vision   becomes  contracted   indeed.     Contemporaries 
enjoying   opportunities  of  converse  with    those    presctjt    who 
saw  whereof  they  affirmed,  are  far  more  full  and  valuable  upon 
a  given  point,   than  those    who,    though  present,  attempt   to 
describe   of  their  own  knowledge  what  they  did  not  see,   for 
they  had  no  personal  knowledge  ;  and,  if  these  latter  describe 
at  all,  they   must   necessarily  relate  from   hearsay,  and   hence, 
are  on  no  better  footing  than  persons  not  present,  who  enjoyed 
opportunities  of  gleaning  from  those  who  were    both  present 
and  happened  to  see  the  particular  point  in  hand.     The  two 
British  officers,  Hadden  and  Anburey,  fuinish  good  illustrations 
of  this.     Hadden  was  an   artillery  officer,  and,  there  being   no 
artillery  at  Hubbardton,  of  course  was  not  present  in  that  engage- 
ment, though  he  had  ample  opportunities  of  conversing  with  the 
British  officers  of  Fraser's  Brigade,  when  it  rejoined  the  main 
army.       Anburey,   as  we   have  seen,  was  a   volunteer  in   the 
grenadiers  of  the  29th  Foot,  which  took  an  active  part  in  the 
action  at   Hubbardton.     Hadden  tells   us  that   a  British  officer 
with  fifteen  men,  by  a  ruse,  captured  seventy  rebels,  as  he  terms 
the  Americans ;  and  this  is  in  accord  with  Ethan  Allen's  state- 
ment.    Anburey  says,  vol.  i,   p.  335  :  "  After  the  action  was 
over,  a  Colonel  with  the  remains  of  his  regiment,  to  the  amount 
of  230,   came   and  surrendered    himself  prisoners."      These 
are  the  only  two  accounts  of  just  how  Hale  was  captured,  that 
have  come  down  to  us  ;  and  there  can  be  no  question  that  the 
version  of  the  relator  not  in  the  action,  is  more  reliable  than 
that  of  the  one  that  was  there  present.     No  other  author  than 
Anburey,  puts  the  number  of  prisoners  taken  with  Hale  at  more 


492  Appendix  No.  15. 

than  100.     Burgoyne  says  the  whole  number  of  prisoners  cap 
tured  at  Hubbardton  was  only  210;  and  Capt.  Enos  Stone  of 
Col.  Francis'  regiment,  the  nth  Massachusetts,  who  was  him- 
self a  prisoner,  gives  it  at  219^  \  and  we  know  there  were  many 
captured  from  other  regiments  than   Hale's,     If   Hale   volun- 
tarily   sought   the    British    and    surrendered    himself  and    the 
remnant  of  his  command,  as  Anburey  would  lead  us  to  infer, 
then  it  is  no  wonder  that  he  was   ordered  to  be  arrested  for 
treason.      No   one    besides  Anburey,   that  we    can  discover, 
however,  imputes    any  such   conduct  to    Hale ;    and    though 
this  writer  was  present  in   the   action  and  is  reliable  on  many 
points,  his  statement  in  regard  to  Hale  is   not  from  the  proba- 
bilities of  the  case,  coupled  with  what  facts  are  fully  established, 
nearly  as  worthy  of  credit  as  are  the  statements  of  Hadden  and 
Allen. 

We  believe  that  Hadden's  version  of  the  manner  of  Hale's 
capture,  corroborated  as  it  is,  in  a  measure,  by  ^than  Allen,  an 
American  contemporary,  is  practically  correct  ;  but,  while  it  is 
clear  that   Hale  won   no  laurels  at   Hubbardton,  yet,  whether 
he  is  justly  open  to  Allen's  fierce   denunciation  on  account 
of  his  capture,  admits  of  very  great   doubt.     Ethan  Allen  was 
constitutionally  rash— indeed,  utterly  reckless— and   his  preju- 
<lices  would  be  roused  against,  and  his  charity  entirely  withheld 
from,  the  victim  of  such  a  ruse  as  was  practised  upon  Hale ;  so 
that  no  combination  of  adverse  circumstances  would  serve  in 
his  mind  to  extenuate  Hale,  or  to  soften  his  judgment.      This 
trait  in  Allen's  character  operated  most  injuriously  against  the 
American  cause  in  Canada,  and  resulted   in   his  own  capture 
with  a  handful  of  men,  before  Montreal,  in  1775.     This  dan- 
gerous  characteristic  was  well   known   to  the  men  who  knew 
Allen  best,  for  "  the  Committee  of  the  several  townships  on 


Appendix  No,  15.  493 

the  west  side  of  the  range  of  Green  Mountains,"  when  assem- 
bled at    Dorset   in  July,  1775,   declined   to  nominate   him   to 
command   the  regiment  of  Green  Mountain    Boys;  the   vote 
standing  41  for  Scth  Warner,  to  5  for  Allen,  though  the  latter's 
zeal  and  activity  in  raising  the  corps  had  entitled  him  to  believe 
that  he  would  be  selected  for  the  first  position,  and  Warner  for 
the  second,  instead  of  being  ignored  entirely,'     Gen.  Schuyler, 
in  writing  to  the  president   of  Congress  from  Ticonderoga, 
Oct.  5,  1775,  after  Allen's  fiasco  before  Montreal,  gives  this 
unflattering  estimate  of  Allen  :  "  I  am  very  apprehensive  of  dis- 
agreeable consequences  arising  from  Mr.  Allen's  imprudence. 
I  always  dreaded   his  impatience  of  subordination  ;  and  it  was 
not  until  after  a  solemn  promise,  made  in  the  presence  of  several 
officers,  that  he  would  demean  himself  properly,  that  I  would 
permit  him   to  attend  the  Army  ;  nor  would  I  have  consented 
then,  had  not  his  solicitations  been  backed  by  several  officers.'"" 
An  unfortunate  uncertainty  exists  as  to  the  exact   part  Hale 
acted  at  Hubbardton.     Cogan's  allusion  in  his  letter,  to  Hale's 
conduct,  is  too  general  to  be  very  strong  or  authoritative ;  and 
it  is  by  no  means  clear  that  the  officers,  whom  Stark  says  con- 
firmed his  statements,  meant  to  refer  at  all  to  the  single  hearsay 
remark  about  Hale,  but  only  to  the  general  disorder,  confusion 
and  hardship  of  the  retreat  from  Ticonderoga,  which  made  up 
the  substance  of  the  letter.     Had   the  charge  of  treason,  upon 
a  sober  consideration,  had  any  foundation,  even   in  cowardice, 
lome  light,  certainly,  it  would  seem,  would  have  been  afforded 
us  by  a  trial  or  examination  ;  but  only  a  dead  blank  greets  us. 
Had  Hale  behaved  unquestionably  bad,  as  Allen  asserts,  surely 
the  evidence  could    not   have  been    suppressed   to   posterity ; 
and  yet,  where  one  would  expect  a  flood  of  light,  only  an  unccr- 


494-  Appendix  No.  15. 

tain  glimmer  is  given  us.  It  is  as  confusing  as  it  is  surprising, 
that  where  a  question  was  raised,  or  could  have  been  raised,  in 
regard  to  the  conduct  of  one  of  the  only  three  colonels  at  Hub- 
bardton,  so  little  authentic  information  in  regard  to  it  is  to  be 
found.  The  newspapers  of  the  day", — Warner,  the  immediate 
commander  at  Hubbardton", — St.  Clsir,  who  commanded  all  the 
retreating  troops  from  Ticonderoga, — the  only  three  American 
participrnt.3  in  the  action  leaving  journals  or  diaries  that  have 
come  dovw  >-  to  us — all  preserve  an  utter  silence  as  to  any  mis- 
behaviour on  the  part  of  Hale;  while  some  of  them  reflect 
upon  others  they  deemed  blameable.  The  Continental  "Journal 
for  July  24,  1777,  and  the  Boston  Gazette  for  July  28,  1777, 
contain  the  following  extract  in  regard  to  Hubbardton,  from  a 
letter  from  Albany  dated  July  14,  1777,  viz  : — "  Never  did  nor 
can  troops  behave  better  than  ours  on  this  occasion.  We  how- 
ever lost  some  brave  officers,  among  whom  is  Col.  Francis 
from  Massachusetts.  This  gentleman  behaved  like  a  hero  i 
and  so  did  the  rest  of  the  officers  in  general.'  Gen.  Schuyler 
wrote  to  Col.  Warner  from  Fort  Edward,  July  15th,  1777,  as 
follows  —  -"  I  am  favored  with  yours  of  yesterday.  *  * 
Thank  the  troops  in  my  name  for  behaving  so  well  as  you  say 
they  did  at  Flubbard  Town."  "  Warner  certainly  must  have 
known  whether  Hale  and  his  regiment  behaved  well  or  ill  ;  and 

d.     Cape.    Moses   Greeoleaf  of    Col.  and    Francis*    regiments    were    in    Brig. 

Ebenezer    Francis'    regiment,   the    nth  Gen.  Patterson's  brigade.     How  it  hap- 

Massachusetts,   says    that  on   July    6tb,  penrd    that    Hale's    regiment    took    the 

1777,  that  being  the  day  after  the  night  place  of  Brewer's,  and  why  Gen.  Patter- 

Ticonderoga  was  evacuated,     "  our  Bri-  son  was   not  in   command  of  his  brigade 

gade  March'd  in  the  rear  this  day.''  Ac-  that  day,  especially  when  it  was  perform- 

cording  to    Gen.    St.    Clair's  order    of  ing  to  important   a  duty   as  covering  a 

June    13,   1777,   brigading   th«   troops,  retreat,  we  have   not  been  able  to  uccr- 

Hale  was  in  Brig.    Gen.  DeRoche  Fer-  tain.     [£.  X  :  H.  D.] 
moy's  brigade;  and   Warner's,  Brewer's 


Appendix  No,  15.  4.95 

had  cither  behaved  badly,  truth  would  not  have  permitted  him  to 
make  such  a  report  to  his  superior  officer  as  would  have  elicited 
the  above  reply  from  Schuyler. 

i  Agam,  if  Hale  misbehaved  as  grossly  as  Allen  asserts,  it  is 
truly  extraordinary  that  we  have  been  informed  of  the  unusual 
display  of  emotion  on  the  part  of  Warner  when  Francis'  regi- 
ment broke,  but  that  no  expression  of  disappointment  or  disap- 
proval has  come  down  to  us  when  Hale  retired  ;  for  it  must  be 
remembered  that  all  three  of  the  American  regiments  were, 
sooner  or  later,  forced  to  retire  ;  Warner's  being  the  last.  Chip- 
man,  who  knew  Warner  personally,  says:  "  Warner  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  cool  courage,  and  perfect  self  possession,  on 
all  occasions.  But  in  one  instance,  was  he  ever  known  to  be 
agitated  for  a  moment,  or  deprived  of  self  possession,  by  any 
disastrous  occurrence,  however  sudden  and  unexpected.  In 
the  battle  at  Hubbardton,  Francis'  regiment  gave  way,  owing, 
as  it  afterwards  appeared,  to  the  loss  of  their  Colonel.  Warner 
had  repulsed  the  enemy,  who  had  rallied  and  renewed  the 
charge,  but  were  again  brou;^ht  to  a  stand  by  a  deadly  fire  from 
his  Green  Mountain  Boys.  At  this  anxious  and  exciting 
moment,  Warner  saw  Francis'  regiment  retreating  and  the 
battle  lost.  This  was  too  much  even  for  the  nerve  of  War- 
ner. He  dropped  down  upon  a  log  by  which  he  stood  and 
poured  out  a  torrent  of  execrations  upon  the  flying  troops  j 
but  he  instantly  rose,  and  in  a  most  collected  manner,  ordered 
his  regiment  to  Manchester."'^ 

Another  strange  circumstance  connected  with  this  affair,  if 
Hale  justly  deserves  Allen's  censure,  is  that  Gen.  St.  Clair 
who  commanded  at  Ticonderoga,  and  therefore   was   in  the 


49^  Appendix  No,  15. 

general  command  of  all  the  troops  on  the  retreat,  criticises 
Warner,  first,  for  halting  at  Hubbardton  over  night,  and 
secondl  ,  having  halted  there,  for  not  resuming  his  march  earlier 
the  next  morning.  He  also  reflects  severely  upon  Colonels 
Bellows  and  Alcott  for  not  obeying  his  orders  to  reinforce  Col. 
Warner. '<  Nowhere,  however,  does  St.  Clair  throw  out  so 
much  as  an  insinuation  against  Col.  Hale  ;  but,  on  the  contrary, 
he  indulges  in  a  gen^.^l  praise  of  the  troops  at  Hubbardton 
that  would  include  Hale  and  his  regiment.  In  writing  to  Gen. 
Schuyler,  July  8th,  St.  Clair  says  of  those  troops, —  '*  they 
made  a  very  obstinate  defence,  and  I  have  good  reason  to  think, 
killed  and  wounded  a  great  number  of  the  enemy."  Again  he 
says  of  them,  in  a  letter  to  Gov.  Bowdoin,  dated  July  9th, — 
"they  defended  themselves  very  well,  and  though  obliged  to 
retreat,  killed  and  wounded  a  great  many  of  the  enemy." 
Finally,  in  writing  to  Washington  July  17th,  he  says, — "they 
sustained  the  attack  with  great  bravery,  but  were  finally  obliged 
to  give  way. "'5 

Neither  Capt.  Moses  Greenleaf,  nor  Capt.  Enos  Stone, 
both  of  Col.  Francis'  regiment,  the  latter  of  whom  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Hubbardton,  nor  Ebenezer  Fletcher,  a  fifer  in 
Capt.  Carr's  company  in  Col.  Hale's  regiment,  who  was  also 
taken  prisoner  there,  make  any  disparaging  allusion  to  Col.  Hale 
in  their  several  journals  or  diaries.  Belknap,  the  historian  of 
New  Hampshire,  who  lived  during  the  Revolution,  and  in 
his  own  words  [vol.  2,  page  332,  note]  had  "an  intimate  ac- 
quaintance with  many  persons,  of  all  ranks,  who  were  instru- 
mental of  conducting  the  American  revolution,  through  all  its 
stages,"  and  was  favored  with  '*  a  perusal  of  many  of  their 
confidential  letters"  [vol.  2,  page  411],  must  have  known  the 


Appendix  No,  15.  4.97 

truth,  whatever   it  was,  about   so   prominent  a  person   as  the 
colonel  of  one  of  the  Continental  battalions  from   New  Hamp 
shire,  and  though  he  speaks  of  Hubbardton  and  Hale's  capture, 
yet  he  writes  nothing  about  any  misconduct. 

Stearns,  in  his  History  of  Rindge,  pai^e  1 50,  in  writing  of  Col. 
Hale,  says  with  much  force, — '*  While  visiting  his  family  on 
parole  he  was  received  with  kindness  and  honor  by  his  neigh- 
bours and  acquaintances.  He  was  not  only  a  participant  in 
the  town-meetings  held  during  the  continuance  of  his  parole, 
but  on  two  occasions  he  was  appointed  on  important  commit- 
tees. Without  the  concurring  testimony  of  tradition,  this 
fact  is  convincing  evidence  that  his  townsmen  saw  nothing  in 
his  conduct  to  question  or  condemn.  It  is  not  to  be  presumed 
that  in  a  town  meeting  they  would  have  recognized  with  favor 
any  citizen  who  had  been  guilty  of  unbecoming  conduct  in 
presence  of  the  enerny.  except  through  ignorance,  and  this  they 
could  not  plead,  since  Lieut.  James  Crumbie,  an  officer  in 
Hale's  regiment,  and  present  at  the  battle  of  Hubbardston, 
had  been  at  home  several  months  before  these  meetings  were 
held ;  and  many  others  had  returned  from  a  service  in  which 
they  were  associated  with  the  men  in  Hale's  battalion,  and 
could  not  have  failed  in  a  knowledge  of  his  misconduct,  if  such 
had  been  current  in  the  regiment."  Stearns  likewise  says  on 
page  154, — "  As  soon  as  Col.  Hale  was  apprized  of  these 
charges,  he  firmly  invited  the  most  rigid  examination  of  his 
conduct,  and  made  an  instant  appeal  to  General  Washington 
for  an  exchange  and  an  opportunity  of  vindicating  his  character 
before  a  court  martial,  affirming  in  the  language  of  presump- 
tive innocence,  his  ability  to  successfully  defend  himself  against 
any  charges  that  could  be  made  against  him.  His  early  death 
63 


498  Appendix  No,  15. 

arrested  all  proceedings  in  answer  to  his  appeal.  It  should  not 
be  forgotten  that,  dying  within  the  enemy's  lines,  he  never  had 
an  opportunity  of  vindicating  his  conduct  before  his  country- 
men or  a  military  tribunal,  or  to  refute  an  ex  parte  charge  con- 
cerning which  his  lips  were  sealed.  The  animus  of  the  attack 
upon  Col.  Hale  is  not  clearly  discerned  through  the  accumu- 
lating mist  of  a  century  ;  but  no  evidence  appears  except  his 
own  conjecture  in  his  appeal  to  Washington,  that  it  originated 
in  the  jealousy  of  his  inferior  officers.  It  is  certain  that  the 
accusation,  whatever  may  have  been  its  source,  has  never  been 
sustained  by  the  production,  or  even  promise,  of  evidence,"  &c. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  exact  terms  of  Hale's  applica- 
tion to  Washington  have  not  been  given,  so  that  each  might 
judge  for  himself  of  their  significance.  As  the  order  for  Hale's 
arrest  for  treason  was  made  September  4,  1777,  and  he  re- 
mained at  Rindge  until  June  14,  1779 — more  than  a  year  and 
nine  months  after  the  date  of  the  order  for  arrest,  it  would  seem 
as  if  there  must  have  been  time  enough  for  a  trial,  had  there 
been  any  charges  in  the  mind  of  Washington  sufficiently  grave 
to  warrant  one.  If  a  paroled  prisoner  could  have  been  arrested 
for  treason,  he  could  equally  well  have  been  tried  for  it,  and 
the  fact  that  Hale  was  not  tried,  shows  to  our  mind  that  the 
charges  must  have  been  withdrawn  as  baseless,  almost  as  soon 
as  made.  In  those  jealous  and  suspicious  times,  a  man,  who, 
it  was  believed,  could  have  been  cashiered  for  treason  or  other 
misconduct,  would  not  have  been  continued  along  for  two 
years  in  the  service  as  a  colonel ;  for  Congress  would  have 
grudged  his  pay,  and  ambitious  subordinates  would  have 
desired  the  vacancy  for  the  sake  of  securing  promotion.  Hale's 
not    having  been  tried,  appears  to  us  a   very  significant  and 


Appendix  No,  15.  499 

favorable  circumstance  for  him,  apart  from  the  uncertainty  it 
leaves  behind.  A  court  of  inquiry,  which  he  probably  sought, 
seems  not  to  have  been  thought  by  his  superiors,  necessary 
enough  to  pay  for  the  inconvenience  it  would  occasion  to  con- 
vene it ;  so  the  uncertainty  remains  undispelled.  The  fact 
that  Col.  Hale  was  at  home  in  Rindge  for  two  years  after  the 
battle  of  Hubbardton,  blunts,  in  a  measure,  the  point  of  some  of 
Mr.  Stearns'  argument. 

The  following,  it  seems  to  us,  is  the  most  probable  explana- 
tion of  Hale's  conduct.  The  British  invested  Ticonderoga 
July  3d,  and,  of  course,  the  men  were  on  active  duty  and  were 
under  more  or  less  strain  from  that  date.  July  5th,  the  British 
were  discovered  on  Sugar  Loaf  Hill,  or  Mount  Defiance — 
"  the  Mountain  which  overlooks  Ti,"  as  Capt.  Greenleaf  ex- 
presses it, — and  at  9  o'clock  that  evening  the  troops  were 
informed  of  the  proposed  evacuation.  The  *'  night  was  em- 
ployed in  packing  up  stores  and  preparing  for  a  retreat  " — a 
most  demoralizing  occupation,  as  every  soldier  knows.  The 
rear  guard  left  Ticonderoga  at  2  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and 
Mount  Independence  ai  4'*,  and  the  retreat  commenced  in 
utter  demoralization  and  confusion.''  Anburey,  in  speaking  of 
the  British  pursuit,  says,  "  we  marched  *  *  in  a  very  hot 
and  sultry  day,  over  a  continued  succession  of  steep  and  woody 
hills  "  ;  and  Capt.  Greenleaf  says, — *'  after  as  fatigueing  March 
as  I  ever  knew  we  arrived  at  a  Town  Call'd  Hubbarton  22 
Miles  from  the  Mount."  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that 
these  retreating  soldiers,  with  their  arms,  accout:  •  ments,  knap- 
sacks, canteens  and  haversacks,  were  in  no  pedestrian  attire. 
That  night  the  tired,  retreating  Americans  bivouacked  in  the 
woods  y  but  the   night  was  disturbed,  for,  as  Greenleaf  says, 


500  Appendix  No,  15. 

*'  the  Indians  took  off  a  Gentry  which  Alarm'd  our  party  which 
were  here  "  ;  and  Hale's  regiment  was  with  the  rear  guard,  and 
therefore  there.  The  morning  of  the  fight,  according  to  Green- 
leaf,  they  had  heard  that  the  British  had  captured  Skenesborough 
and  all  their  baggage,  so  it  would  appear  that  there  was  no 
element  lacking  to  depress  the  morale  of  the  troops ;  and  that 
then  was  the  time  for  their  enemies  to  strike  them  a  blow. 
At  that  very  moment  the  British  improved  their  opportunity 
and  took  the  Americans  by  surprise.  Anburey  says,  "  At 
three  in  the  morning  our  march  was  renewed,  and  about  five 
we  came  up  with  the  enemy,  who  were  busily  employed  in 
cooking  their  provisions." 

The  exact  time  of  the  beginning  of  the  action  is  variously 
fixed.  Anburey  says,  five;  Capt.  Stone,  seven*;  Capt.  Green- 
leaf,  a  little  after  seven  ;  Ebenezer  Fletcher,  "just  as  the  sun 
rose,"  which,  early  in  July,  must  have  been  about  twenty 
minutes  before  five  j  while  Hadden  gives  it,  at  two,  which  is 
palpably  wrong,  he  probably  having  confused  the  hour  of  the 
British  beginning  their  march  that  morning,  with  the  time  of 
their  beginning  the  attack ;  and  two  is  an  hour  earlier  even, 
than  Anburey  says  the  British  marched.  The  Americans  all 
admit  that  they  were  taken  by  surprise.  Capt.  Stone  says, 
^'  the  Inemy  came  upon  us  without  warning."  Ebenezer 
Pletcher,  of  Hale's  regiment,  gives  this  account  of  the  action 
until  his  regiment  was  driven  back.'^  "  The  morning  after  our 
retreat,"  he  says,  *'  orders  came  very  early  for  the  troops  to 
refresh  and  be  ready  for  marching.  Some  were  eating,  some 
were  cooking,  and  all  in  a  very  unfit  posture  for  battle.  Just 
as  the  sun  rose,  there  was  a  cry,  '  the  enemy  are  upon  us,'    Look- 


Appendix  No,  15.  501 


ing  round  I  saw  the  enemy  in  line  of  battle.     Orders  came  to 
lay  down  our  packs  and  be  ready  for  action.    The  fire  instantly 
began.       We    were    but    few    in    number   compared    to    the 
enemy.     At  the  commencement  of  the  battle,  many  of  our 
party  retreated  back  into  the  woods.     Capt.  Carr  came  up  and 
says,  '  My  lads  advance,  we  shall  beat  them  yet.'      A  few  of 
us  followed  him  in  view  of  the  enemy.     Every  man  was  trying 
to  secure  himself  behind  girdled  trees,  which  were  standing  on 
the  place  of  action.     I  made  shelter  for  myself  and  discharged 
my   piece.       Having    loaded  again  and   taken  aim,   my  piece 
missed  fire.      I  brought  the  same  a  second   time  to  my  face  ; 
but  before  I  had  time  to  discharge  it,  I  received  a  musket  ball 
in  the  small  of  my  back,  and  fell  with   my  gun  cocked.       My 
uncle,  Daniel   Foster,  standing  but   little  distance  from   me,  I 
made  out  to  crawl  to  him  and  spoke  to  him.     He  and  another 
man  lifted  me  and  carried   me  back  some  distance  and  laid  me 
down  behind  a  large  tree,  where  was  another  man  crying  out 
most  bitterly  with  a  grievous  wound.      By  this  time  I  had  bled 
so  freely,  I  was  very  weak  and  faint.       I  observed  the  enemy 
were  like  to  gain  the  ground.      Our  men  began  to  retreat  and 
the   enemy  to  advance.       Having  no  friend   to  afford   me  any 
relief,  every  one  taking  care  of  himself,  all  things  looked  very 
shocking  to  me  ;  to  remain  where  I  was  and  fall  into  the  hands 
of  the  enemy,  especially  in   the  conditional  was  in,  expecting 
to  receive  no  mercy,  it  came  into  my  mind  to  conceal  myself 
if  possible.     I  made  use  of  my  hands  and  knees,  as  well  as  I 
could,  and  crawled  about   two  rods   among   some  small   brush, 
and  got  under  a  log.     Here  I   lay  concealed  from    the  enemy, 
who  came  instantly  to  the  place   I   lay  wounded   at.     What 
became  of  my  distressed   partner   I   know  not.      The  enemy 


502  Appendix  No,  15. 

pursued  our  men  in  great  haste.  Some  of  them  came 
over  the  log  where  I  lay.  Some  came  so  near  I  could  almost 
touch  them.  I  was  not  discovered  by  the  enemy  till  the  battle 
was  over."  Fletcher  goes  on  to  describe  how  he  was  dis- 
covered by  the  British  and  conducted  to  their  camp.  "  Here," 
he  says,  **  I  found  a  number  of  my  brother  soldiers  in  the  same 
situation  as  myself."  Although  there  is  no  positive  statement 
to  that  effect,  yet  all  the  surrounding  circumstances  point  to 
the  extreme  probability,  if  not  almost  actual  certainty,  that 
Hale's  was  the  outlying  and  most  exposed  regiment,  and  was 
in  rear  of  Warner's  and  Francis'  regiments,  and  so  subject  to 
the  enemy's  first  attack. 

The  accounts  of  all  the  participants  above  given,  clearly 
show  that  Warner's  troops  were  taken  by  surprise,  and  St. 
Clair  so  states.  We  have  no  means  of  knowing  in  exactly 
what  state  Warner's  regiment  was  when  the  enemy  struck  it, 
as  we  have  found  no  account  by  a  member  of  that  organization. 
Francis'  regiment  had  just  been  formed  ;  but  Hale's  regiment 
was  not  formed,  and  the  advancing  enemy  first  struck  this  latter 
regiment  unformed,  and,  of  course,  in  confusion,  and  hence 
easily  hurled  it  back  ;  while  Warner  and  Francis  being  formed 
and  acting  more  in  unison,  were  better  able  to  resist.  It  is  im- 
possible to  conceive  exactly  what  Allen  meant,  by  saying, 
"  Col.  Hale  being  apprized  of  the  danger,  never  brought  his 
regiment  to  the  charge  but  left  Warner  and  Francis  to  stand 
the  blowing  of  it,  and  fled."  If  he  meant  that  Hale  did  not 
form  and  fight  in  regimental  formation  at  all,  it  was  undoubtedly 
true ;  but  the  reason  is  apparent,  and  had  the  British  attacked 
but  a^few  minutes  earlier,  according  to  Greenleaf,  they  would 
have   found   Francis'  regiment  likewise   unformed.      From  a 


Appendix  No,  15.  503 

military  stand-point,  one  would  suppose  that  the  commander  of 
the  rear  guard  was  to  blame  for  not  having  pickets  thrown  far 
enough  out  in  his  rear  to  have  apprised  him  of  the  enemy's 
advance  in  sufficient  time  to  have  formed  his  command  to  meet 
them,  and  thus  avoid  a  surprise  ;  and  St.  Clair  certainly  blamed 
Warner,  and  did  not  mention  Hale. 

A  quick,  sharp,  decisive  action,  beginning  with  a  surprise 
and  ending  with  a  rout,  scattered  the  weary,  retreating  Amer- 
icans, and  hopelessly  demoralized  them.  Francis'  regiment 
was  **  overpowered  by  numbers,"  and  broken  to  pieces  ;  and 
Capt.  Greenleaf  brought  off,  of  his  company,  only  a  wounded 
sergeant  and  six  men  with  him,  a  number  of  his  company  being 
taken  prisoners.  Warner  with  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifty 
of  his  regiment,  made  his  way  to  Manchester.  Such  a  suc- 
cession of  demoralizing  events  begets  a  condition  of  mind 
favorable  to  becoming  a  victim  of  stratagem,  and  a  few 
determined  men,  exhilarated  by  success  just  in  proportion  as 
the  other  side  was  depressed  by  defeat,  could  effect  vastly  more 
than  could  be  accomplished  under  other  circumstances.  The 
mountains  were  steep  and  woody,  and  afforded  precisely  the 
position  for  such  a  ruse  as  Hadden  describes.  The  combina- 
tion of  adverse  circumstances  had  thickened  round  Hale  darkly 
enough  to  lead  a  discriminating  student,  to  go  with  great  caution 
in  weighing  the  justice  of  Ethan  Allen's  harsh  judgment  of 
Hale's  conduct.  When  Hale's  band  of  about  a  hundred  men, 
therefore,  came  straggling  on,  as,  under  the  circumstances,  it  is 
not  very  strange  it  should,  in  no  condition  to  form  rapidly,  and 
unexpectedly  encountered  what  by  the  nature  of  the  position 
and  the  arrangement  of  the  British   party  seemed   to  be  a  sub- 


50+  Appendix  No,  15. 

stantial  force  intercepting  it,  and  was  Summoned  to  surrender, 
Hale  doubtless  complied,  with  the  idea  of  sparing  the  lives  of 
his  men  ;  for,  had  the  force  been  what  he  undoubtedly  believed 
it  to  be,  it  could  easily  have  enforced  its  demand.  The  ruse 
is  not  an  uncommon  one  in  war,  and,  under  favoring  circum- 
stances, sometimes  succeeds.  Had  not  the  conditions  favored 
in  Hale's  case,  the  British  officer  would  not  have  had  the 
temerity  to  make  the  attempt. 

Such,  in  our  opinion,  was  the  probable  conduct,  with  its  ex- 
planation, of  Col.  Nathan  Hale  at  Hubbardton.  That  his 
superiors  did  not  deem  him  very  censurab'e,  would  seem  to  be 
shown  by  his  not  having  been  court  martialed,  and  by  no  more 
reflections  upon  his  behaviour  having  come  down  to  us.  It 
could  hardly  be  expected  that  the  victim  of  so  unfortunate  a 
capture,  would  escape  unfavorable  comment  altogether.  Who- 
ever recalls  the  retreat  from  Bull  Run,  in  the  early  days  of  the 
late  Rebellion,  will,  we  fancy,  understand  what  Hadden  meant, 
when,  in  speaking  of  the  American  troops  after  the  defeat  at 
Hubbardton,  he,  unlike  Ethan  Allen,  referred  to  Hale's  capture, 
not  in  words  of  contempt,  but  only,  **  as  a  proof  of  what  may  be 
done  against  beaten  battalions  while  their  fears  are  strong  upon 
them."  ['I.  M.  83-99 :  D.  I.  45.  »I.  O.  O.  526,  527,  529. 
3B.  106.  '•I.  O.  O.  651.  5l.  o.  O.  672.  «B.  N.  27,  48. 
»0.  330,  340.  ^I.  K.  301-303.  'M.  L.  6.  '°E.  951.  "C. 
Q.  Q:  C.  Q.  "L.  A.  "C.  A.  80.  mK.  W.  423,  427, 
432,  436.  'sK.  W.  423,  426,  432.  '«£.  X.  ''C,  R  :  B.  B. 
'»D.  I.] 


Appendix  No,  16.  505 


NO.  16. 

Governor  Philip  Skene. 

For  a  number  of  years  preceding  our  Revolutionary  struggle 
there  were  three  officers  named  Philip  Skene  in  the  British 
army.  During  the  war  that  effected  the  conquest  of  Canada, 
one  of  them  was  a  captain  in  the  26th  Foot-,"  another,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  held  the  same  rank  in  the  27th  Foot ; 
while  the  third  appears  in  the  Army  List  of  1765,  as  a  lieu- 
tenant on  the  half-pay  of  the  72d  Foot,  where  he  continues 
so  to  appear  down  to  and  including  the  List  of  1774'' 

The  Philip  Skene  referred  to  in  the  text,  was  a  grandson  of 
John  Skene  of  Halyards,  in  Fifeshire,  Scotland,  who  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Wallace,  of  Craigie,  in 
Ayrshire,  the  nearest  collateral  descendant  of  the  celebrated 
but  unfortunate  William  Wallace.  Philip  Skene  entered  the 
army  in  1739,  but  as  the  only  set  of  British  Army  Lists  acces- 
sible to  the  annotator,  that  in  the  Astor  Library,  does  not  ex- 
tend back  of  the  year  1754,  it  is,  of  course,  impossible  to  give 
the  dates  of  his  commissions  prior  to  those  held  at  that  date. 
Besides  many  actions  of  inferior  note,  he  was  at  the  taking  and 

a.     This  officer    became  a    captain  in  a  colonel  in  the  army  Feb.  19,  1779,  and 

the  z6th  Foot   June  19,    1751,  major  of  a  major-general     Nov.   20,    1782.     Hit 

the  52d  Foot  Dec.  19,  1764,  lieutenant-  name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the 

colonel  of  the  69th  Foot  April  20,  1771,  last  time  in  1792.     [B.  H.] 

64 


5o6  Appendix  No,  i6. 

destroying  of  Carthagena  and  Portobello,  at  the  battle  of  Cul- 
loden,  and  afterwards  at  Fontenoy,  Lafeldt,  etc.,  under  his  Royal 
Highness,  the  Duke  of  Cumberland  ;  and  he  was  more  than 
once  wounded.'  He  was  commissioned  a  lieutenant  in  the  ist, 
or  Royal  Regiment  of  Foot,  August  i6,  1750,  and  he  was  pro- 
moted to  a  captaincy  February  2,  I757>  in  the  27th,  or  Innis- 
killing  Foot,  then  in  America  ; '  and  which  regiment  formed 
part  of  the  force  under  Lord  Loudoun  that  year.  He  was  at 
Gen.  Abercrombie's  unfortunate  attack  on  Ticonderoga  July 
8,  1758,  where  he  was  wounded. ^  The  next  year  he  was  at 
the  capture  of  that  fortress  by  Gen.  Amherst,  by  whom  he  was 
appointed  major  of  brigade,  July  31,  1759^;  and  on  the  loth  of 
the  next  October  he  was  detailed  to  serve  in  that  capacity  to 
the  troops  left  under  the  command  of  Brigadier  Ruggles  at 
Crown  Point. 5  His  service  in  that  locality  colored  his 
whole  after-life,  as  it  opened  up  to  his  knowledge  a  country 
where  he  subsequently  concluded  to  settle.  In  1762,  Capt. 
Skene  went  upon  the  expedition  against  Martinico  and  Havana 
under  Lord  Albermarle,  he  being  one  of  the  first  to  enter  the 
breach  at  the  storming  of  Moro  Castle ;  and  on  the  capture  of 
Havana  he  was  appointed  its  town  major.'  Philip  Skene 
never  attained  a  higher  rank  in  the  army  than  a  captaincy',  and 
his  title  of  major  was,  doubtless,  obtained  from  his  having  been 
brigade  major  and  town  major ;  but  his  title  of  colonel  is  not 
so  easily  accounted  for,  though  it  was,  probably,  purely  com- 
plimentary. When  his  regiment  was  ordered  to  Ireland  Capt. 
Skene  exchanged  with  Capt.  Henry  Cowan  of  the  10th  Foot, 
in  order  to  remain  in  America,  his  commission  in  this  latter 
regiment  bearing  date  May  26,  1768.  He  did  not  remain 
either  in  the   lOth,  or  in  the  army,  long  after   that,  however, 


h 


Appendix  No.  i6.  507 

as  he  sold  out  Dec.  4,  1769,10  Lieut.  Lawrence  Parsons  of  the 
lOth,  and  retired  from  the  military  service  altogether.' 

Dr.  Fitch,  in  writing  of  Skene's  land  operations,  says :  — 
**  It  being  now  evident  that  the  war  was  soon  to  terminate,  his 
enterprising  spirit  seems  to  have  induced  him  to  seek  some 
surer  path  to  distinction  and  wealth  than  would  be  afforded  him 
in  the  army  on  the  return  of  peace.  The  idea  .of  being  the 
founder  and  leading  man  of  a  considerable  settlement  at  the 
head  of  this  most  important  lake  "  (Champlain)  "  occurred  to 
him,  and  on  consulting  with  Gen.  Amherst  upon  this  subject, 
his  commander  strongly  encouraged  him  in  this  project.  He 
therefore  resolved  to  embark  in  it  witliout  delay,  and  in  the 
year  1761,  at  his  own  expense,  moved  thirty  families  to  the 
mouth  of  Wood  Creek,  and  supplied  them  with  provisions  for 
their  subsistence.  But  in  the  autumn  of  this  year  he  left  them 
for  a  time,  in  order  to  accompany  the  expedition  against  Mar^ 
tinique  and  Havana,  that  now  drew  off  all  the  surplus  troops 
from  our  land.  Deprived  of  his  fostering  care,  the  settlers  be- 
came discouraged  with  their  lonely  situation,  so  far  in  the 
wilderness,  and  most  of  them  abandoned  the  place.  When 
Col.  Skene  returned  from  the  West  Indies  in  1763,  he  found 
that  of  his  infant  colony,  only  fifteen  persons  were  remaining. 
But  the  project  in  which  he  had  embarked  had  now  become 
too  favorite  a  one  with  him  to  be  abandoned.  He  accordingly 
with  twenty-four  other  persons,  Nov.  12th,  1763,  petitioned 
for  a  grant  of  25,000  acres  at  the  mouth  of  Wood  Creek, 
stating  that  he  believed  he  could,  if  duly  encouraged  by  the 
government,  settle  a  hundred  families  within  three  years,  upon 
the  lands  applied  for.  March  13th,  1765,  the  patent  was  issued, 
and  the  tract  thus  granted  was  incorporated  into  a  township, 


5o8  Appendix  No.  i6. 

named  Skenesborough.  *  *  In  addition  to  this  tract  Skene 
obtained,  July  6th,  177 1,  a  further  grant  of  9,000  acres,  known 
as  *  Skene's  little  patent,'  adjoining  the  north  side  of  the  great 
patent."  » 

Skene,  whom  Dr.  Fitch  characterizes  as  "  a  man  of  intelli- 
gence, wealth  and  enterprise,  beyond  any  other  person  that  was 
in  the  country  foi  several  years,"  sedulously  devoted  himself 
to  the  settlement  and  improvement  of  his  township  and  the 
devolopement  of  the  resources  of  the  surrounding  district.  He 
burned  lime,  quarried  stone,  and  reared  buildings  of  a  character 
far  more  substantial  than  any  other  private  individual  in  the  prov- 
ince aspired  to  possess  in  those  days.  He  erected  and  operated  a 
forge,  and  built  and  run  saw  mills.  He  constructed  and  navi- 
gated vessels  on  the  lake  north  of  him,  and  laid  out  and  opened 
roads  to  communicate  with  the  settlement  south  of  him,' 

In  the  collisions  between  the  Yorkers  and  the  Green  Moun- 
tain Boys,  Skene  does  not  seem  to  have  been  conspicuous ;  yet 
on  the  24th  of  August,  1774,  Governor  Tryon,  by  advice  of 
his  Majesty's  Council,  directed  Philip  Skene,  J.  Munro, 
Patrick  Smith,  and  John  McComb,  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  the 
County  of  Albany,  to  try  Cockran  and  fourteen  other  armed 
men  for  violently  assaulting  and  dispossessing  Donald  Mc- 
Intyre  and  other  complainants,  of  lands  granted  by  New  York, 
and  improved  by  them  near  Argyle.^ 

The  expedition,  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  Ticon- 
deroga  by  Ethan  Allen,  and  Crown  Point  by  Seth  Warner,  in 
May,  1775,  soon  after  the  opening  of  hostilities  between  the 
American  colonies  and   the  mother  country,  also  included   the 

*.     The  name  wai  changed,  in  1788,  to  Whitehall,  its  present  appellation. 


appendix  No,  i6. 


509 


capture  of  Skencsborough.  This  part  of  the  plan  was  entrusted 
to  Capt.  Samuel  Herrick,  of  the  Hampshire  Grants,  who,  on 
the  9th  of  May,  with  thirty  men,  proceeded  to  Skencsborough 
and  took  Skene,  the  younger,  his  aunt,  two  sisters,  and  a  man 
named  Brook,  prisoners,  and  seized  a  schooner  and  several 
batteaux,  with  which  they  hastened  to  Ticonderoga.  Skene, 
the  elder,  had  been  in  England  where  he  had  been  appointed 
*  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  and 
surveyor  of  his  Majesty's  woods  and  forests  bordering  on  Lake 
Champlain,'"  and  where  he  had  married  a  lady  with  a  fortune 
of  £40,000 ;  but  he  sailed  from  London  for  Quebec,  in  the 
ship  Sally,' in  May,  1775.  Learning  from  a  vessel  which  was 
spoken  on  the  banks  of  Newfoundland,  of  the  loss  of  Ticon- 
deroga, the  vessel's  course  was  changed  so  that  he  landed  at 
Philadelphia,  June  7th. '" 

The  several  votes  of  Congress  in  regard  to  Skene  seem  to 
elevate  him  into  an  importance  he  scarcely  merited.  June  8th, 
"  the  Congress  being  informed  that  a  major  Skene,  with  some 
other  officers,  who  arrived  last  evening,  in  a  vessel  from  London, 


c.  Early  in  April,  1775,  some  of  the 
counties  (Cumbsrland,  Gloucester,  etc.) 
in  New  Hampshire,  aroused  against  the 
New  York  government  by  the  West- 
minster massacre,  held  a  convention  and 
passed  a  vote  of  grievances,  '  with  an 
humble  petition  to  be  taken  out  of  to 
oppressive  a  jurisdiction,  and  either  an- 
nexed to  some  other  government  or 
erected  and  incorporated  into  a  new  one, 
ai  may  appear  to  the  said  inhabitants,  to 
the  royal  wisdom  and  clemency,  and  till 
tuch  time  as  his  Majesty  shall  settle  this 
controversy.'  It  is  probable  that  the  con- 
templated prayer  in  the  proposed  petition 
to  the  king,  in  the  alternative  of  '  being 
erected  and  incorporated  into  a  new  gov- 


ernment,' had  reference  to  a  project 
which  had  been  formed  by  Cul.  Allen, 
William  Gilliland,  and  others,  in  con- 
junction  with  Col.  Philip  Skene,  ^j  es- 
tablish a  ruyal  colony,  which  was  to  em- 
brace the  grants  of  New  Hampshire  west 
of  Connecticut  River,  and  the  country 
north  of  the  Mohawk  and  west  to  Lake 
Ontario,  and  to  reach  north  to  the  forty- 
fifth  degree  of  latitude,  of  which  colony 
Col.  Skene  was  to  have  been  the  royid 
governor.  What  the  precise  character 
and  extent  of  his  authority  was,  or  what 
was  really  in  contemplation  by  him,  or 
by  the  king's  government,  is  not  known. 
[F.N,  244.] 


510  Appendix  No.  i6. 

were,  with  their  papers,  in  the  custody  of  the  troops  of  this 
city  ;  that  the  said  Skene  has  lately  been  appointed  governor 
of  the  forts  of  Ticonderoga,  and  Crown-Point ;  that  one  of  the 
officers  with  him,  is  a  lieutenant  in  the  regulars,  now  in  the 
province  of  Quebec ;  and  moreover,  that  the  said  Skene  had 
declared,  that  he  has  authority  to  raise  a  regiment  in  America  ; 
from  all  this,  apprehending  that  the  said  Skene  is  a  dangerous 
partisan  of  administration,  and  that  his  papers  may  contain  in- 
telligence of  ministerial  designs  against  America,  very  important 
to  be  known : 

"  Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  examine  the 
papers  of  the  said  Skene  and  lieutenant,  in  their  presence : 

"  That  the  committee  consist  of  Mr.  J.  Adams,  Mr.  Deane, 
and  Mr.  Mifflin  : 

*'  That  the  said  committee  be  upon  honour  to  conceal  what- 
ever, of  a  private  nature,  may  come  to  their  knowledge  by  such 
examination ;  and  that  they  communicate,  to  this  Congress, 
what  they  shall  discover  relative  to  the  present  dispute  between 
Great-Britain  and  America." 

Two  days  later  the  committee  having  reported.  Gov.  Skene 
was  released  from  confinement  and  permitted  to  go  at  large 
anywhere  within  eight  miles  of  Philadelphia,  between  Delaware 
and  Schuylkill,  on  his  parole  of  honor  not  to  pass  those  limits, 
and  that  he  would  hold  no  correspondence  with  any  person 
whatsoever,  on  any  political  subject.  June  27th  it  was  resolved 
that  Gov.  Skene  be  sent  under  a  guard  to  Weathersfield,  or 
Middletown,in  Connecticut,  there  to  be  confined  on  his  parole 
not  to  go  out  of  the  bounds  prescribed  to  him  by  Gov.  Trum- 
bull.     July  5th,  "  it  appearing  that  governor  Philip  Skene  and 


Appendix  No,  i6.  511 

Mr.  Lundy  have  designs  inimical  to  America  :  Ordered,  That  it 
be  recommended  to  the  delegates  of  the  colony  of  Pennsylvania, 
to  have  the  order  of  Congress  of  the  27th  of  June  last,  respect- 
ing the  sending  governor  Skene  to  Connecticut,  immediately 
carried  into  execution."  So  Skene  was  despatched  to  Connec- 
ticut under  a  guard  of  nineteen  men."  July  24,  1775,  Jonathan 
Trumbull,  Jr.,  wrote  to  his  brother  Joseph, — '* Gov.  Skene 
has  been  very  surly  and  turbulent,  and  is  very  much  displeased 
with  his  destination  in  the  town  of  Hartford — swore,  before  he 
left  Philadelphia,  that  he  would  never  come  here — at  least  he 
would  not  come  alive.  Mr.  Ross,  one  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Delegates,  told  him  they  "did  not  pretend  to  have  power  over 
his  soul — but  that  if  he  disengaged  soul  and  body,  his  body 
should  go  where  it  was  ordered."  '* 

From  Hartford  Gov.  Skene  and  his  son,  together  with  Major 
French,  were  taken  for  better  security,  on  an  order  of  the 
Connecticut  Assembly,  to  West  Hartford,  where  they  boarded 
for  about  a  year  at  their  own  expense  in  the  family  of  Widow 
Hooker,  Gov.  Skene  having  his  family  with  him.  They  were 
often  insulted  by  the  inhabitants  as  enemies  of  the  cqlony,  and 
Skene  narrowly  escaped  being  tarred  and  feathered  by  his 
neighbors  at  West  Hartford,  for  what  they  deemed  his  un- 
patriotic and  insulting  demeanour.'^  William  Pitkin  wrote 
from  Hartford  to  Gov.  Trumbull,  under  date  of  July  10,  1776, 
as  follows  : — "  I  have  since  the  first  of  this  month,  kept  a  guard 
at  my  powder-mill,  at  the  expense  of  seven  shillings  per  night. 
I  was  urged  into  the  measure  by  a  great  number  of  gentlemen 
that  live  forty  or  fifty  miles  distant.  Threats  have  leaked  out 
from  Skene,  and  other  inimical  monsters,  that  it  should  be  de- 
stroyed, if  art  or  money  could  effect  it."  *' 


512  Appendix  No,  16. 

The  Americans  were  so  nervous  and  distrustful  in  those  days 
that  little  things  often  excited  undue  alarm.  On  May  nth,  1776, 
Gov.  Skene's  negro  servant  was  elected  governor  for  the  negroes, 
it  then  being  the  custom,  as  it  had  been  for  years  previous,  and 
continued  to  be  for  some  time  after  the  war  closed,  for  the 
negroes  of  Connecticut,  in  imitation  of  their  masters,  to  elect  one 
of  their  number  for  \.\\t\x  governor,  who  was  uniformly  treated 
with  great  attention  and  respect  by  them,  and  who  never  failed 
to  be  addressed  by  his  colored  brethren  as.  Governor.  This 
occurrence  so  alarmed  the  citizens  of  Hartford,  that  Gov.  Skene 
was  at  once  suspected  of  having  been  concerned  in  his  negro's 
election  with  some  design  upon  the  peace  of  the  state ;  where- 
upon a  committee  was  appointed  to  investigate  the  matter.'* 
Though  the  captive  governor  was  not  inculpated  by  the  com- 
mittee, yet  the  nerves  of  the  good  citizens  of  Hartford  were 
doubtless  greatly  soothed,  when,  on  the  23d  of  that  month,  Gov. 
Skene  was  committed  to  gaol  by  the  Committee  of  Prisoners, 
for  refusing  to  sign  a  parole.'^ 

An  extract  from  a  letter  written  at  Cambridge,  Nov.  9,  1775, 
and  found  in  The  Remembrancer,  vol.  I,  p.  176,  says — "Gen, 
Washington  sent  a  flag  into  Boston  a  day  or  two  before  Gen. 
Gage  left  it,  oftering  an  exchange  of  prisoners,  viz  Major 
French  for  Col.  Parker,  Lieut.  Knight  (of  the  navy)  for  Capt. 
Scott,  and  his  Excellency  Governor  Skene  for  Corporal  Cruise. 
The  two  first  were  accepted,  but  the  last  was  rejected  with 
scorn."  Skene  was  finally  exchanged  for  James  Lovell,  and 
arrived  in  New  York,  Oct.  7,  1776,  a  free  man  once  more.'* 
After  serving  under  Sir  William  Howe  for  a  short  time  he 
went  to  England,  but  returned  to  America  in  the  spring  of 
1777  and  proceeded  to  Canada,  whence  he  accompanied  Bur- 


Appendix  No,  i6.  513 

goyne  on  his  expedition  where  he  was   taken   prisoner,    being 
included  in  the  Saratoga  surrender/ 

If  not  always  a  judicious  adviser,  Slcpiie  was,  at  least,  a  brave 
officer,  and  during  Burgoyne's  campaign  he  had  two  horses 
(hot  under  him.*  The  kind  of  advice  Skene  has  the  credit  of 
having  give  3urgoyne,  is  indicated  by  a  couple  of  extracts  from 
writers  with  ptonounced  tory  sympathies.  Judge  Jones,  in  vol. 
I,  page  202,  of  his  History  of  New  Tor k  during  the  Revolutionary 
War^  uses  this  language.  "  This  is  his  "  [Burgoyne's]  "  excuse 
for  taking  the  fatiguing,  toilsome,  harassing  route  he  did,  instead 
of  what  he  acknowledges  to  be  '  the  more  commodious  and  easy 
one  by  way  of  Fort  George.'  Had  he  fairly  and  openly  told  the 
truth,  he  would  have  declared  that  the  route  he  pursued  was  by 
the  advice  of  Colonel  Skene,  the  proprietor  of  Skenesborough, 
and  whose  estate  there,  by  clearing  out  the  Wood  Creek,  and 
making  a  firm  substantial  road  from  thence  to  Fort  Edward, 
with  strong  bridges  over  all  the  creeks,  and  causeways  through 
the  swamps  and  morasses,  had  Great  Britain  succeeded  in  the 
contest,  would  have  been  rendered  more  valuable  by  several 
thousand  pounds."  Dr.  Gordon,  in  the  2d  vol.,  page  571,  of 
his  History  of  the  American  Revolution,  in  writing  of  Burgoyne's 
retreat  after  the  battle  of  Bemus*  Heights,  says  : — '*  It  is  be- 
lieved, that  gen.  Burgoyne,  when  upon  the  point  of  retreating, 
said  to  major  Skeen  to  this  purport — '  You  have  been  the 
occasion  of  getting  me  into  this  difficulty,  now  advise  nre  how 
to  get  out  of  it,' — referring  to  the  advice  the  major  gave  in 
relation  to  the  Bennington  expedition  :  and  that  the  major 
answered — '  Scatter  your  baggage,  stores  and  every  thing  else 
that  can  be  spared,  at  proper  distances  -,  and  the  militia  will  be 

65 


514  Appendix  No.  16. 

so  engaged  in  collecting  and  securing  the  same,  that  the  troops 
will  have  an  opportunity  of  getting  clear  off.'  " 

Lieut.  Hadden,  evidently,  had  no  high  opinion  of  the  value 
of  Skene's  services,  and  he  undoubtedly    represented   the  pre- 
vailing sentiment  in  Burgoyne's  army.     It  is  clear  that  Skene 
did  not  comprehend  the  deep  rooted  hostility  of  the  Americans 
to  the    British    government,  as    he    was    fatally    deceived    by 
superficial  pretensions  of  loyalty  that  cost  Col.  Baum  his  de- 
tachment  and    his    life,   at    Bennington.       ''  A    letter    from 
Philadelphia  dated  June   13,   I775i"  and  printed  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania  Gazette  for  August  2d  in   that  year,  to  be   found  in 
The  Remembrancer,  wo\.   i,    page   130,  "reports   that    Major 
Skeene  (who  was  made  prisoner  upon  his  landing  at  Philadelphia 
from  England   on  his  way  to  Crown  Point,  of  which  he  was 
appointed   Governor)  saw   from  a  window,  the  militia  of  that 
city   exercise    before  the    Congress,  and  that   he    was   so  as- 
tonished at  their  excellent  discipline  and  formidable  appearance, 
that  in  spite  of  his  prejudice  he  could  not  forbear  exclaiming 
in  the  following  words—*  Well,  if  the  Angel  Gabriel  had  de- 
scended from  Heaven,  and  reported  to  me  what  I  now  behold, 
I  could  scarcely,  have  believed  it.'  " 

Skene  seems  to  have  had  a  most  unfortunate  experience  with 
the  Americans.  The  following  advertisement  is  extracted 
from  the  Boston  Gazette  for  Monday,  November  10,  1777. 

'*  Springfield,  November  7,  1777. 

^t  Whereas  Colonel  Skeen  is  well  known  to  be  a  notorious 

Enemy  to  our  Country's  Liberties,  and   has  broke  his  Fa.th 

of  Capitulation,  and  gone  directly  contrary  to  General  Gates's 

positive  Orders  to  him  in  particular,  when  attempting  to  go  to 


Appendix  No,  i6.  515 

Albany  against  Orders— when  General  Gates  took  from  him 
his  Sword,  and  ordered  him  to  go  directly  to  Boston,  with  the 
English    Troops,  which   was  to  go  by  the  shortest  Rout— He 
has  stroled  thro'  the   Country  to  Hartford,  where  he   said    he 
was  taking  his  own  Way  to   Boston,  but  is  mistrusted  to  be 
going  to  Long  or  Rhode  Island— Therefore  it  is  recommended 
and  desired,  that  every  Friend  to  the  Country  will  apprehend 
said  OfFender,  wherever  he  may  be  found,  and  closely  confine 
him  in  some  State-Gaol  till  General  Gates's  further   Pleasure 
and  Orders  may  be  known  about  him. 

"  Ebenezer  Learned,  B.  G." 

Though  he  finally  arrived  at  Hartford  under  guard,  yet 
parole  limits  did  not  long  contain  him,  as  shown  by  the  follow- 
ing letter  from  the  American  Deputy  Commissary  of  Prisoners, 
found  among  the  Heath  Papers. 

"  Hartford,  NovW  ii,  1777. 
"  S'r  :  I  take  the  freedom  to  inform  your  Hon''  that  Maj'"" 
alias  Governer  Skene  has  been  strooting  Down  6  miles  west  of 
Hartford,  from  thence  to  East  Winsor,  thence  towards 
Springfield  (this  I  have  by  information) :  how  he  can  acc't  for 
such  conduct,  after  being  sent  back  by  Gen'l  Gates  under 
Guard  for  like  conduct  at  or  near  Albany— I  mu^t  leave  to 
your  better  Judgement,— for  enquiry.  I  expect  to  be  on  in  a 
few  Days. 

"  I  am  S'r  Your  Obedient  Hum.  Serv', 

"Joshua  Mersereau, 

"  D.  C.  of  Prisoners. 
'*  The  Honourable  Gen'  Heath." 


5i6  appendix  No.  i6. 

In  May  and  June,  1779,  Skene  was  in  England  where  he 
was  under  orders  of  the  House  of  Commons  as  a  witness  in 
the  investigation  of  Burgoyne's  campaign,  though  his  testimony 
was  not  taken.  Philip  Skene  and  his  son,  Andrew  Philip 
Skene,  were,  by  the  New  York  Act  of  Attainder  passed  Oct. 
22d,  1779,  '*  attainted  of  the  offence  of  adhering  to  the  enemies 
of  the  State,  and  their  estates  forfeited  to  the  People  of  this 
state."  After  the  war,  it  is  said  that  Skene  came  to  this 
country  during  Gov.  Clinton's  administration  and  tried  to  re- 
cover his  property  ;  but,  not  succeeding,  went  back  to 
England  where  he  lived  in  retirement  and  died  at  Addersey 
Lodge,  near  Stoke  Goldington,  Bucks,  on  the  9th  of  October, 
1 810,  at  an  advanced  age^  leaving  a  son  and  two  daughters.' 

Dr.  Fitch  gives  this  description  of  Skene's  personal  ap- 
pearance, and  the  popular  feeling  entertained  for  him  in  his 
lifetime  by  the  Americans  of  his  neighborhood.  *'  We  are 
surprised,"  says  the  doctor  *'at  the  malignancy  of  the  hatred 
which  most  of  our  old  people  manifest  towards  this  man  *' 
(Skene).  ^'  From  one,  who  in  his  youth  saw  him  repeatedly 
in  Burgoyne's  camp  at  Fort  Edward,  we  are  told  that  he  was 
a  large,  fine  looking  person,  with  a  pleasant  countenance  and 
an  affable  deportment.  Except  what  took  place  in  open  and 
honorable  warfare,  we  cannot  learn  that  he  was  privy  to  any 
acts  by  which  the  inhabitants  here,  were  ever  distressed  or 
molested  in  any  way.  But  there  is  no  doubt  his  power  and 
influence  and  the  known  energy  of  his  character  made  the 
leading  whigs  of  the  county  from  the  very  outset  of  our  rev- 
olutionary contest  fear  him,  ten  fold  more  than  any  other 
friend  of  the  King  dwelling  in  this  section  of  the  state  "  (i.  e. 
Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.).     "  They  saw  that  it  was  necessary 


appendix  No.  17.  517 

that  his  popularity  among  the  inhabitants  should  be  effectually 
destroyed  ;  and  the  abhorrence  with  which  he   is  commonly 
spoken  of,  indicates  as  much  as  any  fact  within  our  knowledge, 
the  consummate  tact  and  ability  with  which  the  affairs  of  those 
times  were  here  managed.     Could  we  put  the  question  to  any 
of  the  common  people  who  were  residing  here  in  days  that  are 
now  gone  by,  who  it  was  that  they   hated  most,  the  reply  we 
know  would  be,  *  the  devil ;'  but  if  we  further  asked  who  next 
to  him   they  most  execrated,  we  are  in   doubt   whether   the 
answer  would  be  '  the  Pope,'  or  *  old  Skene.'     ['B.  H.  »£.  G. 
672.     m.  E.   176.     4M.   V.  106,  note.     'M.  V.    106.     «G. 
R.  692-695.    7D.  G.     8F.  Z.  281.    9l.  A.  A.  29.     '"C.  M. 
170,  175,  176.     "C.  E.  107,  109,  119,  133,  203.     "L.  L. 
217,  note.     '3l.  178.     •♦F.  S.  31.     'SH.  601,  602.     '"J.  437, 
465,  574»  919-] 


NO.  17. 

La  Corne  Saint-Luc, 

The  Leader  of  Burgoyne's  Indians. 

Luc  de  Chapt  de  la  Corne  Saint-Luc,  or,  as  the  name  is 
usually  abbreviated.  La  Corne  St.  Luc,  is  most  always  spoken 
of,  either  as  La  Corne,  or  Saint-Luc  ;  and  he  is  the  same  person 
referred  to  by  Hadden,  as  Luke  Le  Corn.  He  belonged  to  a 
family  noted  in  the  annals  of  Canada  for  the  number  of  its 
military  members.  St.  Luc's  grandfather  was  Louis  de  la 
Corne,  Sieur  de  Chapt ;  and  his  grandmother  was  Antoinette 
Dallemaigne   de    la    Fort.     Jean-Louis   de  la    Corne,  of  the 


5i8  Appendix  No.  17. 

Diocese  of  Clermont  in  Auvergne,  St.  Luc's  father,  entered 
the  army,  and  lost  an  eye  at  the  siege  of  Gerovane.  While 
yet  a  lieutenant  he  married,  in  June,  1693,  Marie  Pecaudy, 
daughter  of  Antoine  Pecaudy  de  Contrecoeur  (a  distinguished 
captain),  by  his  wife,  Barbe  Denis,  and  crv)ssed  over  to  Canada 
where  he  soon  won  distinction.  Having  been  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  captain  and  decorated  with  the  cross  of  St.  Louis, 
St.  Luc's  father  was  successively  appointed  Town-Major  of 
Trois-Rivieres,  and  major  of  troops  at  Quebec.  In  1724,  he 
received  a  pension  of  400  livres  ;  and  two  years  later  he  was 
made  lieutenant  of  the  king  at  Montreal,  where  he  died  in 
1731.  By  his  marriage  with  Mile,  de  Contrecoeur  he  had 
several  sons  who  became  heads  of  the  families,  de  la  Corne,  de 
la  Corne  de  la  Colombiere,  de  la  Corne  du  Breuil,  and  dc  la 
Corne  St.  Luc."  Five  of  the  sons  were  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  captain,  and  four  of  them  were  decorated  with  the  cross  of 
St.  Louis.  The  most  celebrated  of  them  were  de  la  Corne, 
called  the  Chevalier,  and  de  la  Corne  St.  Luc'  The  first 
commanded  in  Acadie  and  rendered  much  service  to  the 
French  crown  during  the  war  that  ended  in  the  conquest  of 
Canada.  The  second  was  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who, 
for  a  series  of  years  during  the  French  regime  in  Canada,  was 
an  active  partisan  leader  against  the  English,  and  who,  during 
our  Revolutionary  struggle, joined  hands  with  his  former  enemies 
and  turned  all  his  energies  against  the  American  colonies. 

The  earliest  mention  we  find  of  St.  Luc's  military  career  is 

a.     If  any  one  desires  to  make  an  at-  and  the  son  of  a  Boucherville,  a  Niver- 

tempt  to  roaster   the  mystery  of  French  ville,  or  a  Montizambert ;  he  is  referred 

Canadian  surnames,  and  to  UEcertain  how  to    the    Abbe     Tanguay't    Diaionnaht 

the  son  of  a  La  Corne    could  become  a  Genealogiqit,  vol.  i,  page  xxxi. 
Colunbieie,  a  Du  Breuil,  or  a  St.  Luc ; 


Appendix  No,  17.  519 

in  1739,  in  a  report  sent  to  France  of  the  officers  serving  in 
Canada,  where  he  is  included  in  a  list  of  Enseignes  en  Second ; 
and  against  his  name  is  the  comment,  tres  capable.'  In 
January,  1746,  while  still  an  ensign,  he  was  sent  with  a  de- 
tachment of  French,  Colonists,  and  Iroquois  Indians,  to  re- 
inforce St.  Pierre,  with  whom  he  remained  till  April  of  that 
year,  making  divers  scouts  on  Lake  St.  Sacrament,  and  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Fort  St.  Frederic,  as  the  French  called  Lake 
George  and  Crown  Point. 3  In  June,  1747,  he  set  out  from 
Fort  St.  Frederic,  with  20  Frenchmen,  and  some  Indians  of 
different  nations,  about  200  in  all,  to  strike  a  blow  at  the  Eng- 
lish at  Fort  Clinton.  He  so  successfully  drew  a  portion  of  the 
garrison  into  ambush  as  to  totally  rout  them.  So  hard  pushed 
were  the  English  that  some  of  them  threw  themselves  into  the 
river  and  were  drowned  ;  and  others,  while  struggling  in  the 
water  to  make  their  escape,  were  shot  or  tomahawked.  Forty- 
one  prisoners  and  twenty-nine  scalps  were  taken.  The  number 
of  those  drowned  could  not  be  ascertained,  but  of  the  125,  or 
thereabouts,  that  made  the  sortie  from  the  fort,  only  some  15 
or  20  appear  to  have  re-entered  it.<  During  the  remainder  of 
the  war  St.  Luc  was  actively  engaged  in  scouts  and  in  ambush- 
ing convoys  and  small  parties  of  the  enemy. 

He  was  promoted  to  be  a  lieutenant  of  infantry  as  early  as 
1750  ;  how  much  earlier,  we  have  not  been  able  to  discover.* 
He  belonged  to  the  troops  of  the  Marine,  of  which,  in  1755 
certainly,  he  was  a  lieutenant ;  and  a  captain  the  same,  or  the 
following  year.  In  1755  he  was  present  at  Baron  Dieskau's 
defeat';  and  in  the  French  expedition  against  Fort  William 
Henry,  in  1757,  he  had  command  of  the  Indians  of  the  Left 
Column.     After  Col.    Monro's   surrender,  to  quote   from   the 


> 


520  Appendix  No,  17. 

French  account,  *  M.  dc  Montcalm  ordered  out  an  escort  and 
directed  M.  de  St.  Luc  de  la  Corne,  commanding  the  Indians, 
and  several  Colonial  officers  conversant  with  their  languages, 
to  accompany  the  garrison  in  order  to  protect  it  against  insult 
from  the  Indians.'  ^  Norwithstanding  the  escort  a  portion  of 
the  garrison  was  massacred  by  the  savages. 

On  the  30th  July,  1758,  St.  Luc,  with  a  detachment  of  400 
Canadians  and  Indians,  attacked  and  captured  on  the  Lydius, 
or  Fort  Edward  road,  a  convoy  of  about  150  men,  with  54 
wagons  loaded  with  provisions.  Not  being  able  to  save  the 
train  it  was  destroyed,  and  230  oxen  were  killed,  80  scalps  and 
64  prisoners — men,  women  and  children,  were  taken  ;  while 
St.  Luc  lost  but  one  Iroquois  killed,  two  others  being  slightly 
wounded.^  He  took  part  in  the  battle  on  the  Plains  of 
Abraham  Sept.  13.  1759';  and  at  the  battle  of  St.  Foy, 
April  28,  1760,  he  commanded  the  Indians,  and  was  slightly 
wounded.'" 

The  war  was  over :  Canada  had  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  English  \  and  St.  Luc,  in  recognition  of  his  services,  had 
long  since  been  created  a  Chevalier  of  the  Royal  and  Military 
Order  of  St.  Louis,  In  1761,  he  decided  to  remove  with  his 
brother,  his  children  and  nephews,  to  France.  Having  ready 
money,  some  £6000,  he  was  about  to  purchase  a  vessel  at 
Quebec  for  that  purpose,  when  the  generosity  of  General 
Murray,  the  English  commander,  made  this  unnecessary  ;  and 
the  Auguite  was  fitted  up  at  government  expense.  In  this  ill- 
starred  ship  St.  Luc  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  of  the  chief 
persons  in  the  colony,  including  his  two  sons,  his  brother,  the 
Chevalier  La  Corne,  and  two  nephews,  besides  several  ladies. 


appendix  No,  17. 


521 


officers  and  soldiers,  sailed  Oct.  17,  1761.  St.  Luc  has  left 
an  interesting  journal,  in  French,  kept  by  himself,*  of  the  ap- 
palling disaster  which  befell  the  Augmte  on  the  coast  of  Cape 
Breton.  The  captain,  five  of  the  crew,  and  St.  Luc  alone  of 
all  the  passengers,  reached  the  shore  alive.  For  more  than 
three  months  St.  Luc  journeyed  from  the  scene  of  the  wreck 
during  a  Canadian  winter,  through  foresis,  over  bays  in  a  frail 
canoe,  and  over  a  wilderness  of  snow  on  snow  shoes,  nearly 
1700  miles,  till,  finally,  his  tall  form  reduced  nearly  to  a 
skeleton,  he    arrived    at  Quebec/     The    loss  of   family    and 


b.  Journal  du  Voyage  de  M.  Saint- 
Luc  de  Li  Come,  £cr.  dans  le  Navire 
L'Au juste,  en  I'an  1761.  Second  £d, 
A  Cute  et  Cie.  (^ebec,  186}. 

c.  The  following  is  extracted  from 
Le  Moine's  Maple  Lea-ves,  New  Series, 
page  119: — "We  shall  condense  la 
Corne's  narrative  of  the  shipwreck.  The 
ihip  struck  on  the  15th  November;  U 
Come  and  his  six  surviving  companions, 
including  the  captain,  were  washed 
■shore  in  a  boat,  more  deid  than  alive ; 
the  1 6th  was  enipljyed  in  digging  graves  : 
none  of  his  children,  no.ie  of  the  ladies 
had  been  saved  ;  the  young,  the  fair,  the 
highborn  strewing  in  hideous  confusion 
a  rock-bound  cojst  amidst  fragments  of 
the  wreck, — in  all  one  hundred  and 
fourteen  corpses.  Such  were  the  dismal 
objects  which  met  the  gaze  of  la  Corne 
•nd  of  his  fellow-sufferers  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  1 6th  November.  Amidst  the 
roar  of  the  sea  and  of  the  tempest,  the 
last  rites  were  performed  by  the  sor- 
rowing parent,  and  on  the  17th,  with  a 
feeling  common  to  all  they  hurried  from 
a  spot  in  which  everything  reminded 
them  of  death,  ^plurima  mortis  imaf^o,'' 
and  took  to  the  woods,  not  knowing 
where  they  were;  on  the  17th  a  snow 
storm  added  to  their  misery ;  three  of 
the  party  here  gave  out  through  fatigue, 

66 


but  la  Corne,  who  all  along  appears  ai 
the  leading  spirit,  urged  them  on,  and 
with  succeis  ;  on  the  2;th,  his  Journal 
mentions,  as  a  godsend,  the  discovery 
of  some  deserted  huts  ; — in  them,  they 
found  two  dead  men;  on  the  26th  two 
more  of  the  party  gave  out,  and  were  re- 
luctantly left  behind  with  gome  provii - 
ioni  Twelve  inches  of  snow  had  fallen 
that  day. 

"  On  the  3rd  December,  after  a 
tedious  tramp  through  the  forest,  not 
knowing  where  they  were,  they  struck 
on  the  sea  coast  and  discovered  an  old 
boat,  unseaworthy  ;  the  captain  of  the 
Au^uue  set  to  work  to  caulk  her,  and 
matters  seemed  likely  to  assume  a  more 
hopeful  aspect,  when  a  fresh  snow-storm 
nearly  caused  the  destruction  of  the 
wh'jle  party.  'Our  provisions  running 
short,'  adds  la  Corne,  '  we  h  ad  to  live  on 
wild  berries  and  sea  weed.  On  the  4th, 
thestorm  having  abated,  we  found  our  boat 
imbeded  in  the  snow,  but  when  we  came 
to  launch  her,  our  captain,  who  until 
then  had  held  out,  declared  he  could  go 
no  further  on  account  of  the  pains  and 
ulcers  he  labored  under ;  the  three 
others  mostly  as  bad, sided  with  him,  and 
being  alone,  I  was  compelled,  although 
suffering  much  less,  to  remain  with 
them.  I  did  not  like  to  desert  tbem,  and 
we    trusted    to    Providence,    when   two 


522 


Appendix  No,  17. 


friends  seems  to  have  entirely  changed  his  plans.  He  bade 
adieu  to  all  thought  of  la  belle  France,,  and  remained  in 
Canada,  a  British  subject.  He  does  not  seem  to  have  at  once 
settled  down  to  his  new  allegiance,  for  Lieut-Governor  Colden 
of  New  York,  wrote  to  the  Lords  of  Trade,  Dec.  19,  1763, 
as  follows  : — "  The  Indians,  as  I  am  inform'd,  affirm  that  they 
were  at  first  incited  to  this  Conspiracy  by  some  of  the  Principal 
Men  in  Canada,  whom  they  have  named  ;  with  others,  the 
Vicar  General  &  St.  Luke  le  Corn,  the  last  is  now  in 
Canada."  " 

St.  Luc    was  one  of  the  first   Legislative  Councillors   ap- 


Indians  made  their  appearance.  Our 
men  hailed  them  with  loud  cries  and 
lamentations  j  in  which  I  could  catch 
the  words  '  have  mercy  on  us.*  I  was 
then  smoking,  a  quiet  spectator  of  this 
lorrowt'ul  scene.  Our  men  mentioned 
my  name,  and  the  Indians  greeted 
me  warmly.  I  hiid  on  several  occasions 
rendered  service  to  these  tribes.  I 
learned  that  we  wfre  ninety  miles  from 
Louisbourg  (Cap  Breton).  They  told  me 
they  were  ready  to  conduct  me  to  St. 
Pierre.  I  had  our  men  crossed  over  a 
river  which  was  there,  and  I  left  with 
the  InJians,  for  their  wigwam  about  thrcr 
leagues  distant  I'hry  gave  me  dried 
meat,  and  on  the  5tb,  I  returned  to  my 
friends.' 

•'Thence,  we  follow  the  hardy  adven- 
turer to  Saint  Pierre,  to  Labrador  Bay, 
and  finally  we  find  him,  in  spite  of  all 
remonstrance,  starting  in  a  birch  canoe, 
in  that  inclement  season,  with  two 
young  men  whom  he  had  tempted  to 
this  fool-hatdy  enterprise,  by  oficring 
theiTi  twenty- five  louis  d'or  ;  they  after- 
wards landed  at  Cheda-Buuctju,  and 
afver  encountering  great  privation,  fatigue, 
and  divers  perilous  adventures,  he  ar- 
rived at  Fort  Cumberland,  formerly  Fort 
Beausejour,   when   after  a  sLort     mx  he 


continued  his  journey  on  foot,  having 
worn  out  his  strength  and  his  tnow 
shoes.  The  Temiscouata  portage  brought 
him  subsequently  to  the  lower  parishes, 
then  to  Kamouraska  ;  and  the  night  he 
spei.t  at  the  Manor  of  Saint  JeanPort- 
Joly  is  graphically  described  in  the  Cana- 
dians of  Old  "  [by  M .  de  Gaspe].  "  He 
arrived  at  Quebec,  on  the  23rd  Feburary, 
laid  an  account  of  his  shipwreck  before 
General  Murray,  and  led  for  Montreal 
to  sec  General  Gage.  This  iron-framed 
man  closes  his  Journal  by  stating  that 
the  fatigues,  dangers  and  starvation  he 
was  exposed  to,  were  very  great — that  th^ 
circuitous  road  he  followed  led  him  to 
believe  he  must  have  walked  at  least 
1650  miles  in  the  severest  season  in  the 
year,  and  unprovided  with  any  succour. 
*  I  used  to  see  my  guides  and  com- 
panions, the  Indians  and  Acadians, 
giving  out  after  eight  day's  marching, 
and  often,  less.  During  all  this  time,  I 
enjoyed  excellent  health,  had  no  dread 
of  the  consequences,  and  fortunately 
withstood  this  excessive  fatigue ;  had  I 
had  guides  as  vigorous  as  myself,  !  would 
have  laved  one  hundred  and  thirty 
pounds  which  it  cost  me,  and  I  would 
have  arrived  earlier.* " 


Appendix  JSfo,  17.  523 


pointed  after  the  passage  of  the  Quebec  Act,  in  1774,  and  he 
was  a  strong  stickler  for  the  old  Canadian  forms  of  govern- 
ment." In  the  fall  of  1775  the  governor  and  Legislative 
Council  of  Quebec  were  assembled,  but,  after  several  meetings, 
were  not  able  to  agree  upon  any  ordinances.  "  Monsieur  St. 
Luc  La  Corne  and  others  of  the  Councillors  would  not  hear 
of  juries,  but  insisted  on  following  the  letter  of  the  Quebec 
Act.  The  Governor  suddenly  broke  up  the  Council  and  re- 
turned to  Montre?.l.'3" 

When  hostilities  between  Great  Britain  and   her  American 
colonies  began,  St.   Luc  at  once  efspoused    the  cause  of  the 
crown;  and   as  early  as   May,    1775,   immediately  after  the 
Americans  captured  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  we  find 
him  sending  presents  to  the  savage  tribes  of  the  north  and  in- 
citing them  to    take  up  arms  against  the  colonies.'*     A   few 
months  later,  when  Montgomery  appeared  to  be  sweeping  all 
before  him  in  his  Canadian  invasion,  and  it  seemed  as  if  Mont- 
real was  about  to  fall  into  his  hands,  the  wily  and  politic  St. 
Luc  dispatched  an  Indian  embassy  with  his  submission  to  the 
American  general.     Befjre  its  return,  however,  the  aspect  of 
affairs   had    changed.       Ethan    Allen's    ill-judged    attack    on 
Montreal  had  failed,  and  a  number  of  the   inhabitants  of  the 
surrounding  country  had  flocked  to  the  city  and  put  themselves 
under  Gen.  Carleton  to  aid  in  repelling  the  invaders  ;  hence 
matters  looked  much  less  desperate  than  a  little  earlier.     At  this 
juncture  assurances  arrived  from   Montgomery  that  St.  Luc's 
submission   was  accepted,   and    protection  was  guaranteed   to 
him.      Here  was  a  dilemma.     A    icvr   short  days  before,    he 
had  deserted  one  side  ;  now,  he  found  it  convenient  to  renounce 
his  submission  to  the  other.     Accordingly,  Montgomery's  letter 


524  Appendix  No.  17. 

was  treated  with  contempt  and  consigned  to  the  flames. 
Though  this  double  dealing  cost  St.  Luc  the  confidence  of  the 
people,  yet  Gen.  Carleton  was  wise  enough  to  preserve  silence, 
and  to  extend  to  him  the  same  apparent  measure  of  confidence 
as  before. '5 

St.  Luc  was  with  the  party  that  captured  Ethan  Allen  ;  and 
likewise  with  Gen.  Carleton,  when  repulsed  by  Col.  Seth  War- 
ner, at  Longueil.'^      Montreal   finally   surrendered   November 
I2th,  1775,  but  Gen.  Montgomery  refused  to  include  St.  Luc  in 
the  capitulation  on  account  of  his  previous  breach  of  faith.*? 
A    week    later  St.    Luc    was    captured    on    Gen.    Prescott's 
flotilla  with  the  fleeing  British  troops  ;  and  again  Montgomery 
visited  St.   Luc's  faithlessness  upon    him  by    sending  him  to 
Boucherville,  without  permitting  him  to  land  at  Montreal  with 
his  fellow  prisoners.'^     Early  in  December,  owing  to  suspicions 
that  he,  with  others,  was  plotting  the  destruction  of  the  Amer- 
ican garrison    at  Montreal,  his  house  and    papers  at    Bouch- 
erville   were    examined,    and    he    himself    was    arrested    and 
taken  thence,  first  to  La    Prairie,  and    then   to    Cognewaga. 
The  information  which  excited  the  suspicions  proving  false,  a 
few  days  subsequently,  St.    Luc,  who  was  ill,  was  ordered  to 
take  up  his  former  quarters  at  Boucherville.'^ 

St.  Luc's  presence  in  Canada  excited  the  distrust  and  sus- 
picion of  the  Indians  that  inclined  to  the  American  cause,  and 
under  date  of  February  27,  1776,  Stephen  Moylan,  one  of  Wash- 
ington's staff,  wrote  from  Cambridge  to  Gen.  Wooster,^as  fol- 
lows :  —  "  I  have  it  in  command  from  his  Excellency  General 
Washington  to  acquaint  you  that  the  Indians,  who  were  lately 
here   from  Canada,  are  very  much  dissatisfied    that    Mr.    St. 


Appendix  No,  17.  525 

Luke  La  Come  is  suffered  to  be  at  liberty  ;  he  is,  by  all  ac- 
counts, a  dangerous  person,  therefore  think  it  will  be  better  for 
our  own  safety,  and  to  quiet  the  minds  of  the  Indians,  to  have 
that  gentleman  sent  out  of  that  Province.  Your  compliance 
herewith  will  be  pleasing  to  his  Excellency,  and  he  is  strongly 
of  opinion  will  be  of  very  great  service  to  the  American 
cause. ""^  Nine  days  before  the  date  of  this  letter,  however, 
Gen.  Wooster  had  sent  St.  Luc  to  Gen.  Schuyler,  at  Albany, 
who  ordered  him  to  Esopus,  in  Ulster  County,  New  York  ; 
and  he  was  detained  as  a  prisoner  for  more  than  a  year." 

He  finally  returned  to  Canada  the  latter  part  of  May,  I777**» 
with  his  apparent  natural  enmity  to  the  American  colonies 
stimulated  by  his  treatment  in  captivity,  for  when  the  British 
ministry  were  enlisting  the  Indians  in  their  behalf,  he  was  a 
willing  and  a  powerful  instrument  in  that  barbarous  undertaking. 
This  is  clearly  shown  by  the  following  letter  from  Major- 
General  William  Tryon,  late  governor  of  North  Carolina,  and 
New  York,  to  Lord  George  Germaine,  which  is  printed  as 
nearly  as  possible  just  as  it  was  written,  without  change 
cither  in  the  French  or  the  Enjilish  of  its  author. 


o 


"New  York,  9  April,  '777- 

"  PHVATB, 

"  My  Lord, 

'*  I  have  had  many  conversations  with  Mons.  La  Corne  St. 
Luc,  lately  exchanged  (released)  from  his  Captivity  with  the 
Rebels.  We  agree  perfectly  in  sentiments  respecting  the 
propriety  &  importance  of  employing  the  Indians.  He  is 
anxious  to  take  the  command  of  as  many  Canadians  &  Indians, 
as  S''  Guy  Carleton  will  entrust  him  with  &  will  pledge  his 


526  appendix  No,  17. 

life  &  honor  that  he  will  raise  them  &  be  in  the  environs  of 
Albany  in  sixty  days  after  he  lands  at  Quebec,  for  which  Port 
he  sails   with  other   Canadian   Gentlemen  the   first  fair  wind. 
His  expressions  were   emphatical.     '  II  faut,  dit  il,  lacher  les 
sauvages  sur  les  frontieres  de   ces  Canals,  pour   imposer    des 
terreurs,  et  pour  les  faire  soumetre,  au  pied  de  la  Throne  de  sa 
Majeste  Britannic.     II  faut  absolument  mettre  tous  dehors,  pour 
finir  la  Guerre  cet  £te.     Les  Rebels  commence  a  se  guerrier, 
et  si  la  guerre  continue  plus  long  terns  que  cett'annee,  il  sera  tres 
facheuse  pour  toute  L'Empire.     Pour  soi-meme  il  m'a  assure, 
qu'il  ne  voudroit  jamais^  jamais^  (jusqu'a  ce  que  son  ame  Bat 
dans  son  Corps,  et  le  Sang  coule  dans  ses  Veines,)  oublier  les 
injures,  et  les  Insults  qu'il  a  recue  de  ces  gueux  "*— These  were 
his  expressions ;  and  though  in  the  sixty  sixth  year  of  his  age 
is  in  the  vigour  of  health  &  animal  spirits. 

"  A  Pension  or  Salary  of  500  pr  ann.  with  some  Distinction 
among  the  savages  to  La  Come  St.  Luc  would  I  am  persuaded 
be  productive  of  the  best  consequences  to  Govt  at  this  Period- 
s'. W""  Johnson  was  not  an  abler  Partizan  than  St.  Luc  for 
Indian  services. 

"  I  am  respectfully 

"  Your  Lordship's  faithfull  &  ob""  hum'"  Ser't 

"  Wm.  Tryon 

"  Ld.  Geo.  Germain. 

"received  8  May,  1777.""' 

d.     It    is    necessary,   he    said,    to    let  longer  than    this  year,  it    would  be    very 

loose   the   savages    upon  the   frontiers  of  damaging  to  the    whole   kingdom.      For 

these  rascals  to  terrify  them  and  to  make  himself,    he    assured  me    that,    as    long 

them  throw  themselves  a^  the  foot  of  his  as    his  heart    beat  in  his  body    and    the 

Britannic     Majesty's    throne.      It     was  blood  flowed  in  his  veins,  he  could  never, 

absolutely   necessary  to  do  ihis.  in  order  never  forget   the  injuries,  and  the  insultl 

to    finish    the  war    this    summer.     The  that  he  had  received  from    these  beggars. 
Rebels   began  the  war,  and  if  it  lasted 


Appendix  No.  17, 


527 


Gov,  Tryon,  in  writing  from  New  York  to  Secretary  Knox, 
under  date  of  April  2ist,  1777,  again  alludes  to  St.  Luc,  and 
in  terms  even  more  forcible  than  before.  He  writes — "  I  am 
exactly  of  opinion  with  Colonel  La  [Corne]  St.  Luc,  who 
says  j  II  faut  lacher  les  sauvages  contre  les  miserables  Rebels, 
pour  imposer  de  terreur  sur  les  frontiers ;  II  dit  de  plus  (mais 
un  peu  trop  pour  moi)  '  qu'il  faut  brutalizer"  les  affaires,'   as- 


e.  The  brutalizing  process  referred  to 
in  the  text  would  seem  to  have  been 
carried  out,  if  the  following  extact  from 
a  letter  found  in  the  London  Chronicle 
for  Oct.  7-9.  1777,  vol.  42,  p.  346, 
written  by  an  officer  in  St.  Clair's  army 
at  Saratoga,  dated  July  12th,  1777,  and 
said  to  have  been  printed  in  the  Pro-vi- 
dence  Gazette  for  July  20th  of  that  year, 
is  worthy  of  credence. 

"You  will,"  says  the  letter,  "no 
doubt  have  heard  of  our  retreat  from  Ti- 
conderoga  before  this  reaches  you;  but  the 
horrid  barbarity  of  o»r  cruel  enemies  in 
the  pursuit  is  what  you  can  have  no  idea 
of.  To  give  you  one  instan  :  of  it  will 
be  sufficient  to  make  your  humanity 
shudder,  though  that  only  respects  a 
French  officer. 

"  This  poor  gentleman,  who  was  an 
engineer  that  had  lately  come  up  from 
Boston,  being  a  stranger  to  the  country, 
and  not  able  to  speak  English,  or  to  un- 
derstand it,  lost  his  way,  and  got  separa- 
ted from  the  party  he  came  oft  with. 
Two  of  that  grand  villain  St.  Luc  la 
Corne's  hell-hounds,  the  Canada  savages, 
soon  fell  in  with  him,  and  finding  him 
to  be  a  Frenchman,  carried  him  back  in 
triumph  to  their  leader.  La  Corne  at 
first  pretended  to  take  him  out  of  their 
hands  ;  but  upon  the  Indians  claiming 
him  as  their  prisoner,  and  insisting,  that 
as  he  was  a  Frenchman,  and  had  nothing 
to  do  with  the  quarrel  among  the  En- 
glish, they  would  not  exchange  him,  or 
sell  him,  but  make  him  a  day's  sport  for 
all    the    Indians.     He     gave    him    up, 


and  accordingly  they  carried  the  poor 
gentleman  to  their  camp,  and  stripping 
him  naked,  tied  him  to  a  tree,  and  made 
a  great  fire  near  him  :  they  then  took 
pieces  of  the  pitch  pine,  and  making  in- 
cisions in  his  flesh  with  the  points  of 
their  scalping  knives,  stuck  them  in, 
so  that  his  body  looked  like  a  larded 
fowl,  and  setting  them  on  fire,  the  boil- 
ing rosin  ran  down  as  they  burned,  into 
the  wounds.  The  anguish  of  the  pain 
the  poor  gentleman  suffered  cannot  be 
described  ;  and  to  prevent  the  English 
soldiers  from  being  shocked  by  his  cries, 
these  children  of  Satan  kept  dancing  and 
whooping  round  him  while  the  pine 
splinters  were  burning  :  when  that  was 
over,  they  intended  cutting  off  his  burned 
flesh  with  red  hot  knives,  and  had  put 
the  blades  of  several  in  the  fire  for  that 
purpose  ;  but  happily  for  the  poor  victim 
an  English  officer  who  came  past  took 
compassion  of  him,  and  snatching  an 
Indian's  gun,  ran  up  to  the  tree,  and  shot 
him  through  the  head.  The  Indians 
were  greatly  vexed  to  be  thus  cut  short 
of  their  sport,  and  flying  upon  the  dead 
body,  like  so  many  ravenous  beasts,  tore 
out  the  heart,  and  cutting  it  into  as  nr'M  ^ 
pieces  as  there  were  chiefs  present.  y 
presented  a  piece  to  each,  which  ..ey 
immediately  devoured. 

"  The  mangled  carcase  was  then  taken 
from  the  tree,  and  thrown  into  the  fire, 
where  it  was  presently  consumed." 

The  genuineness  of  this  letter  is 
questioned,  as  it  is  not  to  be  found  in  the 
Providence    Gaxette^   whence  it  purports 


528 


Appendix  No.  17, 


surement,  il  est  bien  enragee  de  la  mauvais  traitement,  qu'il  a 
re^u  de  les  avengles  peuples-^ — but  not  to  blunder  longer  on  in 
a  language  I  know  imperfectly,  I  shall  express  his  other  senti- 
ments in  the  English  dialect.  He  assured  nie  that  upon  the 
opening  of  the  first  assembly  with  the  Savages  in  Canada,  his 
feelings  would  be  so  poignant  at  their  first  interview,  as  would 
impose  a  perfect  silence  upon  him,  while  tears  would  run 
down  his  cheeks  ;  &  that  when  he  should  be  able  to  expatiate 
on  the  indignities  and  injuries  he  had  experienced,  they  would 
instantly  take  up  the  hatchet,  and  resent  his  affronts.  So  re- 
ciprocal is  the  affection  between  the  Father  and  his  Children, 
for  such  they  style  each  other  respectively,  and  by  whom  he  is 
as  much  cherished,  as  was  Sir  Wm.  Johnson  by  the  Indians  of 
the  Six  Nations."** 

Those  letters   referred   to  the  man,  who  afterwards   became 
the  leader  of  Burgoyne's  Indians.     When  Jane  McCrea  was 


to  have  been  taken.  Dr.  Benjamin 
Franklin  wrote  a  number  of  fictitious 
letters  tor  efFect,  and  of  such  plausibility 
that  they  were  well  calculated  to  deceive. 
As  he  was  at  this  time  the  Amer- 
ican minister  at  the  French  Court  and 
was  anxious  to  enlist  the  aid  of  the 
French  monarchy  in  behalf  of  the 
American  Colonies,  it  is  believed  that 
this  letter  was  written  and  caused  to  be 
printed  in  the  English  papers,  for  its  double 
efFect  upon  the  British  Whigs  and  the 
French  Government.  Whether  this 
letter  is  genuine  or  not,  howt  :r,  it  is 
hardly    an    exaggeration,     for  letter, 

about  the  authenticity  of  which  there  is 
no  question,  written  by  an  officer  at  the 
American  headquarters  at  Moses' 
Creek,  six  miles  from  Fort  Edward, 
under  date  of  July  a8,  1777,  and  printed 
in  the  Ft  -vidence  Ga%ette  for  August 
1 6th,  of  that  year,  gays  :— "  The  savages 


have  lately  acquitted  themselves  quite  in 
character.  A  couple  of  ladies  who  chose 
to  remain  behind  the  army  and  enjoy 
Burgoyne's  proffered  protection,  have 
been  scalped  and  mangled  in  a  shock- 
ing manner.  They  make  nothing  of 
ripping  out  a  man's  heart,  cutting  off 
hands,"  etc.,  etc. 

It  may  be  that  this  latter  letter 
suggested  the  former,  which  may  be  the 
reason  why  it  was  attributed  to  the 
Pro'vidence  Gazette. 

f.  It  is  necessary  to  let  loose  the 
savages  against  the  miserable  Rebels  to 
impose  terror  upon  the  fioniiers ;  he 
further  said  (but  a  little  strongly  fur  me) 
that  it  was  necessary  to  brutalize 
matters: — assuredly  he  is  much  enraged 
at  the  ill  treatment  he  received  from 
these  misguided  people. 


appendix  No.  i^j .  529 

massacred,  and  Burgoyne,  in  his  indignation,  demanded  that 
the  murderer  should  be  given  up  to  punishment,  it  was  St,  Luc 
who  reminded  him  of  the  consequences,  and  thus  secured  im- 
munity for  his  brutal  followers. '^  He  seems  early  to  have 
become  a  thorn  in  Burgoyne':;  side,"  for  the  British  general  ac- 
cused him  of  deserting  with  his  savages,  at  the  critical  moment 
at  Bennington,  and,  from  the  floor  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
denounced  him  as  a  runaway  and  a  fugitive.  St.  Luc,  on  his 
part,  cordially  reciprocated  Burgoyne's  dislike.  When  in 
England,  in  1778,  he  freely  expressed  to  the  ministers  his 
opinion  of  the  discomHted  general.  Burgoyne  was  a  fine 
officer  with  the  regulars,  said  St.  Luc,  but  he  did  not  seem  to 
like  the  savages,  nor  did  he  take  the  proper  steps  to  retain  their 
good  will:  he  was  * ««  brave  homme,  mats  lourd  comme  un 
Alletnand^ — a  brave  man  but  as  heavy  as  a  German.'^ 

After  his  return  to  Canada,  St.  Luc  addressed  a  letter  to 
Burgoyne  in  reply  to  some  of  the  denunciations  heaped  upon 
him  by  the  latter.  This  letter  sheds  so  much  light  upon  the 
characters  of  both  St.  Luc  and  Burgoyne  that  it  is  given  in 
full,  and  is  as  follows  : — 

"Quebec,  Oct.  23,  1778. 

'*  Sir  :  1  do  not  know  whether  this  letter  will  reach  you  ; 
but,  if  it  should,  it  is  to  inform  you  that  I  am  surprised  at  your 
forgetfulness    respecting    myself,  as  well  as  towards  my  com- 

g.     Burgoyne    in   a    private    letter    to  gentleman  of  honour  and  parts,  and  one 

Lord    George    Germaine,    dated  Skenei-  of  the   best    partizans   the    French    had 

borough,  July  ii,    1777,  thus  speaks  of  last  war,  and  of  one  Langlade,   the   very 

St.Luc,  when  referring  to  the  Indians  com-  man   who    projected    and  executed   with 

posing    a    part   of   his    army.     "They"  these  veiy    nations  the  defeat  of  General 

(the  Indians)  he  writes,  ''are  under  the  Braddock."     [B.  N.  App.  ai.] 
directions  of  a   M.St.    Luc,   a   Canadian 

67 


^30  Appendix  No,  17. 

panions  the  Canadians  and  the  Indians.  I  cannot  think  what 
could  be  your  motive,  unless  it  was  to  sink  into  obscurity  my 
reputation  along  with  your  own,  in  which  you  will  never 
succeed.  I  was  known  long  before  you  was  in  the  train, 
which  has  given  you  the  occasion  to  lose  one  of  the  finest 
armies  that  my  country  had  ever  seen. 

"  You  say.  Sir,  that  I  was  unqualified  to  give  you  any  in- 
formation ;  I  am  more  than  pleased  that  you  have  told  the 
public  that  you  never  asked  my  opinion.  Permit  me,  Sir, 
however,  to  inform  you,  that  I  have  served  under  general 
Officers  who  have  honoured  me  with  their  confidence  ;  men 
who  had  a  just  right  to  that  name,  who  sustained  their  dignity, 
and  were  distinguished  for  their  talents. 

'*  You  accuse  me  also  of  quitting  your  army  ;  you  will 
permit  me.  Sir,  to  say,  that  those  who  left  it,  as  well  as  my- 
self, had  no  more  fear  of  the  danger  of  carrying  arms  than 
yourself.  Fifty  years  of  service  will  clear  me  from  such 
suspicions  ;  but  you  know  better  the  person  that  made  me 
quit  the  army,  which  was  yourself. 

"The  1 6th,  the  day  of  the  action  at  Bennington,  you  sent 
orders  by  Major  Campbell  to  hold  myself  ready  to  march  the 
17th,  in  the  morning,  with  the  corps  of  Canadians  and  Indians, 
which  was  to  precede  the  brigade  of  General  Frazer,  to  take 
post  at  Still-water ;  but  the  same  morning,  at  four  o'clock,  M. 
de  Lanaudiere  informed  you  of  the  defeat  of  the  detachment 
under  Lieutenant-colonel  Beaume  and  that  of  Lieutenant- 
colonel  Breyman,  which  marched  to  sustain  it.  He  informed 
you  that  these  two  corps  had  lost  at  least  700  men  i  you  gave 
little  credit  to  this  report,  and  you  said  to  me  that  the  loss  was 


Appendix  No,  17.  531 

not  150  ;  nevertheless  the  real  loss  justified  the  first  report. 
You  then,  Sir,  gave  counter-orders  to  the  whole  army  which 
was  to  march  that  day,  and  the  next  day  ordered  us  to  pass  the 
North-river  with  the  brigade  of  General  Frazer,  to  encamp  at 
Batin-guild.  The  Indians  astonished,  and  unaccustomed  to 
your  grand  manoeuvres,  having  observed  that  you  detached  no 
corps  to  collect  the  remains  of  the  two  scattered  detachments 
at  Bennington,  and  to  succour  those  that  were  wounded,  and 
in  part  perishing  ;  some  of  the  former  of  whom  I  saw  enter 
your  camp  five  days  after.  This  conduct.  Sir,  gave  no  high 
idea  of  the  care  which  you  should  have  taken  of  the  men 
destined  to  fight  under  your  command.  This  indifference 
towards  the  Indians  also,  who  had  served  in  the  affair  at  Ben- 
nington, who  amounted  to  150,  disgusted  them  ;  many  of 
whom,  with  their  grand  Chief,  were  killed,  and  of  61  Canadians 
only  41  remained. 

*'  Recollect  yourself.  Sir,  what  was  said  in  the  Council, 
when  you  represented  our  loss  as  trifling,  that  you  should  not 
impose  on  yourself  in  that  matter.  I  told  you  on. the  part  of 
the  Indians  that  their  merits  were  great  :  I  was  your  interpre- 
ter. They  said  many  things  which  it  is  useless  to  repeat; 
among  others  that  they  would  demand  to  speak  to  you  in  very 
absolute  terms,  from  which  I  told  you  the  consequences  that 
would  result  from  it.  In  fine,  Sir,  they  were  so  greatly  dis- 
satisfied, that  they  immediately  departed,  notwithstanding  you 
refused  to  furnish  them  with  provisions,  shoes,  or  an  inter- 
preter.    Two  days  after  this  you  saw  your  error. 

**  Brigadier  Frazer  had  foreseen  what  would  he  the  result  of 
your   behaviour   towards  them.     At  length    you  sent  for  me, 


532  Appendix  No,  17. 

and  I  had  the  honour  to  meet  you  in  the  Brigadier's  tent,  when 
you    requested  me  to    return  to  Canada  with    dispatches  with 
which    you     charged     me,    to    engage     his    Excellency    Gen. 
Carleton  to  treat  the   Indians  well,  and   to  send    them    back  ; 
this  I  did,  and  should   have  returned   to  the  army,  if  the  com- 
munication had  not  been   totally  shut  up.     After  this  of  what 
service  coald  I  be  ?     I,  whom  you  represent  as  unqualified  for 
any  office,  and  only  one  among  the  departed   Savages.     Alas  ! 
Sir,    having  ceased    to  be  a  General,    do    not    cease    to  be    a 
Gentleman  ;  I  am  the   same  with  you  ;  you  have  the  title  of 
General  ;  and    though  I  may   not   be  endowed   with  the  same 
talents   with   yourself,   yet,  being   made  of  the  same  stuflF,    I 
have  a  right  to  be  treated  like  a  Gentleman. 

«'  As  to  the  rest.  Sir,  I  am  ready  to  cross  the  sea,  though  at 
an  advanced  age,  to  justify  myself  before  the  tting  my  Master, 
and  my  country,  from  all  the  falsities  which  have  been  laid  to 
my    charge  ;  it    is    very    indifferent    to    me    what    you    think 

of  me.  , 

"  I  am,  Sir,  your  very  humble  servant, 
•  "La  Corne  St.  Luc. 

*' To  General  Burgoyne."" 

Burgoyne  was  not  the  only  British  general  whose  distrust 
St.  Luc  excited,  as  the  following  letter  from  Gen.  Haldimand 
to  Lord  George  Germaine,  plainly  indicates. 

"  Quebec  13/A  Sept.,  1779. 
»'  My  Lord  :  I  think  it  necessary  to  inform  your  Lordship 
of  certain   difficulties  which  have  arisen  respecting  the  com- 
mand of  officers  appointed  by  his   Majesty  to  superintend  and 


Appendix  No,  17.  533 

direct  the  operations  of  the  several  savage  nations,  who  are  in 
or  near  the  Province.  I  shall  without  reserve  communicate  to 
your  Lordship  my  opinion  of  the  matter  and  request  to  have 
His  Majesty's  order  upon  the  subject  as  soon  as  convenient. 

"  In  the  month  of  January  Monsieur  St.  Luc  waited  upon  me 
and    claimed  as  his   undoubted    right,  in  consequence  of   the 
Kings's  Commission,  to  be  declared  in  the  Public  Order  of  the 
Army  a  Colonel,  expecting  by  that  to  have  Rank  and  receive 
Pay   accordingly.     I  pointed   out  to  him  that  his   request  was 
unprecedented  and  that  his  commission  would  only  be  declared, 
when  a  large  Body  of  Savages  were  in  the  Field,  and  he  placed 
to  command  them,  and  also  that  I  was  convinced  such  were 
His  Majesty's  Instructions.     However  as  Monsieur   St.   Luc 
persevered  in  his  claim,  I  thought  it  my  duty  positively  to  refuse 
him,  upon  which  he  advertized  his  horses  and  effects  for  sale 
not  that  I  believe  he  either  had,  or  has  any  Intentions  of  quit- 
ting the  Province.     I  have  no  reason  to  complain  of  any  other 
part  of  Mons.  St.   Luc's  conduct,  but    when   I    consider  the 
time  of  his  claiming  his   Rank  and  compare  some  part  of  his 
conversation  with  Mons.  D'Estaing's  Proclamation,  considering 
at  the  same  time  his  former  attachment  to  the  French  Govern- 
ment I  cannot  suppose  him  so  thoroughly  changed  as  to  author- 
ize the  King's  Governor  to  entrust  him  with  the  Superintend- 
ence of  Savages,  amongst  whom  artful  men  may  for  a  long 
time  carry  on  dangerous  Intrigues  undiscovered — much  less  can 
I  suppose  it  was  His   Majesty's  intention  to  allow  him  a  High 
Rank  in  the  Line."'^ 

After  peace  was  proclaimed  St.  Luc,  who  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  of  Canada,  seems  to  have  taken  an  active 


53+  Appendix  No,  17. 

part  in  the  political  issues  of  the  day.  At  that  time  two  oppo* 
site  views  divided  the  Canadians  on  a  vital  question,  each  hav- 
ing many  earnest  supporters,  so  that  petiti£>:is  to  the  king  were 
strongly  pressed  on  both  sides.  One  party  demanded  the 
habeas  corpus,  legislative  assemblies,  and,  generally,  all  the 
rights,  privileges,  and  immunities  belonging  to  Britons  all  over 
the  world.  The  other  party  was  suspicious  of  the  proposed  in- 
novations and  favored  the  retention  of  the  Quebec  Act  of 
1774.  St.  Luc  belonged  to  the  latter,  and,  in  1784,  during  this 
agitation,  he  moved  in  the  Legislative  Council  (members  of 
which  were  appointed  for  life)  that  an  address  should  be  pre- 
sented to  the  king,  thanking  his  majesty  for  the  protection  of 
Canada  during  the  American  Revolutionary  War,  and  praying 
that  he  would  maintain  intact  the  government  of  1774  After 
a  long  discussion  St.  Luc's  address  was  adopted  by  a  majority 
of  about  two-thirds,  the  number  of  votes  being  I'j.'^ 

St.  Luc  was  buried  at  Montreal,  Oct.  4,  1784,  aged  72  years. 
The  Parish  Registers,  from  which  we  glean  this  information, 
give  rhe  date  of  sepulture,  and  not  of  death,  and  the  date  of 
baptism,  but  not  of  birth.  Sepulture  succeeded  death  but 
two  or  three  days ;  and  the  regulations  of  the  Bishop  of 
Quebec,  established  prior  to  1703,  provided  that  parents  should 
cause  their  children  to  be  baptized  within  three  days  of  birth, 
or  four,  at  latest,  under  peril  of  excommunication.*  *• 

k.     There  ii  lome  confusion  u  to  the  firit  wife  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 

date    of  St.    Luc's    birth.     The    Abbi  If  La  Corne  St.  Luc  was  born   in    1703, 

Tanguay,    in    his    Diclionnairt    Gtnealo-  he   would    have    been    74    years   old    in 

gifut,  vol.  I,  p.    167,  gives  the  birth  of  1777,   whereas  Guv.    Tryon  represented 

Louis-Luc,  a  son  of   Jean-Louis  de  la  him  to  be  in  his  66th  year,  and  "in  the 

Corne,  as  'jne  6,  1703,  but  no  mention  vigour   of  health    and    animal   spirits." 

h  made  of  any    other  sun    named    Luc.  The  record  of  the  sepulture  of  M'r  Luc 

He    also    says    that   Louis-Luc    married  it    Chap  dt    Lacarnt,     Colonel,     Citva- 

Maric-Annc  Hervieux,  the  name  of  the  liir,  ttc,  Conutller   du  Roi,  &c.,   under 


Appendix  No,  I'j.  535 

St.  Luc  was  married  three  times ;  first,  at  Montreal,  Dec. 
10,  1742,  to  Marie  Anne  Hervieux ;  second,  at  Montreal, 
Sept.  3,  1757,  to  Marie  Josephe  Guillemin,  widow  of  Le 
Gardeur  de  St.  Pierre  ;  and  third,  to  Marie  Anne  Marguerite 
Boucher  de  Boucherville,  daughter  of  Pierre,  the  third  Seig- 
neur de  Boucherville,  and  sister  of  Rene  Amable,  the  fourth 
Seigneur  de  Boucherville,  who  is  sketched  elsewhere  in  this 
volume.  His  last  wife  survived  him.  He  left  several  children  ; 
one  of  whom,  Elizabeth,  was  married  to  Charles  Louis  Tarieu 
de  Lanaudiere,  who  is  sketched  elsewhere  in  this  volume ; 
another,  Marie  Anne,  to  Major,  afterwards  Lieut.-Col.  John 
Campbell,  Superintendent  of  Indians  in  Canada  ;  another, 
Marie  Louise,  to  George  Dupre  St.  George ;  and  still  another, 
Marie  Marguerite,  to  Major  John  Lennox,  a  son  of  Lord 
Alexander  Lennox.3' 

The  character  of  St.  Luc  was  by  no  means  an  enviable  one, 
at  least  from  an  American  standpoint.  Gen.  Montgomery  in 
writing  to  Gen.  Schuyler  from  camp  near  St.  John's,  Oct.  6, 
1775,  says  :  "  Mr.  St.  Luke's  character  gives  me  all  the  reason 
in  the  world  to  be  on  my  guard  against  him.  I  shall  insist 
upon  some  substantial  proof  of  his  sincerity."  Samuel  Mott 
wrote  to  Gov.  Trumbull  from  the  same  place,  and  under  the 
same  date,  as  follows : — "  St.  Luke  La  Come,  (that  arch 
devil  incarnate),  who  has   butchered   hundreds,   men,  women 

date  of  Oct.  4,  1784,  in  an  abstract  of  children,   seven   of   which   were    boyi.' 

the  Parish  Register  of  Montreal,  in  the  As  the  Dictiotinaire  Genialogiqut  does  not 

possession  of  the  Abbi  Verreau  of  that  mention  all  the  children,  the  subject  of 

city  (the   original  register  we  have  not  this  sketch  was  undoubtedly  one  of  those 

seen),  gives  the  age  as  72  years,  which  not  mentioned   in   that  work.     We  feel 

would   correspond     with    Gov.    Tryon's  confident  that  the  Louis-Luc  de  la  Corne 

•tatment  in  1777.     St.  Luc's  mother,  in  born    in    1703,  was   not   the   leader   of 

applying  for  a  pension  after  his  father's  Burgoync's  Indians.     ['F.  U.  194.] 
death,  represented  that  the  had  twelve 


53 6  Appendix  No.  17. 

and  children,  of  our  Colonies,  in  the  late  war,  in  the  most  in- 
human manner ;  who    has   been    a    head    and    leader   of  the 
Canadians,  and    all  the    Indians,  now  finding,    that  notw.th- 
standing  all  his  wiles   and  falsehoods,"  &c.,  &c.3»     That  St. 
Luc  was  a   man  of  education   his  letter  to    Burgoyne,  and  his 
journal  of  the  voyage  of  the    Auguste,  clearly  indicate  -,  while 
the  offices,  civil  and    military,  held  by  him,  prove  that  he  had 
high  standing  in  Canada.     Le  Moine  says  of  him—"  Being  a 
man  of  rank,  talent  and  courage,  high  civil  and  military  honors 
were   soon  within   his  reach."«     His   modes  of  warfare  show 
that  he  was  brutal  and  sanguinary  ;  and  his  unrelenting  hostility 
to  the   Americans,  though   so  recent  a  subject  of  the  British 
king  himself,  manifests   the   most  bitter   vindictiveness.     He 
was  grasping,  avaricious  and  unprincipled  ;  for  Mrs.  Johnson, 
of  Charlestown,   N.  H.,  who,  with   her  family,  was  captured 
by  the  Indians  in  the  summer  of  1754,  and  retained  m  Canada 
till    the    autumn    of    I757>    "-^la^"'   '"    "^^  narrative  of   her 
captivity,  that  St.  Luc  defrauded  her  out  of  four  hundred  and 
thirty-eight  dollars,  and  withheld   from  her  an  order  for  seven 
hundred  livres  more.^*     The  very  fact  of  his  cheerfully  leading 
savages  denotes   that  he  himself  was  at  heart  but  little  better 
than  they.     Bancroft  characterizes  him,  as  "  a  man  who  joined 
the  reHective  malice  of  civilization   to  the  remorseless  cruelty 
of  the  savage."  35     ['F.  T.  309,  310  :  L.   N.    167.     'F.  U. 
202.     3LS.  32.     -L  S.    112,    132:  L.M.    M.    31.     »I   S. 
183,  213.     «I.  S.   345,   500,  9'4.     ^I-    S.  629.     «I.  S.    750, 
817,850.    9G.Y.Y.  118.     -LS.  1086.     "L  P.  590  •  C.  B. 
269':  G.   Y.  Y.   119.     "J.F.     ''K.  D.    I35--  E.  924,  925- 
^♦M.  O.  337.     '^K.  Y.   51-53  :  E-  973*    >095>  1096,  1098. 
•*E.973,   1342.     "K.  Y.,8i.    '^K.  Y.  88.     "H.  X.    104: 


Appendix  No,  i8.  537 

F.  156.  "°F.  1515,  "K.  Y.  loi :  F.  1482  :  H.  609,  769. 
-K.  Y.  143.  -sA.  K.  326.  •«!.  R.  707.  'sG.  V.  146  :  B. 
N.  49,  50.  •'M.  H.  308-312.  '^M.  I.  324.  '"F.  H.  124. 
•5»A.  V.  185.  3»K.  A.  14.  J'L.  N.  167:  L.  O:  F.  T:  A. 
X.  142.  3»E.  973,  1095.  33G.  Y.  Y.  117.  mD.  E.  218. 
35A.  J.  365.] 


,  NO.  18. 

Lieut.,  afterwards  Admiral,  John  Schank. 

John  Schank  was  descended  from  a  very  ancient  family  in 
Mid  Lothian,  a  branch  of  which  settled  at  Kinghorn,  in 
Fifeshire,  Scotland,  and  got  lands  there  in  the  reign  of  Robert 
Bruce,  in  13 19.  He  was  the  son  of  Alexander  Schanic  of 
Castlereg,  Fifeshire,  by  his  wife,  Mary,  daughter  of  John 
Burnet,  minister  at  Moniemusk,  Aberdeenshire,  and  was  born 
about  the  year  1740.  He  went  to  sea  in  the  merchant  service 
at  an  eirly  age;  and  in  1757  served  for  the  first  time  on  a 
man  of  war,  the  Elizabeth,  of  74  guns,  commanded  by  Sir 
Hugh  Palliser.  He  subsequently  sailed  in  the  frigate  Emerald 
under  Capt.,  afterwards  Sir  Charles  Douglas,  with  whom  he 
went  to  the  North  Cape  of  Lapland,  in  1768,  to  observe  the 
transit  of  Venus.  After  his  return  he  gallantly  saved  the  life 
of  Mr.  Whitworth,  a  son  of  Sir  Charles,  and  brother  of  Lord 
Whitworth,  who  was  upset  in  a  small  boat  in  Portsmouth 
harbor,  and  afterwards  lost  in  America  while  serving  under 
Lord  Howe.  About  1771  he  joined  the  Princess  Amelia,  of 
80  guns,  then  fitting  for  the  flag  of  Sir  George  B.  Rodney, 
68 


538  Appendix  No,  18. 

who  had  recently  been  appoii.r?HI  lo  the  command  on  the 
Jamaica  station.  He  was  subsequently  a  midshipman  for  some 
time  on  the  Barfleur,  of  98  guns,  in  which  he  came  to  America, 
where  he  met  Earl  Percy,  afterwards  the  Duke  of  North- 
umberland, in  conversation  with  whom  he  first  suggested  the 
idea  of  centreboard  boats.  In  illustration  of  his  idea  he  built 
a  boat,  in  1774,  for  Lord  Percy,  then  in  Boston;  and  it 
realized  all  his  expectations.  He  afterwards  very  greatly  and 
very  successfully  developed  this  invention.'  v 

The  following  letter  from  Schank  to  Gen.  Haldimand  shows 
the  writer's  whereabouts  and  desire  to  get  on,  in  the  autumn  of 

'775- 

*'  On  Board  the  Preston  in  Boston  Harbour 

"  October  the  Sth^  1775. 

"  Sir  :  1  Beg  the  liberty  of  your  excusing  the  liberty  I  have 
taken  in  writing  you,  as  also  in  troubling  you  with  a  list  of  the 
killed  and  wounded  :  I  beg  you'll  be  so  good  as  to  mention  me 
to  Sir  Hugh  Palliser  with  whom  I  sail'd  last  War  (and  as  Pro- 
motions are  more  frequent  than  usuall  I  may  get  a  commission 
soon.  Please  to  present  my  compliments  to  Capt.  Prim  and 
excuse  the  liberty  of  me  who  is  with 
"  Respect  Your 

*'  Most  obed't 

"  Humble  servant 

"  John  Schank.* 
»'  To  Gen.  Haldimand." 

After  eighteen   years  laborious   service  in   subordinate   posi- 
tions, in  which  he  conspicuously  distinguished  himself,  he  was 


Appendix  No,  i8.  539 

promoted  to  a  lieutenancy  in  June,  1776,  and  appointed  to  the 
command  of  the  Canceaux,  an  armed  schooner  of  ten  guns, 
and  then  employed  on  the  River  St.  Lawrence.  This  command 
he  retained  for  a  considerable  time,  at  least  in  name,  for  almost 
immediately  after  assuming  it,  being  recommended  by  Admiral 
Vandeput,  under  whom  he  had  served  in  India,  as  a  proper 
person  to  fit  out  a  flotilla,  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
the  naval  department  at  St.  Johns.'  Sir  Guy  Carleton  thus 
wrote  to  Gen.  Burgoyne  about  this  officer  : — 

"Quebec,  26M  July^  ^n^- 
**  ♦  *  Timber  and  materials  compleat  for  another  vessel 
is  going  to  be  sent  up  to  you  from  hence,  with  all  possible 
expedition.  A  Lt.  Shanks  is  to  have  the  inspecting  of  the 
building  of  it,  and  afterwards  to  command  it  on  the  Lake, 
subject,  however,  to  the  command  of  Captain  Pringle,  and 
Major-Gen.  Phillips,  in  like  manner  as  the  officers  on  that 
service.  Mr.  Shanks  promises  and  will  struggle  hard  to  have 
his  vessel  the  first  upon  the  Lake."^ 

Schank,  evidently,  fulfilled  the  promise  in  Carleton's  letter, 
as  the  building  of  the  ship  Inflexible  of  over  300  tons,  mount- 
ing eighteen  12  pdrs.,  which  he  afterwards  commanded  and 
fought,  was  a  marked  feat  of  celerity.  She  was  originally  put 
on  the  stocks  at  Quebec  where  her  floors  were  all  laid,  and 
some  of  her  timbers  put  in.  Then  she  was  taken  apart  and 
carried  up  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Chambly,  and  from  there  to 
St.  John's  where  she  was  set  up  again  and  finished.  Her  keel 
was  laid  the  second  time  on  the  morning  of  Sept.  2d,  1776,  and 
by  sunset  on  that  day,  not  only  was  she  as  far  advanced  in  her 


540  Appendix  No,  i8. 

new  location  as  she  had  been  at  Quebec,  but  a  considerable 
quantity  of  fresh  timber  was  also  got  out  and  formed  into 
futtocks,  top  timbers,  beams,  planks,  &c.;  as  it  was  no  un- 
common  thing  for  trees,  growing  at  dawn  of  day,  to  form  parts 
of  the  ship  before  night.  Twenty-eight  days  from  laying  the 
keel,  being  Sept.  30th,  the  Inflexible  was  launched  ;  and,  in 
the  evening  of  Oct.  ist,  she  sailed  completely  manned, 
victualled,  and  equipped  for  service.  Ten  days  later  she 
formed  part  of  the  fleet  which  engaged  and  beat  Gen.  Arnold's 
flotilla  on  Lake  Champlain,  so  that  Lieut.  Schank's  ship  building 
exploit  consisted  in  constructing  a  ship  in  six  weeks  from  the 
time  of  his  laying  her  keel  to  the  time  he  fought  her  success- 
fully against  the  enemy.  One  of  the  most  remarkable  parts 
of  this  feat  was  that  there  were  only  sixteen  ship-wrights  to 
build  her,  one  of  whom,  on  the  third  day,  was  so  badly  cut 
with  an  adze  as  to  be  of  little  service.' 

All  of  Lieut.  Schank's  endeavours,  however,  were  not 
equally  successful,  for  Anburey  says,  in  writing  from 
Montreal, — *'  There  are  two  schooners  here,  the  Carltton  and 
Maria^  which  were  built  in  England  upon  a  construction  to 
take  to  pieces,  in  order  to  be  transported  across  a  carrying- 
place  of  about  two  miles.  After  their  sailing  from  England  to 
the  mouth  of  the  rapids,  which  prevented  their  proceeding  up 
to  St.  John's,  rather  than  lose  the  time  of  taking  them  to 
pieces,  and  re  constructing  them,  Lieutenant  Schank,  of  the 
navy,  an  ingenious  officer,  informed  General  Carleton,  that 
they  might  be  conveyed  upon  a  cradle  over  land  to  St.  John's 
entire,  provided  there  was  a  good  road  made  for  them.  The 
General  acquiesced  in  this  gentleman's  proposal,  and  the  whole 
army  were  employed  in  making  a  road.    One  of  the  vessels  was 


Appendix  No,  i8.  54.1 


near  half  a  mile  on  it,  by  means  of  cables  fixed  to  windlasses 
every  twenty  yards  }  but  the  General  perceiving  this  mode  of 
conveyance  would  take  up  more  time  than  the  other,  gave 
orders  to  have  the  schooners  taken  to  pieces  and  rebuilt, 
which  was  accomplished  in  as  short  a  space  of  time  as  they 
had  been  creeping  that  small  distance  upon  land."^ 

His  services,  however,  were  not  solely  confined  to  the 
naval  department :  he  attended  the  army  under  Gen. 
Burgoyne^  and  became  not  only  the  inventor,  but  the  con- 
structor of  several  floating  bridges,  by  the  assistance  of  which 
its  progress  was  materially  aided  j  and  without  which  it  would 
have  been,  in  all  probability,  totally  impeded  much  sooner  than 
it  really  was.  They  were  so  constructed  as  to  be  capable  of 
navigating  themselves  ;  and  were  not  only  absolutely  equipped 
with  masts  and  sails  for  that  purpose,  hut  having  been  built  at 
the  distance  of  seventy  miles  from  Crow)  Point,  were  actually 
conveyed  thither  without  difficulty  for  the  purpose  of  forming 
a  bridge  at  that  place.  These  floating  bridges,  like  the  army 
intended  to  pass  over  them,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Americans.' 

j^ Besides  fitting  out  and  equipping  armaments  on  the  great 
lakes,  Lieut.  Schank  had  the  direction  of  four  dock  yards  at 
the  same  time,  located  at  St.  John's,  Quebec,  Carleton  Island, 
and  Detroit.  His  mechanical  skill  and  energy  were  most 
creditably  united  to  a  thoroughly  economical  expenditure  of  the 
public  money  ;  a  trait  deserving  the  highest  praise  at  a  time 
when  pelf  and  peculation  were  the  well  nigh  invariable  charac- 
teristics of  British  disbursing  officers.  He  was,  practically, 
the  civil  commander-in-chief,  as  he  discharged  all  the  conjunct 


54-2  Appendix  No,  i8. 

duties  of  the  Admiralty  and  Navy  Boards ;  and  with  such  con- 
spicuous energy  and  merit  as  to  elicit  the  highest  encomiums 
from  the  admiral  commanding  on  that  station,  as  well  as  the 
governor  general  of  Canada  and  military  commander-in-chief.'^ 

Though  he  rendered  such  laborious  and  meritorious  service 
in  America,  his  field  of  action  rather  retarded  his  promotion, 
and  we  find  Gen.  Haldimand  writing  to  Lord  George  Ger- 
maine  as  follows  : — 

Quebec,  2\th  March ^  ^779' 
"  My  Lord. 

"  The  great  Promotions  in  point  of  rank  throughout  the 
Navy  and  the  great  prospect  of  Prize  Money  when  Hostilities 
were  commenced  against  France,  brought  me  numerous  appli- 
cations from  the  several  sea  officers  serving  on  the  Lakes,  for 
my  Permission  to  return  into  their  own  line  of  Duty,  and  I 
have  complied  with  those  applications  as  far  as  in  every  degree 
consistent  with  the  Naval  Defence  of  this  Province,  insomuch 
that  I  have  now  only  Two  Sea  Officers  left  _nder  my  Com- 
mand ;  they  are  both  Gentlemen  of  great  merit  and  long 
services.  Lieut.  John  Schank  distinguished  himself,  in  1776 
in  the  construction  of  the  Naval  Armament  on  Lake 
Champlain,  and  in  its  successful  operations,  has  since  been 
very  actively  employed  as  Senior  Naval  Officer  and  Commis- 
sion.'r  on  the  Lakes  Ontario  and  Erie. 

"  Lieut.  Wm.  Chambers  commands  on  Lake  Champlain.  *  * 
"  I  hope  your  Lordship  will  not  think  me  troublesome  if  I 
request  your  interest  to  obtain  for  these  Gentlemen  the  Rank 
of  Master  and  Commander  which  will  still  add  to  the  Authority 
they  receive  from  me,  and  with  which  these  gentlemen   have 


Appendix  No,  i8.  54.3 

promised  to  serve  with  cheerfulness  in  their  present  station 
during  the  present  War  and  contest,  without  the  chance  of 
sharing  any  part  of  the  numerous  prizes  we  hope  their  Brother 
Officers  will  become  masters  of."  • 

/^Aprii  8,  1780,  after  more  than  a  year's  delay,  the  desired 
commissions  promoting  Schanic  and  Chambers  to  be  masters 
and  commanders  in  the  navy,  were  forwarded  from  the  Ad- 
miralty to  Gen.  Haldimand' ;  although  the  former  had  held 
that  position  by  local  appointment  for  about  two  years.' 

Capt.  Schank  was  promoted  to  the  grade  of  post-captain  Aug. 
15,  1783.'  He  became  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Transport 
Service  Sept.  25,  1793';  and,  in  1794,  he  was  appointed  prin- 
cipal agent  of  transports  composing  a  part  of  the  formidable 
expedition  to  the  West  Indies  under  Sir  John  Jervis,  after- 
wards Earl  of  St.  Vincent,  and  Gen.  Sir  Charles  Grey,  after- 
wards Lord  Grey  de  Howick ;  the  duties  of  which  arduous 
post  he  discharged  with  singular  fidelity  and  ability.  When  the 
British  troops  were  compelled  to  quit  Flanders  and  retire  into 
Holland,  whither  they  were  followed  by  the  armies  of  the 
French  Convention,  Capt.  Schank  was  appointed  superintendent 
of  all  transports  or  vessels  employed  in  the  various  services  of 
conveying  either  troops,  stores,  or  property,  from  one  country 
to  the  other.  When  the  French  acquisition  of  coast  caused 
the  British  to  apprehend  an  invasion  of  their  own  country,  a 
new  and  formidable  system  of  defence  was,  by  the  orders  of 
the  Board  of  Admiralty,  perfected,  arranged,  and  completely 
carried  into  execution  under  the  direction  of  Capt.  Schank, 
to  whom  was  confided  the  defence  of  the  whole  coast  from 
Portsmouth  to  Berwick  upon  Tweed.      This  extensive  and 


54+  Appendix  No,  i8. 

important  command  was  a  signal  tribute  to  his  ability  ;  and  the 
manner  of  its  discharge  gave  him  a  further  claim  on  the  grati- 
tude of  his  country.'  He  was  again  appointed  a  Commissioner 
of  the  Board  of  Transport  Service  on  its  reorganization,  Dec. 
13,  1798,  which  position  he  held  until  1802',  when  an  opthal- 
mic  complaint  compelled  his  retirement  from  active  duty. 

After  more  than  forty  years  service  he  obtained  his  flag, 
being  promoted  to  rear-admiral  of  the  Blue  Nov.  9,  1805." 
His  subsequent  promotions  were  as  follows  — rear-admiral  of 
the  White  April  28,  1808"  i  rear-admiral  of  the  Red  Oct.  25, 
1809'*;  vice-admiral  of  the  Blue  July  31,  181  o'';  vice  admiral 
of  the  White  Dec.  4,  1813'^;  vice-admiral  of  the  Red  June 
4,  1814''  i  and  admiral  of  the  Blue  July  19,  1821.'* 

He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  was  one  of  the 
original  members  of  the  Society  for   improving   Naval  Archi- 
tecture.    Some  of  the  papers   published  by  this   latter  society 
were  his ;  and  in  1793  he  published  "  A  Sketch  of  two  Boats, 
and   a  Cutter  with   sliding   keels."   folio.     Though   a  gallant 
officer,  yet  his  mechanical  and  engineering  genius  was   his  dis- 
tinguishing characteristic.      In  his  earlier   years  he  invented   a 
cot   so  arranged  by  means  of  pulleys  and  castors  that  the  occu- 
pant  could    raise  or  lower  it,  or   change   its   location   at  will. 
Later   in  life,  besides   his  sliding   keels  already  adverted   to,  he 
seems  "  to   have  been  the   inventor  of  gunboats  with  movable 
sides,  for  firing  guns   in  any  direction.     He  likewise  fitted  the 
Wolverine  sloop  with  the  inclined   plane  in  her  gun  carriages, 
which  is  justly  considered  as  the  greatest  modern  invention  in 
gunnery."  V 


Appendix  No,  19.  545 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  married,  first,  Mrs.  FitzGerald, 
widow  of  Gen.  FitzGerald ;  and,  second,  Miss  Margaret 
Grant,  sister  of  the  late  Master  of  the  Rolls,  Sir  William 
Grant.  By  his  first  wife  he  left  one  daughter,  Margaret,  who 
married  Capt.  John  Wight  of  the  royal  navy,  afterwards  a  vice- 
admiral  of  the  White.  This  daughter  died  in  1812,  leaving 
three  sons  and  a  daughter.  Her  third  and  surviving  son,  John 
Mackellar  Skeene  Grieve  Wight,  assumed  by  royal  license 
dated  June  13,  1840,  the  surn%me  and  arms  of  Schank,  in  lieu 
of  his  patronymic,  Wight,  and  succeeded  to  the  Schank  ances- 
tral estate  of  Barton  House. 

/  Admiral  Schank  died  March  6^  1823,  at  Barton  House, 
Dawlish,  in  Devonshire,  in  ihe  83d  year  of  his  age.'*''/['S. 
392-402:  I.  B.  324-332:  E.  P.  P.  81:  B.  M.  107-112. 
•F.  J.  228.  3F.  B.  85.  «0.  133.  sK.  M.  154.  «F.  H. 
218,  219.  ?F.  I.  97.  "F.  L.  12.  9A.  T.  Ill,  etpm.  '"E. 
D.  1232.  "E.  E.  551.  -E.  F.  1229.  '^E-  H.  182.  '^E.  I. 
697.    -sE.  J.  695.     ••E.  O.  174.     '^B.  T.  1067.] 


NO.  19. 

Major  Jeremiah  French. 

Jeremiah  French  was  commissioned  as  ensign  of  the  59th 
Foot  March  4,  1760;  as  lieutenant  Feb.  13,  1762;  as 
captain  of  the  29th  Foot  Dec.  7,  1764  ;  as  major  therein  July 
26,  1773;  and  as  lieut.-colonel  of  the  31st  Foot  Sept.  13, 
1777.'  Both  the  29th  and  31st  Regts.  went  to  Canada  in  the 
69 


546  Apfmdix  No,  20. 

spring  of  1776  to  reinforce  Gen.  Carleton,  and  both  remained 
in  that  province  throughout  the  Revolutionary  War,  save  only 
their  flank  companies,  which  formed  a  part  of  the  light-brigade 
on  Burgoync's  expedition.  Lieut.-Cc'.onel  French  served  in 
Canada  throughout  the  war,  and  in  June,  1776,  had  command 
of  the  town  of  Montreal.*  He  became  a  colonel  in  the  army 
Nov.  20,  1782,  and  iiis  name  appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for 
the  last  time  in  1788.'  I^e  died  at  Parsons-Town,  King's 
County,  Ireland,  in  1819,  in  his  89th  year. 3  ['B.  H.  'F.  B. 
20.     3R.  461.] 


NO.  550. 

Capt.  Littlejohn. 

All  we  have  been  able  to  glean  in  regard  to  Mr.  [or  Captain, 
so  called,]  Littlejohn,  is  that  he  subsequently  came  to  grief,  as 
appears  by  a  letter  from  Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  Gen.  Phillips, 
dated  June  17,  1777,  in  which,  after  directing  that  Littlejohn 
be  immediately  suspended,  Sir  Guy  goes  on  to  say,  "that  you 
will  order  with  respect  to  him  what  further  you  shall  think 
necessary  to  oblige  him  to  account  for  the  money  he  has  been 
entrusted  with.  It  was  never,"  Sir  Guy  adds,  "  with  my 
approbation  nor  do  I  know  by  what  means  any  came  into  his 
hands ;  I  must  beg  you  will  find  a  proper  person  to  replace 
Mr.  Littlejohn."     [F.  B.  530.] 


Appendix  No,  21.  547 


NO.  31. 

\  ■•  , 

Brig.  Gen.   Allan  Maclean. 
J 

^    Allan    Maclean    was    the  third    son    of   Donald,  the   fifth 

Maclean  of  Torloisk,  in  the  west  of  Scotland,  by  his  wife 
Mary,  a  daughter  of  Campbell  of  Sutherland.  Allan  began 
his  military  career  in  the  service  of  Holland,  the  Scotch 
Brigade  to  which  he  belonged,  being  sometimes  called  the 
Dutch  Brigade,  because  it  was  in  the  pay  of  the  States 
General.'  At  the  siege  of  Bergen-op  zoom,  in  1747,  a  portion 
of  the  Scotch  Brigade  cut  its  way  with  great  loss  through  the 
French,  who  had  forced  an  entrance  into  the  streets  of  the 
town,  but  Lieuts.  Francis  Maclean  and  Allan  Maclean  of  that 
brigade,  were  taken  prisoners  and  carried  before  Gen.  Lowcn- 
dahl,  who  thus  addressed  them :  "  Gentlemen,  consider 
yourselves  on  parole.  If  all  had  conducted  themselves  as  you 
and  your  brave  corps  have  done,  I  should  not  now  be  master 
of  Bergen-op  zoom."'  , 

Allan  Maclean  subsequently  entered  the  British  service, 
and,  on  January  8th,  1756,  became  a  lieutenant  in  the  4th 
Battalion  of  the  62d  (afterwards  the  60th),  or  Royal  American 
Regiment,3  of  which  he  was  for  sometime  adjutant.  He  was 
present  at  Abercromby's  unsuccessful  attack  on  Ticonderoga, 
July  8th,  1758,  where  he  was  severely  wounded  <  January 
l6th,  1759,  he  was  commissioned  as  captain  of  an  Independent 
Company  then  stationed  at  New  York^ ;  and  with  this  com- 
pany he  was  present  at  the  action  preceding  the  surrender  of 
Niagara,   where   he  was  again  dangerously   wounded.     After 


5+8 


Appendix  No,  2 1 . 


active   iighting   in   Canada   and  on  the  northern   frontier  had 

ceased,  Capt.    Maclean  returned  to  Great  Britain,  where  the 

government  shortly  after  granted  him  "  letters  of  service  "  for 

embodying  a  battalion  of  six  hundred  men,  with   the  privilege 

of  nominating  its  complement  of  officers.'     This   battalion, 

which  was  numbered  the  114th  Foot,  and  known  as  the  Royal 

Highland  Volunteers,  and  of  which    he  was  appointed  major 

commandant  October  i8th,  17613,  saw  no  active  service;  and 

from  its  ranks  recruits  were  drawn  for  the  Highland  regiments 

in  America  and  Germany.'     It    was  reduced  at  the  peace  of 

1763,  when  Major  Maclean  went  upon  half-pay.     He  became 

a  lieut.  colonel  in   the  army   May   25th,   1772';  and   early  in 

1775  he  devised  a   colonization  scheme  which  brought  him  to 

America,  landing  in  New  York  the  latter  part  of  May  in  that 

year.'"     He  next  visited  Boston,  where,  on  the  13th  of  June, 

he  received  from  Gen.  Gage,  the  British  commander-in-chief 

in  America,  power  to  raise  a   battalion  of  provincials  for   the 

King's  service  ;  this  being  the  inception  of  what  subsequently 

became    the    Royal    Highland    Emigrants.'       His     intentions 

getting  wind*  he  hastened  back  to  New  York  where  he  was 

arrested  by  order  of  Congress,  but   he  obtained  his   release  by 

denying  that   he  was  interfering  in   the  dispute  between  the 

colonies  and  the  mother  country .»     Leaving   New   York   he 

repaired  to   Col.  Guy  Johnson  on  the   Mohawk,  and  thence 

proceeded   to   Oswego,  and   so  to   Canada,  where  under   the 

auspices  of  Gen.  Carleton,  he  at  once  set  about  organizing  his 

corps." 

a.  The  Royal  Warrant  and  Articles  of  found  in  vol.  viii,  of  Documenti,  relating 
Aiiociation  giving  the  full  details  of  Col.  to  thr  Colonial  History  of  the  State  of 
Maclean's   colunisation   scheme,  can    b«    New  York  pp.  561-564. 


Appendix  No.  21.  549 

The  Royal  Highland  Emigrants  consisted  of  two  battalions, 
and  the  commander-in-chief  in  America  was  colonel  ex  officio, 
Allan  Maclean  was  appointed  lieut.-colonel  commandant  of 
the  First  Battalion,  which  was  to  be  raised  from  the  Highland 
emigrants  in  Canada,  and  the  discharged  men  of  the  42d  Foot, 
or  Black  Watch,  afterwards  the  Royal  Highland  Regiment,  and 
from  Montgomery's  and  Fraser's  Highlanders,  who  had  settled 
in  that  country  after  the  peace  of  1763.  Capt.  John  Small, 
formerly  of  the  42d,  and  then  of  the  21st  Foot,  was  appointed 
major  commandant  of  the  Second  Battalion,  which  was  to  be 
completed  in  Nova  Scotia  from  emigrants  and  discharged 
Highland  soldiers,  and  where  it  afterwards  served  under  Brig.- 
Gen.  Francis  Maclean,  who,  when  a  lieutenant  in  the  Dutch 
service,  was  taken  prisoner  at  Bergen-op-zoom,  in  1747,  with 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The  establishment  of  each 
battalion  was  seven  hundred  and  fifty-men,  with  officers  in  pro- 
portion", until  Dec.  25,  1780,  when  the  establishment  of  the 
First  Battalion  became  twelve  companies,  each  consisting  of 
three  sergeants,  four  corporals,  two  drummers,  and  fifty-six 
privates,  including;  three  contingent  men,  with  two  fifers  for 
the  Grenadier  company,  and  the  usual  commissioned  and  staff 
officers."  Great  inducements  were  offered  for  recruits,  as  will 
be  seen  by  the  following  circular,  issued  in  1775  over  Col. 
Maclean's  own  signature,  and  which  corresponds  with  the 
terms  of  the  Royal  warrant  conferred  on  him  in  the  coloniza- 
tion scheme. 

"  Conditions  to  be  given  to  such  soldiers  as  will  engage  in 
the  Royal  Highland  Emigrants. 

"  They  are  to  engage  during  the  present  trouble  in  America 
only.     Each  soldier  is  to  have  two  hundred  acres  of  land  in 


550  Appendix  No.  21. 

any  Province  in  North  America  he  shall  think  proper,  the 
King  to  pay  the  Patent  fees,  Secretary's  fees,  and  Surveyor 
General's ;  besides  twonty  years  free  of  quit  rent ;  each 
married  man  gets  fifty  acres  for  his  wife,  and  fifty  for  each 
child  on  the  same  terms.  And  as  a  gratuity,  besides  the  above 
great  terms,  one  guinea  levy  money. 

*'  Allan  Maclean, 

/"  Lieutenant-Colonel  Commandant."'* 

According  to  Henry,  a  private  in  Smith's  Riflemen,  who 
was  taken  prisoner  in  the  American  assault  on  Quebec,  the 
ranks  of  the  Royal  Highland  Emigrants  were  likewise 
attempted  to  be  recruited  by  other  and  more  questionable 
means.  In  his  account  of  Arnold's  Campaign  against  Quebec, 
Henry  writes, — "  January  4th,  [1776]  or  the  next  day,  we  were 
visited  by  Colonel  Maclean,  an  old  man,  attended  by  other 
officers,  for  a  peculiar  purpose,  that  is.,  to  ascertain  who  among 
us  were  born  in  Europe.  We  had  many  Irishmen,  and  some 
Englishmen.  The  question  was  put  to  each  ;  those  who 
admitted  a  British  birth,  were  told  they  must  serve  his  majesty 
in  Colonel  Maclean's  regiment,  a  new  carps  called  the  emigrants. 
Our  poor  fellows,  under  the  fearfu'.  penalty  of  being  carried  to 
Britain,  there  to  be  tried  for  treason,  were  compelled  by 
necessity,  and  many  of  them  did  enlist.''*  Joseph  Ware,  who 
likewise  accompanied  Arnold  through  the  wilderness,  and  was 
also  taken  ?t  the  assault  upon  Quebec,  has  given  us  the 
names  of  94  of  his  fellow  prisoners  who  *'  listed  in  the  King's 
service  ;"  the  majority,  if  not  all  of  whom,  doubtless  entered 
the  Emigrants  as  the  result  of  Col.  Maclean's  peculiar  argu- 
ment.'s    The  value  of  such  methods  of  recruiting  is  shown  by 


Appendix  No,  2\,  551 

a  British  officer  who  wrote  in  his  Journal  during  the  same  siege, 
under  date  of  Feb.  i6,  1776,  as  follows :  '*  This  morning  all 
the  prisoners  that  had  entered  into  Colonel  McLean's  corps 
(in  consequence  of  the  frequent  desertion  among  them)  were 
again  sent  to  gaol,  a  circumstance  which  has  seemingly  ^iven 
great  satisfaction  to  all  the  other  members  of  the  garrison,  as 
this  plan  is  the  only  effectual  one  that  can  be  devised  to  frus- 
trate their  traitorous  designs."** 

'Quebec  would  undoubtedly  have  fallen  into  Gen.  Arnold's 
hands  when  he  suddenly  appeared  before  it,  in  November,  1775, 
had  not  Col.  Maclean,  hearing  of  the  American  advance,  pre- 
cipitately thrown  himself  with  a  part  of  his  corps  into  the  city.'' 
During  the  siege  by  Montgomery  and  Arnold,  the  Royal 
Highland  Emigrants  took  an  active  part  in  resisting  the  in- 
vaders. Gen.  Guy  Carleton,  the  British  commander-in-chief, 
being  occupied  in  preparations  for  the  general  defence  of  the 
colony,  the  immediate  defence  of  the  town  devolved  upon 
Lieut. -Col.  Maclean  who  conducted  it  with  much  ability, 
for  which  he  was  honored  with  the  royal  approbation.'* 
During  the  siege  he  suffered  an  injury  to  his  leg  whereby  he 
lost  the  use  of  it  in  a  great  measure  for  the  rest  of  his  life'' 
After  the  American  retreat  from  Canada  the  First  Battalion  of 
the  Emigrants  remained  in  the  province  during  the  war,  and 
was  principally  employed  in  small  but  harassing  enterprises.** 
Lieut.-Col.  Maclean  was  appointed  adjutant- general  of  the  army 
in  Canada  May  11,  1776,  a  position  he  continued  to  hold  till 
his  appointment  as  a  brigadier-general,  June  6,  1777,  when  he 
was  placed  in  command  at  Montreal.*'  On  the  23d  of  the 
following  September  he  was  ordered,  with  St.  Leger's  force  and 


552  Appendix  No,  21. 

the  31st  Regt.,  to  the  relief  of  Gen  Powell  at  Ticonderoga, 
which  post  was  being  threatened  by  the  Americans.  That 
service  was  to  be  of  short  duration,  and  he  was  to  send 
forward  St.  Leger's  force  to  Burgoyne,  and  return  with  the 
31st,  when  Ticonderoga  had  been  relieved.  As  dangers 
thickened  round  Burgoyne's  command,  Maclean,  on  the 
20th  of  October,  was  ordered  with  the  31st  Regt.  and  his 
own  battalion  of  the  Royal  Highland  Emigrants,  to  Chimney 
Point,  to  fortify  there,  to  preserve  communication  with  Ticon- 
deroga ;  and  there  he  remained  until  the  latter  post  was 
abandoned  the  next  month,  when  he  was  ordered  to 
Quebec." 

As  Lieut. -Col.  Maclean  had  been  promised  rank  and  estab- 
lishment for  his  corps,  which  had  not  been  conferred,  he  left 
Quebec  July  27,  1776,  for  England,  and  arrived  in  London  on 
the  2d  of  the  following  September,  in  order  to  get  the  promises 
redeemed,  if  possible.'^     He  returned  to  Canada  the  following 
spring,   arriving  at   Quebec   May  28,  1777,  in  his   Majesty's 
ship  Tartar.'*     His  mission  was   unsuccessful,  and   it  was  not 
till   nearly  two  years   later  that   he  accomplished   his  purpose. 
In  1778   he  accompanied  Sir  Guy  Carleton  to  England's,  and 
made  a  personal,  and  this  time  a  successful  appeal  to  the  king 
in  behalf  of  the   regiment,  which  was   then   received   into  the 
regular  British  army*',  and  numbered  as  the  84th   Foot.     His 
commission  as   lieut.-colonel  of  the  84th  dates  from    June  12, 
17753,   that  being  within  a  day  of  the  date  of  his  appointment 
by  Gen.  Gage. 

The   London  Chronicle  of  Oct.    1-3,  1778,   informs  us  that 
"Yesterday"   (Thursday,   Oct.    i)"the  Quebec  merchants 


Appendix  No.  21. 


s^: 


gave  an  elegant  entertainment  at  the  London  Tavern  to  Sir 
Guy  Carleton,  General  Maclean,  and  Peter  Livius,  Esq.,  Chief 
Justice  of  that  Province,  lately  arrived  from  thence,  as  a  mark 
of  their  respect  for  gentlemen  who  behaved  s  .j  gallantly  in  de- 
fence of  the  city  of  Quebec  when  besieged  by  the  rebels  in 
1775."  Gen.  Maclean  sailed  from  Spithead,  with  his  family, 
on  his  return  to  Canada,  May  i,  1779,  and  arrived  at  Quebec 
on  the  i6th  of  the  following  August.'' 

He  became  a  colonel  in  the  army  Nov.  17,  1780^,  and  in  the 
winter  of  1782  he  had  cc^mmand  of  the  posts  from  Oswe- 
gatchie  to  Michilimackinac.*^  About  this  time  he  had  some 
difficulty  with  the  German  Major-General  Riedesel,  in  which 
Gen.  Haldimand  seems  to  have  sympathized  with  the  latter,  as 
he  speaks  of  Maclean's  "  bad  conduct,"  and  writes  to  Riedesel, 
under  date  of  Dec.  19,  1782,  as  Follows  : — "1  believe,  also, 
that  his  majesty  has  too  good  an  opinion  of  my  honor,  than  to 
pay  no  attention  to  the  reports  I  have  sent  him  \  and  I  hope, 
tlierefore,  that  Mr.  McLean's  true  character  will  then  be  found 
out."  Again,  under  date  ot  Jan.  13,  1783,  Haldimand  wrote 
to  Riedesel  in  this  wise  : — '"■  McLean,  inflated  with  arrogance, 
will  omit  nothing  to  gain  adherents  ;  and,  if  the  least  oppor- 
tunity is  given  him,  will  soon  consider  himself  a  man  of  import- 
ance. I  should  stir  him  up  myself  if  he  would  stay  here  ;  but 
I  will  communicate  to  you  some  information  showing  you  his 
character  in  a  yet  different  light."  "9 

Soon  after  the  peace  of  1783,  the  84th  was  reduced  and  the 

officers  went   upon   half-pay',   when  General    Maclean  retired 

from   the  service.       He   married    Janet,  daughter  of  Donald 

Maclean  of  the  house  of  Brolas,  and  sister  of  General  Sir  Fitz- 

70 


5 '54 


/Appendix  No.  2 


roy  Maclean,  of  Maclean,  and  died  in  London  in  March,  1797 
without  issue.  "  Few  men  of  his  day,"  says  the  historian  of 
the  Clan  Maclean,  "  were  more  universally  respected  than 
General  Allan  Maclean  j  pre-eminently  distinguished  for  the 
high  attributc-'<  of  the  brave  soldier  and  the  good  man,  he  has  left 
a  name  which  will  long  continue  to  be  spoken  of  with  the  re- 
spect so  justly  due  to  the  memory  of  the  good  and  the  brave.""  * 

Allan  Mack-an  of  Torloislc,  whose  life  has  just  been  sketched, 
has  been  confused  by  some  wiiters — notably  by  Major-General 
Stewart,  in  his  Sketches  of  the  Highlanders,  11,  78,  82  ;  by 
Browne,  who  has  borrowed  very  largely  from  Stewart,  in  his 
History  of  the  Highlands  and  the  Highland  Clans,  iv,  242  note 
and  244  ;  by  Dr.  O'Callaghan,  in  his  note  to  vol.  viii,  363,  of 
Documents  relating  to  the  Colonial  History  of  the  iitate  of 
New  York ;  and  by  Gen.  de  Peyster,  in  Wilson's  Orderly 
Book,  p.  9,  note, — with  Allan  Maclean  o\  iirolas,  who  suc- 
ceeded to  a  baronetcy  in  October,  1750.  This  latter  officer 
embraced  a  military  life  in  his  youth,  and  served  in  difFeient  parts 
of  the  globe.  The  first  notice  of  his  military  career  is  as  captain 
under  the  Earl  of  Drumlanrig  in  the  service  of  Holland.  July 
i6th,  1757,  he  became  a  captain  in  Montgomery's  Highlanders 
(known  also,  at  different  times  as  the  First  Highland  Battalion, 
the  62d  Foot,*"  and  the  77th  Foot),  and  major  in  the  1 19th  Foot, 

b.  As  both  Montgomery's  Highlanders  date  Jan.  4,  1757.     Not  being  numbered 

and  the  Royal  American  Regiment,  are  it  was    designated    in  the    Army   List  of 

spoken  of  in  the  above  note  as   the  62d,  1757,   as  the    First   Highland    Battalion, 

a  few  words  of  explanation  may  not  be  In  the  first  edition  of  the  Army  List  of 

amiss.  '758  it  was    numbered  as  the  62d    Foot, 

The  regiment  popularly  called   Mont-  but,  in  a  subsequent  edition  for  that  year, 

gomery's   Highlanders,  was  raised  among  it*    number  was    changed  to    the    77th, 

the     Highland     clans    of     Scotland     by  which  designation  it  retained  until  it  was 

Archibald   Montgomery,  whose  commis-  disbanded    shortly    after    the    peace    of 

■ion    as  lieut. -colonel  commandant    bore  1763. 


Appendix  No.  21. 


S55 


or  the  Prince's  Own,  June  25th,  1762.  His  corps  being  re- 
duced at  the  peace  of  1763,  he  went  upon  half-pay  ;  and 
though  he  attained  the  rank  of  lieut. -colonel  in  the  army,  May 
25th,  1772,  he  never  returned  to  active  service,  but  remained 
on  half-pay  as  major  of  the  late  1 19th,  until  his  death  December 
lOth,  1783.  Sir  Allan  Maclean  marrifij  Anna,  daughter  of 
Hector  Maclean  of  Coll,  by  whom  he  had  three  daughters  and 
a  son  ;  but  as  the  latter  died  in  childhood,  he  was  succeeded 
in  the  baronetcy  bv  a  collateral  branch. 3°  ['H.  W.  35>-356. 
•L.  G.  78.  3i}.  H.  ••H.  E.  176.  5B.  J.  368,  note.  «C.  C. 
426:  I.  R.  562,  etpost,  583.  ^V.  E.  124.  ^I.  R.  589.  'F. 
290.  '"K.  U.  262.  "L.  G.  209.  "F.  E.  166.  '3E.  4.  '••F. 
R.  136.  '3l.  I.  133.  '*J.  Z.  49.  '^L.  G.  210.  '*H.  1005  : 
F.  B.  188.  '9K.  H.  258.  *^L.  G.  211.  "F.  E.  r,  77:  F.  C. 
129.  "F.  C.  23,  24,  91,  98,  529:  F.  E.  85,  89.  »3l. 
626.  '^J.  J.  "5j.  o.  "^H.  J.  278,  339.  »7j.  p.  .sp  E^ 
208.  »9K:.  N.  148,  149,  154.  30B.  H:  H.  W.  207,  209  : 
I.  Z.  App.  348,  349.] 


The  Royal  American  Regiment  was 
raised  in  1756,  and  waj  numbered  as  the 
62d  Foot;  but  in  1758  its  numlicr  was 
changed  to  tiie  60th,  and  so  it  now 
remains.  It  originally  hai  four  battalions, 
but  iti  3d  and  4th  were  disbanded  at  the 
peace  ot  1763.  Third  and  fourth  battal- 
ions were  added  in  1778,  and  reduced  in 
1783.  The  number  of  battalions  was 
raised  to  ten  during  the  war  ot  1804-15, 
eight  of  which  were  reduced  in  1817-18. 
The  present  3d  and  4th  Battalions  were 
raised  in  1855-58.  The  designation  of 
the  60th,  as  "  The  Royal  American  Reg- 
iment," gave  place  to  "  The  Duke  of 
York's  Own  Rifle  Corps,"  in  the  Army 


List  of  iS25,and  that,  in  turn,  was  super- 
seded in  the  Army  List  of  183 1,  by 
"  The  King's  Royal  Rifle  Corps,"  which 
litter  name  the  6orii  still   retains. 

The  regiment  on  Burgoyne's  expedi- 
tion whieh  was  numbered  as  the  62d,  was 
raised  in  1755  as  the  2d  Battalion  of  the 
4th,  or  K-ing's  Own  Regiment  of  Foot. 
In  1758  it  was  detiched  from  the  4th, 
and  numbered  as  the  62d  Foot,  and  this 
number  it  has  ever  since  retained  Shortly 
after  the  peace  of  1783  county  designa- 
tions were  conferred,  and  the  6zd  hat 
since  then  been  also  known  as  the  Wilt- 
shire Regiment.       [B.  H  :  L.  X.  337.] 


556 


Appendix  No,  22. 


NO.  23. 

Lieut.  Colonel  Nicholas  Sutherland. 

Nicholas    Sutherland    entered    the    British    army    June   14, 
1755,  as  an  ensign  in  the  Royal  Americans,  01  62d,  afterwards 
the  60th  Foot.     On  the  formation  of  the  First  Highland  Bat- 
talion (Montgomery's   Highlanders),  subsequently  numbered  as 
the  62d,  and  then  as  the  77th,  he  was  promoted  to  a  lieuten- 
ancy therein  Jan.  8,  1757,  and  to  the  captain-lieutenancy  Sept. 
15,    1758.'     He   served   with   his  regiment  in    America,  and 
took   part  in  the   expedition  against  Fort  Du  Quesne,  which 
was  crowned  with  success,  as  the  fort  surrendered  in  Novem- 
ber of  that  year.     His  regiment  formed  part  of  the  army  under 
Gen.   Amherst  in   1759,  and  was  detached  against  the  Chero- 
kees  in  1760,  in  which  operations  Capt. -Lieut.  Sutherland  was 
wounded.'     He  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy   Dec.  31,  1761', 
and  served  in  the  expedition  against  Martinico  and  Havana  in 
1762.'     At  the  peace   of  1763  his  regiment  was  reduced,  and 
he  went  upon  half-pay,  but    returned  to  active  duty  March  14, 
1765,  as  captain  in  the  21st,  or   Royal  North  British  Fuzileers, 
■which  regiment  was  then  serving  in  America.'     Feb.  21,  1772, 
he  sold  out  his   captaincy  and   purchased  the  majority  of  his 
regiment'- 3;  and  when  it  embarked  for  Canada  in  the  spring 
of   1776    to  reinforce    Sir  Guy  Carleton,  he  accompanied    it. 
Nov.  5,    1776,  he   became  the   lieutenant-colonel  of  the  47th 
Foot  in   place  of   Gen.   Nesbii   deceased,  and  this  position  he 
held  until  his  death.' 

He  took  part   in   Burgoyne's  campaign  and  his  name  is  at- 
tached  to  the   Cambridge   Parole.     He   seems,  according  to 


Appendix  No,  22.  557 

Wilkinson,  to  have  been  an  active  instrumentality  in  bringing 
about  the  conclusion  of  the  Saratoga  Convention.  The  pre- 
liminary articles  having  been  agreed  upon  between  the  opposing 
commanders,  Burgoyne  desired  more  time  to  settle  ''the  several 
subordinate  articles  and  regulations  necessarily  springing  from 
these  preliminaries,  and  requiring  explanation  and  precision, 
between  the  parties,  before  a  definitive  treatv  could  be  safely 
executed,''  and  he  therefore  wrote  to  the  American  commander 
that  he  was  willing  ''  to  appoint  two  officers  immediately  to 
meet  two  others  from  Major-general  Gates,  to  propound, 
discuss,  and  settle  those  subordinate  articles,  in  order  that  the 
treaty  in  due  form  may  be  executed  as  soon  as  possible." 
Lieut. -Col.  Nicholas  Sutherland,  and  Capt.  James  H.  Craig 
of  the  47th  regiment,  accordingly  met  Col,  Wilkinson  and 
Brig.-Gen.  W  hippie  (of  the  militia),  at  a  tent  which  had  been 
pitched  between  the  advance  guards  of  the  two  armies  just 
above  Gen.  Schuyler's  saw  mill,  on  the  afternoon  of  Oct.  J5th. 
Wilkinson  says  : — "  Having  produced  and  exchanged  creden- 
tials, we  proceeded  to  discuss  the  objects  of  our  appointment, 
and  at  8  o'clock  p.  m.,  we  signed  and  exchanged  articles  of 
capitulation,  and  separated  to  report  to  our  respective  Generals. 
Having  performed  this  service,  and  received  the  approbation  of 
my  superior,  I  proceeded  to  my  daily  duty,  and  on  returning  to 
headquarters  about  1 1  o'clock  P.  M.  found  the  following  note 
from  Captain  Craig,  to  which  I  by  order  immediately  returned 
the  annexed  answer. 

**  *  Camp  at  Saratoga,  15th  Oct.  \  past  10  o'clock. 

••*SiR. 

"  '  Upon  reporting  the  proceedings  of  this  evening  to  Lieuten- 
ant-general  Burgoyne  I  was  happy  to   receive  his  approbation 


558 


Appendix  No,  22. 


and  ready  concurrence  in  every  article  that  has  been  agreed  on 
between  us  ;  it  however  appears  upon  a  retrospect  of  the 
treaty,  that  our  zeal  to  complete  it  expeditiously  has  led  us 
into  the  admission  of  a  term  in  the  title  very  different  from  his 
meaning,  and  that  of  the  principal  officers  of  this  army,  who 
have  been  consulted  on  this  important  occasion.  We  have,  Sir, 
unguardedly  called  that  a  treaty  of  capitulation^  which  the  army 
means  only  as  a  treaty  of  convention.  With  the  single  altera- 
tion of  this  word,  Lieutenant-colonel  Sutherland  and  myself 
will  meet  you  at  the  stipulated  time  tomorrow  morning  with 
the  fair  copy  signed  by  General  Burgoyne. 

'* '  I  hope  Sir,  you  will  excuse  my  troubling  you  so  late,  but 
I  thought  it  better  than  by  any  delay  to  prevent  the  speedy 
conclusion  of  a  treaty  which  seems  to  be  the  wish  of  both 
parties,  and  which  may  prevent  the  further  effusion  of  blood 
between  us.     I  beg  your  immediate  answer,  and  am 

"  '  Sir.      Your  obedient  and  humble  servant 

"  *  James  Henry  Craig.  Capt.  47th  Reg. 

"  'Colonel  Wilkinson' 

"  *  Colonel    Wilkinson's    compliments    to    Captain    Craig, 
Major  general  Gates  will  admit  the  alteration  required. 
"  *  Oct.  15th, — at  night.* 

"  On  the  morning  of  the  i6th.  General  Gates  received 
another  message  from  General  Burgovne,  which  excited  a 
good  deal  of  surprise  and  some  indignation."* 

It  seems  that  Bi  /goyne  had  received  information  that  some 
of  Gates'  New  York  militia  had  left  the  preceding  night,  but 
the  real  motive  of  the  British  commander  is  thus  explained  by 
Gen.  Riedesel. — '*  The  unexpected  arrival  of  a  provincial  in 


Appendix  No.  22.  559 

the  night  at  once  put  a  stop  to  the  completion  of  the  treaty. 
Indeed  it  came  very  near  being  entirely  overthrown.  This  man 
stated  that  he  had  heard,  through  a  third  party,  that  General 
Clinton  had  captured  the  fortifications  on  the  highlands,  and 
had  arrived  with  the  troops  and  fleet  at  i^sopus  eight  days 
previous  ;  and  further,  that  by  this  time,  he  was  very  likely  at 
Albany.  Burgoyne  and  a  few  other  officers  were  so  en- 
couraged by  this  news,  that  they  were  greatly  in  favor  of 
breaking  the  treaty.  The  council  of  war  was  accordingly 
once  more  called  together,  and  the  following  questions  laid 
before  it: 

*'  ist.  Whether  a  treaty,  which  was  about  being  completed 
by  his  deputies,  and  which  he  himself  had  promised  to  sign, 
could  be  broken  ?  Fourteen  voices  against  eight  decided  this 
question  in  the  negative. 

"  id.  Whether  the  report  of  a  man,  whom  nobody  knew, 
was  sufficient  in  our  present  situation  to  justify  our  refusal  of 
so  advantageous  a  treaty  ?  The  same  number  of  votes  decided 
this  also  in  the  negative.  Nor  could  the  decision  have  been 
different.  Everything  rested  on  mere  hearsay.  Had  this 
man  been  sent  by  Clinton,  or  had  he  seen  the  army  himself, 
the  matter  would  have  been  very  different. 

"  3d.  Whether  the  common  soldiers  possessed  sufficient 
spirit  to  defend  the  present  position  of  the  army  to  the  last 
man  ?  All  the  officers  of  the  left  wing  answered  this  in  the 
affirmative.  Those  of  the  centre  and  left  wings  gave  a  similar 
answer,  provided  the  enemy  were  attacked  ;  but  the  men  were 
too  well  acquainted  with  their  defective  position  to  display  the 
same  bravery  in  case  they  were  themselves  attacked. 


560 


Appendix  No,  22. 


"  Finally,  in  order  to  gain  time,  it  was  resolved  that 
Burgoyne  should  inform  Gates  by  letter  that  he  had  been  told 
by  deserters  and  other  reliable  persons  that  he  had  sent  a  con- 
siderable corps  of  his  army  towards  Albany,  and  that  this  being 
contrary  to  all  faith,  he  (Burgoyne)  could  not  give  his  signature 
without  being  convinced  that  the  American  army  outnumbered 
his  own  by  at  least  three  or  four  to  one  ;  Gates  could  there- 
fore name  an  officer  of  our  army  who  might  see  for  himself 
the  number  of  the  enemy  ;  and  should  Burgoyne,  after  hearing 
this  officer's  report,  be  convinced  of  the  superior  numbers  of 
the  Americans,  he  would  at  once  sign  the  treaty.  General 
Gates  received  this  letter  with  considerable  nonchalance^  but 
replied  that  he  would  give  his  word  of  honor  that  his  aimy 
was  just  as  strong  now  as  it  was  previous  to  the  treaty,  and 
that  having  since  then  been  reinforced  by  a  iew  brigades,  it 
certainly  did  outnumber  ours  four  to  one,  and  this,  too, 
without  counting  those  troops  that  were  on  the  other  side  of 
the  Hudson  and  at  Half  Moon.  He  also  gave  Burgoyne  to 
understand  what  it  meant  to  break  his  word  of  honor,  and 
offered  to  show  his  whole  army  to  Burgoyne  after  the  latter 
had  signed  the  treaty,  when  he  would  find  that  everything  he 
had  stated  was  true.  He  then  closed  by  giving  Burgoyne  no 
longer  than  one  hour  in  which  to  answer,  stating  that  at  the 
expiration  of  that  time  he  would  adopt  the  most  stringent 
measures. "5 

The  one  hour  referred  to  by  Gen.  Riedesel  was  extended 
to  two  hours,  and  Wilkinson  says : — "  The  interview  with 
General  Burgoyne  had  been  spun  out  to  such  length,  that 
General  Gates  became  uneasy,  and  I  found  a  messenger 
waiting  at  our   picket,  to   know  what  I  had  done.     I   reported. 


Appendix  No.  22. 


561 


in  brief,  what  had  passed,  and  what  was  depending  ;  and  took 
a  station  near  the  ruins  of  General  Schuyler's  house,  where  I 
walked,  and  expected  with  much  anxiety,  the  result  of  General 
Burgoyne's  consultation  :  the  two  hours  had  elapsed  by  a 
quarter,  and  an  aid-de-camp  from  the  General  had  been  with 
me,  to  know  how  matters  progressed ;  soon  after  I  perceived 
Lieutenant-colonel  Sutherland  oppcjite  to  me,  and  beckoned 
him  to  cross  the  creek  ;  on  approaching  me  he  observed,  '  Well, 
our  business  will  be  knocked  on  the  head  after  all.'  I  in- 
quired why  ?  He  said,  *  the  officers  had  got  the  devil  in  their 
heads  and  could  not  agree.'  I  replied  gaily,  '  I  am  sorry  for  it, 
as  you  will  now  not  only  lose  your  fusee  '  (which  he  had 
owned  thirty-five  years,  and  had  desired  me  to  except  from  the 
surrendered  arms  and  save  for  him,  as  she  was  a  favorite 
piece),  *  but  your  whole  baggage.'  He  expressed  much  sorrow 
but  said  he  could  not  help  it.  At  this  moment  I  recollected 
the  letter  Captain  Craig  had  written  me  the  night  before,  and 
taking  it  from  my  pocket,  I  read  it  to  the  Colonel,  who 
declared  he  had  not  been  privy  to  it ;  and  added  with  evident 
anxiety,  *  Will  you  give  me  that  letter.'  I  answered  in  the 
negative,  and  observed, '  I  should  hold  it  as  a  testimony  of  the 
good  faith  of  a  British  commander.'  He  hastily  replied, 
*  Spare  me  that  letter.  Sir,  and  I  pledge  you  my  honour  I  will 
return  it  in  fifteen  minutes.'  I  penetrated  the  motive,  and 
willingly  handed  it  to  him  ;  he  sprang  ofF  with  it,  and  directing 
his  course  to  the  British  camp,  ran  as  far  as  I  could  see  him  : 
in  the  meantine  I  received  a  peremptory  message  from  the 
General  to  break  off  the  treaty,  if  the  convention  was  not 
immediately  ratified.  I  Informed  him  by  the  messenger,  that 
I  was  doing  the  best  I  could  for  him,  and  would  see  him  in 

7» 


562 


Appendix  No.  22. 


half  an  hour.  Colonel  Sutherland  was  punctual  to  his  promise, 
and  returned  with  Captain  Craig,  who  delivered  me  the  con- 
vention, signed  by  General  Burgoyne,  with  an  additional 
article  specifically  to  include  himself,  which  I  engaged  should 
be  admitted  by  General  Gates,  and  immediately  sent  to 
General  Burgoyne.  I  then  returned  to  head  quarters  after 
eight  hours  absence,  and  presented  to  General  Gates  the  im- 
portant document,  that  made  the  British  army  conventional 
prisoners  to  the  United  States."*   , 

Exactly  when  Lieut. -Col.  Sutherland  returned  to  England 
has  not  been  ascertained,  but  there  is  no  doubt  of  its  having 
been  prior  to  February,  1779,  as  he  was  commissioned  lieut.- 
colonel  of  the  Sutherland  Regiment  of  Fencible  men  in  North 
Britain,  Feb.  8,  1779.'  Gen.  Burgoyne  in  the  State  of  the 
Expedition,  when  reviewing  the  evidence  taken  before  a  com- 
mittee of  the  House  of  Commons  in  May  and  June,  1779,  uses 
this  language  : — *'  Of  forty  officers  or  more,  belonging  to  the 
Convention  troops,  then  in  England,  one  only  was  proposed 
to  be  called  on  his  Lordship's  (Lord  Germaine's)  part,  viz.: 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Sutherland,  of  the  47th  regiment,  upon 
parole  from  the  Congress,  and  acting  with  a  corps  of  the 
Fencible  Men  in  North  Britain  ;  but,  upon  further  reflection, 
his  Lordship  thought  proper  to  dispense  with  the  attendance  of 
this  officer."" 

Lieut.-Colonel  Sutherland  died  July  18,  1781.'  ['B.  H. 
•B.  J.  246,  247.  3M.  D.  222.  '•M.  T.  309-317.  5K.  M. 
183.     «B.  N.93.     ^K.O.] 


INDEX 


96, 97. 
144 


98, 


ACLAND,    Lady    Harriet,    liii,     Iv, 
Ixxxi,  106,  459. 
Maj.  John  Dyke,  xlvi,  lii,  88. 
Adams,  Mr.,  70. 

P»«y.  71,  73- 
Additionals,  152,  288. 
Additional  companies,  140,  141 
Advanced    corps,    90,  93, 

1091  '37,  138,  143.     .. 
composition  of,  159. 
Alarm  Post,  75. 

Albany,  46,  47,  71,  1,3,  116,  117,  132, 
202,  488,  526,  559. 
Eng.,  146. 
Alfred,  Am.  Cruiser,  17,  32. 
Allen,  Ethan,  liv,  Ivii,  157,  485,  4^2^ 

502,  509,  523,  524. 
American  Antiquarian  Society,  xiii,   28. 

prisoners,  treatment  of,  10 1. 
Ammunition  to  be  inspected,  188. 
carts  to  be  made,  249. 
.   .  how  distributed,  254. 

■   _  order  relating  to,  311. 

instruction  as  to,  180,  181. 
orders  as  to,  205,   242,  244,  247, 

*S3.  254,  263,  264,  316. 
rounds  of,  per  gun,  159. 
to  be  conveniently  stored,   1-79. 
Amusements  of  British  officers,  35. 
Anburey,    Thomas,    xcvii,   7,    86,   372, 

475,489,  491,499,  500. 
Andre,  Major,  378. 
Anhalt  Zerbet,  Regt.,  of,  386. 
Anstruther,    Lt.    Col.    John,    xlii,    102, 

117,  269,  277. 
Apothecaries  to  report  for  orders,  182. 
Arlington,  m,  114. 
Armand,  Col.,  348. 
Arms  to  be  inspected,  188. 
Army  Rank,    Ixxxvi. 
Arnold,   Benedict,    17,   29,   31,  57,  99, 
"6,336,  357,  356,445,  447,448, 
45O1  453- 


Arnold,  Benedict,  assault  on  Quebec,  50. 
order    after  battle    of   Free- 
man's Farm,  28. 
regt.  of,  442. 

retreat   from     Valcour    bay, 
24- 
Articles  of  war  to  be  read,  232 
Artificers,  84,  153,  ,97,  ,99,  '^o^^  ^^^ 

206,  324. 
Artillery,  38,  83,   9,,  92,   ,4,  ^g,   144, 

147,  149,  150.  15*,  iSh  189, 

*77,  289. 
ammunition,  179,  180. 
and  stores,  disposition  of,  200, 
boats,  31. 
brigade,  90. 

to  disembark,  183. 
with  Fraser's  corps,  247. 
brigades,  composition  of,  179. 

entrenching    tools  for,   170 
cantonment,  190. 
carts,  how  to  be  loaded,  309. 
comm'y  of  horses,  310.' 
detachments,  how  made,  252. 
disposition    for   campaign  of    i-^ne 
250.  "    ' 

exercise,  319. 
fault  found  with,  307. 
horses,  188. 

men    to  serve    in   working    parties. 
219.  ' 

order  relating  to,  17a. 

Park,  140,  143,  319. 

position  at  St.  John's,  267. 

practice,  208,  247. 
quarters,  187. 
returns  called  for,  192. 
silence  urged  in  use  of,    180. 
stores,  order  relating  to,  316. 
to  be  inspected  on  march,  312, 
transports,  200,   212. 
under  comm'y  of  provisions,  an, 
Atherton,  Mr.,  71.  ^ 


5^ 


Index, 


'V 


Aubrey,  Capt.  Thomas,  xcii,  170,   321, 

3^5- 
Auguste,  the  ship,  520. 
wreck  of,  521. 
Authorities,  xii,  xvii. 

BAGGAGE,  carriages    required    for, 
187. 
guard,  139. 

to  be  sicic  men,  188. 
money,  209,  216,  217. 
officers    advised    to    deposit    heavy, 

191. 
to  be  burned,  when,  311. 
Bailey,  Gen.  Jacob,  28. 
Baillie,  Lt.  Alex.,  291. 

Maclcay  Hugh,  xlviii. 
Balcarres,  Earl,  xlvi,  xlvii,  Hi,  88,  333, 

336,  462,  489. 
Baldwin,  Lt.  Charles,  214. 
Barner  Battallion,  Ixxix,  36. 
Barnes,  Lt.  John,  xlii,  xlviii,  Ixxiv,  251. 
Barre,  Col.,  216. 
Barrington,  Lord,  xc,  433. 
Bat  horses,  iii,  113,  139,  142,  153. 
men,    113,  139. 
monty,  209,  216,  217. 
Batting  regulations,  195. 
Batteaux,  i,  44,  80,  82,  85,  94,  95,  96, 
97,    100,    140,    143,    144,    153, 
200,  211,  258,  281. 
allotment  of,  80. 

carrying  capacity  to  be  tested,  280. 
Mr.  Corbin  in  charge  of,  274. 
Mr.  Landrief  inspector  of,  at  Mon- 
treal,  193.  .., 
to  be  examined,  302. 
Batten  Kill,  iii,  117,  119,  138,  144. 
Battle,  Order  in  prospect  of,  161, 
Baum,  Lt.  Col.,  Ivi,  Ivii,  Ixxviii,  66,  in, 
118,  120,  129,    130,    133,  136, 

^Sii  =94.  479.  514.  530- 
Bayonet,  advantages  of,  74. 
Beacroft,  Lt.  Richard,  293,  324. 
Beau,  Aimable  le,  244. 
Beef  rations  ordered,  243. 
Belloeil  (Belleisle),  243.  ',      ^ 

Bell  tents,  75. 
Bells  of  arms,  75,  76. 
Bemus   Heights,   Battle  of,  li,  Uii,  334. 

347,  S>3- 


Bennington,  Battle  of,  Ivi,  Ixxvi,  Ixxix, 

66,  III,  118,  474,  530. 
Bingley,  Lord,  388,  389. 
Biographical  notices  : 
Acland,  John     Davids,         Daniel, 

Dyke,  liii.  =94 

Anburey,  Thomas,  Douglas,  Sir  Chas., 

xcvii.  296. 

Anstruther,    John,  Duer,  Wm.,  118. 

102.  Dunbar,        James, 
Arnold,     Benedict,  206. 

24.  Duport,        Robert, 
Aubrey,     Thomas,  261. 

321.  \  Dupree,    St.   Geo., 

Baillie,  Alex.,  291.  276. 

Balcarres,    Earl   of,  Durnford,  Andrew, 

333-  '33- 

Baum,     Frederick,  Duvernet,   Abram, 

III.  225. 

Beacroft,    Richard,  Dysart,       Richard, 

293.  251- 

Blomefield,  Thos.,      England,        Poole, 

361.  14'- 

Bolton,         Mason,  Farquahar,     Wm., 

260.  291. 

Borthwick,    Wm.,  Forbes,        Gordon, 

78.  162. 

Boucherville,Capt.,  Forster,  George,  99. 

471.  Foy,  Edward,   381. 

Breymann,     Hein-  Francis,    Ebenezer, 

rich  C,  66.  85. 

Brudenel,   Edward,  Eraser,  Alex.,  473. 

106,  218.  Simon,  454. 

Burgoyne,      John,  Freeman,       Quinn 

387.  John,  176. 

Carleton     Christo-  French,       Arthur, 

pher,  20.  214. 

Sir  Guy,  429.  Jeremiah,  545. 

Thomas,  19.  Gall,  Col.,  36. 

Carter,  John,  91.  Gardner,  Henry  F., 

Chatham,  2d   Earl  242. 

of,  215.  Gilliland,Wm.,  57. 

Clerges,       George,  Gordon,         Harry, 

215  17=. 

Clerke,  Sir  Francis  Patrick,  4. 

C,  145.  Gregg,  Wm.,    122. 

Collier,  Wm.,  173.  Hadden,    Jas.    M., 

Cox,  Wm.,  223.  xli. 

Currie,  Sam'l,  208.  Robert,  51. 

Dacres,  James   R.,  Hale,           Nathan, 

31-  483- 


Index, 


5^5 


Hamilton,    Gusta- 

vus,  Z14. 
James,  468. 
Harnage,      Henry, 

269. 
Harrington,       Earl 

oFxlix,  367. 
Herrick,      Samuel, 

124. 
Hill,  John,  89. 
Hobart,         David, 

126. 
Hosmer,    Thomas, 

156. 
Houghton,     Wm., 

209. 

Sir    Wm., 


Ebenezer, 


Howe, 

373- 
Jessup, 

67. 

Edward,  67. 
Johnson,  Sir  John, 

201. 
Jones,  Thos.,  50. 

Valentine,  48. 
Kennedy,      Hugh, 

229. 
Kingston,    Robert, 

62. 
Knox,  Rob't,  218. 
Lamb,  Roger,  xciii. 
Lanaudiere,    Chas. 

L.  T.,de,  135. 
Law,  George,  137. 
Littlejohn,     Capt., 

546. 
Lord,  Simeon,  323. 
Macdonell,    John, 

290. 
McFarlane,    Wm., 

215. 
McKay,      Samuel, 

39. 
Maclean,       Allan, 

547- 
Merida,  Edward  F., 

211. 
Mitchelson,  Walt., 

79- 
Money,  John,  225. 

Monin, ,  65. 


Murray,  Jas.,   10. 
Nairne,  John,  284. 
Nesbit,  Wm.,  175. 
Nichols,        Moses, 

123. 
Norman,   Richard, 

246. 
Nutt,  George    A., 

44- 
O'Connell,  Lauren- 

tius,  294. 
Pausch,  Capt.,  79. 
Peters,  John,  477. 
Petersham,     Lord, 

see    Harrington, 

Earl  of. 
Phillips,    William, 

343- 
Phister,       Francis, 

134- 
Pitt,   John.       See 

Chatham. 
Pomeroy,     Arthur 

J.,  210. 
Powell,  Henry  W., 

464. 
Power,  Jas.,  265. 
T.        Bolton, 

264. 
Pringle,     Thomas, 

17- 
Reid,  Geo,  no. 
Riedesel,  Fred.  A., 

37. 
Rimington,  Sam'l, 

310. 
Rotten,  John,  213. 
St.     Leger,    Barry, 

45- 
St.  Luc,  La  Corne, 

S'7- 
Saunders,  Alex.,  6. 
Schank,  John, 537. 
Scott,  Alex.,  206. 
Skene,  Philip,  505. 
Smith,    Wm.     P., 

178. 
Specht,  Johann  F., 

45- 
Steele,       Thomas, 

337- 


Twl«s,  Wm.,  169. 
Valiancy,     George 

P.,  293. 
Walker,  Ellis,  154. 
Waterbury,    David, 

439- 
Wilford,     Richard 

R.,  xlix. 
Williams,  Griffith, 

.56. 

John 


York, 
178. 


H., 


xlviii,     li, 
'54,   a74j 


Stephens,    George, 

215. 
Stevelly,      Joseph, 

266. 
Stickncy,  Thomas, 

126. 
Stopford,  Jos.,  2. 
Storey,       Thomas, 

177. 
Sutherland,    Nich., 

Tayler,    Wm.    T., 

324. 
Birch  bark  canoes,  19. 
Biscerne,  Capt.,  191. 
Blandford  churchyard,  359. 
Blane,  Sir  Gilbert,  298,  300. 
Block-houses,  54. 
Blomefield,  Capt.  Thomas, 
Ixxiv,  3,  156,  168, 
320,  361. 
Boat  drill,  224,  249,  258. 
Boats  to  a  battalion,  279. 
Bolton,  Jamei  Clinton,  xli. 

Lt.  Col.  Mason,  260,  278,  467. 
Borthwick,  Capt.  Wm.,  xlii,  xlviii,  Ixxiv, 
78,  102,  225. 

brigade    of,   90,    199,    207, 

251,  287,  465. 
company  of,  80,  250,  253. 
Boston,  116,  330,  374,  378,  395,  548. 
Boucherville,  48,  185,  472,  524. 
family,  518. 

Capt.,  Ixxx,  iS3t  471,473- 
corps  of,  65. 
Marie  Anne  M.  B.  de,  535. 
Bouquet  Ferry,  55,  58,  62, 

"»er,  57,  58. 
Bouton,  J.  W.,  XXXV. 
Braddock,  Gen.,  529. 
Brattleborough,   113. 
Bread  for  rhe  troops,  191. 
Breymann,  Lt.   Col.,  Ivi,   Ixxviii,   Ixxix, 
66,  118,  120,  136,  iss,  530. 
corps  of,    82,  93,  119,    147, 

149.  153.  159- 
Bricklayers  wanted,  248,  254. 

Bridge  of  logs,  137. 

over  Hudson   river,  147,    150,  151. 

Bridget  to  be  repaired,  235. 

Brigade  ais't  comm'y,  195. 


S66 


Index, 


Brigades*  weekly    return,     how    made, 

212. 

British  army  in  Canada,  36,  49. 

army  lists,  xcix. 

contempt  for  German  troops,  Ixxxv. 

fleet  on  Lake  Champlain,  53. 

foot  reg'ts,  organization,  Ixx. 

national  ensign,  52. 

officers  to  dress  like  privates,  Ixxi. 

prisoners,  treatment  of,  40. 
British  Regts  : 

i6tli  [Queen's]  Dragoons,  xlviii,   59, 

387,  39*,  393- 
Foot. 

8th  [King's],  201. 
9th,  44,  68,  89,  90,  92,  94,  146,  1 52, 
159,  163,   164,    166,   176,   2*6, 
258,   267,  270,  271,  274,  277, 
278,  279,  283,  286,   339,  341, 
401,  402,  464,  469, 
colors  saved,  90,  400. 
embarks  for  Canada,  Ixvii. 
record,  Ixv. 
strength,  lix. 
uniform,  Ixxii. 
20th,  44,  54,  68, 145,  147,  IS*.  159. 
166,  184,  289,  464,  469. 
embarks  fur  Canada,  Ixvii. 
record,  Ixiv,  Ixv. 
strength,   lix. 
uniform,  Ixxii. 
aist,  [Royal  North  British  Fuzileers], 
Ixxiv,  44,  68.  97,   98,   99,  147, 
152,   159,   164,  176,    i8Si   187, 
189,   216,  233,    23s,  257,    259, 
267,   268,   270,  271,    272,  277, 

*79.  464.  469- 
embarks  fur  Canada,  Ixvii. 
record,  Ixii. 
strength,    lix. 
uniform,  Ixxii. 
24th,lxi,  44,  152,  159,  164,184,185, 

186,  187,  190,  293, 
embarks  for  Canada,  Ixvii. 
record,  Ixv. 
strength,  lix. 
uniform,  Ixxii.. 
aytli,  38, 49,  183,  190, 201,  259,  278, 

282,  283,    286,  288,  293,   372. 
embarks  fur  Canada,  Ixvi. 


British  Regts : 

29th,  Flank  Co's..   lix.  44. 
grenadier  Co.,  333,  368. 
record,  Ixv. 
uniform,  Ixxii. 
3i8t,lix,  49, 176,  21 6,  279,  *9*.464. 
466,  552. 
embarks  for  Canada,  Ixvii. 
Flank  Cos  ,  lix,  44. 
record,  Ixv. 

trouble  about  rum,  299,  302. 
uniform,  Ixxii. 

33d.  48. 

detachment  in  Canada,  Ix,  44,  67, 

320. 

embarks  for  America,  Ixix, 

ordered  to  Canada,  Ixviii. 

record,  Ixv. 

uniform,  Ixxii. 
34tk,  lix,  44,  49,  233,  279,  386,  464, 
469. 

embarks  fur  Canada,  Ixvii. 

Flank  Co's.,  lix,  44. 

recurd,  xlvi. 

unifurm,  Ixxii. 
47th,  44,    68,    144,   147,    146,   152, 

160,  175,  194,  288,  321,  325,  464, 

record,  Ixvi,  Ixviii. 
-  strength,  lix.  ■ 

trouble  about  rum,  299. 
uniform,  Ixxii. 
53d,  44,  68,117,159,185,  187,  189, 

*34.  *79.  464.  465,  769. 
embarks  for  Canada,  Ixvii. 
record,  Ixvi.  '  • 

strength,  lix. 
uniform,  Ixxii. 
60th  [Royal  American,  62d],  account 

of.  55S- 
62d,  44,  68,  102,103,  U7,  147.  I5*» 
159,  164,  165,  166,  233,  249, 
258,  259,  267,  268,  270,  272, 
274,  277,  278,  279,  283,  286, 
289,  464,  465,  469. 

embarks  for  Canada,  Ixvii, 

record,  Ixvi,  555. 

strength,  lix. 

uniform,  Ixxii.  -  \ 

74th  [Argyle's  Highlanders],  l6z. 


Index. 


567 


British  Regts  : 

76tb      [Macdonald's      Highlanders], 

290. 
77th  [Montgomery's  Highlanders,  ist 

Highland  Batt.,62d],  account  of, 

554- 
78ca   [Fraser's  Highlanders,  2d  High- 
land    Bjtt.,     63d]     account    of, 
290. 
84th    [Royal    Highland    Emigrants], 
73.  190.  466. 
formation  of  548,  549,  152. 
85th  [Royal  volunteers],  369. 
114th  [Royal  Highland    Vols.],   548. 
Queen's  Luval   Rangers,  477,  479. 
Royal     Regt.,  of     N.    Y.    [Queen's 
Loyal        Americans,      Johnson's 
Greens],  69,  202. 
Royal  artillery,  Ivi,  Ix,  44,  50,  78,  79, 
91,   102,   no,    140,   154,    156, 
168,   172,    178,  182;  209,    211, 
223,  225,  250,  310,  343,  386. 
band,  244. 
detachment     embarks       for 

Canada,  Ixvii. 
orgai.ization,  Ixxiv. 
uniform,  Ixxii. 
•       borse  art'y,  xliv. 
engineers,  Ixxvi. 
British  regiments,  when   iirst  numbered, 
Ixii. 
royal  standard,  52. 
soldiers  quartered  on  Canadians,  36. 
troops'  cantonments,  190. 
British  war  ships  : 

Aeolus,  333.  Cerberus,  374,  395, 

Amazon,  Ixviii.  403- 

Andromeda,  378.       Ceres,  17,  32. 
Apollo,  396.  Daedalus,  18. 

Ariadne,  17,18,32.      Duke,  298. 
Assistance,  299.  Elizabeth,  537. 

Barfleur,  32,  538.        Emerald,  296,  537. 
Blonde,    Ixvii,    31,     Expedition,  32. 

177,  344,  395.        Formidable,   298. 
Cambridge,  361.  Fortune,  32. 

Canceaux,  539.  Fowey,  384. 

Carleton,       Ixxvii,     Garland,  Ixxiii. 
23,26,   31,    32,     Genoa  Galley,  385. 
53,     270,    272,     Grampus,  403. 
273,    277,    280,     Guerriere,  34. 
2^3«  S4°-  Helena,  32. 


Inflexible,  53,  539,     Princess      Amelia, 

.540.  537. 

Isis,       Ixvi,      296,     Racehorse,  32. 
368,  396.  Raisonable,  18. 

Jersey,  29,  53.  Roy?l       Charlotte, 

Juno,  Ixvii,  403.  451. 

Lee,  29,  53.  George,       18, 

Lord  Howe,  17.  44,  53. 

Maria,  17,  53,  57,     St.  Albans,  296. 

540.  Surprise,  Ixvi,  297. 

Marten,    Ixvi,    32,     Syren,  296. 
297.  Tartar,  552. 

Montreal,         385,     Tremendous,  18. 

436.  Valiant,  18. 

Niger,  Ixviii.  Wa8hington,29,53. 

Perseus,  32.  Wolverine,  544. 

Preston,  538.  Zebra,  32. 

Bromhead,  Lt.  Gonville,  xlviii. 
Broughton,  the  pugilist,  death  of,  228. 
Brown,  Mr.,  wounded,  31. 
Col.  John,  125,  465. 
Capt.,  in  British  navy,  149. 
Town  Major  of  Cambridge,  348. 
Lt.  Richard  shot,  348. 
Brudenell,  Rev.   Edward,  Iv,  106,   218, 

460. 
Brunswick,  38,  45. 
Duke  of,  66. 
dragoon  reg't,  1 11. 
grenadier  batt.,  294. 
guards,  294. 
Brunswickers,  Ixvii,  Ixviii,  Ixxvii,  37,  45, 
66,    159,    183,   249,    289,    302, 
303,  384. 
first  detachment,  37. 
in  Canada,  36. 
Brymnur,  Douglas,  xiv. 
Buchanan,  Ensign  Wm.,  xlviii. 
Bunker  Hill,  battle  of,  Iv,  395. 
Burgoyne,  Gen.   John,  xlvi,  xlviii,  Ixix, 
Ixxx,  17,  35,  43,47,49,52,  53, 
65.  69,    94,  96,   138,  162,   139, 
140,    146,  152,   165,    167,  I7S, 
176,  208,   346,  376,    385,  387, 
433.  460,  463.  465.475'    5«3. 
557- 

another,  387. 
Sir  John  Fox,  426. 
Burgoyne's  army  organization,  68,  152. 
strength,  lix. 
art'y,  Ixxiv. 


568 


Index, 


Burgoyne's  baggage,  Gen.  Phillips   order 
on,  314. 
biographers'  looseness,  x. 
Brig.  Gens.,  Ixxxvii. 
Canadians,  Ivii,  Ix. 
engineers,  Ixxvi, 
errors,  Ixxx. 
escort,  97. 

expedition's  embarkation,  306. 
German  troops,  Ixxvii. 
Indians,  Iviii,  Ix,  Ixxx,  15. 
instructions  to  Col.  Baum,  ill. 
naval  officers,  Ixxvi. 
officers'  personnel,  xlvi. 
Orderly  Book  criticised,  zxxvii. 
orders,    30,    237,    238,    241,    343, 

24Si  »S8,   3»'.   3*6,  ^^^,   3*8. 

330,  338. 
popularity  with  his  officers,  Ixxxiv. 
provincials,   Ivii,   Ix,    Ixxix,   Ixxxr, 

7'- 
proclamation,  59,   114. 

troops,  44. 

uniforms,  Ixxii. 

Burke,  Edmund,  410,  412,  413,  420. 

CABRIOLING,  41. 
Cadariqui  or  Catariqui,  471. 
Calashes,  188,  235. 

returns  of,  cal  jd  for,  193. 
fine  for  taking  without  leave,  187. 
Calendar  for  1776. 
1777. 
Cambridge,  Mass.,  349,  399. 

orders  issued   at,    327,    328, 

330.  337,  338.  341. 

N.  H.,  122. 
Camp  cleanliness  enjoined,  75. 

colours,  143. 

colour  men,  143,  147,  302,  303. 

equipage  to  be  sent  for,  191. 
Campbell,  Capt.  Alexander,  xlvii. 

Maj.  John,  530,  535. 
Canada,  dept.  of  agriculture  of,  xiii. 

headquarters,  35. 
Canadian  climate,  39,  40. 

deserters,  46. 

political  parties,  534. 

staff  under  Sir  G.  Carlcton,  175.      ' 

troops,  44,  65,  476. 

under  Burgoyne,  Ivii. 


Canadians,  98,  134,  136,  153,  159. 

to  work  on  roads,  etc.,  189. 
Cannon,  Richard,  400. 
Cantonments  for  British  troops,  190. 
Cape  Diamond,  170, 
Capt. -Lieut  ,  grade   discontinued,   Ixxiii, 

Ixxv. 
Carbines  for  Serjeants  and  corporals,  210. 
Carleton,  Christopher,  20. 

Island,  261,  322,   541. 

Lady  Anne,  21. 

Maria,  21,  35,  438. 

Sir  Guy,  Ixviii,  xcii,  4,    17,  19,  30, 

3',  34.  35.  46,  481  51.  S7i  69, 
'39i  '67,  175,  176,  i86,  242, 
^76,  345,  377,  385.  4iOi  419, 
44S,  45',  465.  524. 

orders  by,  7,  168,  175,  176, 
259,  279. 
Thomas,  j^,  185,    186,    187,  189, 
264,  265,  291,  386. 
Carriages  for  baggage,  return  of,  187. 

and  horses,  order  as  to,  197. 
Carrying    Place   of    Lake    George,     see 

Portage. 
Carter,  Capt.   John,   79,   91,  155,    179, 

^47,  3>o,  3'9,  3^0. 

art'y    brigade    of,    250, 

=^52-  153,  3'7- 
company  of,   199,251. 
John,  401. 
Cartridges  for  exercise,  205. 
Carts,  cha'ge  of,  228. 

fine  for   taking  without   paying  for, 

193. 
order   as  to,    149,    151,    311,    313, 

314- 

misuse  uf,  148. 
return  of  called  for,  258. 
Castleton,  93. 
Caulfield,  Miss  Susan,  426. 
Cedars,  9,  99,  223,  472. 

prisoners  taken  at,  406,  415. 
Centre  column,  149,  152. 
Chambers,  Lt.  Wm.,  542,  543. 
Chambly,  2,  5,  15,   50,  185,    187,   190, 
197,    205,  208,   211,  213,  225, 
230,  240,    254,  261,  263,  267, 
268,    279,   287,  289,  292,   293, 

539- 
artificers  for,  203. 


Index, 


5(^9 


Chambly,  artillery  and  store!  sent  to,  199, 
aoo,  201. 

guns  to  be  sent  to,  224. 

batteries    to    be   constructed,    131. 

sick  to  be  sent  to. 
Chaplains'  names  to  be  reported,  161. 
Charettes  for  the  baggage,  188. 
Charles  River,  1 1. 
Charleston,  S.  C,  Ixix. 
Chasseurs,  85,  92,  118,  152. 

Wirtemburg,  46. 

tee  Hanau. 

Hessian. 
Chatham  Barracks,  65. 

2d  Earl  of,  215. 
Chesterfield,  4th  Earl  of,  1,  367. 
Children    to    be    taken    to    Montreal, 

»8o. 
Chimney  Point,  306,  466,  552. 

force  at,  82. 
Civil  Branch,  discipline  of,  232. 
Cleanliness  to  be  enforced,  255,  256. 
Clerges,  George,  215,  266. 
Clerke,  Sir  Francis  Carr,  xlvii,  xlix,  62, 

US- 
Clinton,    Sir    Henry,     271,    355,    374, 

378.  39S.  436- 
Clothing  for  British  army,  38,   193. 
convention  troops,  328. 
Cochnawau^'as,  51. 
Cogan,  letter  to  Gen.  Stark,    from,  435, 

488. 
Colden,  Lieut. -Gov.,  522. 
Collier,  Litut.  Wm.,  173,  319,  320. 
Commission    on    Am.  Loyalists'  claims, 

20,  64. 
Comm'y  Gen'l.,  196. 

of  Artillery's  duties,  212,  213. 
material  to  go  on  the  lake,  254, 
Conductors,  158. 
of  horses,  317. 

stores  for  Art'y  Brigade,  179. 
how  attached,  253. 
Connecticut  River,  ill,  509. 
Continental  battalions,  86. 
Convalescents,  order  relating  to,  285. 
Coolness  urged  upon  the  troops,  180. 
Cook,  Orderly  Book  of  Col.  Thaddeus, 

28. 
Convention  troops,   account!  of  supplies 
for,  350. 

7a 


Convention  troops,  British  ministry'i 
treatment  of,    355,  IJ356. 

clothing  for,  328.i^i^.^.j 

desertion  of,  329,  331. 

discipline  of,  317,  328,  329, 
338. 

liniiti  of  parole  of,  337. 

parades  of,  340. 

passes  for.   331. 

Phillips  commands,   348. 

prisoners  of  war  mixed  with, 

337- 

transports  for,  330. 

vegetables  for,   332. 
Coraces,  275. 
Corbin,  Mr.,  in  charge  of  the  batteaux, 

*74- 
Cork,  Ireland,  Ixvii,  Ixix. 
Corn,  crops  of  inhabitants  to  be  accomO' 
dated  in  barn*,  255. 
powder,   158. 
Cornwallis,  Earl,  Ixix,  xcvi,  52,  171. 

exchange  of,  420,  422. 
Corvees,  223,  275,  276. 
Countersigns  : 

Albany,  229.  Detroit,  295. 

Aleppo,  305.  Dublin,  223,  249. 

America,  260.  England,  230. 

Austria,  305.  Esopus,  280. 

Beck,  192.  Flanders,  255. 

Bedford,  241.  Florence,  234,  262. 

Belleul,  272.  Florida,  288. 

Bie,  183.  Friezland,  304, 

Boston,  282.  Georgia,   288. 

Bouchcrville,  216.       Germany,  256. 
Bristol,    193,   248,     Gibraltar,  258. 

281.  Hanover,  223,  242, 

Britain,  184.  303. 

Bruges,  194  Hesse,  305. 

Brunswick,  296.  Holland,  255 

Brussels,  239.  Hume,  239. 

Canada,   183,  223.      Ireland,  262. 
Canterbury,  236.         Isle  aux  Noix,  198, 
Carlisle,  250.  265. 

Carolina,  288.  Julien,  304. 

Cedars,  295.  La  Chine,  275. 

Chamblee,  210.  La  Galette,  295. 

Chester,  239.  La  Prairie,  201. 

Crown  Point,  195,     Lapland,  304. 

277.  Lebanon,  283. 

Denmark,  254.  Liverpool,  254. 


570 


Index, 


London,  243.  Poland,  Z58. 

Longueil,  ao8.  Portugal,  263. 

Lorraine,  304.  Prague,  304. 

Louiiiana,  19a.  Prussia,  304. 

Ludlow,  141.  Quebec,  209,  281. 

Lyons,  306.  Rome,  263. 

Magdeburg,  295.  Russia,  304. 

Maryland,  229.  Scotland,  262. 

Michilimac!ne,295.     Sorcl,     191,     I99» 
Milan,  238,  266. 

Montreal,  188,208,     Spain,  263. 
266.  Stade,  302. 

Moselle,  304.  Sweden,   262,  304. 

Munster,  303.  Three  Rivers,  201, 

Naples,  238,  265.  285. 

Newport,  194.  Ticonderoga,  278. 

New    York,     224,     Turkey,  259. 

228,280.  Verenne,  182,212. 

Ostend,  190.  Venice,  237. 

Oswegatchie,  295.       Vercherre,  213. 
Oswego,  295.  Virginia,  228,  286, 

Oxford,  245.  Warwick,  241. 

Paris,  243,  313.  Westminster,   246. 

Philadelphia,    225,     Windsor,  282,  295. 
180.  Worcester,  233. 

>   Pointc   aux  Trem-     York,  233. 
bles,  211,  222. 
Countersigns,  when  use  of  relaxed,  256. 

required,  257. 
Court  martial  to  try  deserters,  260. 
judge  advocate  of,  262. 
proceedings  of,  265. 
of  inquiry,  289. 
Couteau  du  Lac,  47. 
Cox,  Lt.  Wm.,  223,  319. 
Craig,    Capt.    James    H.,   xlvii,  Iv,  88, 

45».  557.  56'- 
Cranes,  The,  143. 
Crown  Point,  24,  29,  30,   34,  65,    79» 

82,   93,  305,    306,    431.   43*. 

509-         .    .        - 

description  of,  33. 

orders   issued   at,   305,  306. 

Cruelty  to  loyalists,  128. 

Cummerland  Head,  55,  65,  449. 

Richard,  299 

Cumberland,  see  Cumberland. 

Curry,  Lt.  Samuel,  208. 

ACRES,  James  Richard,  31,   169 

177.  170.  »97- 


D 


Davids,  Daniel,  294,  319. 
Dead  shells,  158. 
Deer,  106. 

island,  322. 
Delaware  river,   330. 
Demerara,  surrender  of,  64. 

Depeyster,— 134- 

Gen.  J.  Watts,  xiii,  204. 
Depot  of  provisions,  144. 
Dep.  Comm'y  Gen'l,  196. 
Derby,  nth  Earl  of,  391. 

1 2th  Earl  of,  427. 

family,  392,  394. 

races,  427. 
Deserters  caught,  245. 

to  be  court  martialed,  160. 
Details  by  roster,  173. 
Detroit,  541. 

force  at,  50. 
Devonshire,  transport,  201. 
Diamond  Island,   125,   144,  214,   3x1, 

3»5- 
Discipline   of    convention    troops,    327, 

318,  329,  330,  338. 
Dorchester,  Lord,  see  Carleton,  Sir  Guy. 
Douglas,  Sir  Charles,  26,  296,  537. 
Dovegot,  151. 
Doyle,  Lt.  Wm.,  xlviii. 
Dragoon  regt.  of  Brunswickers,  III. 
Drill,  boat,  224,  249,  258. 
style  of  ordered,  197. 
with  guns,  221. 
Drum  calls,  8x. 
Duer,   Wm.,  118. 

Duer's  house,  in,   "7.  "9.  »43.  3*3' 
Dunbar  James,  206,  208,  251,  310. 
Dundas,  Col.  Thomas,  ao,  64. 

Gen,,  18,  371. 
Dung,  Canadian  waste  of,  H. 
Dunmore,  Earl  of,  381. 
Duport,  Lt.,  Robert,  261. 
Dupret,  see  Dupree 
,     Dupree,  St.  George,  276. 

Durnford,  Lt.  Andrew,  Ixxvi,  133.     , 
Duvernet,  Lt.  Abram,  225. 
Dysart,    Lt.   Richard,    251,   186,    319, 
320. 

ELBE,  German  troops  sail  from,  37. 
Emmet,    Dr.   T.    A.,  xiii,    338, 


345.353- 


Index. 


S7^ 


England,  Lt.  Poole,  141. 
Capt.  Richard,  xlviii. 
Engineer  corps,  277. 
En  potence  explained,  160. 
Entrenching  tools,  180,  181. 

for  art'y  Brigades,  179. 
how  distributed,  254. 
t      Ethrington,  see  Hetherington. 

Excursions  by  officers  to  be  be  restrained, 

Exmouth,  Lord,  Ixxvi,  31,  385. 

FARQUAHAR,     Capt.-Lt.    Wm., 
291. 
Farren,  Miss,  the  actress,  427. 
Fascines  to  be  made,  237,  274. 
Feet,  order  relating  to,  185. 
Ferris,  Squire,  47. 
Feu  de  joie,  93,  102. 
Firemaster's  duties,  209. 
Firing,  orders  for  quick,  219,  210. 
First  Brigade,  British,  68,  109,  176,  218, 
238,   248,  249,  257,   259,   282, 
489,  292,  303,  464,  469. 

brigade  major,  177. 

German,  Ixxix,  45,  68. 
Fish,  54. 

Fishkill,  the,  63,  114. 
Fitch,  Dr.  on  Philip  Skene,  507,  516. 
Five  mile  island,  Ixxxiv. 
Flags  of  Burgoyne's  army,  397. 
Flat   Rock,  58. 
Fleche,  75. 

Fletcher,  Ebenezer,  496,  500. 
Flour  casks  to  be  returned   empty,  234. 
Foot  Guards'  double  rank,  xcii. 
Forage  money,  216,  326. 

for  staff,  218. 
Foragers,  order  relating  to,  1 5 1. 
Foraging,  order  against,  160. 
Forbes,  Maj.  Gordon,  xlvii,  162,163,164. 
Forestalling  to  be  prevented,  195. 
Forster,  Maj.  George,  9,  99,  4»6. 
Fort  Ann,  Ixxxii,   Ixxxiii,    21,   89,   90, 

9*.  94,  9S»  96.   97.   98,  110, 
140,  226, 

order  issued  at,  97. 
Fort   Edv.'ird,  Ixxx,   Ixxxiii,   Ixxxir,  88, 
89,    98,    103,    107,    108,    109, 
438,  140,    142. 

order  issued  at,  310. 


Fort   George,   ilii,   Ixxxii,   Ixxxiii,    105, 
107,    108,   no,  117,  138,140, 

•44,  JiS'. 

order  issued  at,  310. 
Fort  Henry,  107. 
Fort   Miller,  Ix,  no,  117,  140. 
Fort  Stanwix  (Schuyler),  46,  47,  202. 
Fort  William  Henry,  Iviii,  107,  519. 
Fortifying  recommended,  70. 
Four  Brothers  Island,   55. 
Fourteen  Mile  Island,  104. 
Fox,  Charles  Jaires,  397,  404,  426. 
Fox's  Mill's,  203 
Foy,  Capt.  Edward,  10,  20,  276. 

Dcp.  Adj.-Gen.,  168, 
widow  of,  20. 
Francis,  Ebenezer,   85,   485,  494,  495. 
regt.    of,    494,    495,    496, 
502,  503. 
Franklin,  Benj.,  410,  422,  528. 
to  Burke,  412,  415. 
R.  R.  Livingston,  421. 
Eraser,   Capt.    Alexander,    liv,    66,    78, 
140,  262,  265,  266,  292,  473. 
corps  of,   115,  152. 
rangers  of,  Ixxx,  1 1 1, 474. 
Brig.  Gen.  Simon,  li,  Ixvii,  Ixxxviii, 
«■'.  45.  53.  55.  65.  79.  »».  83, 
85.  9>.  93.  95.  "7.  «i8,  144, 
152,  154,   163,  166,  175,   177, 
224,  236,  246,  269,  179,  334, 

400.454.  473.490- 

Lt.    Grn.    Simon,   290,  334,  454. 

Eraser's  Brigade,  Ixxii,  81,  82,  83,   176, 

249.  289,  334. 

corps,  78.    95,  97,    98,  no,    147, 

152,  161,   164,  203,    247,  251, 

475- 

art'y  with,  250. 

cantoment  of,  190. 

composition  of,  159. 

guns  attached  to,  154. 
Freeman,  Quin  John,  xlviii,  176. 
Freeman's  Farm,  battle  of,  xlii,  27,  103, 

«6».  347- 
house,  163. 
French,  Lt.  Arthur,  214. 

Maj.  Christopher,  40,  41,  114. 
Jeremiah,  202,  545. 
Frostbitten  men,  37. 
Fuzileer  corps  subalterns,  Ixsiii. 


572 


Index. 


GAGE'S  HILL,   107. 
Galineri  Farm,   57. 
Gall,  Brig.-Gen.,  l»i,  Uxix,  36,  45,  68, 

1 59.  a64- 
Gardner,  Capt.  Henry  F.,  142. 
Garrison,  courtmartial  detail,  284. 
Gates,  Gen.,  liv,  Ixxxi,  Ixxxiv,  27,  62, 
103,  125,145,397,445.488.557- 
duel  with  Wilkinson,  401. 
opinion  oF  Burgoyne's  delay, 
Ixxxiii. 
papers,  xiii. 
General  Hospital,  141. 

order  as  to,  192. 
orders  defined,  xxxix,  167. 
Germaine,    Lord   George,   Ixix,  Ixxxvii, 
49.    355.    375.   377.  405.  4>6, 
434. 
Germans,  36,  97,  98,   no,   132,   138, 
142,  143, 
with  Burgoyne,  Ivi,  lix. 
see  Hessians  and  Brunswickers. 
German  brigade,  ist,  45. 
division,  ist,  45,  iii. 
2d,  45, 
3d,  36. 
flags  secretly  saved,  294. 
grenadiers,  118,  152. 
gunners,  pay  of,  174. 
jealousy  of  the  British,  Ixxxv. 
light  brigade,  Ixxix,  66. 
regts.,  49. 

strength,  Ixxvii. 
troops  hired  by  George  III,  37. 
in  Canada,  station  of,  38. 
Gibraltar,  Ivi. 
Gilliland,  Wm.,  57,  509. 
Gilliland's  farm,  57. 
Glover,  Gen.,  Ixxxix,  403. 
Goll,  Gen.,  see  Gall. 
Gondolas,  22,  23. 

Gordon,   Maj.   Harry,    172,    174,    201, 
248,  274,  277,  278. 
Gen.  Patrick,  Ixxxviii,  4,  5,   7,  9, 
51,  loi,  175.  176,  264. 

order    issued    at    shooting 
of,  236. 
Gordon's  Brigade,  208,  464. 

cantonment,  190. 
Graham,  Gen.,  359,  360. 


Grande  Isle,  322. 

Graves,  capture  and  escape  of  John,  41. 
Green,  Capt.  Charles,  xlviii,  li. 
Greenieaf,  Capt.  Moses,  494,  496,  499, 
500,  503. 

military  papers  of,  xiii. 
Gregg,  Lt.-Col.  Wm.,  121,  123. 
Grenadiers,    Iii,  Ixx,   Ixxi,   Ixxxiii,   92, 
152.  ■59.  i^^.  '78,  189,  212. 
cantonment  of  190. 
Grey,  Major,  69,  7°.  7i. 
Grog  allowed  to  fatigue  parties,  275. 
Guards,   orders    relating    to,    184.    185, 
189,  218,  221,  222,  273,  283. 
ste  pickets. 

foot  guards. 
Gun  boats,  i6,  22,  24,  25,  31,  33,  53, 
54.  63,  79.  88,  90,  92,  94,  96, 
100,  102,  106,  140. 

armament    and  ammunition 

for,  23. 
description  of,  56. 
complement  of  men  for  each,  320. 
practice,  232. 

HADDEN,  Lt.  James  M.,  xxxr, 
xli,  xlviii,  I,  3,  51,  102,  108, 
109,  no,  213,  225. 

detachment  of,  155. 

fires  first  gun  at    Freeman's 

Farm,  163. 
position  at  Freeman's  Farm, 

164. 
narrow  escape,  165. 
Robert,  51,  65. 
Hadden's  Journal,  how  obtained,  xxxr. 
Halberts  superseded  by  carbines,  210. 

description  of,  210. 
Haldiroand,  Sir  F.,  Ivii,  21,  43,  73,  112, 
170,  203,   229,   284,  322,  436, 
482,  532,  542,  553. 
papers,  xiii,  xcix. 
Hale,  Col.  Nathan,  483. 
Half  Moon,  560. 

battery,  293,  324. 
Hamilton  Gustavus,  214. 

Lieut.-Col.  or  Gen.,  xlvii,  Iii,  45, 
68,  147.  159,  165,  176.  260, 
271,  272,273,  274,  279,282, 
283,  289,  292,  468. 


Index* 


S7Z 


Hamiltun  GutUvui,   brigade  of,    51,68, 

84. 
Nanau  Artillery,  li»iii,  l«xi«,  36,  44,  79, 
187,  388. 
chuieun,  49. 
regt.,  lx»ii,  36,  44,   «8,  152,  159, 

264. 
troops,  49,  183,  302,  303. 
itrength  of,  Ixxviii. 
Hanoverians,  226. 
Harnagr,  Maj.  Henry,  269,  278,458. 

Mr*.  Henry,  Izxii. 
Harrington,  Lieut.  Henry,  205,  303, 
earl    of,   xlvi,    xlvii,   zlix,  xcvii,  4, 

337,  367,  489- 
Harris,  Capi.  John  A.,  xlviii,  88. 
Hartford,  40,  42,  214,  511,  512, 
Harvey,  Adj.-Gen.,  Ixxxix. 
Hawkes,  Capt.  Erie,  270. 
Hayes,  Dr.,  146. 
Hazelshouse,  233. 
Heath,  Gen.  Wm.,  270,  293,  340,  352, 

353- 

letter    to    Gen.     Burgoyne, 

from,  286. 
Gen.  Philips,  from,  348, 
from   Gen.  Phillips,  to  349, 

35'- 
papers,  xiii. 

Health,  order  relating  to,  243,  255,  256, 

286. 
Heavy  Artillery,  251. 
Henrick,  Col.,  see  Herrick. 
Herrick,  Col.  Samuel,  124,  509. 
Hesse  Hanau,  see  Hanau. 
Hessians,  see  Hanau. 
Hetherington,  Lieut.,  96. 
Hill,  John,  89,  92,  226,  274,  313,  400, 

401,  402. 
Hobart,  Col.  David,  176,  128. 
Holden,  Dr.  A.  W.,  xiil,  67,  68. 
Horses     and     carriages,     order     as     to, 

»97. 
afs't  com'y  of,  207. 
conductor  of,  317. 
for  artillery,  188. 
orders  as  to,  148,  149,  313. 
public  sale  of,  1 39. 
regulations  about  the  king's,  137. 
wanted  for  army,  281. 


Hosmer,  Capt.  Thomas,  156,  208,  288, 
306,  320. 

Brigade  of,  156. 
division  orders  by,  307. 
Hospital,  150. 

officers  to  leport  for  orders,  182 
order  a  to  general,  192 
Houghton,    Lieut.     Wm.,     209,     219, 

319. 
Howarth,    Lieut.     Edward,    xlviii,    Ivi, 

Ixxiv,  157. 
Howe,     Sir     William,     Ixviii,    Ixxxvi, 
Uxxviii,  xc,  xcii,  8,  10,  51,  330, 

373- 

army  of,  44,  69. 
Richard,  Adm.  Lord,  18,  373,375. 
Hubbjrd,  Col.,  see  Hobart. 
Hubbardton,  84,  85,  95,  125,  130,  322, 
463. 
casualties  at,  88. 
battle  of,  considered,  483. 
Huberton,  see  Hubardton. 
Hudson  River,  94,  109,  138,  140,   144, 

147.  3ai- 

bridged,  137. 
crossed,  144. 
Huguet-Latour,  Maj.  L.  A.,  xiii. 
Huntley,    Richard,     Surgeon-Gtn'l     to 

Montreal  garrison,  230. 
Husill's  house,  282. 

ICE  on  St.  Lawrence,  39. 
break  up  of,  40. 
review  of  troops  on,  38. 
Indian  arms,  15. 
manners,  20. 
razor,  13. 
Indians,  98,  III,   134,   135,   136,   153, 
159. 
and  rum,  192,278,  281. 
Burgoyne's  opinion  of,  15. 

treatment  of,  Ixxxv. 
conduct  at  Bennington,  531. 
congress  of,  12,  309. 
description  of,  12. 
drunk,  83. 

leader  of  Burgoyne's,  135. 
to  remain  in  their  village,  189. 
under  Burgoyne,  Iviii,  Ix. 
Capt.  Eraser,  474,475. 


574- 


Index, 


Inhabitants    complain    of  ill  treatment, 
231. 
at  Crown  Point  not  to  be  molested, 

SOS- 
Intrenching  tools,  80. 

Invalid  Batt.  Artillery,  156,  ao6. 
Invalids,  corps  of,  62. 
Irving,  Maj.  Paulus  ^.,  xlvii. 
Isle  aux  Chevrents,  322. 
Isle  au  Mot,  17,  55. 

a  la  Motte,  orders  issued  at,  304. 
Isle  aux  Noix,  34,  35,  53,  54,  l'=n  169, 
244,  247,  267,  289,  302,  433. 
description  of,  16. 
orders  issued  at,  295,  296, 
302,  303. 

JAGERS,  44,  85,  152. 
Jefferson,  Thomas,  353,  359. 
letters  to  Gen.  Phillips  from, 

354. 
Mrs.,  354. 
Jessup  brothers,  Ivii. 

Lt.-Col.  Ebenezer,  Ixxix,  67. 

Maj.  Edward,  67,  112,482. 
Jessup's  corps,  67,  74,  480. 

falls,  67. 

ferry,  67. 

landing,  68. 

little  falls,  67,  68. 
Jesus,  isle  of,  47. 
Johns,  conductor,  to  be  with  laboratory, 

ii9- 
Johnson,  Col.  Guy,  548. 
hall,  134. 
Sir  John,  20 1. 

reg't  of,  69,  70,  73,  202, 
322. 
Wm.,    201,    202,    439,    526, 
528. 
Jones,    Capt.    Thomas,  xliii,  Ixxiv,  50, 
98,99,109,110,164,165,174. 
Judge  Thomas,  378. 
Gen.  Valentine,  48. 
Jones'    brigade,     no,    152,    154,    159, 
164,  469. 
company,  xlii,  no,  155. 
farm,  97,  98. 
Junk  delivered  to  regulars,  286. 

ENNEDY,  Dr.  Hugh,  229,  263. 
Keymis,  Lt.  John,  xlviii. 


K 


King's  birth  day,  47,  345. 
or  Royal  Boat,  170. 
color,  52. 
Kingston,  Maj.  Robert,  xxxviii,  xlviii, 
Ixxviii,  51,  62,  139,  145,   146, 
163,  460. 
Knox,  Dr.  Robert,  118. 

secretary,  527. 
Kosciusico,  Gen.,  401. 

LABORATORY,  219. 
instruction  in,  2x2. 
Lachine,  201. 
La  Colle  River,  16,  55,  289,  303. 

order  issued  at,  304. 
La  Come,  see  St.  Luc. 
Lake  ChampUin,  6,  15,  16,  17,  30,  33^ 
96,  107,  509,  542. 

Brassier's  survey  of,  25,  26. 
description  of,  55. 
naval  action  on,  22. 
size  of,  51. 
Lake  George,  40,  90,  94,  96,  100,  102, 
104,  140,  321,  322,  469,  519. 
description  of, 
Portage  at,  96,  102. 
Lake  Ontario,  46,  170,    322,  509,  542. 
Lake  St.  Pierre,  I. 

Lake  St.  Peter's,  order  issued  at,  178. 
Lamb,  Sergt.  Roger,  xciii,  90,  226,  261, 

364. 
bunaudiere   Charles   L.   T.  de,  Ivii,  135, 

530.  S3S- 
^:idrief,    Mr.,     Batteaux    inspector    at 

Montreal,  193. 
Langlade,  Charles  de,  Iviii,  529. 
La  Prairie,  5,  51,    186,    187,  188,  189. 

order  issued  at,  190. 
Laurens,   Henry,  407,  408,  410,  412, 
413. 

exchange  of,  421. 
Law,  Capt.  George,  i  37,  222,  248,  294. 
Leake's  party,  73. 
Learned,  Gen.  Eben'r,  515. 
Le  Corn,  Luke,  see  St.  Luc. 
Lee,  gondola,  29.  . 

Left  Brigade  Art'y,  156. 

Column,  149,  152. 

Wing,  Ixxix,   98,   143,  144,    I47f 

composition  of,  159. 

guns  attached  to,  154,  X50. 


Index, 


Le  Moine,  J.  M.,  xiii,  136,  467. 
Lenodier,  M.,  see  Lanaudiere. 
Lieut.  Fireworker  grade  abolished,  Ixxv. 
Light  Brigade,  li,  Hi,  ixxix,  53,  94. 

Infantry,  Ixx,  Ixxi,  Ixxiii,  146,  152, 

»59.  »63i  '78,  ZI2. 
cantonment,  190. 
Ligonier  Bay,  orders  at,  69. 
Lincoln,  Gen.  Benj.,  354,  488. 
Lindsay,  Alexander,  see  Balcarres,  Earl  of. 
Line  of  Battle,  British  formation  of,  146. 
Littiejohn,   Capt  ,  a  master  attend't  and 

naral  storekeeper,  227,  546. 
Livingston,  Col.,   19    20,  61. 

R.  R.,  421. 
Lloyd,   Mr.,  duel  of  with  Maj,  Acland, 

Iv, 
Long,  Col.,  90. 
Longeuil,  47,  51,  186,  187,  234. 

orders  issued  at,  187,  188. 
Long  Island,  battle  of,   375. 

prisoners  on,  408. 
Riedesel  commands  at,  38. 
Lord,  Lt.  Simeon,  323. 
Loring,  Joshua,  379. 

Mrs.,  hi    wifcf,  379. 
Lorrette,  Toussaint,  244. 
Loyal  convert,  5  3. 
Rangers,  74. 
Loyalist  Corps,  71,  72,  73. 
Loyalists,  commission  on  losses  of,  64. 
cruelty  to,  128. 

McALPIN,  Capt.  Daniel,  73,  285. 
McAlpin's  Loyalist  Corps,  73. 
McDonell,  Maj.   John,  290. 
McDougal,  Capt.,  138. 
McFarlane,  Wm.,  215. 
McFailan,  Capt.  McKay's  servant,  40, 

41. 
McKay,   Capt.   Samuel,    Ixxx,  39,  65, 

.  473- 
Mackintosh,  Sir  James,  454. 
Maclean,    Gen.    Allan,    46,    203,   234, 
260,  284,  38  s,  4.J6,  466,  467, 
S47. 

Regt.  of,  239,  245. 
Sir  Allan,  554. 
commissary,  245. 
Manchester,   112,  116,   122,  495,  503. 
Marching  orders,  312. 


575 


Market  regulations,  194. 
Marksmen,  152,  159.  ' 

British,  64,  65. 

Fraser's,  140. 
Marr,  Capt.,  170. 
Martello  towers,  227. 
Massachusetts,  nth  Regt.,  86,492,  494, 

Historical  Society,  xiii,  87. 
Maxwc  I,  Capt.  Wm.,  xlvii. 
Merids,  Col.  Edward  F.,  211,  294. 
Mersereau,  Joshua,  D.  C.  of  prisoners, 

.     ..5'5- 
Michilimackinac,  553. 

force  at,  50. 
Miller  Island,  47. 
Minden,  battle  of,  1. 
Mischianza,  378. 

Mitchelson,  Walter,  79,  178,  211,  288, 
306. 

art'y  brigade   of,   156,  250, 

*5»«  »53- 
Mohawk  river,  46,  47,  509. 

Money,    Capt.   John,   xlvii,   xlix,   90, 

225. 
Monimia,  transport,  183. 
Monin,  Capt.,  Ixxx,  65,  153,  473. 
company  of,  65,  102. 
Montgomery,  Lt.-Col.  Archibald,    554. 
Gen.  Richard,  40,   276,  431,  440! 

5»3,  S24,  535- 
Montgomery  s  assault,  50. 

battery,  266,  26«. 
Monthly  returns  called  for,  192. 

how  to  be  made,  zio. 
Montmorency,  Falls  of,  n, 
Montreal,  4,  5,  35,  37,  38,  39,  44^  45^ 
51,  183,    191,  »oi,  202,    228, 
230,  240,  276,  280,  284,  286, 
288,  322,466,  524,  551. 
baggage  to  be  sent,  279. 
description  of,  1 2. 

how  inhabitants  of,  to  be  employed, 
223. 

island  of,  47. 

orders  issued  at,  191,  192,  193. 
Morgan,  Col.  Daniel,  163,  457, 
Mott,  Samuel,  535. 
Mount  Defiance,  169,  499. 
Mount  Hope,  83. 
Mount  Independence,  82,  84  93,  107, 

"71*93.  3"f  3*4,499- 


Sl^ 


Index, 


Mount  Independence,  evacuation  of,  85. 
Moylan,  Stephen,  524. 
Murray,  Comm'y,  10. 

Gen.  James,  430,  431,  520,  522. 
s    Lt.  James,  10. 
Munsell,  Messrs.,  xiv. 

NAIRNE,  Maj.  John,  284. 
Navy  on  Lake  Champlain,  15. 
Nesbit,  Gen.  Wm.,  Ixxxviii,   175,  282, 
464,469,556. 

to  pursue  Americans,  182. 
Nesbit's  Brigade,   177,   190,    259,  474. 
New  Brunswick,  20. 
Netherlands,  proposed  treaty  with,  407. 
New  Hampshire's    isth  Regt.  of  mili- 
tia, 127. 
resolutions   on  Stark's  victory,  130, 

131- 
Newport,  R.  I.,  403. 
New  York,   liv,   xcv,   330,    354,    381, 
420,  440,  441. 

act  of  attainder,  516. 
Historical  ."»"'-iety,  xiii. 
northern     invas"nn     of    in 

1780,  20,  21,  74. 
Royal  regt.  of,  69. 
Niagara,  46,  261,  342,  467,  547. 

force  at,  50. 
Nichols,  Col.  Moses,  123,  126. 
Norman,  Lt.  Richard,  246. 
North,  resignation  of  Lord,  419- 
River,  see  Hudson  river, 
shore,     troops    to     disembark     at, 
183. 
Nutt.  Lt.  George  Anson,  Ix,   Ixx,   44, 
67. 

OAKUM,  made  by  reg'ts,  486. 
O'Callaghan,  Dr.,  Ix. 
O'Connell,  Capt.   Laurentius,  294,  398, 

399- 
OfFal  to  be  buried,  222. 
O'Meara,  Lt.  Daniel,  xlviii. 
Order  of  March,  149. 
Orderly  book  defined,  xl. 

non    commssioned   officers  defined, 

xxxix. 
men,   141. 

officers  for  brigade,  Hd.  Qrs.  Cham- 
bly.  195. 


Orderly  Book  to  be  sent  morft  regularly,    t 

199. 
Orders  defined,  167. 

imperfectly  distributed,  316. 
Ordance  stores,  inquiry  for,  207. 
Oriskany,  47. 
Oswegatchie,  99,  553. 

force  at,  50, 
Oswego,  46. 

Otter  Creek,  63,  65,  78,  112. 
Out  posts,  order  relating  to,  241. 
Oxen  for  the  troops,  191  .  -^ 

PALMER'S  Hist,   of  Lake    Cham- 
plain,  supposed  error  of,  25. 
Parade,  evening,  221. 
Parades  of  reg'ts.,  ordered,  198. 

who  to  attend,  232. 
Park    of  artillery,   79,    14°.  H3.  »S*. 

15s.  237.  *S*,  3»o- 
entrenching  tools  with,  254. 

composition  of,  155. 

lack  of  orders  in,  316 
Paroles : 

Alexander,  305.  Rodolph,  304. 

Augustus,  305.  St.  Agatha,  288. 

Bernard,  239.  St.  Agnes,  263. 

Bristol,  223.  St.  Andrew,  258. 

Carleton,  183.  St.  Andrews,  193. 

Charles,  296.  St.  Ann,  282. 

Clinton,  218.  St.  Anne,  21 1,233. 
Cornwallis,  229.          St.  Anthony,   21G, 

Ferdinand,  295.  239,  272. 

Franci;,  304.  St.  Athanasius,28o. 

Grorge,  223.  St.  Aubins,  258. 

Henry,  303.  St.  Augustine,  201. 

Howe,  228.  St.  Barnabas,  255. 

Hughes,  305.  St.  Beatrix,  295. 

Ignatius,  304.  St.  Benedict,  266. 

Lazarus,  304.  St.  Bridget,  288. 

Leopold,  306.  St.  Catharine,  262. 

Lewis,  304.  St.    Ceceii  i,    222, 

Liverpool,  225.  238,  286. 

London,  224.  St.    Charles,     2^9, 

Matthew,  195.  295. 

Mioses,  304.  St.  Charlotte,  295. 

Percy,  229.  St.  Christian,  283. 

Peter,  304.  St.       Christopher!, 

Phillip,  303.  245. 

Pius,  304  St.        Chrysostem, 

Quebec,  184.  275. 


Index, 


S77 


St.  Columbus,  2o8.  St.  Mark,  191, 198, 

St.  Croix,  254.  237. 

St.  David,  256.  St.  Martin,  255. 

St.Denis,  250,  254.  St.  Mary,  263. 

St.  Eliza,  292.  St.  Matthew,    188, 

St.  Eugenia,  295.  281. 

St.  Francis,  212.  St.  Michael,  233. 

St.    George,     230,  St.  Morris,  209. 

i4'-  St.  Ours,  249. 

St.  Helena,  295.  St.  Patrick,  223 


St.  Hubert,  266 
St.  Jacob,  280. 
St.  James,   246. 
St.  Jerome,  243 


St.  Paul,  182,  194, 

208,  262. 

St.  Peter,  243. 

St.  Philip,  192. 


St.  John,  201,  234.  St.  Philips,  262. 

St.  Joseph,  265.  St.  Quentin,  262. 

St.  Jude,  238.  St.  Ruth,  295. 

St.  Judith,  281.  St.  Sarriuel,  194. 

St.  Juis,  280.  St.     Simon,      183, 
St.  Lawrence,  248.  241. 

St.  Louis,  213,  313.  St.  Sophia,  285. 

St.  Luc,   190,  191.  St.  Stephen,  242 


St.  Thomas,     210, 

236,  241,  260. 
St.  Timothy,  277. 
St.  Valentine,  278. 
Stephen,   304. 
William,  304. 


St.  Lucia,  265 

St.  Lucretia,  288. 

St.  Luke,  199. 

St.  Magdalen,  263 

St.  Margaret,    239 

St.  Margarite,  295 

St.  Maria,  282. 

Patroles,  order  relating  to,  241, 

Patterson,  Gen.,  494. 

brigade  of,  494. 
Pausch,  Capt ,  Ixxix,  79,  no. 

brigade  of,  80,  no,  154,  155, 
159. 
Pellew,  Edward,  see  Lord  Exmouth. 
Peters,  Lt.-Col.  John,  Ivii,  Ixxix.  71,  73. 
Peters'  corps,  67,  in,  n2,  114,  115. 

F-Tty,  73. 
Petersham,  Lord,  see  Earl  of  Harrington. 
Pfister,  see  Phister. 
Philadelphia,  514. 

Phillips,   Gen.   Wm  ,  xlvi,  xlviii,  1,  Ixii, 
Ixxiv,  Ixxix,  Ixxxix,  xcii,  3,  35, 

37,44i  50.51.  65,  83.  loa.  103. 
»47,  150.  15*.  157.  165,  166, 
167,  168,  172,  174,  175,  185, 
188,  190,  208,  210,  230,  238, 
272,  278,  279,  280,  289,  290, 
343.  363- 

73       '    ■' 


Phillipi  Gen.  Wm., 

orders  by,  150,  169,  172, 

173.  174.  178,    183, 

199,  206,  209,    211, 

212,  219,  220,    224, 

228,  229,  230,    231, 

*33.  ^39.  240,    247, 

!*49,  ^50.  256,    258, 

259,  266,  275,    277, 

282,  285,  286,    288, 

306,  307,  309,    310, 

r.L.         r<  314.    3'6,     539     546. 

Phister,  Francis,  134.  J^^-   3* 

command  of,  43 
Picket  boat,  266. 

of  fatigue,  239.  ^ 

Pickets,  duty  of,  77.  .  ^ 

size  of,  77,  221. 

orders  as  to,   184,   185,   ,86,   187, 
189,  241. 

to  be  under  arms  before  daylight,  140 

see  guards. 
Pitch  pine  plains,  97. 
Pitt,  Rt.  Hon.  John,  215. 
Poinir,    Francois,    a   Canadian  prisioner. 

243- 
Point  auFer,  16,  17,  35,  53,  55. 
orders  issued  at,  304. 
Point  Levi,  n. 
Point  au  Sable,  55, 

orders  issued  at,  304. 
Pomeroy,  Capt.  Arthur,  210,  277. 
Portage  at  Lake    George,  40,  90,   322, 

323.  325- 
guard,  209,  222. 

Powder  magazine  at  Montreal  to  be  lo- 
cated, 240. 

Powell,  Gen.  Henry  Watson,  xlvii,  lii, 
Ixxxviii,  45,  68,  117,  159,  175, 
184,   185.    186,  187,   188,  321, 

324,  464,  552. 

Powell's  Brigade,    68,    199,   206,    221, 
*39.  259,  467,  474. 
cantonment,  190. 
Power,  James,  265,  290. 

Thomas  Bolton,  264,  265. 
Precision   in    giving    orders    inculcated 
180.  ' 

Prince    Frederick's    Reg't,  1x5,  36,  44 
68,  III,  324,  464. 


578 


Index, 


Pringle,  Hall,  xxxv. 

Capt.   Thomas,    17,    26,    31,    32, 
169,  297,  445i  539- 
Prisoners,  order  as  to,  142. 

provisions  for,  231. 

to  work  on  fortificat'ons  244. 
Prospect  Hill,  351,  352. 
Providence,  R.  I.,  403. 
Provincial  corps,  67,  71,  72,  73,  476. 

troops,  44,  66. 
Provincials,  97,  98,  ill,  112,  141,  153, 
159. 

under  Burgoyne,  Ivn. 
Provision  train,  order  as  to,  314. 

trains  not  to  be  interfered  with,  313. 
Provisions,  a  return  of  called  for,  185. 

for  army,  aid  in  issuing,  195. 

guard  for,  I  52,  1 60. 

orders  as  to,  298,  303. 

regulations  for,  196, 

transportation  of,  223. 
Provost  Marshall,     Lieut.    Etherington, 

97- 
Guard,  97. 
Putnam,  Gen.,  liv,  439. 
Putnam's  Creek,  78. 

QUARTER  guards,  76,  145. 
how  composed    and  posted, 
220,  259. 
honors  paid  by,  221. 
master  gen'ls  duty,  75. 
master's  men,   147. 
Quebec,  Ixvi,  Ixvii,  Ixviii,  Ixix,  1,  11,  12, 
35.    37.    43.  48.50.   >">    '37. 
143,    174,    179,  I9'»   *o7,  a". 
213,    238,   243,285,296,420, 

43'.  437.  541- 

Act,  431,  523,  454. 

description  of,  10. 

inhabitants'    address    to    Col.    Val. 
Jones,  48. 

orde.s  issued  at,  7. 

royal  artillery  at,  50. 
Queen's  color,  52. 
Quinchen,  9. 
Quinze  Chenes,  99. 


R 


ADEAU,  34.S».  53.  54- 

description  of,   16. 
sailing  qualities  of,  34. 


Radeau,  to  be  fitted  up,  287,  288. 
number  to  be  carried  by,  289. 
artillery    reserve,    ammunition    on, 

a53- 
Rainsford,  Gen,  227. 

journal  of,  49. 
Raleigli,  an  American  cruiser,  17,  32. 
Rangers,  44,  65, 

royal.  74. 
Rank,  various  kinds  of,  Ixxxvi. 
Ration  money,  start  return  of,  209. 
Rations  reduced,  326. 
Rattlesnakes,  105. 
Rattlesnake  Island,  105. 
Recruits,  how  distributed,  234, 
ordered  to  regiments,  230. 
Red  House,  98. 
Regimental  Color,  52. 

returns,  how  to  be  made,  210. 
required,  208. 
Reid,  Lieut.  George,  xliii,  no,  164,  165, 

294. 
Reports  (or  States)   weekly,  how    to  be 

made,  263. 
Reserve  of  the  Park,  317. 
Return  of  ammunition,  etc.,  205. 
see  reports, 
state. 
Returns,  Brigade,  208. 
Reynal,  Mrs.,  Ixxxi. 
Rhet«,  Reg't   44,  45.  ^8,  »S».  »S9- 
Rice  to  be  issued  to  soldiers,  243. 
Reidesel,    Baroness,    Ixxxi,    229,    269, 
270,  364,  386,  399,  401. 
Maj.-Gen.,  Ixi,  Ixvii,  Ixxix,  37,  44» 
45.5a.  53.65,85,  9^,95.  I3», 
147.  149.  '59.  '75.    '77.  a79» 
289,   294,  295,  345,   353,  35S» 
356,  398,  402,  553. 
Riedesel's  Dragoons,  Ixxviii,  66,  81,  97, 
98,  III,  132.  134,  153.  159- 
Reg't,  44,   45.  68,  152,  159,  399- 
Rifle  corps,  establishment  of,  227. 
Right  Brigade,  Art'y,  156. 
column,  149,  152. 
division,  310. 
wing,  Ixxix,  97,  98,  109,  I43>  '44» 

147.  15*. 
artillery  with,  250. 
composition  of,  159. 
guns  attaehed  to,  1 54. 


Indi 


ex. 


579 


Rimington,  Lt.  Samuel,  xlviii,  310,  319, 
River,  La  Colle,  see  La  Colle. 
River,  St.  Lawrence,   see  St.    Lawrence. 
River,  Sorel,  see  Sorel  River. 
Roads,  to  be  worked  on,  197. 
Rockingham,  112. 

administration,  420. 
Rogers,  Robert,  104. 

Rock,  104. 
Roil,  Jacques,  a  Canadian  prisoner,  243. 
Roll  call,  evening,  232. 

irregularly  at  night,  219. 
calls  ordered,  327. 
Rosier,   Louis  de,  a   Canadian  prisoner, 
143. 
Joseph  de,  a  Canadian  prisoner,  243. 
Roster,  to  govern  details,  173. 
Rotten,  John,  213,  215. 
Rousseaux,  Mr.  appointed  Q'r  Master  to 

Hd.  Qrs.,   198. 
Rouville's  company,  Capt.,  46. 
Royal  artillery,  see  Br   Regts. 
Royal  (or  King's)  IJoat,  170. 
engineers,  see  Br.  Regts. 
Military  Academy,  Ixxvi,  156. 
Savage,  22,  24,  26,  27,  450. 
Standard,  52. 
Rum,  allowance  to  be  diluted,  281. 
rations,  302. 

traffic  with  Indians  forbidden,   192, 
Ruttenber,  E.  M.,  xxxviii,  xli. 

SABBATH  Djy  Point,  42,  104. 
Sa:kville,  see  Germaine. 
Sailors,  153. 

St.  Charles,  190,  an,  233,  244. 
artillery  at,  200. 
Itchy   patients    to    stay    at, 
212. 
St.  Clair,  Gen.,  27,  484,  494,  495,  496, 

.  503- 
St.  Coick's  mills,  120,  121. 
St.  Denis,  182,  233. 
St.  George,  George  Dupre,  535. 
St.  John's,  2,   4,    7,    9,  15,   16,  34,  35, 

37.  48,  5°.  5'.  52.  S3.  54,  i89f 
190,  191,    197,  218,   222,   224, 

227,  230,  23s,  236,   239,   244, 

247,   248,   249,  260,  268,  273, 

*74,   175.   *77,  ^79.  a8>,  282, 
187,  288,  289,  292,  345,  541. 


St  John's, 

ammunition  depot  at,  253. 

troops  posted  at,  267. 
orders  issued  at,    266,    277, 
280,  281,  282,  283,  285, 
286,  288,  292,  295. 
surrender  of,   3. 
St.  Lawrence,  Gulf  of,  297. 

River,  I,   II,   12,    22,  26,   36,  38, 

39,  45,  47,  51,  a97. 
St,  Leger,  Barry,  45,  47,   49,  ^79,  j^j^ 

St.  Leger's  expedition,  43,   202. 

St.  Luc,  La  Corne,  Iviii,  135,  136,  153, 

47*,  517. 
Santour,  211,  213,  225,  233.    " 

artillery  at,  200, 
St.  Pierre,  Lake,  i. 
St.  Sulpice,  orders  issued  off,  183. 
St.  Therese,  230,   233,   234,  239,    244, 
258,  261. 
inhabitants  of,  how  to  be  employed, 
223. 
Salmon,  in  Boquet  river,  57. 
Sandilands,  Janes,  see   Lord  Torpichen. 
Sandy  Creek,  order  issued  at,  30. 
Saratoga,  138,  144. 

convention,  62,  557. 
orders  issued  at,  316. 
Saunders,  Qr.  Master  Alex..  6. 
Saut  de  St  Louis,  Indians  of. 
Saw  Mills,  the,  84,  96. 

creek,  90,  96,  100,  106. 
bridge,  90. 
Sawyers  wanted,  235. 
Scalps,  reward  for  American,  47. 
Schank,  Lt.  John,  Ixxvi,  144,  150,  169, 

170,  297,  322,  537. 
Schaw,  Comm'y  Alex.,  213. 
Schuyler,  Gen.,  40,  47,    134,448,453, 

493.  494- 
Schuyler's  house,  145,  149,  561, 

Island,  55,  446,  447,  448. 
Scott,  Lt.,  54. 

Capt.  Alex  ,  206. 

Thomas,  206. 
Scout  in  winter  of  1776,    39. 
Scurvy,  54. 

Second    brigade,    Eng.,    68,  233,    259, 
292,  464.  469. 

German,  Ixxix,  68. 
Seniority  to  govern  command,   139. 


5^0 


Index . 


Servant!,  orders  as  to,  139,  286, 
Shelli,  dead,   I  58. 
Sherburne,  Major,  99,  100. 
Sherwood,  Capt.   Justin,   Ivii,   73,    111, 

114,479.482. 
Shrimpton,  Capt.,  86. 
Sick,  carriages  for,  187. 

lists  sent  to  Dr.  Kennedy,  263. 
regulations  for,  141. 
sent  to  Chamblee,  212. 

general  hospital,  192. 
Montreal,  286. 
to  form  baggage  guard,  188. 
Shirreff,  Capt.  Wm.,  xlvii. 
Signals,  80. 
Silence  in   working  artillery  inculcated, 

180. 
Skating,  42. 
Skene,  Gov.  Philip,  94,  115.  I»0,   I23> 

132,  142,  214,  505. 
Skenesborough,  85,  88,  89,  91,  93,  94. 
95,  96,  98,  108,  no,  124,  138, 
444,508,513. 
orders  issued  at,  97,  309. 
house,  orders  issued  at,  91. 
Skinner,  Com.-Gen.   of  prisoners,  409, 
418. 
Joseph,  478. 
Small,  Major  John,  549. 
Small  pox,  193. 

Smith,  Lt.  Wm.  P.,  Ixxiv,  178. 
Sorel,  39,  182,  191,  200,  227,  233,  238, 
279. 
River,  i,    i6,    39,   206,  2IJ,   231, 

*33,  *34- 
South  Bay,  21,  33,  79. 

shore,  troops  to  disembark  at,   183. 
Sp«cJit,   Gen.,  Ivi,    Ixxix,   45,   66,   68, 

'59,  399- 
Brigade  of,  45,  68. 

Regt   44,45,  66,  68,  IS»,  159- 
Speth,  Lt.-Col.,  45,  399. 
Split  Rock,  56,  63,  448,  450. 
Springfield,  116. 
Spruce  beer,  54. 
Stamford,  Conn.,  439. 
Standard  of  England  or  Royal,  52. 
Stanhope,    Charles,    see    Earl  of    Har- 
rington. 
Stark,  Caleb,  128. 

Capt.,  297. 


Stark,  Gen.  John,   121,  130,131,485, 

488. 
State  Brigade,  weekly,  198,  208. 
Stearns,  Henry  S.,  489,  497. 
Steele,  Lt.  Thomas,  88,  337. 
Stephens,  Ensign  George,  215. 
Stevelly,  Lt.  Joseph,  266. 
Stevens,  Henry,  xxxv. 
Stickney,Col.  Thomas,  102,  126,  1x8. 
Stirling,  Lord,  118. 
Stone,  Capt.  Enos,  492.  496,  500. 

Wm.  L.,  vi,  xii,  Ivi. 
Stopford,  Maj.  Joseph,  2. 
Storekeepers.  141. 
Storey,  Lt.  Thomas,  177. 
Straggling  forbidden,  75,  219. 
Strangers  to  be  inquired  about,  202. 
Strangways,  Capt.  Stephen  D.,  liv. 
Strength  of  corps  to  be  reported,  148. 
Subaltern's  guard  discontinued,  259. 
Sugar    Loaf  Hill,   84,   322,    323,    347, 

499. 
Sullivan,  Gen.  John,  486. 
Surgeons  to  collect  sick,  192. 

report  for  orders,  182. 
Sutherland,  Lt.-Col.  Nicholas,  260,  556. 
Sword's  farm,  152,  160. 

TANGUAY,  Abbe,  xiii. 
Tayler,  Capt.  Wm.  T.,  324. 
Tents    for    Light    Go's,    of  47th    Foot, 

194. 
how  pitched  m  wet  weather,  240. 
Thompson,  Gen.,  176. 
Three  Mile  Point,  81,  83,  84. 

Rivers,  11,  37,  176,  207,  229,  333, 
518. 

battle  of,  456. 
orders  issued  at,  175. 
Ticonderoga,  xlii,  lii,  Ixxi,  Ixxiv,  29,  33, 
40,43,78,81,82,  84,  88,  89, 
9O'  91,  93,  'o*,  '°6,  107,  117, 
142,  293,  321,  322,  324,  347, 
373,  400,  464,  465,  466,  486, 

499..  547- 

evacuation  of,  85. 

force  at,  Ix,  1 17. 
Torpichen,  Lord,  xlvi.  » 

Tory   breastwork    at    Bennington,    ia6, 

'33-  .     .      ^ 

families  in  Saratoga  district,  61. 


C> 


Index, 


581 


Traitors,  suspected,    to    be    investigated, 

202. 
Trois  Rivieres,  see  Three  Riven. 
Trout,  109. 
Trumbull,  Gov.,  441,  444. 

Col.  J.,  45,. 

The,  25,  447. 

Tryon,  Gov.  Wm.,68,  69,  70,  73,  382, 

.       525.  527. 
Twiss,  Lieut.  Wm.,  xlviii,  li.lxxvi,  169, 

172,  I7S-  235.  274,297,  322. 

UNDER  commissaries,  195. 
Upper  Sawyers,  see  Sawyers. 

VALCOUR  bay,  naval  action  of,  22, 
445i  446,  449- 
island,  22,  24,  27,  55,  169. 
size  of,  26. 
Valiancy,  Lieut.  George  P.,  293. 
Vangall,  see  Gall. 
Van  Veder's  Mills,  Ixxxiv. 
Varennes,  184,  185,  186. 

orders  issued  at,  186,  187. 
Verchere,  183,  197. 

orders  issued  at,  183,  184. 
Verreau,  Abbe,  xiii,  472,  535. 
Volunteers  defined,  Ixxxvi. 
list  of,  called  for,  199. 
Von  Gall,  see  Gall. 

WADE,  Engineer,  174. 
Waldeck  reg't,  Ixviii. 
Walker,   Ellis,  Capt.,    xlvii,    154,    179, 

251.253 
Walker's    Brigade    of  guns,    159,    250, 
253,  254. 
company,  199,  207,  260. 
Walpole,  Horace,  388. 
Warburton,  Miss,  387,  388. 
Warner,  Col.  Seth,  116,  129,  485,  495, 

494,  495.  496. 
Warner's  Reg't,  494,  502. 
Washington,  Gen.,  293,  408,  44a. 
to  Congress,  416. 
secretary  of  war,  420. 
Sir  Guy  Carleton,  423. 
the  galley,  26,  29,  445. 


Waterbury,  Gen.  David,  25,  26,  27,  29, 

439- 
Watson,    Winslow    C,    xiii,    25,    58, 

489. 
Weir,  Wm.,  341. 

Wellington,  Duke  of,  li.. 

Westminister  Abbey,  426. 

Whipple,  Gen,,  557. 

Whitcomb,  Lt.  Benj.,  4,  5,  6,  7,  42. 

description  of,  237. 

Wier,  Mr.,  Commissary,  191. 

Wig^lesworth,  Col.,  25,  445,  547, 

Wilford,  Lt.  Richard  Rich.,  xlviii,  xlix. 

Willkinson,  Gen.  James,  4,  27,  62,  90, 

145-  445,  558- 

Wilkinson's,  duel  v/ith  Gen.  Gates,  401. 

Wiilett,  Col.,  47. 

Williams,  Maj.  Griffith,  Ivi,  Ixxiv,  102, 
156,  166,  172,  175,  179,  180, 
181,  207,  232,  240,  247,  251, 
252,253,  316,  317,  320,  347. 

Williams' Artillery  Company,  211,  251, 

252,  3'9- 
Willsborough,  448. 
Willoe,  Capt.,  177. 
Windmill  Point,  30,  33,  79. 
Windsor  Be.nns,  109. 
Winter  clothes  to  be  packed,  287.   , 

hill,  352. 
Winterschmidt,  Lt.  Gott  J.,  294. 
Wirtemberg  Chasseurs,  46. 
Wolfe,  Gen.,  Ixv,  11,45,429. 
Women      insulted     by     men     bathing, 
194. 

provisions  for,  298. 

with  Burjjoyne's  army,  Ixxxi. 
Wood  Creek,  46,  94,  507,  513. 

for  Convention  Troops,  329. 
Woolwich,  Ixxvi. 
Wooster,  Gen.,  276,  524,  525. 
Working  parties,  219,  222,  248. 
how  composed,  219. 

YAMARCA,  243. 
York,  Lt.  John   H.,  157,    178, 

319- 

Younglove,  Dr.  Moses,  47. 


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